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濮阳市一高2022级高二下学期期中质量检测
英语试题
（时间：120分钟 满分：150分）
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）（略）
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
The United Kingdom is a land of natural beauty and history, with many of its finest attractions discovered through hiking. Now, dust off your boots, plan according to the following routes presented by a survey of senior hikers and an incredible experience will wait for you.
Wales Coastal Path
Wales is the only country in the world that has an official walking path covering its whole borders. The Wales Coastal Path is a footpath stretching 870 miles from Chester to Chepstow. Walking the whole thing might be demanding, but there are plenty of stretches that can be enjoyed over a day or two.
Southwest Coast Path
You need a fair amount of annual leave, a casual 52 days or so, to undertake this in one go. The route runs from Somerset all the way to Dorset, via rugged cliffs, cute fishing villages and surfing spots along the coastline. You can surely jump on to any point as you like, but you can't afford to miss all the pubs full of jokes and laughter on the way!
Coast to Coast Walk
This long-distance trail isn’t official, but popular in the country, taking hikers from the Irish Sea to the North Sea as it rolls into historic Robin Hood’s Bay in Yorkshire. Following local footpaths, the route takes you through three UK National Parks: the Lakes, the Yorkshire Dales and the North York Moors.
Cleveland Way
You’ll want nine days to folly complete this hike, which explores both the North York Moors and the county’s world-famous coastline. Just make sure you allow enough time to properly enjoy spots like Roseberry Topping hill and pick up a gentle afternoon walk at Whitby’s clifftop church.
1. Who will be more interested in the routes
A. Explorers in the UK. B. Hiking lovers.
C. Nature photographers. D. Field researchers.
2. What is highly recommended about Southwest Coast Path
A. Fishing villages. B. Surfing spots.
C. Local pubs. D. National parks.
3. What do the four routes have in common
A. They include cliffs worth visiting. B. They are official and demanding.
C. They run along the coast. D. They can be completed in a month.
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个徒步的路线以及各自的特点。
1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“Now, dust off your boots, plan according to the following routes presented by a survey of senior hikers and an incredible experience will wait for you.(现在，掸掉靴子上的灰尘，根据一项针对高级徒步旅行者的调查给出的以下路线进行计划，一场令人难以置信的体验将等待着你)”可知，徒步旅行爱好者会对这些路线更感兴趣。故选B。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“You can surely jump on to any point as you like, but you can’t afford to miss all the pubs full of jokes and laughter on the way!(你当然可以随心所欲地跳到任何一个点上，但你不能错过路上所有充满笑话和笑声的酒吧！)”可知，西南海岸航道当地的酒吧值得推荐。故选C。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据三个小标题“Wales Coastal Path；Southwest Coast Path；Coast to Coast Walk(威尔士海岸小径；西南海岸步道；海岸到海岸步道)”以及最后一段中“You’ll want nine days to folly complete this hike, which explores both the North York Moors and the county’s world-famous coastline. (你将需要9天的时间来完成这趟徒步旅行，它将探索北约克荒原和这个郡举世闻名的海岸线)”可知，这四条路线的共同之处是都沿着海岸。故选C。
B
About a decade ago, Lawson was at a beach in Virginia watching his kids build castles right next to the waves.
“I kept trying to get them to come back because I thought it was a terrible idea,” he remarked. He wanted them to build their sandcastles closer to the dunes. But they found it more exciting to build right where the waves hit, seeing their sandcastles get destroyed, and then rebuilding them with whatever debris washed up from the ocean. “It seemed so symbolic, somehow, of how life works more than just building your perfect sandcastles,” said Lawson. When he decided to turn that sunny day into a children’s book, the idea came to just use pictures. “It seemed like it would work beautifully without words,” he said.
A Day for Sandcastles is illustrated by Qin Leng. It’s the second wordless picture book for Lawson and Leng since 2021’s Over the Shop. Leng’s illustrations stay pretty true to real life. Three siblings spend the day building sandcastles and watching them get destroyed by a flying hat. “To me it’s a celebration of childhood and the simple joys of life. These are the things I like to capture,” said Leng.
Leng spent part of her childhood in France, and she was inspired by European comic books. “What I love to do when I illustrate a picture book is add side stories to the main storyline. I always think about the readers and the longevity of the book, and I want them to be able to discover something new every time they revisit the book,” Leng explained.
At the end of the day, the sleepy-eyed kids pile into the bus that will take them home. “Those last pages are some of my favorite. They capture that feeling like at the end of the day on the beach, when it’s getting dark and you feel completely exhausted,” Lawson said. It must be a universal childhood feeling: happy with sand, sticky from the salt, hot from the sun, and ready to fall asleep the moment you get into the car.
4. Why does Lawson mention the scene where the kids built sandcastles
A. To suggest a way to enjoy leisure. B. To remind readers of the childhood.
C. To convince us of how life works. D. To tell us the inspiration for his book.
5. What do you know about the two books mentioned
A. They are purchased by kids universally. B. Readers can only find pictures in them.
C. They carry no elements of comic books. D. The stories are literally works of fantasy.
6. How does Lawson feel when telling us the last pages in the last paragraph
A. Relieved. B. Pleased. C. Disturbed. D. Exhausted.
7. What can be a suitable title for the passage
A. Childhood in sandcastles B. Beautiful childhood memories
C. Popular illustrated books D. Explore the mystery of nature
【答案】4. D 5. B 6. B 7. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了Lawson创作无字绘本《A Day for Sandcastles》的灵感来源，以及他和插画师冷琴对该绘本的评价。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中的“ But they found it more exciting to build right where the waves hit, seeing their sandcastles get destroyed, and then rebuilding them with whatever debris washed up from the ocean. “It seemed so symbolic, somehow, of how life works more than just building your perfect sandcastles,” said Lawson. When he decided to turn that sunny day into a children’s book, the idea came to just use pictures.(但他们发现在海浪袭来的地方建造更令人兴奋，看着他们的沙堡被摧毁，然后用从海洋冲上来的任何碎片重建它们。劳森说:“从某种程度上说，这似乎很有象征意义，说明生活不仅仅是建造完美的沙堡。”当他决定把那个阳光明媚的日子写成一本儿童读物时，他想到了只用图片。)”可推测出，孩子们建造沙煲的场景是他写书的灵感来源。故选D。
5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中的“A Day for Sandcastles is illustrated by Qin Leng. It’s the second wordless picture book for Lawson and Leng since 2021’s Over the Shop. (《A Day for Sandcastles》由冷琴插图。这是自2021年的《Over the Shop》以来，Lawson和冷的第二本无字绘本。)”可知，这两本书都是无字绘本，读者只能在里面找到图片。故选B。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“‘Those last pages are some of my favorite. They capture that feeling like at the end of the day on the beach, when it’s getting dark and you feel completely exhausted,’ Lawson said. It must be a universal childhood feeling: happy with sand, sticky from the salt, hot from the sun, and ready to fall asleep the moment you get into the car.(Lawson说：‘最后几页是我最喜欢的。它们捕捉到了一天结束时在海滩上的感觉，天快黑了，你会感到筋疲力尽。’这一定是一种普遍的童年感觉：玩沙子玩得很开心，海水的盐让身体黏呼呼，太阳烤的人燥热，一上车就昏昏欲睡。)”可推测出，Lawson描述了孩子们玩了一天沙子后的场景，这是童年美好的回忆，他在讲述这最后几页的内容时内心是充满快乐的。故选B。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文可知，第一、二段讲述了十年前带着孩子们在沙滩上建城堡的场景是Lawson创作书的灵感来源；第三、四、五段描写了插画师冷琴和Lawson对书的评价。全文围绕《A Day for Sandcastles》展开，这是一本描述孩子们在沙滩上建造城堡的无字绘本，再根据第三段中的“To me it’s a celebration of childhood and the simple joys of life.(对我来说，这是对童年和简单生活乐趣的庆祝。)”可知，A项“沙滩城堡里的童年”最适合作本文标题。故选A。
C
The words “caring” and “empathetic” (共情的) aren’t ones normally associated with technology. Yearsley, an Australian enterpriser who is expert in artificial intelligence (AI), is trying to change that.
Yearsley is the founder of Akin, a robotics startup that currently uses a tablet-based system to help users manage the tasks related to home life, whether that’s planning meals or reminding you to pay your cell phone bill. Current home devices made by Google or Amazon or Apple use predictive AI to track patterns, strengthen behaviors and manipulate (操控) buying decisions, some of which, she assumes, are questionable or just unhealthy.
In contrast, the AI that she is developing will be designed to run the human home, encouraging healthful decisions such as taking a nightly walk, refilling the fridge and supporting social interactions like lunches or birthday celebrations with friends. “It’s the hardest AI I have ever built for it’s a complex system,” Yearsley says.
Yearsley began developing the Akin technology in 2017, when she realized the need to better manage the home is hugely ignored. Besides, she realized that women unequally bear the burden of household work. A United Nations’ report estimates that women do2.6 times the amount of unpaid care and domestic work that men do, or close to 30 hours per week in the U. S. alone.
While Yearsley pictures an army of robots someday helping with routine homemade tasks, the first display for Akin will take time and money. Akin has received some early seed money from a handful of investors, and was recently selected as a finalist for tech giant LG Nova’s Mission for the Future program, an annual challenge that seeks to identify businesses having potential to improve life and lead society into the future.
8. What might the Akin’s AI system suggest
A. Consuming more drinks to enjoy yourself. B. Staying up late working to make more money.
C. Spending more time staying with your family. D. Purchasing products that may attract you.
9. What made Yearsley develop the Akin’s AI system
A. The high cost of current home devices. B. Akin’s becoming a finalist for a program.
C. Financial support from investors. D. Heavy burden of housewives.
10. What can be used to describe the Akin’s AI system
A. Questionable and unhealthy. B. Unstable and insecure.
C. Thoughtful and innovative. D. Mature and ideal.
11. What’s the purpose of the text
A. To introduce a futuristic AI system. B. To compare two companies’ AI systems.
C. To call on people to care about housewives. D. To seek support for an AI expert.
【答案】8. C 9. D 10. C 11. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了Akin公司的一套未来人工智能系统。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“In contrast, the AI that she is developing will be designed to run the human home, encouraging healthful decisions such as taking a nightly walk, refilling the fridge and supporting social interactions like lunches or birthday celebrations with friends.(相比之下，她正在开发的人工智能将被设计为管理人类的家庭，鼓励健康的决定，比如晚上散步，给冰箱加满食物，支持与朋友共进午餐或庆祝生日等社交互动)”可知Akin的人工智能系统支持与家人一起度过更多时间。故选C。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“Yearsley began developing the Akin technology in 2017, when she realized .the need to better manage the home is hugely ignored. Besides, she realized that women unequally bear the burden of household work.(Yearsley在2017年开始开发Akin技术，当时她意识到更好地管理家庭的需求被严重忽视。此外，她意识到女性承担家务的负担是不平等的)”可知，Yearsley的AI系统研发的因素之一就是家庭主妇和照顾者的沉重负担。故选D。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“Current home devices made by Google or Amazon or Apple use predictive AI to track patterns, strengthen behaviors and manipulate (操控) buying decisions, some of which, she assumes, are questionable or just unhealthy.(目前由谷歌、亚马逊或苹果生产的家用设备使用预测性人工智能来跟踪模式、强化行为并操控购买决策。其中有一些，她认为，是有问题的或者不健康的)”和第三段的“In contrast, the Al that she is developing will be designed to run the human home, encouraging healthful decisions such as taking a nightly walk, refilling the fridge and supporting social interactions like lunches or birthday celebrations with friends.(相比之下，她正在开发的人工智能将被设计为管理人类的家庭，鼓励健康的决定，比如晚上散步，给冰箱加满食物，支持与朋友共进午餐或庆祝生日等社交互动。)”可知，Akin公司的人工智能系统是考虑周到的且新颖的。故选C。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Akin has received some early seed money from a handful of investors, and was recently selected as a finalist for tech giant LG Nova’s Mission for the Future program, an annual challenge that seeks to identify businesses having potential to improve life and lead society into the future.( Akin已经从一些投资者那里获得了一些早期种子资金，最近还入选了科技巨头LG Nova的“未来使命”项目的决赛名单，该项目是一个年度挑战，旨在寻找有潜力改善生活、引领社会走向未来的企业)”并结合全文可知，本文的目的是介绍Akin公司的一套未来人工智能系统。故选A。
D
The Amazon rainforest, is as undisturbed a place as most people can imagine, but even there, the effects of a changing climate are playing out. Now, research suggests that many of the region’s most sensitive bird species are starting to evolve in response to warming.
Birds are often considered sentinel (哨兵) species —meaning that they indicate the overall health of an ecosystem — so scientists are particularly interested in how they’re responding to climate change. In general, the news has not been good. For instance, a2019 report by the National Audubon Society found that more than two-thirds of North America’s bird species will be in danger of extinction by 2100 if warming trends continue on their current course.
For the new study, researchers collected the biggest data set so far on the Amazon’s resident birds, representing 77 non-migratory species and lasting the 40 years from 1979to 2019. During the study period, the average temperature in the region rose, while the amount of rainfall declined, making for a hotter, dryer climate overall. According to the report on November 12 in the journal Science Advances, 36 species have lost substantial weight, as much as 2 percent of their body weight per decade since 1980. Meanwhile, all the species showed some decrease in average body mass, while a third grew longer wings.
Because of the study’s long time series and large sample sizes, the authors were able to show the morphological (形态学的) effects of climate change on resident birds. However, the researchers themselves are unsure and wonder what advantage the wing length changes give the birds, but suppose smaller birds may have an easier time keeping cool. In general, smaller animals have a larger rate of surface area to body size, so they dissipate more heat faster than a bigger animal. Less available food, such as fruit or insects, in dryer weather might lead to smaller body size.
12. Why are scientists fond of doing research on birds
A. They have small body sizes. B. They are sensitive to hot weather.
C. They live in an undisturbed rainforest. D. They are ecological balance indicators.
13. What can we learn from the new study
A. A third of species have been extinct for a decade.
B. 36 species lost 2% of their body weight every year.
C. Two-thirds of species showed a considerable decrease in weight.
D. About 26 species responded to climate change with longer wings.
14. What does the underlined word “dissipate” in the last paragraph mean
A. Put off. B. Give off. C. Put away. D. Give away.
15. What would probably the researchers further study
A. Why it is easier for smaller animals to keep cool.
B. What effects the wing length changes have on birds.
C. Why the Amazonian birds have lost substantial weight.
D. Whether bird species in North America will be extinct in 2100.
【答案】12. D 13. D 14. B 15. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了气候变化如何影响亚马逊的留鸟及其进化。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Birds are often considered sentinel (哨兵) species —meaning that they indicate the overall health of an ecosystem — so scientists are particularly interested in how they’re responding to climate change.(鸟常被认为是物种的哨兵，指的是它们能暗示生态系统的整体健康，因此科学家关注它们对气候变化的反应)”可知，科学家喜欢研究鸟是因为鸟是生态系统平衡的暗示者。故选D。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“For the new study, researchers collected the biggest data set so far on the Amazon’s resident birds, representing 77 non-migratory species and lasting the 40 years from 1979 to 2019.(在这项新研究中，研究人员收集了迄今为止关于亚马逊留鸟的最大数据集，代表了77种非候鸟，持续从1979年到2019年的40年)”以及“Meanwhile, all the species showed some decrease in average body mass, while a third grew longer wings.(同时，所有物种的平均体重都有所下降，而三分之一的物种的翅膀变长了)”可知，在研究的77种不迁移的鸟类中，1/3的鸟长着较长的翅膀。所以，大约26种鸟类长着较长的翅膀来应对气候变化。故选D。
【14题详解】
词句猜测题。根据最后一段“However, the researchers themselves are unsure and wonder what advantage the wing length changes give the birds, but suppose smaller birds may have an easier time keeping cool. In general, smaller animals have a larger rate of surface area to body size, (然而，研究人员自己也不确定，他们想知道翅膀长度的变化给鸟类带来了什么好处，但假设体型较小的鸟类可能更容易保持凉爽。一般来说，较小的动物有较大的表面积与身体大小的比率)”可知，较小动物的表面积相对于自身整体而言较大，因此散发热量就容易，dissipate的意思是“散发”，与Give off（散发）的词义一致。A. Put off 推迟；B. Give off 散发；C. Put away收起；D. Give away分发。故选B。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“However, the researchers themselves are unsure and wonder what advantage the wing length changes give the birds, but suppose smaller birds may have an easier time keeping cool.(然而，研究人员自己也不确定，他们想知道翅膀长度的变化给鸟类带来了什么好处，但假设体型较小的鸟类可能更容易保持凉爽)”可知，研究者将进一步研究鸟的翅膀长度变化对鸟有什么影响。故选B。
第二节（共5小题：每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Critical (批判的) thinking is the art of using reason to analyze ideas and dig deeper to get to our true potential. It doesn’t mean you’re thinking harder or longer. ____16____ Here are some tips and ideas to help you build a foundation for critical thinking.
Question your assumptions. We make a lot of assumptions about almost everything. It’s how our brain processes certain pieces of information, and how we get along in everyday life. You could say they are the foundation of our critical framework. ____17____ Then the whole foundation needs to be rebuilt, from the bottom up.
Don’t take information on authority until you've investigated it yourself. Instead of double-checking everything anyone says, we tend to label information as either coming from a trustworthy or not trustworthy source. This keeps us from double-checking every piece of information that comes our way, saving time and energy. But it also keeps us from getting to the bottom of things we think of as coming from a trustworthy source, even when they don’t. ___18___
Put yourself in other people’s shoes. Empathy can also help you develop your critical thinking skills. ____19____ You may find that a little understanding facilitates a deeper insight into other people and their behavior. The deeper your insight into yourself and others, the wiser your decisions will be.
___20___ There is no way to learn better than learning from your friends. If you only want to be a big fish swimming in the little pond just because your ego (自负) feels good, keep this part. If you are wondering about how to develop critical skills, make friends with smart people and throw away your ego.
A. Actually, it’s about thinking better.
B. Surround yourself with people smarter than you.
C. Be someone that people know that they can count on.
D. You should not judge others until you fully understand their situation.
E. But what if they turned out to be wrong, or at least not entirely truthful
F. The reason is that understanding does not always go with the right action.
G. So what is published in a magazine or online doesn’t mean it’s necessarily true.
【答案】16. A 17. E 18. G 19. D 20. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。批判性思维是一种运用理性分析思想、深入挖掘以达到真正潜能艺术。这是更好地思考。文中介绍了一些帮助你建立批判性思维基础的技巧和想法：勇于质疑、会移情，为他人着想、与聪明的人相处等。
【16题详解】
本段是对批判性思维的定义。根据空前“It doesn’t mean you’re thinking harder or longer.(这并不是你思考的更久或更长)”可知，批判性思维并不是你思考的更久或更长，空处应是接着进行解释“而是……”，选项A“实际上，它是关于更好地思考”符合语境，“不是……而是……”是一种常用的解释，故选A项。
【17题详解】
根据空后“Then the whole foundation needs to be rebuilt, from the bottom up.(那么整个基础就需要自下而上重建)”可推断，需要重建说明假设是错误的，分析选项，E项“但是如果它们被证明是错误的，或者至少不是完全真实的呢？”符合语境，与后面的整个基础就需要重建是互为条件。故选E项。
【18题详解】
根据本段首句“Don’t take information on authority until you've investigated it yourself.(在你自己调查之前，不要轻信权威人士的信息)”及空前一句“But it also keeps us from getting to the bottom of things we think of as coming from a trustworthy source, even when they don’t.(但它也使我们无法弄清我们认为来自可靠来源的事情的真相，即使事实并非如此)”可知，本段主要讲不要轻信权威，我们认为来自权威来源的信息有时事实并非如此，分析选项可知，G项“所以杂志或网络上发表的内容并不意味着这是真的”符合语境，因为杂志上发表的东西相对是权威性的。故选G项。
【19题详解】
根据本段主题句“Put yourself in other people’s shoes.(设身处地为别人着想)”可知，本段主要讲述要设身处地为别人着想，结合空后“You may find that a little understanding facilitates a deeper insight into other people and their behavior.(你可能会发现，些许的理解有助于更深入地了解他人及其行为)”可知，D项“不理解别人时不要评价别人”与此处语义一致，D项选中的动词understand与空后的名词understanding呼应。故选D项。
【20题详解】
空处是本段主题句，根据本段最后一句“If you are wondering about how to develop critical skills, make friends with smart people and throw away your ego.(如果你想知道如何培养关键技能，和聪明的人交朋友，抛弃你的自负)”可知，本段主要讲要与聪明的人在一起，分析选项可知B项“和比你更聪明的在一起”符合题意。故选B项。
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
A little girl was enjoying the beautiful garden in her home. Her father had a good collection of rare and prized plants, which he ____21____ with great care.
The girl was ____22____ by a plant full of delicate flowers. She approached it and admired its striking beauty. Suddenly she ____23____ that the plant was in a pile of filth (污秽). She could not tolerate the ____24____ of dirt with such fantastic flowers.
She worked out a plan to clean the plant. She ____25____ the plant with all her might from the dirt and washed its ____26____ in running tap water till all traces of dirt were washed away. She then placed the plant on a clean stone and went away, proud that she had done a great ____27____.
Later her father came to the garden and spotted the uprooted plant, which had lain ____28____ in the baking sun. His little daughter ran over to ____29____ her achievement. “I have cleaned it, Daddy,” she reported _____30_____
The father showed her how her treatment had nearly killed the plant and told her that the filthy soil was the best _____31_____ to grow that plant. Hearing that, the girl felt guilty that the plant had suffered by her cleaning.
A great gardener mixes the _____32_____ soil for each plant. _____33_____, God provides each of us with the best _____34_____ required for optimum (最佳) spiritual growth. But it may appear to be _____35_____ and we may even complain to God about our difficulty.
21. A. weeded out B. brought up C. attended to D. fed on
22. A. frightened B. attracted C. attacked D. shocked
23. A. recalled B. noted C. recognized D. concluded
24. A. formation B. presentation C. presence D. composition
25. A. held B. picked C. pulled D. pushed
26. A. flowers B. branches C. leaves D. roots
27 A. deed B. deal C. operation D. project
28. A. burning B. bathing C. breathing D. dying
29. A. confirm B. exhibit C. evaluate D. celebrate
30. A. innocently B. distantly C. decisively D. thoughtlessly
31. A. shelter B. medicine C. medium D. venue
32. A. right B. same C. dirty D. loose
33. A. Moreover B. Likewise C. Rather D. Nevertheless
34. A. environment B. mode C. neighbourhood D. opportunity
35. A. invisible B. disorganized C. proper D. unpleasant
【答案】21. C 22. B 23. B 24. C 25. C 26. D 27. A 28. D 29. B 30. A 31. C 32. A 33. B 34. A 35. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过讲述一个小女孩和她的父亲养护植物的故事，揭示了每个人都有其最适合的成长环境，即使这个环境在别人看来可能并不理想。
【21题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：她的父亲有一些稀有且珍贵的植物，他非常小心地照料着。A. weeded out除去；B. brought up抚养；C. attended to照料；D. fed on以……为食。根据“Her father had a good collection of rare and prized plants”以及“with great care”可知，这里是说父亲照料这些植物，所以选C。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：小女孩被一株满是精致花朵的植物吸引了。A. frightened吓到；B. attracted吸引；C. attacked攻击；D. shocked震惊。根据“She approached it and admired its striking beauty.”可知，这里是说小女孩被这株植物吸引，所以选B。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她突然注意到这株植物在一堆污秽之中。A. recalled回忆起；B. noted注意到；C. recognized认出；D. concluded得出结论。根据上文的动作approached和admired以及下文的“the plant was in a pile of filth”可知，小女孩在欣赏花朵的时候突然注意到了周围的污秽，所以选B。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她无法忍受这么美丽的花朵与污秽的存在。A. formation形成；B. presentation展示；C. presence存在；D. composition构成。根据“the plant was in a pile of filth”以及“She could not tolerate the 4 of dirt with such fantastic flowers.”可知，小女孩无法忍受美丽的花朵与污秽共存，所以选C。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她用尽全力把植物从泥土中拔出来，用流动的自来水冲洗它的根部，直到洗去所有的污垢。A. held握住；B. picked挑选；C. pulled拔出；D. pushed推。根据“with all her might from the dirt”以及第四段中的“the uprooted plant”可知，小女孩是在用力拔出这株植物，所以选C。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. flowers花朵；B. branches树枝；C. leaves叶子；D. roots根部。根据“the plant was in a pile of filth”以及“washed its 6 in running tap water till all traces of dirt were washed away”并结合常识可知，小女孩是在洗涤植物的根部，所以选D。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后她把植物放在一块干净的石头上，然后走开了，为自己做了一件伟大的事感到自豪。A. deed事情、行为；B. deal交易；C. operation操作；D. project项目。根据女孩的一系列动作以及“proud that she had done a great 7 ”可知，小女孩为自己做了一件伟大的事感到自豪，所以选A。
【28题详解】
考查动名词/形容词词义辨析。句意：后来她的父亲来到花园，发现了那株在烈日下濒临死亡的植物。A. burning燃烧；B. bathing沐浴；C. breathing呼吸；D. dying濒临死亡、垂死的。根据 “the uprooted plant, which had lain 8 in the baking sun”以及后文的“her treatment had nearly killed the plant”并结合常识可知，那株植物在烈日下濒临死亡，所以选D。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他的小女儿跑过来展示她的成就。A. confirm证实；B. exhibit展示；C. evaluate评估；D. celebrate庆祝。根据“proud that she had done a great 7 ”可知，小女孩对自己的行为颇为得意，见到父亲连忙跑过去展示自己的成就，所以选B。
【30题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：她天真地报告说：“我已经把它清理干净了，爸爸。” A. innocently天真地；B. distantly遥远地；C. decisively果断地；D. thoughtlessly轻率地。根据上文女孩拔根洗根的事可知，女孩天真地认为自己做了一件好事，所以选A。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：父亲向她展示了她的处理方式几乎杀死了植物，并告诉她那堆肮脏的土壤是种植那株植物的最好介质。A. shelter庇护所；B. medicine药物；C. medium介质，培养基，环境；D. venue场所。根据“the filthy soil”以及“grow that plant”可知，土壤是种植植物的介质，所以选C。
【32题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一个伟大的园丁为每一株植物配制正确的土壤。A. right正确的；B. same相同的；C. dirty肮脏的；D. loose松散的。根据“A great gardener mixes the 12 soil for each plant.”以及下文的best和optimum可知，园丁为每种植物配制合适的土壤，以使其最好地生长，所以选A。
【33题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：同样，上帝为我们每个人提供了精神成长所需的最佳环境。A. Moreover而且；B. Likewise同样；C. Rather相反；D. Nevertheless然而。根据上文植物生长的道理以及下文“God provides each of us with the best 14 required for optimum (最佳) spiritual growth”可知，两者情况是类似的，所以选B。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. environment环境；B. mode模式；C. neighbourhood邻居；D. opportunity机会。根据文中植物与人的类比，结合“for optimum (最佳) spiritual growth”可知，土壤之于植物，正如环境之于人类。所以选A。
【35题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但这可能看起来并不愉快，我们甚至可能会向上帝抱怨我们的困难。A. invisible看不见的；B. disorganized混乱的；C. proper适当的；D. unpleasant不愉快的。根据“we may even complain to God about our difficulty”可知，这里是说这个环境可能看起来并不愉快，所以选D。
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China Before China, ____36____ eight-episode documentary that tells stories of the origins and early development of Chinese civilization based on archaeological findings, is airing now.
The documentary ____37____ (start) from the Qin and Han dynasties and then traces key points at the dawn of Chinese civilization. The overall narration of the work remains clear, logical and ____38____ (accurate) conveys the sites and relics. “____39____ we want to explore are the characteristics of Chinese civilization and its spirit transmitted through our blood, from which we can trace the cultural genes that make us the Chinese people,” says Jin Ruiguo, chief supervisor of the documentary.
The crew spent months ____40____ (examine) archeological reports and articles. For instance, they explored the ____41____ (symbol) meaning of dragon through dragon-shaped artefacts. To make this brief history of early Chinese civilization work, the production team filmed 230 domestic sites and museums, and these video clips will also be screened at 18-museums ____42____ (involve). Based on the information, they used digital technology ____43____ (bring)-ancient architecture and cities back to life, and invited actors to re-create scenes of daily life. All of this provides the audience ____44____ a direct and visual idea of the long past. It vividly illustrates the process of historical development, which is the ultimate goal of historical research and archaeological ______45______ (explore).
【答案】36. an 37. starts
38. accurately
39. What 40. examining
41. symbolic
42. involved
43. to bring
44. with 45. exploration
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了《何以中国》这部纪录片的详细信息。
【36题详解】
考查冠词。句意：《何以中国》是一部八集的纪录片，以考古发现为基础，讲述了中国文明的起源和早期发展。documentary为可数名词，此处表示泛指，且eight-episode发音以元音音素开头，需用不定冠词an修饰。故填an。
【37题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：这部纪录片从秦汉时期开始，追溯了中国文明初期的一些关键点。空处和traces是并列的谓语，使用一般现在时，主语为The documentary，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填starts。
【38题详解】
考查副词。句意：作品整体叙事清晰，逻辑清晰，准确地传达了遗址和文物。修饰动词conveys需用副词accurately，作状语。故填accurately。
【39题详解】
考查主语从句。句意：该纪录片的总导演金瑞国表示：“我们想要探索的是通过我们的血液传播的中华文明的特征和精神，从中我们可以追踪到使我们成为中国人的文化基因。” 空处引导主语从句，从句缺少宾语，指物，需用连接代词what引导，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填What。
【40题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：工作人员花了几个月的时间研究考古报告和文章。sb. spend time (in) doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“做某事花费某人时间”，空处需填动名词examining，作宾语。故填examining。
【41题详解】
考查形容词。句意：例如，他们通过龙形工艺品探索龙的象征意义。修饰名词meaning需用形容词symbolic，作定语。故填symbolic。
【42题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：为了使这部关于中国早期文明的简史能够发挥作用，制作团队拍摄了230个国内遗址和博物馆，这些视频片段也将在18个相关博物馆放映。空处修饰18-museums，作后置定语，involve和18-museums为被动关系，需填过去分词形式。故填involved。
【43题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：基于这些信息，他们利用数字技术还原了古代建筑和城市，并邀请演员重新创造了日常生活场景。use sth. to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“用某物做某事”，空处需填动词不定式作宾语补足语。故填to bring。
【44题详解】
考查介词。句意：所有这些都为观众提供了一个直接而直观的关于过去的想法。provide sb. with sth.为固定搭配，意为“提供某人某物”。故填with。
【45题详解】
考查名词。句意：它生动地说明了历史发展的过程，这是历史研究和考古探索的最终目的。空处和research并列，需填名词exploration，表抽象概念，不可数。故填exploration。
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
46. 假定你是李华，你收到了英国朋友Mike寄来的英文诗歌选集。请给他写一封邮件，内容包括：
1.表示感谢;
2.回赠礼物;
3.你的祝愿。
注意：
1.写作词数应为80左右;
2.请在答题卡的相应位置作答。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Dear Mike,
I’ m glad to receive the book A Collection of English Poems. Thank you for such a lovely gift as I have been expecting for a long time.
I know you are interested in traditional Chinese culture, especially Beijing opera, and therefore I will send a Beijing opera facial makeup to you. Different types of facial makeup are based on certain personality, temperament or some special types of figures for the use of certain colors. I hope you will like the facial makeup.
Expecting you to come to China and experience the rich culture in person.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇作文属于应用文。要求考生给英国朋友Mike一封邮件，感谢他寄来的英文诗歌选集。其信件内容包括表示感谢、回赠礼物以及你的祝愿。
【详解】1.词汇积累
高兴：glad→ delighted
不同的：different→various
喜欢： like→be fond of
亲自地：in person→personally
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：I’m glad to receive the book A Collection of English Poems.
拓展句： I’m glad that I have received the book A Collection of English Poems.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Thank you for such a lovely gift as I have been expecting for a long time.（运用了as引导的定语从句）
【高分句型2】I hope you will like the facial makeup.（运用了省略that的宾语从句）
第二节（满分25分）
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
When Dr. Henderson was assigning (指定) project partner for his psychology (心理学) class, I secretly hoped that he would pair me with my best friend or at least a classmate I could have some fun with. Above all, I hoped he wouldn’t assign me to work with the fiercely competitive and extremely serious fellow who always wore dark clothes and apparently had a personality to match. As fate (命运) would have it, Dr. Henderson very designedly matched everyone in class and announced that I would be working with the one person in class I wanted to avoid.
I went up to my new teammate and introduced myself. He looked at me as though I weren’t there. I felt he treated me as though I would hold him back and probably make him fail to get an A in the course. He wasn’t mean or rude but he just gave me the impression that he could do whatever project we dreamed up better if he did it alone.
Needless to say, I didn’t look forward to being looked down upon so I tried to make the best of it and didn’t say anything for fear that I would make things worse.
The project required each team to develop a hypothesis (假说), set up an experiment to test the hypothesis, analyze the data and present the findings. Whatever grade the team received would be shared by both students.
When my teammate and I met to discuss our project, I was uneasy. Here was this challenging student who had been known for single-mindedness and good grades — the exact opposite of me. I actually wanted to drop the class at one point, but stopped short because I didn’t want to give him the satisfaction of my chickening out (临阵脱逃) . I decided to stick to it no matter what.
After long discussions we somehow agreed to do a study on the psychological well-being (健康) of teenagers. I wasn’t sure what it meant exactly, but at least we had a topic.
注意：1. 续写词数应150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
We started to meet regularly to draw up our plans.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
One day I got word that he was admitted to hospital (住院) for a serious disease.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】 We started to meet regularly to draw up our panion as I was in the project, I still had no sense of participating in the project. My teammate kept his brain occupied in developing the hypothesis, setting up an experiment to test it, and running the tests alone, leaving me just standing beside him as if I were a fool. “What a dull project it is!” I murmured to myself. However, something changed gradually, as I became aware what the tactile-kinesthetic perception of space meant. Thanks to the intense, fiercely competitive, singularly serious fellow, the whole procedure went smoothly, close to the final stage.
One day I got word that he was admitted to hospital (住院) for a serious disease. Without any delay, I packed up my school bag, took all the experiment statistics and rushed to the hospital. Seeing the pale fellow wearing pure white clothes instead of the annoying dark clothes, I felt a sense of sympathy and mercy welling up in my heart. With his guidance, I finished the statistical analysis and presented the findings. It turned out to be such an amazing and persuasive study that my teammate and I did win the best grade. Now, we have been most reliable cooperative partners ever since!
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了在一次心理学课程任务中，老师把作者与他最想避开的很有个性的学霸变成了搭档，两人不得不在任务中相互磨合，而作者在任务中也渐入佳境，但是搭档突然住院，在搭档的指导下，作者圆满完成了任务，两人也成为最值得信赖的搭档。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“我们开始定期开会制定计划”可知，第一段可描写作者与搭档的磨合，搭档顾自做任务时作者插不上手，但是作者没有退缩，跟着搭档，作者弄明白了他们所进行的任务，也能帮忙了。
②由第二段首句内容“有一天我听说他得了重病住进了医院”可知，第二段可描写作者在搭档缺席的情况下，由搭档指导，完美完成任务，并于搭档成为好朋友。
2.续写线索：制定计划——看搭档独自做任务——明白任务——任务将近尾声——得知搭档住院——看望搭档——接受指导完成任务——成为最值得信赖的搭档
3.词汇激活
行为类
①忙着做某事：be occupied in doing sth./be busy doing sth.
②冲向：rush to/dash to
③完成： finish/accomplish
情绪类
①令人恼怒：annoying/distressing
②令人惊讶的：amazing/astonishing
【点睛】[高分句型1]Companion as I was in the project, I still had no sense of participating in the project.（由as引导的让步状语从句的倒装）
[高分句型2] However, something changed gradually, as I became aware what the tactile-kinesthetic perception of space meant.（由as引导时间状语从句和what引导宾语从句）
[高分句型3]It turned out to be such an amazing and persuasive study that my teammate and I did win the best grade.（由such…that引导结果状语从句）濮阳市一高2022级高二下学期期中质量检测
英语试题
（时间：120分钟 满分：150分）
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）（略）
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
The United Kingdom is a land of natural beauty and history, with many of its finest attractions discovered through hiking. Now, dust off your boots, plan according to the following routes presented by a survey of senior hikers and an incredible experience will wait for you.
Wales Coastal Path
Wales is the only country in the world that has an official walking path covering its whole borders. The Wales Coastal Path is a footpath stretching 870 miles from Chester to Chepstow. Walking the whole thing might be demanding, but there are plenty of stretches that can be enjoyed over a day or two.
Southwest Coast Path
You need a fair amount of annual leave, a casual 52 days or so, to undertake this in one go. The route runs from Somerset all the way to Dorset, via rugged cliffs, cute fishing villages and surfing spots along the coastline. You can surely jump on to any point as you like, but you can't afford to miss all the pubs full of jokes and laughter on the way!
Coast to Coast Walk
This long-distance trail isn’t official, but popular in the country, taking hikers from the Irish Sea to the North Sea as it rolls into historic Robin Hood’s Bay in Yorkshire. Following local footpaths, the route takes you through three UK National Parks: the Lakes, the Yorkshire Dales and the North York Moors.
Cleveland Way
You’ll want nine days to folly complete this hike, which explores both the North York Moors and the county’s world-famous coastline. Just make sure you allow enough time to properly enjoy spots like Roseberry Topping hill and pick up a gentle afternoon walk at Whitby’s clifftop church.
1. Who will be more interested in the routes
A. Explorers in the UK. B. Hiking lovers.
C. Nature photographers. D. Field researchers.
2. What is highly recommended about Southwest Coast Path
A. Fishing villages. B. Surfing spots.
C. Local pubs. D. National parks.
3. What do the four routes have in common
A. They include cliffs worth visiting. B. They are official and demanding.
C. They run along the coast. D. They can be completed in a month.
B
About a decade ago, Lawson was at a beach in Virginia watching his kids build castles right next to the waves.
“I kept trying to get them to come back because I thought it was a terrible idea,” he remarked. He wanted them to build their sandcastles closer to the dunes. But they found it more exciting to build right where the waves hit, seeing their sandcastles get destroyed, and then rebuilding them with whatever debris washed up from the ocean. “It seemed so symbolic, somehow, of how life works more than just building your perfect sandcastles,” said Lawson. When he decided to turn that sunny day into a children’s book, the idea came to just use pictures. “It seemed like it would work beautifully without words,” he said.
A Day for Sandcastles is illustrated by Qin Leng. It’s the second wordless picture book for Lawson and Leng since 2021’s Over the Shop. Leng’s illustrations stay pretty true to real life. Three siblings spend the day building sandcastles and watching them get destroyed by a flying hat. “To me it’s a celebration of childhood and the simple joys of life. These are the things I like to capture,” said Leng.
Leng spent part of her childhood in France, and she was inspired by European comic books. “What I love to do when I illustrate a picture book is add side stories to the main storyline. I always think about the readers and the longevity of the book, and I want them to be able to discover something new every time they revisit the book,” Leng explained.
At the end of the day, the sleepy-eyed kids pile into the bus that will take them home. “Those last pages are some of my favorite. They capture that feeling like at the end of the day on the beach, when it’s getting dark and you feel completely exhausted,” Lawson said. It must be a universal childhood feeling: happy with sand, sticky from the salt, hot from the sun, and ready to fall asleep the moment you get into the car.
4. Why does Lawson mention the scene where the kids built sandcastles
A. To suggest a way to enjoy leisure. B. To remind readers of the childhood.
C. To convince us of how life works. D. To tell us the inspiration for his book.
5. What do you know about the two books mentioned
A. They are purchased by kids universally. B. Readers can only find pictures in them.
C. They carry no elements of comic books. D. The stories are literally works of fantasy.
6. How does Lawson feel when telling us the last pages in the last paragraph
A. Relieved. B. Pleased. C. Disturbed. D. Exhausted.
7. What can be a suitable title for the passage
A. Childhood in sandcastles B. Beautiful childhood memories
C. Popular illustrated books D. Explore the mystery of nature
C
The words “caring” and “empathetic” (共情的) aren’t ones normally associated with technology. Yearsley, an Australian enterpriser who is expert in artificial intelligence (AI), is trying to change that.
Yearsley is the founder of Akin, a robotics startup that currently uses a tablet-based system to help users manage the tasks related to home life, whether that’s planning meals or reminding you to pay your cell phone bill. Current home devices made by Google or Amazon or Apple use predictive AI to track patterns, strengthen behaviors and manipulate (操控) buying decisions, some of which, she assumes, are questionable or just unhealthy.
In contrast the AI that she is developing will be designed to run the human home, encouraging healthful decisions such as taking a nightly walk, refilling the fridge and supporting social interactions like lunches or birthday celebrations with friends. “It’s the hardest AI I have ever built for it’s a complex system,” Yearsley says.
Yearsley began developing the Akin technology in 2017, when she realized the need to better manage the home is hugely ignored. Besides, she realized that women unequally bear the burden of household work. A United Nations’ report estimates that women do2.6 times the amount of unpaid care and domestic work that men do, or close to 30 hours per week in the U. S. alone.
While Yearsley pictures an army of robots someday helping with routine homemade tasks, the first display for Akin will take time and money. Akin has received some early seed money from a handful of investors, and was recently selected as a finalist for tech giant LG Nova’s Mission for the Future program, an annual challenge that seeks to identify businesses having potential to improve life and lead society into the future.
8. What might the Akin’s AI system suggest
A. Consuming more drinks to enjoy yourself. B. Staying up late working to make more money.
C. Spending more time staying with your family. D. Purchasing products that may attract you.
9 What made Yearsley develop the Akin’s AI system
A. The high cost of current home devices. B. Akin’s becoming a finalist for a program.
C. Financial support from investors. D. Heavy burden of housewives.
10. What can be used to describe the Akin’s AI system
A. Questionable and unhealthy. B. Unstable and insecure.
C. Thoughtful and innovative. D. Mature and ideal.
11. What’s the purpose of the text
A. To introduce a futuristic AI system. B. To compare two companies’ AI systems.
C. To call on people to care about housewives. D. To seek support for an AI expert.
D
The Amazon rainforest, is as undisturbed a place as most people can imagine, but even there, the effects of a changing climate are playing out. Now, research suggests that many of the region’s most sensitive bird species are starting to evolve in response to warming.
Birds are often considered sentinel (哨兵) species —meaning that they indicate the overall health of an ecosystem — so scientists are particularly interested in how they’re responding to climate change. In general, the news has not been good. For instance, a2019 report by the National Audubon Society found that more than two-thirds of North America’s bird species will be in danger of extinction by 2100 if warming trends continue on their current course.
For the new study, researchers collected the biggest data set so far on the Amazon’s resident birds, representing 77 non-migratory species and lasting the 40 years from 1979to 2019. During the study period, the average temperature in the region rose, while the amount of rainfall declined, making for a hotter, dryer climate overall. According to the report on November 12 in the journal Science Advances, 36 species have lost substantial weight, as much as 2 percent of their body weight per decade since 1980. Meanwhile, all the species showed some decrease in average body mass, while a third grew longer wings.
Because of the study’s long time series and large sample sizes, the authors were able to show the morphological (形态学的) effects of climate change on resident birds. However, the researchers themselves are unsure and wonder what advantage the wing length changes give the birds, but suppose smaller birds may have an easier time keeping cool. In general, smaller animals have a larger rate of surface area to body size, so they dissipate more heat faster than a bigger animal. Less available food, such as fruit or insects, in dryer weather might lead to smaller body size.
12. Why are scientists fond of doing research on birds
A. They have small body sizes. B. They are sensitive to hot weather.
C. They live in an undisturbed rainforest. D. They are ecological balance indicators.
13. What can we learn from the new study
A. A third of species have been extinct for a decade.
B. 36 species lost 2% of their body weight every year.
C. Two-thirds of species showed a considerable decrease in weight.
D. About 26 species responded to climate change with longer wings.
14. What does the underlined word “dissipate” in the last paragraph mean
A. Put off. B. Give off. C. Put away. D. Give away.
15. What would probably the researchers further study
A. Why it is easier for smaller animals to keep cool.
B. What effects the wing length changes have on birds.
C. Why the Amazonian birds have lost substantial weight.
D. Whether bird species in North America will be extinct in 2100.
第二节（共5小题：每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Critical (批判的) thinking is the art of using reason to analyze ideas and dig deeper to get to our true potential. It doesn’t mean you’re thinking harder or longer. ____16____ Here are some tips and ideas to help you build a foundation for critical thinking.
Question your assumptions. We make a lot of assumptions about almost everything. It’s how our brain processes certain pieces of information, and how we get along in everyday life. You could say they are the foundation of our critical framework. ____17____ Then the whole foundation needs to be rebuilt, from the bottom up.
Don’t take information on authority until you've investigated it yourself. Instead of double-checking everything anyone says we tend to label information as either coming from a trustworthy or not trustworthy source. This keeps us from double-checking every piece of information that comes our way, saving time and energy. But it also keeps us from getting to the bottom of things we think of as coming from a trustworthy source, even when they don’t. ___18___
Put yourself in other people’s shoes. Empathy can also help you develop your critical thinking skills. ____19____ You may find that a little understanding facilitates a deeper insight into other people and their behavior. The deeper your insight into yourself and others, the wiser your decisions will be.
___20___ There is no way to learn better than learning from your friends. If you only want to be a big fish swimming in the little pond just because your ego (自负) feels good, keep this part. If you are wondering about how to develop critical skills, make friends with smart people and throw away your ego.
A. Actually, it’s about thinking better.
B. Surround yourself with people smarter than you.
C. Be someone that people know that they can count on.
D. You should not judge others until you fully understand their situation.
E. But what if they turned out to be wrong or at least not entirely truthful
F. The reason is that understanding does not always go with the right action.
G. So what is published in a magazine or online doesn’t mean it’s necessarily true.
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
A little girl was enjoying the beautiful garden in her home. Her father had a good collection of rare and prized plants, which he ____21____ with great care.
The girl was ____22____ by a plant full of delicate flowers. She approached it and admired its striking beauty. Suddenly she ____23____ that the plant was in a pile of filth (污秽). She could not tolerate the ____24____ of dirt with such fantastic flowers.
She worked out a plan to clean the plant. She ____25____ the plant with all her might from the dirt and washed its ____26____ in running tap water till all traces of dirt were washed away. She then placed the plant on a clean stone and went away, proud that she had done a great ____27____.
Later her father came to the garden and spotted the uprooted plant, which had lain ____28____ in the baking sun. His little daughter ran over to ____29____ her achievement. “I have cleaned it, Daddy,” she reported _____30_____
The father showed her how her treatment had nearly killed the plant and told her that the filthy soil was the best _____31_____ to grow that plant. Hearing that, the girl felt guilty that the plant had suffered by her cleaning.
A great gardener mixes the _____32_____ soil for each plant. _____33_____, God provides each of us with the best _____34_____ required for optimum (最佳) spiritual growth. But it may appear to be _____35_____ and we may even complain to God about our difficulty.
21. A. weeded out B. brought up C. attended to D. fed on
22. A. frightened B. attracted C. attacked D. shocked
23. A. recalled B. noted C. recognized D. concluded
24. A. formation B. presentation C. presence D. composition
25. A. held B. picked C. pulled D. pushed
26. A. flowers B. branches C. leaves D. roots
27. A. deed B. deal C. operation D. project
28. A. burning B. bathing C. breathing D. dying
29. A. confirm B. exhibit C. evaluate D. celebrate
30. A. innocently B. distantly C. decisively D. thoughtlessly
31. A. shelter B. medicine C. medium D. venue
32. A. right B. same C. dirty D. loose
33. A. Moreover B. Likewise C. Rather D. Nevertheless
34. A. environment B. mode C. neighbourhood D. opportunity
35. A. invisible B. disorganized C. proper D. unpleasant
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China Before China, ____36____ eight-episode documentary that tells stories of the origins and early development of Chinese civilization based on archaeological findings, is airing now.
The documentary ____37____ (start) from the Qin and Han dynasties and then traces key points at the dawn of Chinese civilization. The overall narration of the work remains clear, logical and ____38____ (accurate) conveys the sites and relics. “____39____ we want to explore are the characteristics of Chinese civilization and its spirit transmitted through our blood, from which we can trace the cultural genes that make us the Chinese people,” says Jin Ruiguo, chief supervisor of the documentary.
The crew spent months ____40____ (examine) archeological reports and articles. For instance, they explored the ____41____ (symbol) meaning of dragon through dragon-shaped artefacts. To make this brief history of early Chinese civilization work, the production team filmed 230 domestic sites and museums, and these video clips will also be screened at 18-museums ____42____ (involve). Based on the information, they used digital technology ____43____ (bring)-ancient architecture and cities back to life, and invited actors to re-create scenes of daily life. All of this provides the audience ____44____ a direct and visual idea of the long past. It vividly illustrates the process of historical development, which is the ultimate goal of historical research and archaeological ______45______ (explore).
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
46. 假定你是李华，你收到了英国朋友Mike寄来的英文诗歌选集。请给他写一封邮件，内容包括：
1.表示感谢;
2.回赠礼物;
3.你的祝愿。
注意：
1.写作词数应为80左右;
2.请在答题卡的相应位置作答。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节（满分25分）
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
When Dr. Henderson was assigning (指定) project partner for his psychology (心理学) class, I secretly hoped that he would pair me with my best friend or at least a classmate I could have some fun with. Above all, I hoped he wouldn’t assign me to work with the fiercely competitive and extremely serious fellow who always wore dark clothes and apparently had a personality to match. As fate (命运) would have it, Dr. Henderson very designedly matched everyone in class and announced that I would be working with the one person in class I wanted to avoid.
I went up to my new teammate and introduced myself. He looked at me as though I weren’t there. I felt he treated me as though I would hold him back and probably make him fail to get an A in the course. He wasn’t mean or rude but he just gave me the impression that he could do whatever project we dreamed up better if he did it alone.
Needless to say, I didn’t look forward to being looked down upon so I tried to make the best of it and didn’t say anything for fear that I would make things worse.
The project required each team to develop a hypothesis (假说), set up an experiment to test the hypothesis, analyze the data and present the findings. Whatever grade the team received would be shared by both students.
When my teammate and I met to discuss our project, I was uneasy. Here was this challenging student who had been known for single-mindedness and good grades — the exact opposite of me. I actually wanted to drop the class at one point, but stopped short because I didn’t want to give him the satisfaction of my chickening out (临阵脱逃) . I decided to stick to it no matter what.
After long discussions we somehow agreed to do a study on the psychological well-being (健康) of teenagers. I wasn’t sure what it meant exactly but at least we had a topic.
注意：1. 续写词数应150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
We started to meet regularly to draw up our plans.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
One day I got word that he was admitted to hospital (住院) for a serious disease.
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