2024年牛津译林版中考英语一轮七年级下册总复习讲义

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2024年牛津译林版中考英语一轮七年级下册总复习讲义

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中考英语一轮总复习教学案
七年级下册(Unit 1~Unit 4)
一、词汇精讲
1.thousand num. 千
课文:four thousand and fiftysix  4,056
拓展:(1)一般20以上100以下的整十数,以ty结尾。如:30=thirty。
(2)20以上的非整数,书写时要在十位和个位之间加连字符。如:25=twentyfive。
(3)百位数以上,书写时要在百位和十位之间加and。如:123=one hundred and twentythree。
(4)一般序数词的构成是在基数词的词尾加上th,而first、second、third是例外。
(5)以ve结尾的基数词变成序数词,ve要变成f,再加th。如:fifth;twelfth。
(6)以ty结尾的基数词变成序数词,y要变成ie,再加th。如:twentieth。
(7)十位数或百位数的基数词变成序数词,只将其个位数上的基数词变为序数词。如:fiftyfifth。
(8)序数词也可以用缩写形式。如:fourth=4th。
我们常用序数词来谈论日期、楼层和位置等等。
(9)当hundred,thousand,million作计数单位被基数词修饰时不能用复数形式;复数形式后+of用来表示不确定数量,hundreds of 成百上千。
This play starts from the fifth of June.
这部剧从六月五日开始上演。
I live on the twelfth floor. 我住在十二层。
2.raise vt. 饲养
课文:Some families raise cows, and others grow wheat.
一些家庭养牛,另一些家庭种植小麦。
拓展:raise a family 养育一个家庭
raise 作动词时,还有“提高;举起”的意思
raise salary 提高工资
raise a question 提出一个问题
辨析:grow, raise, rise
单词 词性 含义
grow vt. &vi. vi.成长;增大;发展;渐渐变得 vt.种植;留(须、发)
raise vt. 饲养;提高;举起;筹集(后接宾语)
rise vi. 渐渐升起;出现;站起来;起床(不及物动词,后不接宾语)
3.hope vt. & vi. 希望,想要
课文:I hope to visit your home some day.
我希望有一天能去你家拜访。
辨析:hope, wish
①hope与wish 两者均表示“希望;想”,后接to do sth.,不可用doing sth.。
②wish+宾语+to do表示命令,hope则无此用法。
③两者都可接that从句,但“hope+that从句”表示“希望”,“wish+that从句”表示“愿望”。
④wish 可接双宾语,表示祝愿,hope则无此用法。
Jim hoped to be a good musician when he grew up.
吉姆长大后想要成为一名出色的音乐家。
At the wedding, she wished the new couple could live a happy life. 婚礼上,她祝愿新人生活幸福美满。
4.across prep. 在……对面;穿过,横过
课文:What can you see across it 你能看到它对面有什么?
拓展:walk across the street 走过这条街
across the library 图书馆对面
across是表示方位的介词,turn left/right;...is on your left/right;Go/Keep straight...等都是用来指明方向的。
拓展:at, in, on, above, below, over, under, behind, in front of, in the front of
方位介词 意思 注意
at 在……处 一般指较小的比较具体的点
in 在……处 相对于at,常用于较大的点;也作“在……内/里”,表示含有空间感的范围或物体内
on 在……上 表示“在某物的上面”,且两者互相接触
above 在……上方 表示“高于某物”,不是垂直的
below 在……下方 表示“低于某物”,不是垂直的
over 在……上方 在垂直正上方,不接触表面
under 在……下方 在垂直正下方,不接触表面
behind 在……后面 与in front of相反
in front of 在……前面 是在某物外部的前面
in the
front of 在……前面 在某物内部的前面
  He would like to stay at home rather than see a movie. 他宁愿宅在家里也不愿意出去看电影。
She casually put her ring on the table in the kitchen, and couldn't find it.
她随手将戒指放到厨房的桌子上,然后就找不到了。
The garage is behind the house. 车库在房子后面。
二、句型突破
1.There is something wrong with my computer.
我的电脑出故障了。
点津:句型“There is something wrong with sth.”相当于“Something does not work well.”,表示“某物坏了”。此句意还可以用“Something is broken.”表达。
There is something wrong with his bicycle.
他的自行车坏了。
2.Why not visit our local theatre and enjoy Beijing opera
为什么不去我们本地的剧院欣赏京剧呢?
点津:Why not... 常用于向他人提出建议,相当于Why don't you... 另外,表示建议的句型还有What about doing...?/How about doing...?/Shall we do...?/Let's do...。
How/What about going to the zoo by underground
我们坐地铁去动物园怎么样?
三、语法荟萃
1.一般将来时
课文:I'm going to visit our new neighbours.
点津:本句表示一般将来时。be going to+动词原形“将要去做……”,表示①事先打算,有意图要发生的动作;②客观情况下,有迹象要发生的动作。
will/shall+动词原形,表示①说话人知道或认为将会发生的事;②说话人说话时临时所做的决定。否定句直接在will/shall后+not,其缩写形式分别是won't和shan't;一般疑问句直接把shall/will提前至句首;will在陈述句中可用于各个人称,在征求意见时常用于第二人称;当主语为第一人称时,通常用shall表示征求意见或建议。
They will fly to France for business the day after tomorrow. 他们后天将飞往法国出差。
2.冠词
课文:Go straight on, and you will find the Panda House.
点津:冠词分为定冠词和不定冠词两种。不定冠词a/an常用来表泛指;在第一次提到某人或某物时,如果是可数名词单数,常在其前加不定冠词a/an;定冠词the常表特指,在谈到之前提到过的某人或某物,或特指某人或某物时,常在其前加定冠词the;一般球类运动前不加冠词,乐器前加定冠词。
I have a cup. The cup is a present from my sister.
我有一个杯子。那个杯子是我姐姐送我的礼物。
I often play football after school.
我放学后经常踢足球。
3.名词所有格和物主代词
课文:An old friend of mine is coming to see me, Hobo.
点津:名词所有格、名词性物主代词、形容词性物主代词:
(1)单数名词或姓名的所有格形式是直接在其后面加's。如:the girl's mother。
(2)以s或es结尾的复数名词所有格的形式是在其后加上'。如:the twins' parents。
(3)名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”。如:mine= my+名词等。形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词见下表:
人称
代词
单数 复数
第一
人称 第二
人称 第三
人称 第一
人称 第二
人称 第三
人称
形容
词性
物主
代词 my your his her its our your their
名词
性物
主代
词 mine yours his hers / ours yours theirs
七年级下册(Unit 5~Unit 8)
一、词汇精讲
1.stop vi. & vt. 停止
课文:Our eyes are the same size from birth, but our nose and ears never stop growing.
我们的眼睛从出生开始就一直是同样大小,但是我们的鼻子和耳朵从来没有停止生长。
辨析:stop doing sth.,stop to do sth.
(1)stop doing sth.意为“停止做某事”,指停下正在做的事。
The meeting will begin in 5 minutes. Please stop talking.
会议5分钟后开始,请不要再交谈了。
(2)stop to do sth.意为“停下来(开始)做某事”,指停下正在做的事,开始做另一件事。
The doctor didn't stop to have a lunch, because he was trying his best to save a dying patient.
医生没有停下来吃午饭,因为他正在尽全力抢救一个垂死的病人。
2.happen vi. 发生
课文:“What happened?” Andy asked.
“发生了什么?”安迪问。
拓展:happen to do sth. 碰巧做某事;It happened that+从句;sth. happened to sb.某人身上发生某事
辨析:happen, take place
两者都表示“发生”的意思。happen 指碰巧,具有偶然性;take place指经过安排得以发生。两者都不能用于被动语态。
The story of the film Dangal happened in India.
电影《摔跤吧,爸爸》里面的故事发生在印度。
3.alone adj. 单独,独自
课文:She found herself alone in a long, low hall.
她发现自己一个人在一个长而低的厅里。
辨析:alone,lonely
alone 用作形容词时,意为“单独的”,只作表语,不能用作定语,侧重说明独自一人;用作副词时,意为“单独地;独自地”。
lonely 用作形容词,意为“孤独的”,表示主观上感到孤独、寂寞,有强烈的感彩,指因缺少陪伴而产生的孤独,可用作定语和表语;用作定语时,意为“荒凉的;偏僻的”,多修饰表示地点的名词。
4.a little 少许,一点
课文:Alice opened the bottle and drank a_little.
爱丽丝打开瓶子并且喝了一点。
拓展:a little,little修饰不可数名词。a little表示“一些”,little表示“很少”;a few,few修饰可数名词。a few表示“一些”,few表示“几乎没有”。
The rain is too heavy. There is few people in the street. 雨下的太大了,路上行人寥寥无几。
用little,few相关短语填空
5.lose vt. 迷失;丢失
课文:Last week, a 5yearold boy lost his way and cried in the street. 上周,一个五岁的小男孩迷路了,在大街上哭泣。
拓展:be/get lost 迷路   lose my way 我迷路了
lose a match 输了比赛  lose face 丢脸
lose oneself in sth. 专心于某事
6.agree vi. & vt. 同意;应允
课文:I don't agree. 我不同意。
拓展:agree with sb. about sth. 同意某人某事
agree to do sth.同意做某事
can't agree with sb. any more 非常同意某人的看法
My mother agrees that she will buy me a new bike.
妈妈同意她将给我买一辆新自行车。
二、句型突破
1.Now I'm not afraid of animals any more.
现在我再也不会害怕动物了。
点津:be afraid of (doing) sth. 表示“害怕(做)……”。
I'm afraid of going out alone at night.
我害怕晚上独自出门。
相关的表达还有:
be afraid to do sth.害怕做某事; be afraid + that从句用于引出不好的消息或带有歉意的回绝; I'm afraid not/so. “恐怕(不)是这样。”用来委婉地回答对方的问题。
2.Suddenly, he heard someone shouting“Fire! Fire! Help!”
突然他听见有人在喊“着火了!着火了!救命啊!”
点津:hear somebody doing意为“听见某人正在……”,后一个动词用ing形式强调动作正在进行。有该用法
的动词还有see、watch等。
I saw him walking into the office just now.
我刚刚看见他走进办公室。
The teacher watched her students taking an exam. 老师看着他的学生在考试。
三、语法荟萃
1.一般过去时
课文:Soon Alice was small enough to go through the door, so she decided to enter the garden.
点津:①一般过去时指在过去发生的动作或存在的状态。在一般过去时的句子中,常带有表示过去时间的状语,如just now,yesterday,last night/week/month/year,two days/a week/three years ago,in 1999/2008等。如:
I made the bed just now. 我刚刚把床铺好。
He left for Shanghai last night. 他昨晚去了上海。
动词过去式的变化规则如下:
用法 举例
一般谓语动词后面直接加ed ask—asked
以不发音的e结尾的动词,直接加d arrive—arrived
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,去掉y,再加ied study—studied
以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词,双写最后一个辅音字母,再加ed shop—shopped
动词过去式的不规则变化如下:
不规则变化 举例
保持不变 set—set cut—cut
元音有变化 come—came draw—drew
辅音有变化 lend—lent build—built
元音、辅音均有变化 catch—caught buy—bought
其他 am/is—was are—were
  ②一般过去时的否定句式和疑问句式是:
行为动词一般过去式的否定形式是在行为动词前加did not,缩写形式是didn't,其后的动词为原形。 如:
He did not go there yesterday. 他昨天没有去那里。
be动词一般过去式的否定形式是在was和were后面直接加not。如:
I was not here one hour ago. 一个小时前我不在这里。
由行为动词构成的一般过去时的陈述句改为疑问句,在句首添加助动词did,其后的动词为原形。回答用Yes, 主语+did.或No, 主语+didn't.。如:
—Did you go to the party last night
你昨天晚上参加聚会了吗?
—Yes, I did./No, I didn't.
是的,我去了。/不,我没去。
由be动词构成的一般过去时的陈述句改为疑问句,直接将be动词提前至句首,回答用Yes, 主语+was/were.或No, 主语+wasn't/weren't.。如:
—Were you happy yesterday 昨天你开心吗?
—Yes, I was. 是的,我很开心。
2.情态动词
课文:Her left leg was badly hurt and she could not get out.
点津:本句型结构为:sb. can do sth.,表示“某人能做某事”。类似的句型还有sb. could do sth.,表示“某人能做某事”,但是can表示现在能做某事;could表示的是过去能做某事。否定式为sb.can't/couldn't do sth.,表示“某人不能做某事”。此外,情态动词could可表示一种委婉的语气,比can更能显示有礼貌。may较正式,语气较弱;而must表示“必须,一定”,语气最为强烈。
注意:我们也可以用be able to 来表示能力,但be able to强调通过努力而获得的能力,而can则强调自身已具有的能力。
The old man was able to swim across the river when the boat broke down.
当游船毁坏时,这位老人设法游过了河。
Mary must be in the office. I saw her there two minutes ago. 玛丽一定在办公室,两分钟前我还看到她呢。
May I see the letter 我可以看看这封信吗?
3.感叹句
课文:What a brave young man!
点津:本句为感叹句,句型结构为:What+a/an+adj.+单数可数名词+主语+谓语;What+adj.+不可数名词/复数名词+主语+谓语,表示“多么……的……啊!”。感叹句的另一句型为:How+adj./adv.+主语+谓语+其他,表示“……多么……啊!”。
How beautiful these flowers are! 这些花真漂亮!
4.系动词
课文:My dog is the cleverest animal of all.
点津:我们常用形容词来描述人和物。形容词可以放在名词前作定语;形容词也可以放在系动词后作表语。
注意:除be动词外,系动词还包括become,feel,get,look,seem,smell,sound,taste,turn等。这些词后面常接形容词作表语。
She felt a little ill. 她觉得有点不舒服。
5.不定代词
课文:She sleeps anywhere.
点津:我们常用不定代词指代某个不特定的人或物。
①不定代词some常用于肯定句。疑问句中,如果希望得到对方肯定的回答,也会用some。
②不定代词any常用于否定句或疑问句。
③不定代词no有否定含义,no one表示“没有人”,nobody=not anyone; nothing=not anything。
④不定代词every可以用于各种句式中。
英语试题
一、单项选择
1. —What ________ awful rain it was last Friday!
—Yes, but I loved ________ rainbow after it rained. It looked so beautiful.
A. the; an B. an; the C. /; the D. an; /
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】句意:——上周五的雨真是太可怕了!——是的,但是我喜欢在雨后看到彩虹。它看起来很漂亮。
考查冠词的用法。rain是不可数名词,所以第一空不用任何冠词,本句符合“What+形容词+不可数名词+主谓!”的结构;第二空是特指“雨后的彩虹”,所以用定冠词the,故选C。
2. State Security Law of the People’s Republic of China shows that we ________ provide any information for foreigners.
A. shouldn’t B. can’t C. mustn’t D. needn’t
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】句意:《中华人民共和国国家安全法》规定,我们禁止向外国人提供任何信息。
考查情态动词的辨析。shouldn’t不应该;can’t不能;mustn’t禁止;needn’t不必。根据“State Security Law of the People’s Republic of China shows that”可知,此处表示法律规定的内容,因此表示禁止向外国人提供任何信息。故选C。
3. —What our society is like is decided by ________ everyone chooses to behave.
—That’s the case. We should do our part and get on well with each other.
A. how B. when C. what D. why
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】句意:——我们的社会是什么样的是由每个人选择如何行为决定的。——就是这样。我们应该尽自己的一份力,和睦相处。
考查宾语从句连接词。how如何;when什么时候;what什么;why为什么。根据“everyone chooses to behave”可知社会是怎么样的取决于每个人选择如何行为来决定的。故选A。
4. The New Year Concert was really amazing. ________ left in the middle of it.
A. Nobody B. Anybody C. Everybody D. Somebody
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】句意:新年音乐会真是太棒了。没人中途离开。
考查代词辨析。Nobody无人;Anybody任何人;Everybody每个人;Somebody某人。根据“The New Year Concert was really amazing”可知,新年音乐会很棒,所以没有人中途离开。故选A。
5. —The lesson that the novel Ordinary World has taught me is that even though my life is common I still love and enjoy it.
—In fact, sometimes a good book can teach you things ________ your class.
A. above B. against C. beyond D. including
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】句意:——小说《平凡的世界》教会我的是,尽管我的生活很平凡,但我仍然热爱它,享受它。——事实上,有时一本好书可以教会你课堂之外的东西。
考查介词辨析。above在……上面;against反对;beyond超越;including包括。根据“sometimes a good book can teach you things...your class”可知,此处指课堂之外的东西。故选C。
6. So let me say here that in front of the Chinese side, the United States does not have the qualification (资格) to say that it wants to speak to China from a ________ of strength.
A. situation B. position C. condition D. location
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】句意:所以我想在这里说,在中方面前,美国没有资格说它想从一个强势的立场和中国对话。
考查名词辨析。situation形势;position立场;condition状况;location位置。根据“it wants to speak to China from a … of strength”可知,此处指强势的立场,故选B。
7. “It is better to travel 10,000 miles than to read 10,000 books.” means ________ comes from experience.
A. wisdom B. characteristics C. purity D. strength
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】句意:“读万本书不如行万里路。”的意思是智慧来自于经验。
考查名词辨析。wisdom知识,智慧;characteristics特性,特征;purity洁净,纯净;strength力量。根据“It is better to travel 10,000 miles than to read 10,000 books” 及语境可知,“读万本书”对应的是知识、智慧,“行万里路”对应的应是经验。故选A。
8. China’s Beidou System can now be directly ________ to mobile phones, so we can find where the phones are even when there’s no signal (信号).
A. connected B. pointed C. devoted D. reported
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】句意:中国的北斗系统现在可以直接与手机相连,所以即使没有信号,我们也能找到手机的位置。
考查动词辨析。connected与……相连;pointed指;devoted致力;reported报道。根据“China’s Beidou System can now be directly ... to mobile phones”可知是北斗系统与手机直接相连。故选A。
9. Volunteering is a great contribution to our world ________ a chance for us to learn and grow.
A. as well as B. as good as C. as far as D. as long as
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】句意:志愿服务是对我们世界的巨大贡献,也是我们学习和成长的机会。
考查连词。as well as也;as good as和……一样好;as far as就……而言;as long as只要。根据“Volunteering is a great contribution to our world ... a chance for us to learn and grow.”可知,志愿者服务既是对世界做出贡献也是我们学习和成长的机会,用连词as well as表并列。故选A。
10. As the autumn ends, we have less chance to absorb(吸收)vitamin D through sunlight. ________, people should take some vitamin D capsules, especially during winter.
A. Therefore B. Otherwise C. However D. Moreover
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】句意:随着秋天的结束,我们有更少的机会通过阳光吸收维生素D,人们应该吃些维生素D的胶囊,尤其在冬天。
考查副词。Therefore因此;Otherwise否则;However然而;Moreover此外。空前“we have less chance to absorb(吸收) vitamin D through sunlight”是空后“people should take some vitamin D capsules, especially during winter.”的原因,空后表示结果,所以用Therefore连接。故选A。
11. —Which classical Chinese poem do you like best
—Don’t laugh if we ________ drunken(醉酒) on the battleground;how many soldiers ever came back safe and sound(安然无恙) .
A. put B. lied C. lay D. drank
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】句意:——你最喜欢哪首中国古诗?——醉卧沙场君莫笑,古来征战几人回?
考查动词辨析。put放;lied说谎;lay躺;drank喝酒。根据“on battleground”可知,躺在战场上,故选C。
12. In the third lesson of the “Tiangong Class”, the Chinese astronauts showed the students ________.
A. whether they have grown some plants in the laboratory
B. when a water ball became “lazy” under the low gravity
C. how did they drink water from a 2-metre-long straw (吸管)
D. why two T-handles (T型手柄) can “dance happily” in space
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】句意:在“天宫课”的第三节课上,中国宇航员向学生们展示了在低重力下水球变“懒”的情况。
考查宾语从句。showed后缺少直接宾语,用宾语从句,宾语从句用陈述语序,排除C;再由“showed”可知主过从必过,排除AD。故选B。
13. — I lost my wallet yesterday. Moreover, my ID card and my driving license were in it.
—________. We should learn the importance of avoiding risks with a Plan B.
A. Every dog has its day B. It never rains but it pours
C. Don’t put all your eggs in one basket D. A miss is as good as a mile
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】句意:——我上周丢了钱包。更糟糕的是,我的身份证和驾照都在里面。——不要把所有的鸡蛋放在一个篮子里。我们应该了解用B计划避免风险的重要性。
考查习语。Every dog has its day人人皆有得意时;It never rains but it pours祸不单行;Don’t put all your eggs in one basket不要把所有的鸡蛋放在一个篮子里;A miss is as good as a mile失之毫厘谬以千里。根据“I lost my wallet last week. What’s worse, my ID card and my driving licence were in it.”可知身份证和驾照在钱包里,都一起丢了。所以我们不要把所有的鸡蛋放在一个篮子里。故选C。
14. —Eric, you seem very excited.
— I won the first prize in the singing competition.
A. What’s up B. Who cares C. Guess what D. Pardon me
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】句意:——艾瑞克,你看起来非常兴奋。——猜猜看?我在歌唱比赛中获得了第一名。
考查交际用语。What’s up最近怎么样,用于熟人之间寒暄;Who cares谁在乎,用于表达不关心或者不认同的观点;Guess what猜猜看,用于紧接着向对方描述一件惊讶的事;Pardon me请再说一次,用于没听清想要对方再说一次。根据“Eric, you seem very excited.”可知,讲述者让对方猜猜看,紧接着描述了自己获奖的事。故选C。
二、完形填空 先通读下面的短文,掌握其大意,然后在每小题所给的四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。(本大题共10小题,每小题 1分,共10分)
Lixia, or the Beginning of Summer, is the seventh of the 24 Chinese solar terms.
As summer approaches, plants will begin to grow faster. The crops also welcome the rapid growing season. Therefore, ___15___ are usually happy to welcome the arrival of Lixia. This is the ___16___ time of the year to plant early rice in the southern part of China. There are a lot of ancient Chinese idioms that warn people not to stay ___17___ during this period of time.
In China, people celebrate the day of Lixia in different ways. For example, in some places people cook “Five-Coloured Rice”. It is usually ___18___ from five kinds of beans, including red bean, yellow bean, black bean, green bean and mung bean. It ___19___ for people’s good wishes for a colourful life. In some areas, children will ___20___ a bag with an egg around their necks. It was a ___21___ activity among ancient Chinese children during summer.
On the day of Lixia, people also have the ___22___ of eating three types of food: cherries, green plums, and green wheat. Since there are so many different types of fresh fruits and vegetables from which to choose, what gets eaten during this time can be ___23___ across the country.
The tradition of eating ice at the Beginning of Summer has a long history in China. In ancient times, people would have icy drinks.
Other Lixia traditions ___24___ the singing of various folk songs. People also weigh themselves on the day of Lixia. When the summer passes, they’ll weigh themselves again to see how many pounds they have lost during the hot season.
15.
A. workers B. farmers C. students D. musicians
16.
A. best B. worst C. fastest D. slowest
17.
A. healthy B. lazy C. busy D. sick
18.
A. borrowed B. chosen C. come D. made
19.
A. looks B. asks C. stands D. cares
20.
A. wear B. buy C. find D. fix
21.
A. wonderful B. common C. valuable D. simple
22.
A. invention B. vacation C. population D. tradition
23.
A. fresh B. delicious C. different D. clean
24.
A. mean B. include C. afford D. consider
【答案】15. B 16. A 17. B 18. D 19. C 20. A 21. B 22. D 23. C 24. B

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