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2024年初中英语学科解题技巧与答题规范
第一部分 “听力”
一、中考要求
《义务教育英语课程标准（2011年版）》（以下简称《课程标准》）中“听”的五级标准描述：能根据语调和重音理解说话者的意图；能听懂有关熟悉话题的谈话，并能从中提取信息和观点；能借助语境克服生词障碍、理解大意；能听懂接近正常语速的故事和叙述，理解故事的因果关系；能在听的过程中用适当方式作出反应；能针对所听语段的内筒记录简单信息。《义务教育英语课程标准（2022年版）》在“语言技能内容要求”三级水平中的理解性技能对“听”作如下描述：在听、读、看的过程中，针对语篇的内容有选择地记录信息和要点。就语音知识而言，要让学生学会根据重音意群语调与节奏等语音方面的变化，感知说话人表达的不同意义，准确地理解说话人的意图和态度，体会重音、语调和节奏等具有表意功能，并进行模仿、练习和内化，学会运用语音知识更好地表达自己的意图和态度。
中考听力测试主要考查考生对英语口语的理解、判断和辨析能力，也就是考查考生对特定情境中的对话或独白所表述信息的信息输入、分析、理解，对有效信息和无效信息的输入判定和选择，最后作出准确的理解和判断，同时也考查考生对对话或独白所表述信息的理解存储和加工能力。
二、例题解析：
（一）第一节 听句子。从每小题所给的三幅图中选出与句子内容相关的选项。
1.直接描述画面：图文一致，只需听到关键词或词组即可做出正确选择。
例：2023年福建中考第2题
The horse is running fast.
答案为C。
2.根据听力中的关键词和图片中的相应信息找出正确的图片。
例：2022年福建中考第5题
Beijing hosted the 2022 Winter Olympics successfully.
A. B. C.
答案为A。
(二）第二节 听对话，从每小题所给的三个选项中选出正确答案。
1. 直接信息类试题：一般可从听力材料直接获取答案或关键信息。但要特别注意，干扰性选项的内容在对话中均有出现，但不是问题所指的内容，具有较强的干扰性。
听录音前，需注意看清楚题干问的是男角色还是女角色，再挑对应的内容重点听和区分。
例：2023年福建中考第7题
W:How are you going to school today, by taxi or by bus
M:Neither. I'll go on foot.
Q：How will the man go to school
A. By taxi. B. By bus. C. On foot.
答案为C。
2.间接信息类试题：不能直接通过听材料得出答案，需要对听到的信息进行转化或归纳才能得出正确答案。所涉及的问题包括事件、地点、人物关系、原因、方式及与数字有关的时间、价格、数量等。
听录音前，一定要预先分析选项，确定听的重点，抓住问题关键。根据对话内容和常识推断可能出现的事件、场景。
询问场景：提问对话发生的事件或场景。做此类题时要抓住常用特定场景和相关的常用词，如下：
场景选项词汇 听力材料词汇
restaurant： menu，bill，order，tip，hamburger，beer，soup ...
hotel： single room，double room，room number，check in(out) ...
hospital： take medicine，temperature，pill，headache，fever, examine ...
post office： mail，letter, deliver，stamp，envelope，...
airport： flight，take off，land， ...
railway station： round trip，single trip，sleeping car ...
store： on sale，size，wear，colour，style, price，change , fit ...
school： professor，exam，course，term, dining hall，playground ...
library： librarian，renew，date，shelf, magazine, seat ...
例：2022年福建中考第7题
W: May I take your order，sir
M: I'd like some noodles with eggs.
Q: Where are the speakers
A. At home. B. In a restaurant. C. In a supermarket.
答案为B。
②询问人物关系或身份职业：做题时要注意双方的称呼语，同时要善于捕捉涉及职业的关键词及人物语气。
例：2021年福建中考第10题
M: I’m home, grandma. Is dinner ready
W: Well, Henry, it’s nearly ready.
M: What are we going to have for dinner
W: Fried rice.
M: Is there any chicken soup You know it’s my favorite.
W: Yes, and there’s roast duck too.
Q：What's the relationship between the speakers
A. Grandma and grandson. B. Brother and sister. C. Waitress and customer.
答案为A。
3．数字计算题：此类题一般涉及时间和价钱的运算。听对话过程中需要把相关的数字记下，重点注意提问对象，然后在此基础上做必要计算。要注意区分清-teen和-ty及four和five等的发音；辨别多位数，如电话号码、门牌等；辨别时间时还需注意“now”、“in”、“before”、“for”等细节；特别要注意听出数字之间的关系，准确回答。
例：2023年福建中考第12题
M：Good morning. What can I do for you, madam
W：I'd like to buy a sweater.
M：How about the red one It's only one hundred .
W：I don't like the color. Do you have any other colors
M：Yes, come this way. The blue and the yellow ones are very nice.
W：How much are they
M：The blue one is one hundred fifty yuan and the yellow one is two hundred yuan.
W：That's fine. I'll take the blue one
Q: How much is the red sweater
A. 100 yuan. B. 150 yuan. C. 200 yuan.
答案为A。
4.推理判断题：说话者常用比较含蓄的方法表达内容及意图。要注意隐含的信息和转折连词，
如：but、however等，以及对话中出现的一般疑问句，其回答为肯定或否定。
例: 2020年福建中考第15题
W: Bill, can you stop using your phone while having dinner
M: I'm just checking the soccer score.
W: You'd better not spend so much time on your phone. It's really bad for your eyes. And it's very dirty to touch the screen when you're eating.
M: I'm sorry, mum.
W: Put away your phone and enjoy your dinner.
M: OK.
Q: What will Bill do next
A.Check the soccer score. B. Clean the phone screen. C. Put away the phone.
答案为C。
5. 主旨大意题：询问对话的主要内容是什么，考生需要在听完对话后抓住对话关键信息，判断交谈双方主要谈论什么内容。
例1: 2021年福建中考第15题
W: Jack, how wonderful! It’s Friday again.
M: Yes, Lisa. Did you have any plans for this weekend
W: Well, my parents are away on business and I will take care of my little brother at home.What about you
M: My sister and I are going to the cinema this Saturday afternoon. On Sunday, I’m going to my uncle’s farm.
W: What can you do on the farm
M: I can feed the chickens and cows there. I can also pick strawberries.
W: Fantastic!Enjoy yourselves.
Q：What are the speakers talking about
A. Weekend plans. B. Farm animals. C. Outdoor games.
答案为A。
例2 ： 2022年福建中考第14题
W:Mr. Smith. I'm teaching the class about housework this week. Some of our students like helping at home.
M:That 's good.
W: Yes，Alice makes the bed and sweeps the floor carefully.
M:She is a good girl.
W:But Peter is quite lazy. He doesn't help at home.
M:Oh ! That 's too bad. What about Jacky
W: Well，he sets the table and hangs up the washing. He feeds the dog too.
M: Wow! He helps a lot.
Q: What is the conversation mainly about
A. Students’ help with housework. B. Students’ outdoor activities. C. Students’ hobbies.
答案为A。
（三）第三节 根据所听到的短文或对话内容，完成表格。
该题型是考查学生获取信息的能力。文本材料一般为100-120词左右的叙述文体，有完整的思想内容。涉及到的词汇量较大，设题点在材料中分布均匀，不会集中在材料的某一处。所需填写的单词为课标黑体词或其变形，主要考查名词、数词、形容词或动词等。
听录音前，可以预测表格中挖空部分需填单词的词性，大部分挖空部分可以从原文直接听出，可能会出现个别须经过信息处理才能填出答案的情况。以2023年福建中考表格填空为例，所有要填的单词都可以直接听出，表格呈现的主要信息或句子与听力原文顺序基本一致。
例 2023年第三节 听下面对话，根据你所听到的内容，完成以下表格，每空填一词。
（对话读三遍）
M: Hello, this is Sunshine Hotel. Can I help you
W: Yes. I'd like to book rooms.
M: Could you please tell me when you will arrive
W: On March seventh and I'll stay there for three days.
M: How many rooms would you like
W: Four single rooms. How much are they
M: Three hundred yuan for one single room a night.
W: All right. What services come with that
M: You'll have a TV a telephone and some English newspapers. And you also get a free breakfast.
W: Could I have the rooms which face south
M: Of course. Four single rooms which face south from March seventh to ninth. Am I right
W: Exactly.
M: Could you tell me your name, please
W: Wendy Smith.
M: What's your telephone number
W: 3982845.
M: Got it. Hope to see you at our hotel.
Room Booking
Name Wendy Smith
When to arrive on _____16_____ 7th
How many rooms to book _____17_____ single rooms
What to provide ● a TV, a _____18_____ and some English newspapers ● a _____19_____ breakfast ● rooms which _____20_____ south
答案：16.March 17.Four 18.telephone 19.free 20.face
三、听力测试的解题技巧：
① 听前需预测。利用听力试音时间及每题测试前的间隙时间对题干关键词做标记、对选项中不同部分进行标识、大胆预测所听的句子、对话及短文的相关内容。听短文完成表格部分，如果表格含有标题，要先对标题进行分析，提取可能有帮助的信息，然后快速浏览表格，对即将听到的内容进行预测。仔细分析设空位置及提问信息点，初步推断各信息点间的关联。做到听前有准备，带着问题去听。
②听中要专注。听力材料的开头和结尾部分通常会涵盖文章的主题和重要信息。在听录音时，应重点关注开头和结尾，把握文章大意，这对于理解整个听力材料非常有帮助。在听录音时还应集中注意力抓住关键词，这些关键词通常是答案的关键所在。对于无关紧要的信息，可以适当忽略，以免影响对主要信息的捕捉。同时做好速记，做到心到、耳到和眼到，对所听内容作出快速反应并得出答案。尤其是表格填空题，听第一遍录音时，要关注宏观理解，听懂文章大意。集中精力抓住关键信息，同时围绕设置点，快速记录相关信息，理清线索。听第二、三遍录音时，集中注意力于尚未填出的空格，并注意听短文的首句和尾句（往往是短文的结论）。
③听后得检查。特别是表格填空题。录音播放完毕后，要根据速记的内容，梳理信息， 要把所填单词放入句中进行复查，注意是否符合句意、时态和语态是否正确、单复数及大小写是否准确等。
第二部分 “完形填空”
一、中考要求
完形填空题是一道综合性测试题，主要考查学生对基础知识的掌握和运用，对整个文章逻辑联系的理解，在语境中辨析词义的语言综合运用能力,包括逻辑思维能力、综合概括能力、分析判断能力。
历年完型填空总览
年份 内容概括
2017 印度人Jadav Payeng通过种树改善生态环境的励志故事。
2018 Ewan Drum通过帮助他人实现自己成为超级英雄的梦想。
2019 讲述自己的朋友Ally和自己每个星期都会抽出时间参加Buddyball志愿者活动，既帮助了别人也让自己的生命更富有意义。
2020 Rachel从小对服装设计怀有极大兴趣，15岁时，她的作品惊艳明尼苏达时装周，很快销售一空，她用所得的钱帮助其他需要帮助的小朋友。
2021 Bex Lindsay从小对播音主持怀有极大兴趣，通过努力她最终实现自己成为一名主持人的梦想。
2022 Kelly从小热爱打篮球，但一次训练中，左腿严重受伤，从此不能再接着打球。意志坚强的她不被困难吓倒，通过努力成为健美运动员，完成华丽转身。
2023 讲述Paul见义勇为的故事。Paul在一家河边的餐厅当服务员，工作时偶然看到一位母亲和她的两个女儿落水，他毫不犹豫跳下水，拯救了母女三人，受到人们的赞扬。
由上表可以看出过去七年我省完型填空题材选择的关键词：“梦想”、“帮助”。注重体现“真善美”的价值取向，关注学生核心素养的培养，引导学生心怀梦想、注意培养自己的兴趣爱好并愿意为之奋斗和努力，实现自己梦想的过程也在赋予自己的生命意义。语篇选材基本保持一致，都属于人物类的故事题材，时态多为一般过去时，语篇长度在220-260词之间，含10个空，一般每空之间间隔15-25个词，个别间隔在10个词以内。首句未设空，便于学生从整体上把握语篇意义。以考查如动词、名词、形容词、代词和副词等实词为主，兼顾介词、连词等虚词和语法结构、短语搭配。试题选择强调上下文语境，淡化语法，突出语篇。难点集中在如何根据设空点的上下文或语境选出最佳答案。
二、解题技巧
1.通读全文，对整篇文章进行快速略读，把握文章大意的同时，重点关注首尾句，加深对全文的文体、内容、作者的观点态度等方面的整体理解。先“完意”，再“完形”。跳过空格快速阅读，了解全篇的主要内容，使自己的思维模式与作者的思维模式相吻合。
2.读第二遍时，在通读全文、把握大意、理解背景的基础上，边读边答题，要注意横线空格所在的完整句子及其与前后句之间的联系。先仔细阅读选项所在的完整句子，对句意有一个完整的理解后，再快速反应选词。遵循“先易后难”的原则，先选出自己有把握的选项，如有必要，可以将有把握的答案写在短文空格处，这样可以减少回看选项的时间，提高理解效率。对于暂时没有把握的题目，可以适当做一下记号，以便检查回看时通过语篇和语境寻求突破。
3.读第三遍时，着重理清篇章的逻辑关系，并对没有把握的题目进行再思考再检查。复核全文，弥补疏漏, 确保选择后短文语义通顺、逻辑连贯、结构完整。所选择的选项能自然地融合于所处文本，使语义连贯顺畅，没有断层。对于没有把握的选择要结合语境、逻辑推理等进行再思考，这些题目很多是前后牵制型题目，可以通过上下文跳读找到选择的依据。
完形填空是一篇有完整内容的文章，各行各段之间有着逻辑上的内在联系。在所提供的选项中，有的从语法角度看是正确的，从语义上考虑却是不合逻辑，因此，解题一定要有全局观念和语境意识，把每个空白处的含义与前后句的意思联系起来理解，进行合乎逻辑的推理判断。此外，惯用法或习惯搭配、词义及其用法、逻辑推理也都是答题的重要依据。
三、例题解析
阅读下面短文，从每小题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案。
It was a warm Sunday afternoon in May, 2021. Beside the Lech River many people were playing and picnicking, and they felt 36 and relaxed. Some people were cooling their feet in the 37 water from the snow-covered mountains nearby. From behind the bar (吧台) at the restaurant, Paul Blachut, a 38 , had a good view of the river.
A mother and two daughters were playing on the riverbank when, suddenly, they 39 into the fast-running water. A passer-by shouted 40 ," Help! Three people are being carried away by the water!" Looking up from his work, Paul noticed the three women flapping (摆动) their arms in the water, trying to 41 anything they could.
Paul rushed to the riverbank and jumped into the river. He didn't 42 the cold. All he could think about was saving the women. As he got closer to them, he found the mother had the most 43 because her long dress made her so heavy. He pushed her to the bank first. Then he managed to save the two daughters with other people's help.
Later, people expressed their admiration for Paul, 44 he was modest (谦虚的) about his role. "It only took me two or three minutes," he said, adding that he was happy to have received high praise from his boss for his 45 . Indeed, it was a job very well done.
36. A. tired B. strange C. comfortable
37. A. calm B. cold C. salty
38. A. boss B. waiter C. tourist
39. A. fell B. ran C. looked
40. A. politely B. bravely C. loudly
41. A. catch B. shake C. cover
42. A. get over B. care about C. keep out
43. A. pleasure B. time C. trouble
44. A. but B. or C. so
45. A. advice B. courage C. advantage
2023年中考英语完形填空继续沿用记叙文，全文共241个词，讲述Paul见义勇为的故
事。语篇主题意义鲜明，注重对学生情感态度和价值观的正向引导，彰显了立德树人的学科育人价值。
读第一遍时，迅速浏览全文，关注标题首尾句，了解全文大意：2021年5月的一天，Paul在河边的餐厅里工作，突然，一位母亲和她的两个女人不慎落水，Paul毫不犹豫地冲向河边，跳入水中，在众人的帮助下，他成功地拯救了母女三人，受到人们的赞扬。
读第二遍时，初选答案。
comfortable（考查形容词。辨析三个形容词的词义，由下文relaxed放松的，得出答案应
该在词义上和relaxed属于同类褒义词。)
cold（考查形容词。辨析三个形容词的词义，由下文snow-covered一词得出答案，雪山
下流出的应该是冷水。）
waiter（考查名词。一方面要懂得这三个词的词义；另一方面，结合语境，可以判断Paul
是餐厅的服务员。）
39. fell（考查动词。掌握三个动词的词义，结合上下文，有人落入水中，因此选择fell。）
40.loudly（考查副词。掌握三个副词的词义，结合上下文， 母女三人落入水中，大声呼救。）
41. catch（考查动词。掌握三个动词的词义，结合上下文，三人落入水中，试图抓住任何东西以自救。）
42.care about（考查动词词组。get over过来，keep out别进来，care about在意。Paul不顾寒
冷，跳入水中，因此选择care about）
trouble (考查名词。pleasure乐趣，time时间，trouble麻烦，根据上下文，母亲落入水中，
穿着长裙，在水中遇到最多麻烦。）
but（考查并列连词。so表因果关系，but表转折关系，or表选择。人们钦佩Paul与他
的谦虚形成对比，因此选but，表转折关系）
courage(考查名词。advice建议，courage勇气，advantage好处，根据上下文，老板表扬
Paul勇气可嘉，因此选courage。）
读第三遍时，对全文进行检查和复核，确认答案是否正确，符合上下文语境和文章主题立意。
经过分析可以发现，中考题目中的完型填空部分注重考查学生的语篇和语境意识，考生如果能从总体上理解语篇的意思，结合语境和自己的基础知识，大部分选项是可以做出有把握的选择的。另外，通过对选项设置进行观察，大家也可以看到完型填空在考查实词如动词、形容词、名词的同时，也不会忽视连词、介词甚至冠词的考查。因此，复习时要尽量面面俱到，不能厚此薄彼。
总的说来，在做完形填空时要掌握以上技巧，并遵循一个总原则：“先完意，后完形”；牢记八字方针：“上下求索，瞻前顾后”，完成三部曲：“读—填—读”。
第三部分 “阅读理解”
一、中考要求
《课程标准》“读”的五级标准描述：1.能根据上下文和构词法推断、理解生词的含义；2.能理解段落中各句子之间的逻辑关系；3.能找出文章中的主题，理解故事的情节，预测故事情节的发展和可能的结局；4.能读懂常见体裁的阅读材料；5.能根据不同的阅读目的运用简单的阅读策略获取信息。
从五级标准描述和近几年的中考试卷可以看出，阅读理解主要考查细节理解能力、词义判断能力、归纳概括能力及逻辑推理能力等。常见题型有细节题、主旨题、推断题、猜测词义题等。阅读文本的体裁多样，题材丰富，涉及科学知识、社会文化、政治历史、人文环境和日常生活等方面，具有时代性、实用性。语篇的主题思想凸显了学科育人功能，引导学生树立正确的世界观、人生观和价值观。
二、解题步骤及技巧
（一）解题步骤
1．快速阅读，读懂大意：快速阅读文章，尤其是首尾两段和每一段的首句，了解大意, 理解文章的体裁（应用文、记叙文、议论文还是说明文）。
2．浏览题干，锁定关键词：仔细阅读问题题干，找出题干的关键词，摘取有用的材料，舍弃无关信息。
3．细读全文，认真推敲：针对题目的要求，细心阅读与试题有关的词汇、句子或段落，留心信息词，仔细斟酌，准确判断，选出最佳答案。
4．复读全文，验证答案：在选出全部答案后，应将原文再读一遍，基于文章主旨研究内在联系和逻辑关系，对答案进一步审查，若前后不一致或意思矛盾，则要考虑重选答案。
（二）解题技巧
1．细节理解题: 考查把握文章的事实和细节的能力。
所谓“事实细节”，是指在阅读理解的文本中客观存在的事实。细节题在阅读理解部分占相当大的比例，涉及的内容很广，如时间、地点、人物、数字、原因、结果、文字结构等。目的在于测试学生对文章细节的理解能力。
细节理解题的提问形式常见的有:
(1) 是非判断类型
Which of the following is TRUE according to the text
Which of the following is TRUE about...
(2) 特殊疑问句提问类型
According to the passage, when/where/what/who/how/why/which/how many/how much…
(3) 选择图片类型
Which picture shows...
这些题目有两个共同特点：（1）正确答案大都可以在阅读材料中找到对应的文字部分作为验证。可能是一个词或短语，也可能是一个句子或相关的若干句子，但句式、用词和表达方式不同。（2）干扰项往往是主题思想与细节混杂，正确答案细节和非正确答案的细节混杂，无中生有，张冠李戴，以偏概全，扩大内容，甚至真假混杂。
例1（2023年福建中考B篇）：
People have used onions to add flavor (味道) to their foods for thousands of years. Besides onions’ great taste, they are very good for you. They have special chemicals (化学物质) that improve your ability to fight off sickness and you have fewer chances of getting a disease.
51. Onions can help you fight off sickness because they have ________.
A. different colors B. many uses in cooking
C. great taste D. special chemicals
解析：细节理解题。根据“They have special chemicals (化学物质) that improve your ability to fight off sickness and you have fewer chances of getting a disease.”可知，洋葱含有特殊的化学物质，可以提高你抵抗疾病的能力，减少你生病的机会。故选D。
No matter how good onions are for you, it is difficult to cut an onion without your eyes filling with tears! When you cut into an onion, irritating (刺激性的) chemicals inside the onion will get into the air. They touch your whole eyes and cause pain. Your eyes make tears to wash away the chemicals and protect your eyes.
52. Why do your eyes make tears when you cut onions
A. To improve physical condition. B. To prevent common diseases.
C. To wash away irritating chemicals. D. To cause terrible pain.
解析：细节理解题。根据“When you cut into an onion, irritating (刺激性的) chemicals inside the onion will get into the air. They touch your whole eyes and cause pain. Your eyes make tears to wash away the chemicals and protect your eyes.”可知，当你切洋葱时，洋葱内部的刺激性化学物质会进入空气中。它们会接触你的整个眼睛，引起疼痛。你的眼睛会分泌眼泪来洗掉化学物质，保护你的眼睛。故选C。
例2（2023年福建中考C篇）：
In the past nine years, Li Jin, who was born in Guangxi but raised in Sanya, has made great efforts to protect the waters of Sanya city in Hainan. He is now spreading the knowledge of environmental protection through new media platforms (媒体平台).
56. What is Li Jin trying hard to protect
A. The beaches in Guangxi. B. The waters of Sanya.
C. The wildlife on the Sanya River. D. The cities in Hainan.
解析：细节理解题。根据“Li Jin immediately took the lead in a cleanup activity on the Sanya River.”可知, 李金参与了三亚河湖清理工作，努力保护三亚河的水。故选B。
In April, 2021, he used his own money to set up a volunteer service center which has 1, 170 registered members who take part in activities without asking for payment. So far, he has spent about 3, 800 hours on volunteer activities in over 550 events. More than 2, 300 people have joined in with his encouragement...
57. How many people join Li Jin’s volunteer service center
A. 550. B. 1,170. C. 1,800. D. 2,300.
解析：细节理解题。根据“In April, 2021, he used his own money to set up a volunteer service center which has 1, 170 registered members who take part in activities without asking for payment.” 可知有1170名注册会员参与活动中。故选B。
2．主旨大意题：考查掌握所读材料的主旨和大意的能力。
这类题往往针对段落或短文的subject、main idea、title或purpose来命题。解题关键是快速浏览全文，寻找文章的关键词或主题句。关键词即在文中频繁出现的、与主题有关的实词，主要是名词、动词等；文章或段落的主题通常由主题句体现出来，我们首先要找出文章或段落的主题句，一般我们可以在以下几个地方找到：
（1）段首句，演绎型文章的主题句通常在文章或段落的开头部分。
（2）段末句，归纳型文章的主题句通常在文章或段落的结尾部分。
（3）段中句，如果主题句既不在段首，也不在段末，则我们应仔细地在文章或段落的中心部分去寻找。
（4）暗示句，有的主题句并非明示，而是通过某种独特的描述方式或以修辞手段委婉、含蓄地提出来的即暗示句。这种暗示句难度较大，它可能不是一个完整的句子而只是一个词，也可能是通过一些具有感彩的词语来表达的，还可能是通过字里行间来表达的。
主旨大意题的提问形式主要有：
(1)What’s the main idea of the passage/the last paragraph
(2)What would be the best title of the passage
(3)Which of the following is this passage/Paragraph 2 about
(4)The passage tells us that__________.
(5)This passage is mainly about__________.
(6)The main purpose of the text is to .
例3（2023年福建中考C篇）：
In the past nine years, Li Jin, who was born in Guangxi but raised in Sanya, has made great
efforts to protect the waters of Sanya city in Hainan. He is now spreading the knowledge of environmental protection through new media platforms (媒体平台).
Around 2014, he began doing volunteer work to clear rubbish from the beaches and officially registered (注册) as a volunteer in May, 2017. Li Jin immediately took the lead in a cleanup activity on the Sanya River.
In April, 2021, he used his own money to set up a volunteer service center which has 1, 170 registered members who take part in activities without asking for payment. So far, he has spent about 3, 800 hours on volunteer activities in over 550 events. More than 2, 300 people have joined in with his encouragement. They’ve drawn the attention of both the adults (成年人) and the children to the importance of protecting the oceans and beaches. Since it was set up, his center has organized 51 beach-cleaning activities that have seen about 1, 800 people join in. In 2021, because of Li’s growing influence in environmental protection circles, the city government invited him to make a number of short videos, in which he uses simple words to explain how to protect the environment. Several of the videos have been watched millions of times.
“My volunteer work would be meaningless if I got paid. But the work itself is of great value. So I will continue doing the environmental protection work,” he said.
60. What is the text mainly about
A. A hero praised for volunteer work. B. The leader in a cleanup activity.
C. The meaning of protecting water. D. A volunteer service center.
解析：主旨大意题。本文讲述了李金用自己的行动来守护三亚河湖水生态环境的故事。文章第一段介绍李金的基本情况，中间两段详细叙述他成立自愿者服务中心，并影响着很多人加进来一起做志愿者活动去保护环境，最后一段以他对自愿者工作的看法结束，可以看出文章主要围绕李金这个人，而不是B、C、D对应的活动、意义、或者是服务中心。文章主要讲述李金是一个因志愿者工作而受到赞扬的英雄。故选A。
例4（2023年福建中考D篇）
Scientists used a special scanner (扫描器). The machine can see where blood runs, which shows the parts of the brain that are most active. People taking part in the experiment (实验) listened to the radio for 16 hours as their brains were scanned. The AI tool learned to connect certain brain activity with words they heard. After that, each person was asked to think of a story, and the AI tool managed to pick up these thoughts as they happened.
62. What is the main purpose of paragraph 2
A. To describe the process of the experiment. B. To explain the results of the experiment.
C. To offer some opinions about the experiment. D. To list the difficulties with the experiment.
解析：段落大意题。从“People taking part in the experiment (实验) listened to the radio for 16 hours as their brains were scanned”以及“After that...”,可知，本段主要介绍这种特殊的扫描仪的实验过程，故选A。
Scientists have developed a way to read minds, translating unspoken thoughts into written words. It’s the first time it’s been done without having to put anything into the brain. They used artificial intelligence (AI) (人工智能). It is the name given to a computer system that is able to “think” for itself and carry out tasks that usually require human intelligence.
...
The scientists, who have been working on the technology for 15 years, say they understand the risks of it being used badly. Scientist Jerry Tang told a newspaper, “We want to make sure people only use these types of technologies when they want to, and that it helps them.” The scientists hope it will help people with certain medical conditions, who are still awake but have lost the ability to speak, to communicate once again.
65. What can be the best title for the text
A. High Risks of Using AI. B. Mind-Reading Development.
C. Importance of Human Brain. D. Ways of Improving Technology.
解析：主旨大意题之最佳标题。通过首段首句“Scientists have developed a way to read minds, translating unspoken thoughts into written words”，以及最后一段最后一句“The scientists hope it will help people with certain medical conditions, who are still awake but have lost the ability to speak, to communicate once again”可知，本文主要介绍科学家开发出一种读心的方法，将未说出口的想法转化为书面文字，希望能帮助那些仍然清醒但失去了说话能力的人，再次与人交流想法。选项B“读心术的发展”符合主题，故选B。
3.词义猜测题: 考查根据上下文猜测生词的含义的能力。
词义猜测题是阅读理解部分常见的一个测试项目，主要用来测试考生对文章中出现的熟悉或不熟悉的词、词组或句子的意义的理解能力。
词义猜测题的类型主要有三种：
①熟词新义：要求学生在某一特定的语言环境下推断某一多义词的准确意思。
②生词释义：要求学生根据范围较小的上下文推断出词义。
③难句释义：要求学生根据范围稍大的上下文推断句意。
常见猜词题的设问方式有：
①The underlined word is closest in meaning to the word…
② We can learn from the underlined part…that…
③ The underlined word “it”in paragraph…refers to…
④ By saying…, the author means to say that…
⑤ What does the underlined word “…” mean in Chinese
解答此类题，可以参考以下解题技巧：
（1）通过因果关系猜词
首先找出生词与上下文之间的逻辑关系，借助关联词because，as，since，for，so，as a result，of course，therefore等等，确定前后因果关系。
例如：You shouldn't have blamed him for that，for it wasn't his fault. 通过for引出的句子所表示的原因(那不是他的错)，可猜出blame的词义是"责备"。
（2）通过同义词和反义词的关系猜词
通过同义词猜词，一是要看由and或or连接的同义词词组，如happy and gay，即使我们不认识gay这个词，也可以知道它是愉快的意思，如... influence how that person treats you or reacts to you in the future（2019年福建中考D篇）react前or的用法可以猜出react的词义应该与treat相近，意思是“回应”；二是看在进一步解释的过程中使用的同义词，如Man has known something about the planets Venus，Mars，and Jupiter with the help of spaceships.此句中的Venus(金星)、Mars(火星)、Jupiter(木星)均为生词，但只要知道planets就可猜出这几个词都属于"行星"这一义域。通过反义词猜词，一是看表转折关系的连词或副词，如but，while，however等；二是看与not搭配的或表示否定意义的词语，如：He is so homely, not at all as handsome as his brother.根据not at all...handsome我们不难推测出homely的意思，即不英俊、不漂亮的意思。
（3）通过构词法猜词
根据英语单词的词根，观察前缀或后缀来猜词义。
例如：I will not make friends with a dishonest person.
not honest B. not true C. not lovely D. not friendly
根据派生词法可知，dis-作为前缀有“not”的意思，所以答案为A。
（4）通过定义或释义关系来推测词义
例如：But sometimes, no rain falls for a long, long time. Then there is a dry period, or drought.
从drought所在句子的上文我们得知很久不下雨，于是便有一段干旱的时期，即drought，由此可见drought意思为"久旱"，"旱灾"。而a dry period和drought是同义语。这种同义或释义关系常由or，that is，in other words，be called或破折号等来表示。
（5）通过句法功能来推测词义
例如：Bananas, oranges, pineapples, coconuts and some other kinds of fruit grow in warm areas.假如pineapples和coconuts是生词，我们可以从这两个词在句中所处的位置来判断它们大致的意思。从句中不难看出pineapples，coconuts和bananas，oranges是同类关系，同属fruit类，因此它们是两样水果，准确地说，是菠萝和椰子。　
（6）通过描述猜词
描述即作者为帮助读者更深更感性地了解某人或某物而对该人或该物作出的外在相貌或内在特征的描写。例如：The penguin is a kind of sea bird living in the South Pole. It is fat and walks in a funny way. Although it cannot fly, it can swim in the icy water to catch the fish.从例句的描述中可以得知penguin是一种生活在南极的鸟类。后面更详尽地描述了该鸟类的生活习性。
例5（2022年福建中考B篇）：
Because these cards were all handmade, it would take her a long time to make a lot of them. So Anna had another idea. She started inviting friends to her house to help her make the cards. At first her friends were hesitant. Many said that they were not artistic and didn’t know how to make cards. But once they saw the beautiful materials that she had in her workroom, her friends felt more comfortable doing things such as drawing and cutting in order to make a new card.
53. What does the underlined word “hesitant” in Paragraph 2 mean in Chinese
A. 坐立不安的 B. 犹豫不决的
C. 兴高采烈的 D. 心甘情愿的
解析：词义猜测题。根据题干中提示的Paragraph 2定位到文章第二自然段，然后根据下一句话“Many said that they were not artistic and didn’t know how to make cards. ”的意思：她的朋友们认为，他们不具有艺术细胞，也不知道如何制作卡片，可以推断最初他们的态度是比较犹豫的。故答案选B。
例6（2023年福建中考B篇）
If you try out these good ideas and still cry while cutting onions, don’t worry. Scientists think if you cut more onions, your body will become more resilient to the onion’s chemicals. So the tears will not last long. If you think about how healthy onions are, you might even call those tears “happy tears”.
What does the underlined word “resilient” in the last paragraph mean in Chinese
疲惫的 B. 敏感的 C. 适应的 D. 虚弱的
解析：词义猜测题。根据题干提示定位到文章最后一段，根据 “So the tears will not last
long.”的意思：因此你的眼泪就不会持续太久”， 暗示眼睛会适应洋葱刺激的味道。可以推断出resilient的意思是 “适应的”。故答案选C。
例7 （2023年福建中考D篇）
Scientists have developed a way to read minds, translating unspoken thoughts into written words. It’s the first time it’s been done without having to put anything into the brain. They used artificial intelligence(AI)(人工智能). It is the name given to a computer system that is able to “think” for itself and carry out tasks that usually require human intelligence.
What does the underlined word “It” in paragraph 1 refer to (指代)？
A way. B. Anything. C. The brain. D. AI.
解析：词义猜测题。根据题干提示定位在第一段，根据They used artificial intelligence
(AI)(人工智能). 这句提到的 “artificial intelligence(AI)(人工智能)”，联系上下文的逻辑，可推断出 “It”指的是 “AI”。故答案选D。
推理判断题：考查对阅读材料全篇的逻辑关系的理解，对文章各段、各句之间的逻辑关系的理解能力。
推理判断题是阅读理解部分的一项重要内容。这类题要求考生脱离字面理解的局限，透过文章的字里行间，对作者的话进行推理判断，从而获得对文章的深层理解。
推理判断题的答案往往在文章的字面上不会出现，必须依据已有信息来进行推理，且不能脱离原文去主观臆断。因此，在做推理题时，必须从原文里找到推断的依据。其类型主要有以下几种：
(1)事实推断
这种推断常常针对某一个或几个具体细节，是比较简单的推断。进行这种推断，要首先在文章中找出可以推断的有关文字，然后加以分析，尤其要悟出字里行间的意思。
(2)逻辑推断
这类题目往往是要求根据文章所提供的背景，人物的表情、动作和语言来推断出人物的态度、性格或感觉等。
(3)对作者的意图和态度的推断
这类考题大都要求考生就作者对论述对象持什么样的态度做出推断，如作者对所陈述的观点是赞同、反对，还是犹豫不定，对记述或描写的人、物或事件是赞颂、同情、冷漠，还是厌恶。作者的思想倾向和感彩不一定直接表述出来，而往往隐含在字里行间。因此，进行这种推断时，我们既要依靠短文的主题思想作为推断的前提，又要注意作者的措辞，尤其是形容词一类的修饰语。
推断文章的出处。
这类考题一般要求学生全面了解文章细节并判断出文章体裁后，结合自己的课外阅读知识面和平时对现实生活的实践感知后进行判断，从而得知此类文章来源哪里。
推理判断题的提问形式主要有：
① From the text we can know that ________.
② What can be inferred（推理）from the text
③ What can we learn from the text
④ Which of the following can best describe...
⑤ What do we know about...
⑥ Where can we read this passage /In which section of the magazine can you read this passage
例8（2020年福建中考D篇）
This is yet another success for Chang'e 4. On January 2, the probe（探测器）became the first lander to touch down on the far side of the moon. This is the unknown face of the moon that is always looking away from us, so we never see it from down here on the earth. Although it is often regarded as the dark side of the moon, the far side actually gets as much sunshine as the near side. For example, when all we can see is a silver sliver of a new moon, the far side of the moon is in full sunlight.
64. What can be inferred（推理）from the text
A. Plants can be grown on the moon soon.
B. It is perfect to do experiments on the moon.
C. The cotton shoots can last days on the moon.
D. We can see a new moon at the start of February.
解析：推理判断题。由第二段中的“For example, when all we can see is a silver silver of a new moon, the far side of the moon is in full sunlight”和最后一段中的“Night has now fallen on the far side of the moon; sunlight will not return until the start of February” 可知，现在月亮背面是夜晚，直到二月初阳光才会照射到，而那个时候就会出现新月，故选D。
例9（2023年福建中考A篇）
The Last of Drumfield
---by Gorgeous Morgan
It’s about Ella who has got a book from her aunt. When she is reading the book with her good friends, they drop into the book and are taken to a fairytale(童话的) world. And they have to find a way back.
What do we know about Ella
She is good at magic. B. She helps save the birds’ world.
C.She lives in a fairytale world. D.She experiences an unusual trip.
解析：推理判断题。根据 “they drop into the book and are taken to a fairytale(童话的) world. And they have to find a way back”这两句的意思：他们掉进了书里去，被带到一个童话世界，然后得寻找回家的路” 可推断出Ella掉进书之后必定有一次神奇的不同寻常的历程。故答案选D。
例10 （2023年福建中考B篇）
Whether yellow, red or white, the onion is a vegetable that you may not know well. The list of its uses in cooking is endless. People have used onions to add flavor (味道) to their foods for thousands of years. Besides onions’ great taste, they are very good for you. They have special chemicals (化学物质) that improve your ability to fight off sickness and you have fewer chances of getting a disease.
No matter how good onions are for you, it is difficult to cut an onion without your eyes filling with tears! When you cut into an onion, irritating (刺激性的) chemicals inside the onion will get into the air. They touch your whole eyes and cause pain. Your eyes make tears to wash away the chemicals and protect your eyes.
Luckily, cooks and scientists have discovered some ways to keep you from crying when you cut up onions:
● Cut the onion under running water. The water will wash away the chemicals before they can reach your eyes.
● Use a fan to blow air over the onion as you cut it. The air will blow the chemicals away from your eyes.
● Put the onion in a fridge for an hour before cutting. This helps make the chemicals in the onion move slowly, so they may not ever reach your eyes.
If you try out these good ideas and still cry while cutting onions, don’t worry. Scientists think if you cut more onions, your body will become more resilient to the onion’s chemicals. So the tears will not last long. If you think about how healthy onions are, you might even call those tears “happy tears”.
55.In which section of a magazine can you probably read the text
Life and health. B.Language and culture.
Business world. D.National news.
解析：2023年福建中考B篇介绍的是洋葱的特性，对人体的作用以及如何避免切洋葱流泪的小技巧等。从文章内容可推断出文章主题是关于生活与健康的，故答案选A。
例11（2023年福建中考C篇）
In the past nine years, Li Jin, who was born in Guangxi but raised in Sanya, has made great efforts to protect the waters of Sanya city in Hainan. He is now spreading the knowledge of environmental protection through new media platforms (媒体平台).
Around 2014, he began doing volunteer work to clear rubbish from the beaches and officially registered (注册) as a volunteer in May, 2017. Li Jin immediately took the lead in a cleanup activity on the Sanya River.
In April, 2021, he used his own money to set up a volunteer service center which has 1, 170 registered members who take part in activities without asking for payment. So far, he has spent about 3, 800 hours on volunteer activities in over 550 events. More than 2, 300 people have joined in with his encouragement. They’ve drawn the attention of both the adults (成年人) and the children to the importance of protecting the oceans and beaches. Since it was set up, his center has organized 51 beach-cleaning activities that have seen about 1, 800 people join in. In 2021, because of Li’s growing influence in environmental protection circles, the city government invited him to make a number of short videos, in which he uses simple words to explain how to protect the environment. Several of the videos have been watched millions of times.
“My volunteer work would be meaningless if I got paid. But the work itself is of great value. So I will continue doing the environmental protection work,” he said.
58. What can we know from paragraph 3
A. Millions of people join in Li Jin’s activities.
B. Members in Li Jin’s service center get paid.
C. Most activities are organized for children.
D. Some videos Li Jin made are a success.
解析：推理判断题。此题考察学生对第三段细致的品读结果。从文中的数据可知参
加这个活动的人数也就是几千人，A答案是错的。从文章这个句子：he used his own money to set up a volunteer service center which has 1, 170 registered members who take part in activities without asking for payment. 得知：这是个志愿者活动，B答案说他们有报酬，故B答案也是错的。文中词句“They’ve drawn the attention of both the adults (成年人) and the children to the importance of protecting the oceans and beaches.”是介绍让孩子也意识到保护水的重要性，不是为孩子组织这个活动的，故C答案也错。从文章这句：“Several of the videos have been watched millions of times.”可推断出他们的视频非常受关注，被观看了几百万次，故正确答案选D。
59. Which of the following best describes Li Jin
A. Quiet and kind-hearted. B. Patient and humorous.
C. Strong-minded and selfless. D. Honest and easygoing.
解析：推理判断题。从文章得知Li Jin这个人为保护the waters of Sanya city in Hainan，
做出了很大的奉献，并不求回报得知他是无私的；在过去的九年里，他一直坚持做很多志愿者活动来保护三亚水域，可见他意志力和坚强。故答案选C。
例12（2023年福建中考D篇）
Scientists have developed a way to read minds, translating unspoken thoughts into written words. It’s the first time it’s been done without having to put anything into the brain. They used artificial intelligence (AI) (人工智能). It is the name given to a computer system that is able to “think” for itself and carry out tasks that usually require human intelligence.
Scientists used a special scanner (扫描器). The machine can see where blood runs, which shows the parts of the brain that are most active. People taking part in the experiment (实验) listened to the radio for 16 hours as their brains were scanned. The AI tool learned to connect certain brain activity with words they heard. After that, each person was asked to think of a story, and the AI tool managed to pick up these thoughts as they happened.
The results had about a 50% accuracy rate (准确率), although the AI found it hard to work out the meaning of pronouns, such as he or she, her or him. For example, it turned “I don’t have my driver’s license yet” into “She has not even started to learn to drive yet.” It could usually understand the meaning of what someone was thinking rather than the exact words. The AI was personalized, so when it had learnt from one person but it was tested on another, it couldn’t understand their thoughts.
The scientists, who have been working on the technology for 15 years, say they understand the risks of it being used badly. Scientist Jerry Tang told a newspaper, “We want to make sure people only use these types of technologies when they want to, and that it helps them.” The scientists hope it will help people with certain medical conditions, who are still awake but have lost the ability to speak, to communicate once again.
62. What is the main purpose of paragraph 2
A. To describe the process of the experiment.
B. To explain the results of the experiment.
C. To offer some opinions about the experiment.
D. To list the difficulties with the experiment.
解析：推理判断题。从第二段中的这几个动词短语：used a special scanner, can see where blood runs, taking part in the experiment, connect certain brain activity , was asked to think of, pick up these thoughts等看出这是对如何使用AI识别人脑思维的过程描述。故答案选A。
63. What does the example in paragraph 3 show
A. The AI is much cleverer than people.
B. The AI didn’t start the work as it was ordered.
C. The AI couldn’t understand the exact words of what people thought.
D. The AI will be well developed according to people’s special needs.
解析：推理判断题。第三段的example指的是: it turned “I don’t have my driver’s license yet” into “She has not started to learn to drive yet.”，此句说明了AI对人称的理解有偏差，也不能精确翻译人们大脑的思维，只是理解意思，并不能精确把握词汇的意思。故答案选C。
64. What can we learn from the text
A. It is not difficult to take AI under control.
B. AI will not be used in a proper way in the future.
C. AI is so wise that it can treat people with medical problems.
D. It’s expected that AI will help those speechless exchange ideas.
解析：推理判断题。这题是对整篇文章的一个推理判断。从第一段的 “Scientists have
developed a way to read minds, translating unspoken thoughts into written words.”和最后一段的 “The scientists hope it will help people with certain medical conditions, who are still awake but have lost the ability to speak, to communicate once again.” 以及文章中间部分对这种新技术的描述得知，科学家期望它能帮助那些无语言能力的人交流想法。故答案选D。
5. 选句填空（中考E篇）
这种题型主要考查考生对文章框架结构和对语篇逻辑关系把握的能力，要求考生根据文章内容和结构从短文后的五个选项中（通常为完整的句子），选出五个能填入文章空白处的最佳选项。具体包括理解全篇主旨大意，识别主题句，以及句与句之间的逻辑关系，段落与段落之间的逻辑关系等。设空以逻辑关系为线索，侧重补充完整后文章情节的合理性。
(1)解题步骤：
①通读全文，掌握文章大意。考生应先通读全文，尤其是首尾两段，掌握整篇文章的主旨大意。
②分析备选项，细读全文。通读全文之后，考生应分析备选项，找出关键词，根据文章结构、逻辑关系试填答案。要重点读设空处前后的句子，里面常含有代词、连接词、时态等有助于解题的关键线索。前面出现过的人或物，为了避免重复，后面会用相应的代词来指代；为使行文连贯，结构清晰，文中会用连接词来表明前后句子之间的关系，如because/so表因果关系，but/however表转折关系，what's more/besides表递进关系等；文章有时因为叙述的需要，也会涉及不同的时态。利用这些弄清段落之间、句子之间的关系，做题时就能有的放矢，提高准确率。
③复读全文，验证答案。将选好的句子代入文中，重新阅读全文，从语意、语境的角度核查所选句子是否正确。
(2)解题技巧：
①首段设空
说明文的首段起总起的作用，引出所要介绍的事物，引出下文；记叙文的首段通常会交代事情发生的背景，包括人物、时间、事件等，以此来引出下文。但若是应用文(邮件、演讲、通知等)，首段/句通常是问候用语，可能还会介绍自己发邮件的目的、演讲的话题、通知的事情主题等。
②文中设空
针对文中设空的题，考生需要联系上段或者下段所讲的内容，结合逻辑和常识找出相临近两段之间的关系(递进关系、转折关系等)或者联系点(相同/ 近的关键词)，从而选出正确答案。
③尾段设空
尾段多会对全文的内容进行总结，可能会告诉读者所发生事件的最终结果，主人公的感受和收获，也有可能会点出文章主旨，升华主题，告诉读者一个道理或哲理。但若是应用文
(邮件、演讲、通知等)，尾段/句通常是表达美好祝愿、感谢和鼓励之类的话语。
例13（2023年中考E篇）
Sailing a boat is great exercise, which can be enjoyed with family or friends. Many people all over the world sail each year. With some lessons and practice, you could be one of them. 66
● Understand the basics (基础知识).
When you’re starting out in sailing, learn the basics first. 67 It works like any sailboat-with sails to catch the wind and push the boat forward. The sailor, the person working the boat, has to be able to move the sails, as well as use a rudder (舵) in order to direct the boat where they want it to go.
● Find sailing near you.
The most important lesson you can learn in sailing is how to do it safely, with the help of experienced sailing coaches. 68 Then ask your parents to call them to find out what lessons or camps they have for kids in your age group.
● Prepare for your lesson.
As a beginner, your lesson will start on land. You’ll learn skills, like how to raise the sails by pulling on the lines. 69 It includes the boat and a life vest (救生衣). Ask what type of shoes you should wear, and dress in clothes that will dry easily.
● 70
Remember to always wear your life vest on or near water, even when you’re on the dock (码头). Don’t go near a boat or take one out unless your parents agree, and never sail or swim alone.
A. Stay safe. B. Here’s how to get started. C. You should begin on a small boat made for kids. D. The lesson should also provide most of what you need to sail. E. First, find sailing clubs and search for youth lessons near you.
【答案解析】
B 本题设空位置在文章第一段，因而一般是比较总结性的话语，且根据下文提的四个方法或建议可推断，本题答案为B。
C 本题设空位置在段落中间，所以联系空格前后句子，空格前说“先学基础的技巧” 提示初学者刚开始学的建议：先在小孩子用的小帆船上练习（比较简单），核对内容后可知本题答案选C。
E 本题位于“Find sailing near you.” 这个主题建议下面，根据空格前面提到的 “学习sailing需要保证安全，找专业的教练学习” 和 “ 请父母帮忙询问合适的课程” 推断出要 “找帆船俱乐部，咨询学习sailing 的课程。”故答案选 E。
D 本题设空位置在段落中间，根据本段开头两句可知是在描述课程的细节，根据空格后面的 “It includes the boat and a life vest.” 逻辑判断前面应该讲：这课程为你提供你学开帆船的必备物件。 故答案选A。
A 本题设空位置在段落开头，且为单独段落，所以答案应该是一个完整的建议，在根据下面段落的描述：要穿救生衣、......不要独自学驾驶帆船，可知是提示注意安全，故答
案选E。
第五部分 “短文填词”
一、中考要求
“短文填词”要求考生根据语境或所给单词的提示，在每个空格内填入一个恰当的词，补全一篇有10个空缺的短文, 要求所填的词意义准确、形式正确，使短文意思完整、行文连贯。考查的词汇都是课标词汇及其变形。
这是一道综合性较强的题目，它不仅考查学生在词汇、语法、习惯用法等方面的基础知识，还考查学生的理解、推理、分析等综合运用能力。短文填词选材多为考生比较熟悉的、地道的语言材料，词数一般在170—250词左右。
解题方法
（一）解题步骤
1.快速浏览文章，初步确定需填词的词性，如名词、副词、动词等，同时对词义做初步的理解。
2.通读全文，通过上下文充分理解短文内容，注意发现固定搭配关系，猜测空格中所缺信息，根据需要筛选与之匹配的最佳答案。
3.在填词过程中要“瞻前顾后”，所填词既要符合本句的含义，又要保证句式结构及语法知识的正确。
4.完成填词后，应通读全文，复核校对，检查单词拼写是否正确，是否有语法错误及选用词语是否为最佳答案。
（二）解题技巧
1.有提示词的情况（即根据所给词的适当形式填空）
（1）括号内提供的为动词
①所填词作谓语，需考虑时态、语态及主谓一致。
例1：He worked ( work ) day and night at the drawing of the bridge and found out that ...
—2022年福建中考（考查时态）
例2：It was first developed (develop) in China as Wushu, but...
—2021年福建中考（考查语态）
例3：Rice is （be）always the main food for the Chinese.
—2020年福建中考（考查时态，同时需要考虑主谓一致性）
例4：The Weifang government has encouraged (encourage) local people to learn traditional handicraft...
—2023年福建中考（考查时态）
例5: Nie started (start) to learn to make clay tigers in 2010...
—2023年福建中考（考查时态）
例6：Nie Peng is (be) a young villager in Niejiazhuang.
—2023年福建中考（考查时态，同时需要考虑主谓一致性）
②所填词可为非谓语动词，需考虑充当的成分和搭配。
例1：He thought of building ( build) bow-shaped arches(拱) instead of stone supports.
—2022年福建中考（考查非谓语动词，介词后面接动词的 ing 形式）
例2： It’s a perfect way to help give you a sense of happiness and peace after spending (spend) a tiring day. —2021年福建中考（考查非谓语动词，介词后面接动词的 ing 形式）
（2）括号内提供的为形容词或者副词
①若括号内为形容词，一般要转换成副词
例1: He really (real) hopes that the sculpture handicraft will be passed down.
—2023年福建中考
例2：He was greatly (great) excited by the idea, —2022年福建中考
例3：you breathe deeply (deep) and naturally with meditation. —2021年福建中考
②若括号内为副词，一般要转换成形容词。
例：The cake tastes delicious (deliciously) .
③有时会出现比较级或最高级的形式：通常有表示范围的in/of介词短语或形容词前出现the时，一般要用最高级；than前以及even，much等词汇后则用比较级。
例: The handicraft has become an important way for local people to get richer (rich) than
before.
—2023年福建中考
（3）括号内提供的是名词
①空格放在冠词、物主代词、指示代词、数词或形容词等之后，则依然填写名词，但要注意单复数变化。
例1: Now there are tigers of different sizes (size). —2023年福建中考
例2: People had rebuilt the bridge many times ( time). —2022年福建中考
例3: For centuries, much land has been devoted (奉献) to rice-planting and many Chinese people are farmers (farmer), who work very hard for each grain.
—2020年福建中考
②也可能会考查名词变形容词、动词等。
例：Today, Dr. Lonnie Johnson has more than 100 useful (use) inventions.
—2018年福建中考（考查名词变形容词，作定语）
（4）括号内提供的是物主代词主格
①空格放在动词和介词之后，则需要主格改成宾格，构成动宾和介宾关系。
例：We do not know whether this story is true, but it tells us (we) that rice has the same value
as gold to the Chinese. —2020年福建中考
②空格放在名词之前，则需要把主格改成形容词性物主代词，用于修饰名词。
例: He has led lots of young craftsmen(手艺人) in and near his (he) village to make colored
clay sculpture. —2023年福建中考
2.无提示词（即根据语境填空）的情况
这类题主要填写代词、冠词、介词、连词等。首先应分析句子结构，根据句子所缺成分填写或根据两句之间的逻辑关系确定填写内容。
填代词
填人称代词（宾格）
例： His friends called him “The Little Scientist”. —2018年福建中考
填不定冠词或定冠词
例1：He began learning it from his father when he was a child. —2023年福建中考
例2： The food brought down a large stone bridge. —2022年福建中考
例3：it's becoming one of the most popular sports around the world. —2021年福建中考
例4：The frog told her to hold out her fishing net to the sun’s rays and he would sing a magic song. —2020年福建中考
填介词，固定搭配的词组。
例1： At first, the clay tigers were all of the same small size. —2023年福建中考
例2：“What’s wrong with it ” —2022年福建中考
例3：And they were changed into \ to golden grains（谷粒）of rice.
—2020年福建中考
（4）填连词
①并列连词。包括并列关系连词（如and），转折关系连词（如but，though），选择关系连词（如or），因果关系连词（如because，so）等。
例1：Today Nie cares for the future of clay sculpture handicraft and encourages young craftsmen to create more works. —2023年福建中考
例2：It was safe and beautiful. —2022年福建中考
例3：so you can either look for local clubs or ask at school about classes. —2021年福建中考
②从属连词。
例： Whether we will go for a picnic tomorrow remains unknown. 主语从句
Could you tell me how you can use it 宾语从句
They will go to the zoo if it doesn’t rain tomorrow. 状语从句
(5) 根据上下文语境填词
填写这类词的前提是需要正确理解上下文的语义并理清其中的逻辑关系。因为填写的词性可以各种各样，所以难度系数较高。
例：For example, when the weather is cold , the toilet seats will be heated.
—2018年漳州市质检
注意：2023年中考，没有考查根据音标写单词的试题。
第四部分 “看图写话”
一、中考要求
“看图写话”题型是以图画和关键词作为材料, 考查学生读图、对关键词进行联想和表达的能力, 也是英文写作的第一步——单句表达。其内容主要包括：人物活动描述、事物状态、景物描绘、行为规范陈述等。这一题型考查的句型结构多样，但都较为基础，涉及简单句的六种基本句型、祈使句、感叹句、主从复合句等，并结合时态、语态进行考查。其中动词时态包括六大常考时态: 一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时和现在完成时。除此之外，有时还会考查到被动语态，一般只考查一般现在时、一般过去时和一般将来时的被动语态。常考的固定句型结构有 “It’s+adj.+(for/of sb.)+to do sth.”、 “There be”句型、表示建议的句式以及表达对比的句型结构。常考的复合句包括when和while引导的时间状语从句、if引导的条件状语从句、because引导的原因状语从句以及so...that引导的结果状语从句等。
中考评分标准：
每小题能够写出一个符合图意的完整、正确的句子得2分；
能基本说明图意，写出主要句子结构，得1-1.5分；
能传递个别信息，得0.5分。
二、解题技巧及答题规范
下面以2023年福建省中考5道“看图写话”为例，说明解题步骤与技巧。
76. now 77. next Sunday 78. have, yesterday
79. long, of all 80. important
参考答案：
76. The girl is cooking now.
77. The boy is going to fly a kite next Sunday.
78. We had fish yesterday.
79. Lily’s ruler is the longest of all.
80. It’s important to plant trees.
1.图文结合，审清题意
做题时，先从整体入手，初步感知图画呈现的主要内容和题中所给的提示词。一般而言,图画提供的内容是句子的主语或主语活动 / 状态 / 地点, 或表明范畴，有时也表明宾语；所给的提示词则可以决定句型结构、时态、语态。
先认真解读，信息要全；再组织语言,构建句子。熟练掌握简单的六种基本句型、祈使句、感叹句、主从复合句、固定句型结构等基础上，加上对句子时态的判断，并注意句子的主要成分是主语、谓语、宾语、补语、表语，初步组织语言构建句子。中考的评分标准也给我们这样的启示：先确定句子主干，再关注其它；不漏掉题目要求表达的内容；并符合英语表达习惯。
76题
图片为一个女孩在做饭，确定主语“girl”, 而动作为煮饭“cook”;
提示词now（现在）, 说明时态要用现在进行时（am/is/are doing），因此可以初步写出：
Girl is cooking now.
77题
图片里一个小男孩在放风筝，确定主语“boy”，宾语“kite”；
提示词next Sunday（下周天），说明时态要用一般将来时(will/be going to do)，因此可以初步写成：
Boy will fly kite next Sunday. 或者写成Boy is going to fly kite next Sunday.
78题
图片是一盘鱼肉，暂且不能确定“fish”当主语还是宾语；
提示词have（吃）, yesterday（昨天），说明时态用一般过去时，因此have要用过去式had；
结合图片和提示词，可以写出昨天某人吃了鱼，因为图片中没有出现人物，因此主语随意：
I/We/He/They had fish yesterday.
79题
图片中有三把尺子，最长的那把是莉莉的（Lily's），确定主语应为“Lily's ruler”；
提示词long（长）, of all（在所有中），在所有尺子中最长的，因此要用最高级，形容词long要变成longest，句子初步写成：
Lily’s ruler is longest of all.
80题
图片中两个小孩在种树，“plant” 是种，树是“tree”；
提示词important(重要的)，可以用上It's +adj. (for sb.) to do sth.的结构，句子初步写成：
It's important to plant tree.
2.图文核对，关注细节
（1）关于名词：可数名词单数通常不能单独使用，需要有冠词或者one’s修饰，否则用其复数形式，如fly a kite/fly kites；因此76，77 的主语boy和girl要有冠词修饰，77题的宾语kite，以及80题的宾语tree同样的也要加冠词或者变成复数，这几句修改如下：
76. The girl is cooking now.
77. The boy is going to fly a kite next Sunday.
80. It’s important to plant trees.
名词单复数通常要依照图片信息，但是如果图片如80题那样，虽然孩子们只是种一棵树，但是种树本身是很重要的，树仍用复数。
（2）关于人称：图片出现人物，通常用第三人称；图片中没有出现人物，则人称不限。如78题可用:
78. I/She/He/We/They had fish yesterday.
（3）关于词性：提示词的词性不能修改，但是可以在原来的词性上变形，比如提示词是long, 可以变成形容词的比较级或者最高级，最高级前要加the，因此79题应改为：
79. Lily's ruler is the longest of all.
3. 最后一步检查提示词是否都用上，是否涵盖图片信息。
第六部分 “书面表达”
一、中考要求
《课程标准》在五级语言技能目标对“写”的要求如下：1.能根据写作要求，收集、准备素材；2.能独立起草短文、短信等，并在教师的指导下进行修改；3.能使用常见的连接词表示顺序和逻辑关系；4.能简单描述人物或事件；5.能根据图示或表格写出简单的段落或操作说明。
中考“书面表达”评分标准如下：
档次 分值 评分标准
第五档 13—15 包含所有信息，内容完整，语句通顺，意思连贯。没有或基本没有语法、拼写错误，书写规范，词数符合要求。
第四档 10—12 包含大部分信息，内容较完整，表达基本清楚，语句较通顺，有少量语法、拼写错误，书写规范，词数基本符合要求。
第三档 7—9 写出基本信息，语句基本通顺，但句子较简单，表达不够清楚，有部分语法、拼写错误。书写基本规范。
第二档 4—6 写出部分信息，表达不清楚，有较多语法、拼写错误。。
第一档 1—3 仅能传递个别信息，通篇只有个别句子可读。
0分 只字未写，或写的内容与所要求的内容无关。
二、解题技巧及答题规范
下面结合近几年福建省中考英语书面表达实例谈谈这个题型的解题步骤与技巧：
（一）审题
认真审题是写好作文的前提，一般地，审题包含两个要素：审要求、审主体信息和要点。
1.审要求：明确写作要求以确定写作对象、体裁、主题，选定要使用的人称、时态、语态，此外，要注意词数要求；
2.审主体信息和要点：总览题目要求，划分信息和要点，特别是图表信息。
纵观这几年福建中考英语写作，可以发现，有好几个年份的中考英语写作内容包含某项活动，如2008年的“武术节”、2020年的“中医进校园”、2021年“English Day”活动、2022年“实践活动”。此类活动的要点比较类似，包含此项活动的名称、时间、地点、内容，以及考生参加本次活动的感受。文中需使用到的时态比较多样。以2022年福建省中考英语书面表达为例：
假定你是李华，近日你校开展了以“热爱劳动，珍惜粮食”为主题的实践活动。请你结合以下的图示，用英语给笔友John写一封信，分享活动过程和感受。词数 80 左右。
注意事项∶
必须包含所有提示信息，可适当发挥，开头已给出，不计入总词数;
意思清楚，表达通顺，行文连贯，书写规范;
请勿在文中使用真实的姓名和校名。
Dear John,
How is everything going
Yours,
Li Hua
通过审题我们知道，本篇是给笔友写一封信，分享一次主题为“热爱劳动，珍惜粮食”的实践活动的过程和感受，以此判断可用第一人称“I或we”以轻松的口吻写这篇文章，使用了三种时态：表达作者观点的内容用一般时态，使用主动语态；介绍活动的内容和过程可用一般过去时；表达作者参加活动的感受，可用一般过去时或者现在完成时来描述。
从所给图表我们可以看出，其关键信息点包括：此次实践活动的名称为“one-day experience in rice fields”、时间”On June 18、地点 “the community farm”、内容含三项，需要考生补充参加本次活动的感受。
有一类中考写作内容主体不含活动，如2019年的给“机器人制作获奖”的朋友写信及2023年的小导游自荐信，包含的要求和要点比较不同，具有较大的开放性。以2023年福建省中考英语书面表达为例：
91. 某地“美丽乡村(Beautiful Village)”项目吸引了不少外宾，暑假期间需要数名擅长英语的小导游。假定你是李华，希望成为其中的一员。请你结合以下表格提示，给该项目的外事负责人王先生写一封英文自荐信。词数80左右。
What kind of person you are friendly, active...
What you are good at speak English, tell stories...
What you can do introduce local culture, help foreigners...
注意事项：
1. 必须包含所有提示信息，可适当发挥，开头已给出，不计入总词数；
2. 意思清楚，表达通顺，行文连贯，书写规范；
3. 请勿在文中使用真实的姓名、校名和地名。
Dear Mr. Wang,
I am Li Hua. I am glad to know that you are in need of some tour guides.
Yours,
Li Hua
通过审题我们知道，本篇是作者给外事负责人王先生写自荐信，自荐参与外宾小导游的工作。由此判断需用第一人称“I”，以热情洋溢和自信的语气书写这封信；介绍自己的性格和特长用一般现在时态，使用主动语态；要求写的内容“What you can do”应指“能胜任的岗位”，可以用一般将来时，但由于要求的内容中有“can”，降低了难度，可直接应用到句子，不需使用一般将来时。
从所给文字材料及表格我们可以看出，其关键信息点包括：介绍自己的性格、特长和能胜任的岗位。补充自己写这封信的目的、自己的性格、特长及能胜任的岗位，以及自荐信需使用到的礼貌用语，如“I would be thankful if I could be given the chance.”。本篇具有较大开放性，需补充加以丰富内容以达到字数要求。
（二）谋篇布局：列提纲、分段落
在全面审题、充分理解题目的基础上，可以着手准备进行写作，纵观这几年的中考英语写作，不难发现英语写作以说明性写作为主，主要让考生介绍某些东西、对某些现象进行描述或对某些问题进行答复。与故事类不同，说明性写作意味着段与段之间的内在联系相对松散，可以根据需要将整篇作文分为若干个段落，不同段落各有侧重，最后形成一篇完整的文章。以2021年福建省中考英语书面表达为例：
假定你是学校英语报小证记者李华，上周学校开展了“English Day”活动，请你根据下面的海报和学生参加活动的数据写一篇报道，介绍活动情况以及同学们的感受。词数80左右。
该写作要求考生写一篇介绍“English Day”的短文，内容主要是“介绍活动情况以及同学们的感受”，结合图片以及写作要求，可以试着将该篇写作分为三个段落，各段主要内容及使用到的句式或关键词(块)如下：
第一段：侧重介绍活动的时间和地点；
It took place, from...to...
第二段：侧重介绍活动的内容；
include three activities, half of..., take part in
第三段：侧重介绍同学们的参与感受。
speak highly of
这样的安排使各段重点突出、条理清晰，读起来一目了然。有的考生可能在第三段写作
遇到挑战——平时所学到能够用于表示感受的词语似乎有限。但是如果进行适当分析，问题就能迎刃而解。介绍感受时，可以先描述大家的总体感受，如，“We spoke highly of the English Day.”，再具体一些，详细描述某个特定群体的感受，如“Most of the students felt excited because...”，“Some students looked unhappy because...”。需要注意的是，不论从什么角度描述什么样的情感，都不要忘了对原因进行适当描述，它可以让文章结构更完整、内容更充实，最重要的是，避免无话可说的尴尬，如“We learnt a lot through practice. It also made us come to realize the importance of teamwork.”。
再看一下2020年福建中考英语书面表达，同样是说明性文章写作：
假定你是李华，你的新西兰朋友David对中医很感兴趣。请你结合以下图示，用英语写一封电子邮件，向他推荐即将在你校举办的“传统中医进校园”的宣传日活动，说明推荐理由，并请他关注线上相关信息。词数80左右。
注意事项：
1. 必须包含所有提示信息，可适当发挥，开头已给出，不计入总词数；
2. 意思清楚，表达通顺，行文连贯，书写规范；
3. 请勿在文中使用真实的姓名和校名。
Dear David,
I'm pleased to know that you're interested in Chinese medicine.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
本篇的主题是介绍一项即将进校园的活动——传统中医日，通过分析题目要求和图表内容，可以将段落划分如下：
第一段：侧重介绍活动的名称、时间和地点。
第二段：详细介绍活动的内容、推荐理由以及了解更多关于活动信息的途径。
第三段：邀请朋友参加该活动。
文章首段要写的内容应开门见山，紧扣主题。本文首段已给出首句，紧接着我们可这样写：I’d like to tell you that Traditional Chinese Medicine Day is going to take place in our school. 这样的句子开门见山，紧扣主题，简单明了，并能引出下一段。
第二段写中心内容, 应注意基本句式的使用，虽然上述活动内容都可以用There be句式表达，为避免枯燥，活动内容有层次，应在列提纲时就注意变换句式；当然也应避免只用一句表达完成，以免字数不够；推荐理由和通过网站了解更多的信息的途径在这里被归为第二段，也可归为第三段。
第三段结尾句应简明扼要，再现主题。本文可用“I hope you can come and have a visit.”因为前面内容已很丰富，作为书信的本文也可用“Best wishes.” 来结束。
一篇短文写作耗时20分钟左右，考生应该将5到10分钟的时间用在谋篇布局这个环节，段落分好了、内容确定了、句式想清楚了，写起来就能够行云流水、一气呵成，呈现出来的是文笔流畅、要点全面的文章，反之，则可能思路混乱、条理不清晰、文笔错误频出。
（三）检查优化
正如中考评分标准所述，要拿高分作文，文章须得语句通顺，意思连贯、流畅，所以检查优化很重要。
优化句子
在有把握的前提下，要灵活变换一些词汇和句式。
以2018年福建省中考英语作文为例。
假如你是李华，你的英国笔友 Henry对武术感兴趣。请你根据图表提示，用英语给他写一封电子邮件，邀请他暑期来观摩你校举办的首届武术节，感受中华武术文化。词数80左右。
Time July 7 to 9, 2018
Activities Competitions, shows
History of Wushu Thousands of years
Benefits（益处）of Wushu …
本篇写作的重点在于武术的益处(benefits of Wushu)。学生最为熟悉的句子为Wushu is good for our health.此时可将这个平淡的表达法进行优化。如：
Practicing Wushu is good for our health. (利用动名词短语进行优化)
It’s good for our health to practice Wushu in our daily life.(利用形式主语it进行优化)
As we all know, practicing Wushu is good for our health. (利用高级短语进行优化)
It’s clear that practicing Wushu is good for people’s health.(利用复合句进行优化)
巧用过渡句优化
过渡句能起到承上启下，达到上下文连贯的作用，如本文中可用Here I’ve got good news
for you. 或Here is a piece of good news.作为过渡句。此外，在写作过程中，我们也经常用Let me tell you something about it./ Now I’ll show you…/ Let me share the good news with you.等来作为过渡句。结尾句应简明扼要，再现主题。如本文可用I hope you will come and experience Chinese Wushu culture. / I hope you can also enjoy Chinese Wushu culture./ Would you like to come and join us 等。
3. 得体运用连接词
常见的连词有and（并列），however（转折），while（对比），because（因果），if（条件），so….that / such…that（结果），so that（目的），even if（让

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