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Unit 5 Poem 诗
Reading and Thinking
A Few Simple Forms of English Poems
英语诗歌的几种简单形式
There are various reasons why people compose poetry. Some poems tell a story or describe a certain image in the reader's mind. Others try to convey certain feelings such as joy and sorrow. The distinctive characteristics of poetry often include economical use of words, descriptive and vivid language, integrated imagery, literary devices such as similes and metaphors, and arrangement of words, lines, rhymes, and rhythm. Poets use many different forms of poetry to express themselves. Now we will look at a few of the simpler forms.
人们创作诗歌的原因有很多。有些诗歌讲述了一个故事或描述了读者脑海中的某个形象。其他人则尽力传达某些感觉，例如喜悦和悲伤。诗歌的鲜明特征通常包括节约用词、描述性和生动的语言、综合意象、明喻和隐喻等文学手法，以及词语、行、韵和节奏的安排。诗人使用许多不同形式的诗歌来表达自己。现在我们将看一些更简单的形式。
There are various reasons why people compose poetry. 人们创作诗歌的原因有很多。
there be句型：有(就近原则) various [ ve ri s]各种各样的 reason[ ri zn]原因
compose [k m p z]创作/组成/使平静 poetry [ p tr ]诗/诗歌
why 引导定语从句，对reason进行修饰
Some poems tell a story or describe a certain image in the reader's mind.
有些诗歌讲述了一个故事或描述了读者脑海中的某个形象。
tell告诉 story故事 or或者/否则 describe描述 certain [ s tn]一定的/肯定的/确定的
image [ m d ]n形象/模样 reader读者 mind [ma nd]思想/精神(v)介意+doing
Others try to convey certain feelings such as joy and sorrow.
其他人则尽力传达某些感觉，例如喜悦和悲伤。
try to do sth尽力做某事 convey [k n ve ]运送/传达 feeling感觉 such as例如-- for example
joy/delight [d la t] /happiness喜悦 [ s r ] sorrow/sadness悲伤
The distinctive characteristics of poetry often include economical use of words, descriptive and vivid language, integrated imagery, literary devices such as similes and metaphors, and arrangement of words, lines, rhymes, and rhythm.
诗歌的鲜明特征通常包括节约用词、描述性和生动的语言、综合意象、明喻和隐喻等文学手法，以及词语、行、韵和节奏的安排。
distinctive [d st kt v] 独特的/特殊的/鲜明的 characteristic[ k r kt r st k]特有的/独特的(n)特点/特征/特色
often经常 include [ n klu d]包括/包含 economical [ i k 'n m kl]经济的/节约的/省钱的
vivid[ v v d]生动的 language[ l ɡw d ]语言 integrated [ nt ɡre t d]综合的/整合的
imagery [ m d r ]意象/想象 literary [ l t r r ]文学的/正式的/书面的 device [d va s]手段/方法/策略/设备
such as例如 simile[ s m l ]微笑 metaphor[ met f ]暗喻/比喻 arrangement [ re nd m nt]协议/安排
line [la n]线/轮廓/列(V)给…加里衬/排列成行 rhyme [ra m](n)韵/(v)押韵 rhythm [ r m]节奏/律动
Poets use many different forms of poetry to express themselves. Now we will look at a few of the simpler forms.
诗人使用许多不同形式的诗歌来表达自己。现在我们将看一些更简单的形式。
poet[ p t]诗人 use使用/利用 many许多的 different不同的 form形式
express [ k spres]表达 now现在 will将会 simpler['s mpl r]更简单的(比较级)
Some of the first poems a young child learns in English are nursery rhymes. They are usually the traditional poems or folk songs. The language of these rhymes, like Poem A, is to the point but has a storyline. Many children enjoy nursery rhymes because they rhyme, have a strong rhythm, and often repeat the same words. The poems may not make sense and even seem contradictory, but they are easy to learn and recite. By playing with the words in nursery rhymes, children learn about language.
幼儿用英语学习的第一首诗是童谣。它们通常是传统诗歌或民歌。这些押韵的语言，就像诗A一样，切中要害，但有故事情节。许多孩子喜欢童谣，因为它们押韵，节奏强烈，并且经常重复相同的单词。这些诗可能没有意义，甚至看起来很矛盾，但它们很容易学习和背诵。通过玩童谣中的单词，孩子们可以学习语言。
Some of the first poems a young child learns in English are nursery rhymes.
幼儿用英语学习的第一首诗是童谣。
the+序数词 first第一个/第一的 young [j ]年轻的 child[t a ld]孩子 learn学习
in+某种语言 用…语言 [ n sr ] 幼儿的nursery rhymes[ra m]童谣
定语从句,省略了连接词，修饰poems
They are usually the traditional poems or folk songs.
它们通常是传统的诗歌或民间的歌曲。
usually[ ju u li]经常/通常 traditional [tr d nl]传统的 poem[ p m]诗 folk [f k]民间的
song[s ]音乐
The language of these rhymes, like Poem A, is to the point but has a storyline.
这些押韵的语言，就像诗A一样，切中要害，但有故事情节。
language [ l ɡw d ]语言 rhymes[ra m]押韵 point [p nt]指向 storyline [ st rila n]故事情节
Many children enjoy nursery rhymes because they rhyme, have a strong rhythm, and often repeat the same words.
许多孩子喜欢童谣，因为它们押韵，节奏强烈，并且经常重复相同的单词。
many许多的 children [ t ldr n]孩子们 enjoy [ n d ](v)享受 because [b k z]因为
strong [str ]强壮的/坚强的 repeat [r pi t](v)重复/复述 same [se m]相同的 word[w d]单词
The poems may not make sense and even seem contradictory, but they are easy to learn and recite.
这些诗可能没有意义，甚至看起来很矛盾，但它们很容易学习和背诵。
poem[ p m]诗 make sense [me k sens]有意义 sense [sens]n含义/意义 even [ i vn]甚至
seem [si m]似乎 contradictory [ k ntr d kt ri]矛盾的/对立的 easy [ i zi]简单的 learn [l n]学习
recite [r sa t](v)背诵/朗诵
By playing with the words in nursery rhymes, children learn about language.
通过玩童谣中的单词，孩子们可以学习语言。
by+ doing 通过 play with 和…一起玩 word [w d]单词 learn about学习 language[ l ɡw d ]语言
One of the simplest kinds of poem is the "list poem", which contains a list of things, people, ideas, or descriptions that develop a particular theme. List poems have a flexible line length and repeated phrases which give both a pattern and a rhythm to the poem. Some rhyme (like B and C), while others do not.
最简单的诗歌之一是“列表诗”，它包含发展特定主题的事物、人物、想法或描述的列表。列表诗具有灵活的行长和重复的短语，为诗歌提供了模式和节奏。有些押韵（如 B 和 C），而另一些则不押韵。
One of the simplest kinds of poem is the "list poem", which contains a list of things, people, ideas, or descriptions that develop a particular theme.
最简单的诗歌之一是“列表诗”，它包含发展特定主题的事物、人物、想法或描述的列表.
one of+ the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数 …之一
[ s mpl] simple简单的—simpler更简单的—simplest最简单的
kind种类/善良的—kindness(n)善良 poem诗 list[l st]列表 contain[k n te n] 包含
a list of…的列表/清单 thing [θ ]事情 people[ pi pl]人们 idea[a d ]主意
description [d skr p n] 描述 develop [d vel p]发展—development(n)发展
particular [p t kj l ]特定的/特殊的 theme [θi m]主题
which引导的非限制性定语从句
List poems have a flexible line length and repeated phrases which give both a pattern and a rhythm to the poem.
列表诗具有灵活的行长和重复的短语，为诗歌提供了模式和节奏。
flexible [ fleks bl]可变通的/易弯曲的 line [la n]线/线条/轮廓 length [le θ](n)长度/长—long长的
repeat [r pi t]重写/重复/重说 phrase [fre z] 短语/说法/用语 give给 both…and… 两者都 pattern [ p tn]模式/图案
Some rhyme (like B and C), while others do not. 有些押韵（如 B 和 C），而另一些则不押韵。
some[s m , s m]一些 like [la k]喜欢/比如/像 while然而/当/虽然 other其他的—others其他人/物
Another simple form of poem that amateurs can easily write is the cinquain, which is made up of five lines. With these, you can convey a strong picture or a certain mood in just a few words. Look at the example (D).
业余爱好者可以轻松写的另一种简单形式的诗歌是五行诗，它由五行组成。有了这些，您可以用几句话传达强烈的画面或某种情绪。请看示例（D）。
Another simple form of poem that amateurs can easily write is the cinquain, which is made up of five lines.
业余爱好者可以轻松写的另一种简单形式的诗歌是五行诗，它由五行组成。
another[ n (r)]另一个 simple [ s mpl]简单的 form [f m]形式/表格 poem诗
amateur[ m t (r)]业余的/业余爱好的/业余爱好者 easy[ i zi]简单的—easily [ i z li]简单地
write[ra t]写/写作 cinquain [s 'ke n] 五行诗 be made up of 由…组成/构成
five五 make—made—made制造/制作/使 line [la n]线/行
which引导的非限制性定语从句，对cinquain进行修饰
With these, you can convey a strong picture or a certain mood in just a few words. Look at the example (D).
有了这些，您可以用几句话传达强烈的画面或某种情绪。请看示例（D）。
with用/随着/伴随 these [ i z]这些 can能够(情态动词)+do convey [k n ve ]传输/传送
strong [str ]强壮的/坚强的 picture[ p kt (r)]照片/图片 or或者/否则 certain [ s tn] 确定的
mood[mu d]心情 just 仅仅/刚刚 in a few words用几句话 look at看 example [ ɡ zɑ mpl]例子
Haiku is a Japanese form of poetry that consists of 17 syllables. It has a format of three lines, containing 5, 7, and 5 syllables respectively. It is not a traditional form of English poetry, but is very popular with English writers. It is easy to write and, like the cinquain, can give a clear picture and create a special feeling using very few words. The haiku poem (E) on the right is a translation from Japanese, which shows a moment in the life of a delicate butterfly.
俳句是一种日本诗歌形式，由 17 个音节组成。它有三行的格式，分别包含 5、7 和 5 个音节。它不是英语诗歌的传统形式，但很受英国作家的欢迎。它很容易写，并且像 cinquain 一样，可以用很少的单词给出清晰的画面并营造出一种特殊的感觉。右边的俳句诗（E）是从日语翻译过来的，它展示了一只精致的蝴蝶生命中的瞬间。
Haiku is a Japanese form of poetry that consists of 17 syllables.
俳句是一种日本诗歌形式，由 17 个音节组成。
Japanese [ d p ni z]日本人/日本的 poetry [ p tri]诗/诗集/诗歌 [k n s st] consist of由…构成
syllable[ s l bl]音节 that引导定语从句
It has a format of three lines, containing 5, 7, and 5 syllables respectively.
它有三行的格式，分别包含 5、7 和 5 个音节。
format [ f m t]格式(v)格式化 three三 contain[k n te n]包含 respectively [r spekt vli]分别地/各自地
It is not a traditional form of English poetry, but is very popular with English writers.
它不是英语诗歌的传统形式，但很受英国作家的欢迎。
traditional [tr d nl]传统的—tradition传统 be popular with 受…的欢 popular [ p pj l (r)]受欢迎的
It is easy to write and, like the cinquain, can give a clear picture and create a special feeling using very few words.
它很容易写，并且像五行诗一样，可以用很少的单词给出清晰的画面并营造出一种特殊的感觉。
it is/was+ adj+ （for sb） +（ to do sth）对于某人来说，做…是…的
clear [kl (r)]清楚的/明确的 create [kri e t]创建/创造—creation（n） special [ spe l]特别的/特殊的
feel感觉--feeling [ fi l ](n)感觉 use[ju z]使用 very非常 word单词
The haiku poem (E) on the right is a translation from Japanese, which shows a moment in the life of a delicate butterfly.
右边的俳句诗（E）是从日语翻译过来的，它展示了一只精致的蝴蝶生命中的瞬间。
on the right[ra t]在右边 translation翻译(n)[tr nz le n]—translate(v) show[ ]展示/显示
moment[ m m nt]瞬间/时刻/片刻 life [la f]生活/生命 delicate [ del k t]微妙的/精美的
butterfly [ b t fla ]蝴蝶
English speakers also enjoy poems from China, those from the Tang Dynasty in particular. A lot of Tang poetry has been translated into English, such as this one (F).
说英语的人也喜欢中国的诗歌，尤其是唐代的诗歌。很多唐诗都被翻译成英文，比如这首（F）。
English speakers also enjoy poems from China, those from the Tang Dynasty in particular.
说英语的人也喜欢中国的诗歌，尤其是唐代的诗歌。
English[ 'i gli ]英语 speaker[ spi k (r)]演讲者 also [ ls ]也 enjoy [ n d ]享受/欣赏
from来自 dynasty [ da n sti]王朝/朝代 in particular[p t kj l (r)]尤其
A lot of Tang poetry has been translated into English, such as this one (F).
很多唐诗都被翻译成英文，比如这首（F）。
a lot of=lots of许多的 translate …into… 把…翻译成… such as例如
one代指诗
With so many different forms of poetry to choose from, you may eventually want to write poems of your own. Give it a try!
有这么多不同形式的诗歌可供选择，你最终可能想写自己的诗。试一试吧！
so many+可数名词复数 如此多的… different [ d fr nt]不同的 choose[t u z]选择
may可能（情态动词） eventually [ vent u li]最终/最后 want to do sth想要做某事
one’s own[ n]某人自己的 give it a try尝试一下 try [tra ]尝试/试图/尽力

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