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2023学年度第二学期建平中学高三英语3月检测
I. Listening Comprehension (25%)
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. A. Husband and wife. B. Boss and assistant.
C. Nurse and patient. D. Manager and customer.
2. A. At a post office B. At a flower shop.
C. At a department store. D. At a bus station.
3. A. He is unemployed at present. B. He owns a company now.
C. He still works in the agency. D. He is unable to support his family.
4. A. At 10:00. B. At 10:20. C. At 11:00. D. At 11:20.
5. A. Satisfied. B. Relieved. C. Surprised. D. Embarrassed.
6. A. The woman didn’t post any postcard from Egypt.
B. The man has never collected any postcards.
C. The woman will go to Egypt for her holiday.
D. The man begins to take up collecting postcards.
7. A. She can’t afford that much for a trip.
B. She is fortunate to have made a lot of money.
C. She doesn’t think 5,000 dollars is enough for the trip.
D. She considers 5,000 dollars only a small sum of money.
8. A. He wants to buy the new car. B. He thinks his signature is necessary.
C. He has already signed a contract. D. He doesn’t always say what he means.
9. A. The man had poor imagination because of the car accident.
B. The man must have advised the woman to wear the seat belt.
C. The woman was likely to have got seriously injured in the car accident.
D. The woman wasn’t wearing the seat belt when the accident happened.
10. A. Violence sports are the source of social instability.
B. Violence sports are to blame for crime and school bullying.
C. Violence sports serve as an escape for negative emotions.
D. Violence sports won’t attract many people’s interest in the long run.
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear several longer conversation(s) and short passage(s), and you will be asked several questions on each of the conversation(s) and the passage(s). The conversation(s) and the passage(s) will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
11. A. To explain a new requirement for graduation.
B. To interest students in a community service project.
C. To discuss the problems of elementary school students.
D. To involve elementary school teachers in a special program.
12. A. Providing jobs for graduating students.
B. Helping education majors prepare for final exams.
C. Offering tutorials to elementary school students.
D. Funding for a community service project.
13. A. He teaches part-time in a local elementary school.
B. He observes elementary school students in the classroom.
C. He helps students who need consult prepare their resume.
D. He gives support to students who participate in a special program.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
14. A. They want to eat in a fashionable way like young people.
B. They prefer to eat food that is tastier and more widely accepted.
C. They become aware of the harm processed foods do to health.
D. They try to change their way of processing foods little by little.
15. A. They contain not too many chemical additives.
B. They are cultivated in the soil rich in organic matters.
C. They produce as many calories as processed foods.
D. They are usually grown in commercial farming areas.
16. A. They are allowed to move about and eat freely.
B. They are tasty though kept in the crowded building.
C. They can hardly grow in a healthy way without good food.
D. They produce eggs which usually contain important vitamins..
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
17. A. It was on a cross street. B. They had no time to see it.
C. It had no parking space. D. They weren’t in favour of it.
18. A. It is too small in size. B. It blocks the air-conditioner.
C. It admits heat from the late afternoon sun. D. It stops the sun beating down on the curtains.
19. A. Parking and desk space. B. Parking and air-conditioning.
C. Privacy and cleanliness. D. A cheerful kitchen and a separate dining area.
20. A. The one on 68th Street. B. The one on 72nd Street.
C. The one on 88th Street. D. The one on 80th Street.
II. Grammar and Vocabulary (20%)
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Animal-rights activists often complain that cute beasts get more sympathy than ugly ones. If so, one would think a lovely creature like the mink (貂) would be easy to protect. Yet in the Netherlands, mink is the only animal (21) ______ can still legally be farmed for their fur. That is about to change. On August 28th the government brought forward to this year a ban (22) ______ mink-farming that had been scheduled to take effect in 2025. The timetable was sped up not because mink had become more adorable, (23) ______ because they can contract covid-19 and spread it to humans.
Dutch farmers normally raised about 2.5 million minks a year, (24) ______ (make) the Netherlands the world’s fourth-largest producer after Denmark, China and Poland. In April, a couple of minks and the farm hands who tended them (25) ______ (diagnose) with covid-19. Genetic tracing showed that at least two workers had probably been infected by mink, rather than the other way around. The affected animals were destroyed and stricter hygiene rules were imposed, but by summer the virus had spread to a third of the country’s farms.
That was a win for the Netherland’s Party for the Animals, which has four seats in the 150-member parliament. In 2013, (26) ______ helped pass the law that gave mink farmers until 2025 to get out of the business. Some members of parliament claim that the compensation (27) ______ (pay) for destroying the infected minks was higher than the market price for their fur.
Fur farmers say modern standards allow minks to be raised humanely, and (28) ______ they are not a big reason for the spread of the virus. But minks tend to live by themselves instead of living in groups; animal-rights advocates say they cannot be raised humanely in small cages. As for covid-19, the worry is (29) ______ mink could serve as a medium for it to attack human immunization (免疫) programs. The industry’s value is modest, and polls show the public overwhelmingly opposes it. “In a democratic country, that widespread belief (30) ______ ______ translate into a political decision to ban fur farming,” says Esther Ouwehand, leader of the Party for the Animals. The farmers accept they are shutting down. The remaining argument is over money.
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
Using animals to test drugs intended for humans is controversial, with critics arguing there are other ways to ensure new medicines are safe and effective. But the scientists who carry out the research say animal studies remain necessary. Statistics indicate that in the UK around three million mice are being used for research and tens of millions worldwide.
Despite the difference in appearances, the genetic similarities with humans are ___31___. The mouse genome (基因组) shares over 95% of its genes with humans. The animal acts as a “model”, genetically ___32___ to develop a human disease. But the use of mice, like any animal, in research is criticized by some.
Animal Defenders International (ADI) is one of the groups that campaigns for an end to the use of animals in research. “We would argue that it is extremely outdated, and not very good science for humans,” says Fleur Dawes of ADI. Ms. Dawes believes the suffering that the animals go through does not legalize their ___33___ to science and medicine for humans.” There is a big problem with that because there are huge differences between the species. And even though there are similarities with humans and mice, they react very differently to each other when experimented on. So what works in one animal is not an indication that that is how things work in other animals.”
However, Dr. Wells from Mary Lyon Centre (MLC) says they are constantly trying to ___34___ the process to reduce the suffering of mice.” If it’s a procedure where you can anaesthetize（麻醉）the mice, then you do it to reduce their stress. And if there is a (n) ___35___ method that doesn’t involve mice, you are not legally and normally allowed to do the procedure.”
If we ___36___ animal research, are there alternatives Dr. Wells says, “There is a massive field ___37___ on alternatives, and we are very supportive of that field and we always keep track of what is going on in that field, because maybe we can replace one of our models. “Those alternatives include chips on human organs to study their function, micro-dosing treatments in humans and ___38___ models.” Lots of people say that there is a computer now to model what is going to happen in diseases,” Dr. Wells adds, “But we still don’t know enough to program those computers with ___39___ knowledge to be able to model what’s happening in every disease.”
Fleur Dawes agrees one alternative is not enough. But she says, “By combining the different alternatives, you can actually get a much better picture that is of much better ___40___ to humans.”
III. Reading Comprehension (45%)
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
When we talk about healthy brain ageing we are really discussing one of two things: how to minimise ongoing damage to the hardware of the brain, mostly by keeping its blood supply as good as possible; or how to improve the operation of the brain’s software. Many ways of doing this have been suggested, but few have 41 weight behind them. There is currently no magic bullet to protect the brain, but one area that has been best researched, and about which we can say with reasonable 42 , “this will help”, is mental activity.
There is plenty of evidence that older people who stay mentally active, by learning a new language, doing crosswords or taking part in other 43 challenging activities, preserve full cognitive function for longer. They have spent more time doing cognitively demanding activities over a lifetime, and they are, to some extent, buffered (缓冲) from the 44 effects of brain ageing and degenerative (退行性的) diseases. We call this buffer “cognitive reserve”—a(n) 45 reservoir of brain function that can 46 from the consequences of brain damage, allowing us to continue to perform well. 47 , people with a higher IQ, longer education or cognitively challenging employment have been found to have a(n) 48 risk of developing dementia. This is despite the fact that their brains actually show normal amounts of age-and disease-related 49 . In fact, studies have found that people with higher cognitive reserve who do get dementia exhibit less severe symptoms even when they have more brain damage than those with lower cognitive reserve.
Yet there’s still much to discover about the 50 of cognitive reserve for optimising the brain’s resilience. The more we understand about its role in protecting our brain and how to boost our reserve, the more effective we will be in designing 51 to keep the human brain healthier for longer.
The good news is that cognitive reserve isn’t 52 to those who have the IQ of a genius or who’ve devoted their life to theoretical physics. We think it can be 53 throughout life for everyone. 54 , taking part in cognitively challenging activities, learning new skills and continuing to “use it or lose it” probably apply no matter how old you are. Crucially, it’s never too late to 55 .
41. A. traditional B. scientific C. cultural D. decisive
42. A. magic B. suggestions C. assistance D. confidence
43. A. physically B. spiritually C. intellectually D. literally
44. A. physical B. mental C. mysterious D. emotional
45. A. under-developed B. back-up C. all-round D. large-scale
46. A. originate B. separate C. suffer D. protect
47. A. In addition B. By contrast C. In other words D. For example
48. A. higher B. extra C. lower D. potential
49. A. damage B. upset C. frustration D. progress
50. A. potential B. love C. ambition D. need
51. A. regulations B. interventions C. products D. theories
52. A. tough B. expensive C. exclusive D. superior
53. A. coped with B. taken in C. carried out D. built up
54. A. Furthermore B. Therefore C. However D. Instead
55. A. learn B. challenge C. start D. persist
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
The train was at a standstill, some twenty minutes outside Kolkata, when an unexpected stroke of luck presented Piya with an opportunity to go for a seat beside a window for some fresh air. She had been sitting in the stuffiest part of the train compartment, on the edge of a bench: now, moving to the open window, she saw that the train had stopped at a station called Champahati.
Looking over her shoulder, Piya spotted a tea-seller on the platform. Reaching through the bars of the window, she called him with a wave. She had never cared for the kind of chai, Indian tea, sold in Seattle, her hometown in the USA, but somehow, in the ten days she had spent in India she had developed an unexpected taste for milky, overboiled tea served in earthenware cups. There were no spices in it for one thing, and this was more to her taste than the chai at home.
She paid for her tea and was trying to get in the cup through the bars when the man in the seat opposite her own suddenly turned over a page, jolting her hand. She turned her wrist quickly enough to make sure that most of the tea spilled out of the window, but she could not prevent some from spilling over his papers.
“Oh, I’m so sorry!” Piya was very embarrassed: of everyone in the compartment, this was the last person she would have chosen to injure with her tea. She had noticed him while waiting on the platform in Kolkata and she had been struck by the self-satisfied tilt of his head and the way in which he stared at everyone around him, taking them in, sizing them up, sorting them all into their places.
“Here,” said Piya, producing a handful of tissues. “Let me help you clean up.”
“There’s nothing to be done,” he said testily (暴躁地). “These pages are ruined anyway.”
For a moment she considered pointing out that it was he who had knocked her hand. But all she could bring herself to say was, “I’m very sorry. I hope you’ll excuse me.”
“Do I really have a choice ” he said. “Does anyone have a choice when they’re dealing with Americans these days ”
Piya had no wish to get into an argument so she let this pass. Instead, she opened her eyes wide and, in an attempt to restore peace, came out with, “But how did you guess ”
“About what ”
“About my being American You’re very observant.”
This seemed to do the trick. His shoulders relaxed as he leaned back in his seat. “I didn’t guess,” he said. “I knew.”
56. In the first paragraph, Piya was relieved when she got a window seat because it meant that_________.
A. there was more room for her luggage
B. she no longer had to suffer from a lack of air
C. there was less chance that she would miss her stop
D. she didn’t have to stand for the rest of the train journey
57. Piya found that the tea or chai she had drunk in India ________.
A. was disappointingly weak in taste
B. reminded her of her home in Seattle
C. would have tasted better if served fresh
D. was preferable to the chai she had had before
58. When Piya first saw the man she thought that ________.
A. he was someone who was observant of surroundings
B. he seemed to think he was better than other people
C. he had tried to keep his distance from his fellow passengers
D. he had been looking for someone he knew on the station platform
59. Piya asked “But how did you guess ” in order to _________.
A. find out what the man really thought about Americans
B. try to calm the situation down by starting a conversation
C. ensure the man realized that she had apologized
D. make sure the man knew he was being rude
(B)
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60. If Karen is addicted to railway journeys, ________ are most likely to be her favourites.
A. Cairns and the Ghan
B. Uluru and Melbourne
C. Melbourne and the Ghan
D. Cairns and the Great Barrier Reef
61. If you have decided to join the tour, which of the following statements is true？
A. You may be charged an extra 349 in total for daily breakfasts.
B. You will enjoy a day trip to Daintree Rainforest, a world heritage.
C. You may choose to stop in both Singapore and Dubai at no extra cost.
D. You will be offered a meal with drinks when heading north by train in the Ghan.
62. If Jonathan and his two male friends, who have booked the travel, will depart UK on April 5th, 2025, with a two-night stopover in Bangkok, then at least how much will they have to pay for the whole trip in total
A. 17,791 B. 18,822 C. 18,841 D. 19,572
(C)
What can be done about mass unemployment All the wise heads agree: there’re no quick or easy answers. There’s work to be done, but workers aren’t ready to do it—they’re in the wrong places, or they have the wrong skills. Our problems are structural, and will take many years to solve.
But don’t bother asking for evidence that justifies this bleak (暗淡的) view. There isn’t any. On the contrary, all the facts suggest that high unemployment in America is the result of inadequate demand. Saying that there’re no easy answers sounds wise, but it’s actually foolish: our unemployment crisis could be cured very quickly if we had the intellectual clarity and political will to act. In other words, structural unemployment is a fake problem, which mainly serves as an excuse for not pursuing real solutions.
The fact is job openings have plunged in every major sector, while the number of workers forced into part-time employment in almost all industries has soared. Unemployment has surged in every major occupational category. Only three states, with a combined population not much larger than that of Brooklyn, have unemployment rates below 5%. So the evidence contradicts the claim that we’re mainly suffering from structural unemployment. Why, then, has this claim become so popular
Part of the answer is that this is what always happens during periods of high unemployment—in part because experts and analysts believe that declaring the problem deeply rooted, with no easy answers, makes them sound serious.
I’ve been looking at what self-proclaimed experts were saying about unemployment during the Great Depression; it was almost identical to what Very Serious People are saying now. Unemployment cannot be brought down rapidly, declared one 1935 analysis, because the workforce is “unadaptable and untrained. It cannot respond to the opportunities which industry may offer.” A few years later, a large defense buildup finally provided a financial stimulus adequate to the economy’s needs — and suddenly industry was eager to employ those “unadaptable and untrained” workers.
But now, as then, powerful forces are ideologically opposed to the whole idea of government action on a sufficient scale to jump-start the economy. And that, fundamentally, is why claims that we face huge structural problems have been multiplying: they offer a reason to do nothing about the mass unemployment that is crippling (损害) our economy and society.
So what you need to know is that there’s no evidence whatsoever to back these claims. We aren’t suffering from a shortage of needed skills; we’re suffering from a lack of policy resolve. As I said, structural unemployment isn’t a real problem, it’s an excuse—a reason not to act on America’s problems at a time when action is desperately needed.
63. What does the author think of the experts’ claim concerning unemployment
A. Self-evident. B. Thought-provoking. C. Groundless. D. Objective.
64. What does the author say helped bring down unemployment during the Great Depression
A. The booming defense industry. B. The wise heads’ benefit package.
C. Nationwide training of workers. D. Thorough restructuring of industries.
65. What has caused claims of huge structural problems to multiply
A. Economists, failure to detect the problems in time.
B. Very Serious People’s attempt to cripple the economy.
C. Evidence gathered from many sectors of the industries.
D. Powerful opposition to government’s stimulus efforts.
66. What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage
A. To confirm the experts’ analysis of America’s problems.
B. To offer a feasible solution to the structural unemployment
C. To show the urgent need for the government to take action.
D. To alert American workers to the urgency for adaptation.
Section C
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
And vice versa: High sympathy can substitute for low guilt. The main reason why guilt works comes down to simple psychology and conditioning we receive as children. For the low-sympathy kids, how much they shared appeared to turn on how likely they were to feel guilty. Guilt is an incredibly powerful emotion which has slip by unnoticed for long. In the popular imagination, of course, guilt still gets a bad reputation. Guilt, in other words, can help hold a cooperative species together.
Unlike so-called basic emotions such as sadness, fear, and anger, guilt emerges a little later, in conjunction with a child’s growing grasp of social and moral norms. Children aren’t born knowing how to say “I’m sorry”, rather, they learn over time that such statements appease (安抚) parents and friends and their own consciences. This is why researchers generally regard so-called moral guilt, in the right amount, to be a good thing.
_____67____ It evokes Freud’s ideas and religious hang-ups. More important, guilt is deeply uncomfortable—it’s the emotional equivalent of wearing a jacket weighted with stones. Who would inflict it upon a child Yet this understanding is outdated. “There has been a kind of revival or a rethinking about what guilt is and what role guilt can serve,” Vaish says, adding that this revival is part of a larger recognition that emotions aren’t binary feelings that may be advantageous in one context and may be harmful in another.
And guilt, by prompting us to think more deeply about our goodness, can encourage humans to correct errors and fix relationships. ____68____ It is a kind of social glue.
Viewed in this light, guilt is an opportunity. Work by Tina Malti, a psychology professor at the University of Toronto, suggests that guilt may compensate for an emotional deficiency. In a number of studies, Malti and others have shown that guilt and sympathy (and its close cousin empathy) may represent different pathways to cooperation and sharing. Some kids who are low in sympathy may make up for that shortfall by experiencing more guilt, which can control their impulses. ____69____
In a 2014 study, for example, Malti and a colleague looked at 244 children, aged 4, 8, and 12. Using caregiver assessments and the children’s self-observations, they rated each child’s overall sympathy level and his or her tendency to feel negative emotions (like guilt and sadness) after moral transgressions (违背) . Then the kids were handed stickers and chocolate coins, and given a chance to share them with an anonymous child. ____70____ The guilt-prone ones shared more. However, they may not magically have become more sympathetic to the other child’s deprivation.
“That’s good news.” Malti says, “We can be pro-social because of the empathetic proclivity (倾向) , or because we caused harm and we feel regret.”
IV. Summary Writing (10%)
Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
71. Cashless Society, Good or Evil
Can we do without cash Since 2015, digital payments in the UK have outnumbered those in cash, and we are invited by the great and the good to cheer this on. The fully cashless era will be magnificently convenient, they say, with goods delivered to the door; no fumbling for change, just tap and go. Some London branches of several chains don’t accept cash any more. Businesses and banks want to abolish cash because they have fears of the black market and tax avoidance. Yet we should worry about the death of cash, because physical money possesses worth far above its face value.
Actual physical money, in the hand, teaches us its true value. With cash, what you see is what you have. Exchanging it demands personal engagement and oils the wheels of a community. In a shop, the exchange of cash takes time: it involves eye meeting eye. By contrast, a cashless society is a joyless one. A digital touch payment is done in a flash: no human interaction necessary. Digital self-service is cold when you are staring silently at your electronic device. Besides, cash is a great leveler. Every penny, pound and banknote sits the same in every hand, identical in value and appearance. Moreover, a pocketful of change is like a gallery or a museum. The roses, ostrich feathers and lions on the coins reveal the history that shaped the United Kingdom. It is really crazy to give up on cash.
We are told digital payment is a welcome liberation from the shackles (束缚) of cash, but digital payments actually restrict the reach of money. It requires a combination of factors like Wi-Fi, battery power and phones. Worse still, the lack of cash means even the most fundamental aspects of etiquette (礼仪) are under pressure. Tipping in restaurants is changing beyond recognition. In simpler times, any amount of cash, warmly generous or pointedly small could be left as a reward. In the digital age, any extra money transferred to the restaurant account may never reach the staff pocket.
V. Translation (15%)
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
相关部门报道转基因食品能在一定程度上解决全球粮食短缺问题。(extent)
互联网时代创造了共享经济，唯有谨慎对待，我们方能从中受益。(unless)
哪怕这项新的科学发现应用于工业生产中可能要等上好几十年的时间，这也是值得的。(before)
我们祖先的迁徙漫长且复杂，好在DNA技术日趋成熟，现代人类起源不再是谜。(descend)
VI. Guided Writing (25%)
Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
请描述图片内容，并联系生活实际谈谈你的感想。
2023学年度第二学期建平中学高三英语3月检测
1-5 DCBBC 6-10 CADBC 11-13 BCD 14-16 CBC 17-20 DCAB
21.that 定从
22.on介词
23.but 句型
24.making 现在分词
25.were diagnosed 时态语态
26.it 代词
27.paid 过去分词
28.that 宾语从句
29.that 表语从句
30.has to/ought to 情态动词
31-40 BGDHA IECKJ
41-55 BDCAB DDCAA BCDBC
56-59 BDBB
60-62 ADC
CADC
67-70 EFAC
Though digital payments have overtaken cash for its unparalleled convenience, physical money should be encouraged because it brings about human interaction and is of equal value in different hands. Moreover, the beautiful design of the physical money tells the history. However, cashless payment can’t be made successfully without electronic devices and it threatens the politeness physical money conveys. (59 words)
相关部门报道转基因食品能在一定程度上解决全球粮食短缺问题。(extent)
Authorities concerned have reported that genetically engineered / modified food(s) can solve the problem of food shortage throughout the world to some/a certain extent.
互联网时代创造了共享经济，唯有谨慎对待，我们方能从中受益。(unless)
Sharing economy is created in the age of the Internet, and we won’t benefit from it unless we treat it with caution.
哪怕这项新的科学发现应用于工业生产中可能要等上好几十年的时间，这也是值得的。(before)
It is worth waiting even if it may/might/will be decades before the new scientific discovery is applied to industrial production.
我们祖先的迁徙漫长且复杂，好在DNA技术日趋成熟，现代人类起源不再是谜。(descend)
The migration of our ancestors was long and complicated, but thanks to the increasingly mature DNA technologies, where modern humans descended from is no longer a mystery.
录音文字
I. Listening Comprehension
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
l. W: Morning, sir. I want to complain about the milk. When I opened it at home yesterday, there was a bad smell.
M: Oh, I’m terribly sorry about that. I’ll deal with it right away.
Q: What’s the most probable relationship between the two speakers
M: Excuse me, do you know where I can find pencil boxes
W: Yes, they are on the next floor, the stationery department.
Q: Where does the conversation most probably take place
M: Do you know what Mike does to support his family
W: He used to work in an agency, but now he is self-employed.
Q: What does the woman say about Mike
M: Hello. This is David Smith. I have an appointment with Doctor Jones for 10 o’clock, but I’m afraid I’ ll have to be about 20 minutes late.
W: That’s all right, Mr Smith. Doctor Jones doesn’t have another appointment until 1l o’clock.
Q: When will Doctor Jones most probably meet Mr Smith
M: What a pity! Jack failed to win that science award at last.
W: I can’t believe it! I thought for sure he would.
Q: How does the woman feel on hearing the news
W: I’ll send Jason a postcard from Egypt when I go there on my vacation.
M: I’m sure he’ll be very glad to get it. He has a collection of postcards from different countries.
Q: What can be learned from the conversation
M: Do you want to go on a trip with us to New Zealand this spring It will cost about 5,000 dollars a person.
W: 5,000 dollars Do you think I’ve just inherited a large fortune
Q: What can be inferred about the woman
M: I don’t know whether Keven favours the new car or not.
W: He said he liked it. But he didn’t want to sign a contract.
Q: What can be concluded about Keven from the conversation
W: Thanks to the seat belt, otherwise I would have been seriously injured in the car accident.
M: Yes. I can hardly imagine what would happen if you hadn’t taken my advice.
Q: What can be learned from the conversation
W: Violence sports like boxing should be banned. If so, there would be less violent crime and less school bullying.
M: That’s a nice argument, but these traditional sports win many people’s heart and provide a way to release negative emotions.
Q: What does the man actually mean
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
Community service is an important part of education here at our university. We encourage all students to volunteer for at least one community activity before they graduate. A new community program called “One on One” helps elementary students who’ve fallen behind. You education majors might be especially interested in it because it offers the opportunity to do some teaching—that is, tutoring in math and English.
You’d have to volunteer two hours a week for one semester. You can choose to help a child with math, English, or both. Half-hour lessons are fine, so you could do a half hour of each subject two days a week.
Professor Green will act as mentor to the tutors—he’ll be available to help you with lesson plans or to offer suggestions for activities. He has office hours every Tuesday and Thursday afternoon. You can sign up for the program with him and begin the tutoring next week.
I’m sure you’ll enjoy this community service and you are sure to gain valuable experience at the same time. It looks good on your résumé, too—showing that you’ve had experience with children and that you care about your community. If you’d like to sign up, or if you have any questions, stop by Professor Green’s office this week.
Questions:
11. What is the main purpose of this talk
What is the function of the program mentioned in the passage
What does Professor Green do according to the passage
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
Increasingly, over the past ten years, people — especially young people — have become aware of the need to change their eating habits, because much of the food they eat, particularly processed foods, is not good for the health. Consequently, there has been a growing interest in natural foods: foods which do not contain chemical additives and which have not been affected by chemical fertilizers widely used in farming today.
Natural foods, for example, are vegetables, fruit and grain which have been grown in soil that is rich in organic matters. In simple terms, this means that the soil has been enriched by unused vegetable matter, which provides it with essential vitamins and minerals. This in itself is a natural process compared with the use of chemicals and fertilizers, the main purpose of which is to increase the amount — but not the quality — of foods grown in commercial farming areas.
Natural foods also include animals which have been allowed to feed and move freely in healthy pare this with what happens in the mass production of animals like chickens: there are battery farms, for example, where thousands of chickens live crowded together in one building and are fed on food which is little better than rubbish. Chickens kept in this way are not only tasteless as food; they also produce eggs which lack important vitamins.
Questions:
Why have people become more interested in natural foods
Which of the following statements is TRUE of natural foods
What can be inferred about chickens on battery farms according to the passage
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
M: Well, Shirley, now that we’ve seen the three apartments, which one do you like best
W: I don’t know, Brad. I know one thing. I didn’t like the one on the 68th Street.
M: Neither did I. Let’s cross that one off. That leaves the 72nd Street one and the 80th Street one.
W: The one on the 80th Street has a better view, and a very cheerful kitchen.
M: Yes, and I like the carpeting in the hall. It was clean. But there was no good place to put a desk.
W: That’s true. You should always put it in a corner of the living room, but then you wouldn’t have any privacy, and the bedroom was too small.
M: Right. And I do need to be able to leave my work out on the desk without having it looked into by visitors.
W: Oh, Brad, we don’t have that kind of visitors! But I do agree the desk shouldn’t be in the living room. It is a constant reminder of unfinished work. What about the 72nd Street apartment It has a dining area. We could eat in the kitchen, and put the desk in the dining area. It’s more private there.
M: Yes, that sounds OK. Only, what I didn’t like about that place was the west window. It gets quite hot in the late afternoon with the sun beating down on the window.
W: Didn’t you notice the air conditioner
M: No. Was there one
W: Yes. And we could improve on the curtains, too.
M: That place did have the best parking facilities of the three.
W: Yes. I think that apartment is best for your needs. There’s good parking, and there’s a semi-private area for your desk. That takes care of the daily activities.
M: OK. Let’s take that one.
Questions:
Why did Brad and Shirley give up the apartment on the 68th Street
According to the man, what is wrong with the west window of the 72nd Street apartment
Which considerations are crucial in Brad and Shirley’s choice of an apartment
Which apartment do the speakers decide to rent 2023-2024学年度第二学期建平中学高三英语3月检测
I. Listening Comprehension (25%)
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. A. Husband and wife. B. Boss and assistant.
C. Nurse and patient. D. Manager and customer.
2. A. At a post office B. At a flower shop.
C. At a department store. D. At a bus station.
3. A. He is unemployed at present. B. He owns a company now.
C. He still works in the agency. D. He is unable to support his family.
4. A. At 10:00. B. At 10:20. C. At 11:00. D. At 11:20.
5. A. Satisfied. B. Relieved. C. Surprised. D. Embarrassed.
6. A. The woman didn’t post any postcard from Egypt.
B. The man has never collected any postcards.
C. The woman will go to Egypt for her holiday.
D. The man begins to take up collecting postcards.
7. A. She can’t afford that much for a trip.
B. She is fortunate to have made a lot of money.
C. She doesn’t think 5,000 dollars is enough for the trip.
D. She considers 5,000 dollars only a small sum of money.
8. A. He wants to buy the new car. B. He thinks his signature is necessary.
C. He has already signed a contract. D. He doesn’t always say what he means.
9. A. The man had poor imagination because of the car accident.
B. The man must have advised the woman to wear the seat belt.
C. The woman was likely to have got seriously injured in the car accident.
D. The woman wasn’t wearing the seat belt when the accident happened.
10. A. Violence sports are the source of social instability.
B. Violence sports are to blame for crime and school bullying.
C. Violence sports serve as an escape for negative emotions.
D. Violence sports won’t attract many people’s interest in the long run.
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear several longer conversation(s) and short passage(s), and you will be asked several questions on each of the conversation(s) and the passage(s). The conversation(s) and the passage(s) will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
11. A. To explain a new requirement for graduation.
B. To interest students in a community service project.
C. To discuss the problems of elementary school students.
D. To involve elementary school teachers in a special program.
12. A. Providing jobs for graduating students.
B. Helping education majors prepare for final exams.
C. Offering tutorials to elementary school students.
D. Funding for a community service project.
13. A. He teaches part-time in a local elementary school.
B. He observes elementary school students in the classroom.
C. He helps students who need consult prepare their resume.
D. He gives support to students who participate in a special program.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
14. A. They want to eat in a fashionable way like young people.
B. They prefer to eat food that is tastier and more widely accepted.
C. They become aware of the harm processed foods do to health.
D. They try to change their way of processing foods little by little.
15. A. They contain not too many chemical additives.
B. They are cultivated in the soil rich in organic matters.
C. They produce as many calories as processed foods.
D. They are usually grown in commercial farming areas.
16. A. They are allowed to move about and eat freely.
B. They are tasty though kept in the crowded building.
C. They can hardly grow in a healthy way without good food.
D. They produce eggs which usually contain important vitamins.
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
17. A. It was on a cross street. B. They had no time to see it.
C. It had no parking space. D. They weren’t in favour of it.
18. A. It is too small in size. B. It blocks the air-conditioner.
C. It admits heat from the late afternoon sun. D. It stops the sun beating down on the curtains.
19. A. Parking and desk space. B. Parking and air-conditioning.
C. Privacy and cleanliness. D. A cheerful kitchen and a separate dining area.
20. A. The one on 68th Street. B. The one on 72nd Street.
C. The one on 88th Street. D. The one on 80th Street.
II. Grammar and Vocabulary (20%)
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Animal-rights activists often complain that cute beasts get more sympathy than ugly ones. If so, one would think a lovely creature like the mink (貂) would be easy to protect. Yet in the Netherlands, mink is the only animal (21) ______ can still legally be farmed for their fur. That is about to change. On August 28th the government brought forward to this year a ban (22) ______ mink-farming that had been scheduled to take effect in 2025. The timetable was sped up not because mink had become more adorable, (23) ______ because they can contract covid-19 and spread it to humans.
Dutch farmers normally raised about 2.5 million minks a year, (24) ______ (make) the Netherlands the world’s fourth-largest producer after Denmark, China and Poland. In April, a couple of minks and the farm hands who tended them (25) ______ (diagnose) with covid-19. Genetic tracing showed that at least two workers had probably been infected by mink, rather than the other way around. The affected animals were destroyed and stricter hygiene rules were imposed, but by summer the virus had spread to a third of the country’s farms.
That was a win for the Netherland’s Party for the Animals, which has four seats in the 150-member parliament. In 2013, (26) ______ helped pass the law that gave mink farmers until 2025 to get out of the business. Some members of parliament claim that the compensation (27) ______ (pay) for destroying the infected minks was higher than the market price for their fur.
Fur farmers say modern standards allow minks to be raised humanely, and (28) ______ they are not a big reason for the spread of the virus. But minks tend to live by themselves instead of living in groups; animal-rights advocates say they cannot be raised humanely in small cages. As for covid-19, the worry is (29) ______ mink could serve as a medium for it to attack human immunization (免疫) programs. The industry’s value is modest, and polls show the public overwhelmingly opposes it. “In a democratic country, that widespread belief (30) ______ ______ translate into a political decision to ban fur farming,” says Esther Ouwehand, leader of the Party for the Animals. The farmers accept they are shutting down. The remaining argument is over money.
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
Using animals to test drugs intended for humans is controversial, with critics arguing there are other ways to ensure new medicines are safe and effective. But the scientists who carry out the research say animal studies remain necessary. Statistics indicate that in the UK around three million mice are being used for research and tens of millions worldwide.
Despite the difference in appearances, the genetic similarities with humans are ___31___. The mouse genome (基因组) shares over 95% of its genes with humans. The animal acts as a “model”, genetically ___32___ to develop a human disease. But the use of mice, like any animal, in research is criticized by some.
Animal Defenders International (ADI) is one of the groups that campaigns for an end to the use of animals in research. “We would argue that it is extremely outdated, and not very good science for humans,” says Fleur Dawes of ADI. Ms. Dawes believes the suffering that the animals go through does not legalize their ___33___ to science and medicine for humans.” There is a big problem with that because there are huge differences between the species. And even though there are similarities with humans and mice, they react very differently to each other when experimented on. So what works in one animal is not an indication that that is how things work in other animals.”
However, Dr. Wells from Mary Lyon Centre (MLC) says they are constantly trying to ___34___ the process to reduce the suffering of mice.” If it’s a procedure where you can anaesthetize（麻醉）the mice, then you do it to reduce their stress. And if there is a (n) ___35___ method that doesn’t involve mice, you are not legally and normally allowed to do the procedure.”
If we ___36___ animal research, are there alternatives Dr. Wells says, “There is a massive field ___37___ on alternatives, and we are very supportive of that field and we always keep track of what is going on in that field, because maybe we can replace one of our models. “Those alternatives include chips on human organs to study their function, micro-dosing treatments in humans and ___38___ models.” Lots of people say that there is a computer now to model what is going to happen in diseases,” Dr. Wells adds, “But we still don’t know enough to program those computers with ___39___ knowledge to be able to model what’s happening in every disease.”
Fleur Dawes agrees one alternative is not enough. But she says, “By combining the different alternatives, you can actually get a much better picture that is of much better ___40___ to humans.”
III. Reading Comprehension (45%)
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
When we talk about healthy brain ageing we are really discussing one of two things: how to minimise ongoing damage to the hardware of the brain, mostly by keeping its blood supply as good as possible; or how to improve the operation of the brain’s software. Many ways of doing this have been suggested, but few have 41 weight behind them. There is currently no magic bullet to protect the brain, but one area that has been best researched, and about which we can say with reasonable 42 , “this will help”, is mental activity.
There is plenty of evidence that older people who stay mentally active, by learning a new language, doing crosswords or taking part in other 43 challenging activities, preserve full cognitive function for longer. They have spent more time doing cognitively demanding activities over a lifetime, and they are, to some extent, buffered (缓冲) from the 44 effects of brain ageing and degenerative (退行性的) diseases. We call this buffer “cognitive reserve”—a(n) 45 reservoir of brain function that can 46 from the consequences of brain damage, allowing us to continue to perform well. 47 , people with a higher IQ, longer education or cognitively challenging employment have been found to have a(n) 48 risk of developing dementia. This is despite the fact that their brains actually show normal amounts of age-and disease-related 49 . In fact, studies have found that people with higher cognitive reserve who do get dementia exhibit less severe symptoms even when they have more brain damage than those with lower cognitive reserve.
Yet there’s still much to discover about the 50 of cognitive reserve for optimising the brain’s resilience. The more we understand about its role in protecting our brain and how to boost our reserve, the more effective we will be in designing 51 to keep the human brain healthier for longer.
The good news is that cognitive reserve isn’t 52 to those who have the IQ of a genius or who’ve devoted their life to theoretical physics. We think it can be 53 throughout life for everyone. 54 , taking part in cognitively challenging activities, learning new skills and continuing to “use it or lose it” probably apply no matter how old you are. Crucially, it’s never too late to 55 .
41. A. traditional B. scientific C. cultural D. decisive
42. A. magic B. suggestions C. assistance D. confidence
43. A. physically B. spiritually C. intellectually D. literally
44. A. physical B. mental C. mysterious D. emotional
45. A. under-developed B. back-up C. all-round D. large-scale
46. A. originate B. separate C. suffer D. protect
47. A. In addition B. By contrast C. In other words D. For example
48. A. higher B. extra C. lower D. potential
49. A. damage B. upset C. frustration D. progress
50. A. potential B. love C. ambition D. need
51. A. regulations B. interventions C. products D. theories
52. A. tough B. expensive C. exclusive D. superior
53. A. coped with B. taken in C. carried out D. built up
54. A. Furthermore B. Therefore C. However D. Instead
55. A. learn B. challenge C. start D. persist
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
The train was at a standstill, some twenty minutes outside Kolkata, when an unexpected stroke of luck presented Piya with an opportunity to go for a seat beside a window for some fresh air. She had been sitting in the stuffiest part of the train compartment, on the edge of a bench: now, moving to the open window, she saw that the train had stopped at a station called Champahati.
Looking over her shoulder, Piya spotted a tea-seller on the platform. Reaching through the bars of the window, she called him with a wave. She had never cared for the kind of chai, Indian tea, sold in Seattle, her hometown in the USA, but somehow, in the ten days she had spent in India she had developed an unexpected taste for milky, overboiled tea served in earthenware cups. There were no spices in it for one thing, and this was more to her taste than the chai at home.
She paid for her tea and was trying to get in the cup through the bars when the man in the seat opposite her own suddenly turned over a page, jolting her hand. She turned her wrist quickly enough to make sure that most of the tea spilled out of the window, but she could not prevent some from spilling over his papers.
“Oh, I’m so sorry!” Piya was very embarrassed: of everyone in the compartment, this was the last person she would have chosen to injure with her tea. She had noticed him while waiting on the platform in Kolkata and she had been struck by the self-satisfied tilt of his head and the way in which he stared at everyone around him, taking them in, sizing them up, sorting them all into their places.
“Here,” said Piya, producing a handful of tissues. “Let me help you clean up.”
“There’s nothing to be done,” he said testily (暴躁地). “These pages are ruined anyway.”
For a moment she considered pointing out that it was he who had knocked her hand. But all she could bring herself to say was, “I’m very sorry. I hope you’ll excuse me.”
“Do I really have a choice ” he said. “Does anyone have a choice when they’re dealing with Americans these days ”
Piya had no wish to get into an argument so she let this pass. Instead, she opened her eyes wide and, in an attempt to restore peace, came out with, “But how did you guess ”
“About what ”
“About my being American You’re very observant.”
This seemed to do the trick. His shoulders relaxed as he leaned back in his seat. “I didn’t guess,” he said. “I knew.”
56. In the first paragraph, Piya was relieved when she got a window seat because it meant that_________.
A. there was more room for her luggage
B. she no longer had to suffer from a lack of air
C. there was less chance that she would miss her stop
D. she didn’t have to stand for the rest of the train journey
57. Piya found that the tea or chai she had drunk in India ________.
A. was disappointingly weak in taste
B. reminded her of her home in Seattle
C. would have tasted better if served fresh
D. was preferable to the chai she had had before
58. When Piya first saw the man she thought that ________.
A. he was someone who was observant of surroundings
B. he seemed to think he was better than other people
C. he had tried to keep his distance from his fellow passengers
D. he had been looking for someone he knew on the station platform
59. Piya asked “But how did you guess ” in order to _________.
A. find out what the man really thought about Americans
B. try to calm the situation down by starting a conversation
C. ensure the man realized that she had apologized
D. make sure the man knew he was being rude
(B)
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60. If Karen is addicted to railway journeys, ________ are most likely to be her favourites.
A. Cairns and the Ghan
B. Uluru and Melbourne
C. Melbourne and the Ghan
D. Cairns and the Great Barrier Reef
61. If you have decided to join the tour, which of the following statements is true？
A. You may be charged an extra 349 in total for daily breakfasts.
B. You will enjoy a day trip to Daintree Rainforest, a world heritage.
C. You may choose to stop in both Singapore and Dubai at no extra cost.
D. You will be offered a meal with drinks when heading north by train in the Ghan.
62. If Jonathan and his two male friends, who have booked the travel, will depart UK on April 5th, 2025, with a two-night stopover in Bangkok, then at least how much will they have to pay for the whole trip in total
A. 17,791 B. 18,822 C. 18,841 D. 19,572
(C)
What can be done about mass unemployment All the wise heads agree: there’re no quick or easy answers. There’s work to be done, but workers aren’t ready to do it—they’re in the wrong places, or they have the wrong skills. Our problems are structural, and will take many years to solve.
But don’t bother asking for evidence that justifies this bleak (暗淡的) view. There isn’t any. On the contrary, all the facts suggest that high unemployment in America is the result of inadequate demand. Saying that there’re no easy answers sounds wise, but it’s actually foolish: our unemployment crisis could be cured very quickly if we had the intellectual clarity and political will to act. In other words, structural unemployment is a fake problem, which mainly serves as an excuse for not pursuing real solutions.
The fact is job openings have plunged in every major sector, while the number of workers forced into part-time employment in almost all industries has soared. Unemployment has surged in every major occupational category. Only three states, with a combined population not much larger than that of Brooklyn, have unemployment rates below 5%. So the evidence contradicts the claim that we’re mainly suffering from structural unemployment. Why, then, has this claim become so popular
Part of the answer is that this is what always happens during periods of high unemployment—in part because experts and analysts believe that declaring the problem deeply rooted, with no easy answers, makes them sound serious.
I’ve been looking at what self-proclaimed experts were saying about unemployment during the Great Depression; it was almost identical to what Very Serious People are saying now. Unemployment cannot be brought down rapidly, declared one 1935 analysis, because the workforce is “unadaptable and untrained. It cannot respond to the opportunities which industry may offer.” A few years later, a large defense buildup finally provided a financial stimulus adequate to the economy’s needs — and suddenly industry was eager to employ those “unadaptable and untrained” workers.
But now, as then, powerful forces are ideologically opposed to the whole idea of government action on a sufficient scale to jump-start the economy. And that, fundamentally, is why claims that we face huge structural problems have been multiplying: they offer a reason to do nothing about the mass unemployment that is crippling (损害) our economy and society.
So what you need to know is that there’s no evidence whatsoever to back these claims. We aren’t suffering from a shortage of needed skills; we’re suffering from a lack of policy resolve. As I said, structural unemployment isn’t a real problem, it’s an excuse—a reason not to act on America’s problems at a time when action is desperately needed.
63. What does the author think of the experts’ claim concerning unemployment
A. Self-evident. B. Thought-provoking. C. Groundless. D. Objective.
64. What does the author say helped bring down unemployment during the Great Depression
A. The booming defense industry. B. The wise heads’ benefit package.
C. Nationwide training of workers. D. Thorough restructuring of industries.
65. What has caused claims of huge structural problems to multiply
A. Economists, failure to detect the problems in time.
B. Very Serious People’s attempt to cripple the economy.
C. Evidence gathered from many sectors of the industries.
D. Powerful opposition to government’s stimulus efforts.
66. What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage
A. To confirm the experts’ analysis of America’s problems.
B. To offer a feasible solution to the structural unemployment
C. To show the urgent need for the government to take action.
D. To alert American workers to the urgency for adaptation.
Section C
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
And vice versa: High sympathy can substitute for low guilt. The main reason why guilt works comes down to simple psychology and conditioning we receive as children. For the low-sympathy kids, how much they shared appeared to turn on how likely they were to feel guilty. Guilt is an incredibly powerful emotion which has slip by unnoticed for long. In the popular imagination, of course, guilt still gets a bad reputation. Guilt, in other words, can help hold a cooperative species together.
Unlike so-called basic emotions such as sadness, fear, and anger, guilt emerges a little later, in conjunction with a child’s growing grasp of social and moral norms. Children aren’t born knowing how to say “I’m sorry”, rather, they learn over time that such statements appease (安抚) parents and friends and their own consciences. This is why researchers generally regard so-called moral guilt, in the right amount, to be a good thing.
____67____ It evokes Freud’s ideas and religious hang-ups. More important, guilt is deeply uncomfortable—it’s the emotional equivalent of wearing a jacket weighted with stones. Who would inflict it upon a child Yet this understanding is outdated. “There has been a kind of revival or a rethinking about what guilt is and what role guilt can serve,” Vaish says, adding that this revival is part of a larger recognition that emotions aren’t binary feelings that may be advantageous in one context and may be harmful in another.
And guilt, by prompting us to think more deeply about our goodness, can encourage humans to correct errors and fix relationships. ____68____ It is a kind of social glue.
Viewed in this light, guilt is an opportunity. Work by Tina Malti, a psychology professor at the University of Toronto, suggests that guilt may compensate for an emotional deficiency. In a number of studies, Malti and others have shown that guilt and sympathy (and its close cousin empathy) may represent different pathways to cooperation and sharing. Some kids who are low in sympathy may make up for that shortfall by experiencing more guilt, which can control their impulses. ____69____
In a 2014 study, for example, Malti and a colleague looked at 244 children, aged 4, 8, and 12. Using caregiver assessments and the children’s self-observations, they rated each child’s overall sympathy level and his or her tendency to feel negative emotions (like guilt and sadness) after moral transgressions (违背) . Then the kids were handed stickers and chocolate coins, and given a chance to share them with an anonymous child. ____70____ The guilt-prone ones shared more. However, they may not magically have become more sympathetic to the other child’s deprivation.
“That’s good news.” Malti says, “We can be pro-social because of the empathetic proclivity (倾向) , or because we caused harm and we feel regret.”
IV. Summary Writing (10%)
Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
71. Cashless Society, Good or Evil
Can we do without cash Since 2015, digital payments in the UK have outnumbered those in cash, and we are invited by the great and the good to cheer this on. The fully cashless era will be magnificently convenient, they say, with goods delivered to the door; no fumbling for change, just tap and go. Some London branches of several chains don’t accept cash any more. Businesses and banks want to abolish cash because they have fears of the black market and tax avoidance. Yet we should worry about the death of cash, because physical money possesses worth far above its face value.
Actual physical money, in the hand, teaches us its true value. With cash, what you see is what you have. Exchanging it demands personal engagement and oils the wheels of a community. In a shop, the exchange of cash takes time: it involves eye meeting eye. By contrast, a cashless society is a joyless one. A digital touch payment is done in a flash: no human interaction necessary. Digital self-service is cold when you are staring silently at your electronic device. Besides, cash is a great leveler. Every penny, pound and banknote sits the same in every hand, identical in value and appearance. Moreover, a pocketful of change is like a gallery or a museum. The roses, ostrich feathers and lions on the coins reveal the history that shaped the United Kingdom. It is really crazy to give up on cash.
We are told digital payment is a welcome liberation from the shackles (束缚) of cash, but digital payments actually restrict the reach of money. It requires a combination of factors like Wi-Fi, battery power and phones. Worse still, the lack of cash means even the most fundamental aspects of etiquette (礼仪) are under pressure. Tipping in restaurants is changing beyond recognition. In simpler times, any amount of cash, warmly generous or pointedly small could be left as a reward. In the digital age, any extra money transferred to the restaurant account may never reach the staff pocket.
V. Translation (15%)
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
相关部门报道转基因食品能在一定程度上解决全球粮食短缺问题。(extent)
互联网时代创造了共享经济，唯有谨慎对待，我们方能从中受益。(unless)
哪怕这项新的科学发现应用于工业生产中可能要等上好几十年的时间，这也是值得的。(before)
我们祖先的迁徙漫长且复杂，好在DNA技术日趋成熟，现代人类起源不再是谜。(descend)
VI. Guided Writing (25%)
Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
请描述图片内容，并联系生活实际谈谈你的感想。

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