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【读后续写】微技能：通过记叙文六要素解读前文内容&动作神态描写之兴奋篇
通过记叙文六要素解读前文内容
01 记叙文六要素
读后续写的语篇类型一般是记叙文。记叙文的解读一般从以下四个视角展开：要素、情节、细节、关键句。本期我们将从“要素”这个视角解读前文内容。
记叙文有六要素，即5W和1H——who, what, where, when, why, how。因此我们往往可以有以下设问：“Who is it about ” “What happens ” “Where does it happen ” “When does it happen ” “Why does it happen ” “How does it happen ”
有时候一个文本并不具备所有的要素，可能只会涉及其中三到四个，我们可以根据具体文本寻读具体要素。只要把这几个基本要素弄清楚了，文章的内容也就清晰地浮现在我们面前了。
02 案例解析
请读以下文本，找出文本六要素：who, what, where, when, why, how。
Colony Cats and Dogs is a cage-free, no-kill center, where I work as a volunteer. My task is talking to the people who come in.
A young boy with golden hair came into the center with his mom a couple of days ago. He was always excited to be around the cats, but all he would do was shout. When I saw them in the center for the third day, I decided to talk to the mom. Walking up to her, I smiled and said, “Is there anything I can help you with ” She told me their story.
Her nine-year-old son had autism (自闭症) and had never spoken a single word in his life. However, he did love art, and he loved drawing cats. When his mom had heard about our center, she brought her son in. As a single mom of two children, she was always working. Her son was very emotional (易激动的), and the only thing that made him become quiet was spending time with our cats. After much thinking, she decided to adopt (领养) a cat.
That day, her son fell in love with a little, black cat named Stevie. I was surprised that he was interested in Stevie. One of Stevie’s eyes was taken away because of some kind of disease. The boy’s mother kept trying to show him other cats, but he kept going back to Stevie. The mother was worried about medical bills. I told her that Stevie was healthy and that she just looked different.
【解析】这是一篇典型的记叙文文本，所以我们可以通过寻读文本的六要素，快速掌握文本大意。
第一段直接告诉读者事情发生的地点是“a cage-free, no-kill center”。通过第二段和第四段可知，事件人物也是显而易见的，我们可以归纳为“the writer, a boy and his mother, a cat called Stevie”。从第二段中的“When I saw them in the center for the third day”，我们可以推断出事情发生的时间是这对母子来宠物中心的第三天。而提取六要素中的what, how和why往往是比较难的。对于基础较弱的同学，可以借助文本中的“关键词”来完成这个步骤。关键词多以动词或者名词形式出现。比如在上面文本的描述中，我们可以聚焦在“center, autism, adopt, cats, taken away”这些动词和名词上，这样就不难概括出该文本主要描述的是一个男孩患有自闭症，由于和猫在一起时他比较平静，于是他母亲决定为他从作者所在的宠物中心领养一只猫。综上所述，我们可以完成以下表格：
通过以上表格填写，我们可知文本大意为:In order to make her son who had autism become quiet, a mother wanted to adopt a cat from the animal center where the writer worked on the third day and the boy chose a cat called Stevie.
动作神态描写之兴奋篇
01 词语及表达积累
delightin/with delight / to sb.’s (great) delight / to the (great) delight of sb. / it is a delight to do sth.
excitedbe excited about/at/by sth. / be excited to do sth.
excitementin/with excitement / a feeling of excitement
jumpjump up and down
02 句的积累：
1. His eyes shone with excitement.
2. I couldn’t help but smile from ear to ear.
3. The children were excited at the sight of the Christmas tree.
4. The player jumped for joy when he scored the winning goal.
03 牛刀小试——句子翻译
爸爸激动得几乎说不出话来。(so … that)
2. 听到这个消息，我兴奋得上蹦下跳。(现在分词短语作状语)
3.看着这美丽的景色，琳达无法控制她的兴奋之情。(现在分词短语作状语)
4. 当杰克得知他的文章已被发表时，他非常兴奋。(when引导的时间状语从句)
5. 看到小狗时，孩子们高兴地叫了起来。(with delight)
参考答案
1. The father was so excited that he could hardly speak.
2. Hearing the news, I jumped up and down with excitement.
3. Looking at the beautiful sight, Linda couldn’t control her excitement.
4. Jack became so excited when he learned his article had been published.5. The children cried with delight when they saw the puppy.

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