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2023-2024学年高中英语社团第十二讲 小满 讲义
Grain buds（Grain Full）
小满 Grain Buds，是二十四节气中的第八个节气，夏季的第二个节气。每年5月20日到22日之间，太阳到达黄经60°时为小满。小满之后，天气渐渐由暖变热，农田里麦穗初显。这也是为什么“小满”的英文表达是"Grain Buds"的原因。
Xiaoman（Grain buds）, as one of the twenty-four solar terms in China, usually arrives between May 20th and 22nd of the Gregorian calendar every year, marking the official beginning of summer. It belongs to the second solar term in summer, following Lixia closely, indicating that crops begin to enter the stage of rapid growth but have not yet fully matured, hence the name "Xiaoman".
小满，作为中国二十四节气之一，通常在每年公历的5月20日到22日之间到来，标志着夏季的正式开始。它属于夏季的第二个节气，紧随立夏之后，预示着农作物开始进入快速生长阶段，但尚未完全成熟，故名“小满”。
During Xiaoman, most areas in China enter the rainy season, especially in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, where there are often continuous rainy days. This is what people often call "Xiaoman and Daman make rivers full", meaning that there is sufficient rain at this time and the water levels of rivers and lakes rise. At the same time, the southern regions begin to enter the plum rain season. The humid climate is conducive to the growth of crops such as rice, but it is also necessary to be vigilant against the occurrence of flood disasters. The north is relatively dry, and the temperature rises significantly, which is the golden period for the rapid growth of spring-sown crops.
小满期间，我国大部分地区进入了雨季，尤其是长江中下游地区，常有连续的阴雨天气，这便是人们常说的“小满大满江河满”，意味着此时的雨水充足，河流湖泊水位上涨。同时，南方地区开始进入梅雨季节，湿润的气候有利于水稻等作物的生长，但也需警惕洪涝灾害的发生。北方则相对干燥，气温上升明显，是春播作物快速生长的黄金时期。
In an agricultural society, Xiaoman is an important time node. At this time, the early rice in the south is in the booting stage and has a large demand for water. Farmers need to irrigate in time to keep the paddy fields moist; at the same time, attention should be paid to preventing the occurrence of pests and diseases to ensure the healthy growth of rice. In the north, wheat begins to fill, which is the key period to determine the final yield. Farmers will strengthen field management and carry out work such as weeding and fertilizing to promote full wheat grains.
在农业社会中，小满是一个重要的时间节点。此时，南方的早稻正处于孕穗期，对水分需求量大，农民需要及时灌溉，保证稻田湿润；同时，要注意预防病虫害的发生，确保水稻健康生长。而在北方，小麦开始灌浆，是决定最终产量的关键时期，农民会加强田间管理，进行除草、施肥等工作，以促进小麦颗粒饱满。
As the temperature rises, the human body is prone to damp heat, so the dietary customs during Xiaoman season tend to be light and damp-removing. In the Jiangnan area, there is the custom of eating bitter vegetables. Bitter vegetables are cool in nature and can clear away heat and detoxify, which helps to deal with the damp and hot weather; while in some places in the north, there is the custom of eating apricots, believing that apricots at this time can nourish the body the most and enhance the resistance. In addition, eating more fruits and vegetables, such as cucumbers, watermelons, tomatoes, etc., is also a good choice for relieving heat and quenching thirst.
随着气温升高，人体易感湿热，因此小满时节的饮食习俗多偏向清淡去湿。在江南地区，有吃苦菜的习俗，苦菜性凉，能清热解毒，有助于应对湿热天气；而北方一些地方，则有食杏的风俗，认为此时的杏子最能滋养身体，增强抵抗力。此外，多吃瓜果蔬菜，如黄瓜、西瓜、西红柿等，也是消暑解渴的好选择。
Xiaoman is not only a meteorological solar term but also contains profound cultural significance. It symbolizes the expectation and hope before the harvest, reminding people to maintain a modest and unsatisfied mindset in life and work, just like the crops are already plump but not fully full and still have room for growth. During this season, people will hold various celebration activities to pray for good weather, smooth sailing, and a bountiful harvest, reflecting the traditional wisdom of the Chinese nation respecting nature and conforming to the season.
小满不仅仅是一个气象上的节气，更蕴含了深厚的文化意义。它象征着收获前的期待与希望，提醒人们在生活和工作中保持谦逊和不满足的心态，就如同作物虽已丰满但未全满，仍有成长的空间。在这个时节，人们会举行各种庆祝活动，祈求风调雨顺、五谷丰登，体现了中华民族尊重自然、顺应时令的传统智慧。
This year, 520 Day encounters Grain Full, and the meaning of 520 in Chinese sounds like the meaning of Grain Full. Love shall not be overfull.As it is said in the Book of Changes:"The modest receive benefit, while the conceited reap failure." But not enough love may lead to indifference. Moderate love is the best.
好巧的是今年的520，恰逢小满，“520”又恰似小满。爱意不能过满，正如《周易》说：“满招损，谦受益”爱意也不能不满，空则冷漠；爱意，小满最佳。
词汇
1. bud
a young tightly rolled-up flower or leaf before it opens
芽；苞；蓓蕾
bud有这样的表达：
in bud(= having buds but no flowers yet) 含苞待放
come into bud (= start to produce buds) 长出花蕾
2.grain
[U] the seeds of crops such as corn, wheat, or rice that are gathered for use as food, or these crops themselves
谷物，粮食
例句：
Last year's grain harvest was the biggest ever.
去年粮食收成是有史以来最好的一次。
二Poem about the Grain Buds
小满诗词
乡村四月
翁卷
绿遍山原白满川，子规声里雨如烟。
乡村四月闲人少，才了蚕桑又插田。
A Rural Scene
Weng Juan
The streams are foaming white; fields bright with green,
Amid misty rain the nighthawk’s cry is keen.
Among farms in May no leisure hands are found,
When silk time ends, then planting rice comes around.
山亭夏日
高骈
绿树阴浓夏日长，
楼台倒影入池塘。
水晶帘动微风起，
满架蔷薇一院香。
A Pavilion in the Mountain on a Summer Day
Gao Pian
The summer day's as long as the green shade's cool;
The pavilion casts its shadow into the pool.
The gentle breeze ripples the water crystal-clear;
The trellis of roses spreads fragrance far and near.
三Customs习俗
A good season for eating fish 吃鱼
During the Grain Buds period, the summer harvest is about to begin. A saying about rain during this time mentions,"A heavy rainfall makes the river full."
小满期间，夏收就要开始了。这个时期关于降雨有句谚语：“小满大满江河满”。
Because of the great increase in rainfall, rivers are full of water, which makes fish and shrimp big and fat.
由于降雨量大增，河水被灌满，鱼虾长得大而肥美。
This is a good time to eat fish and shrimp. It is also harvest season for fishermen.
此时正是吃鱼虾的好时机，也是渔民们的丰收季。
关键词
harvest 收获
saying 谚语，格言
rainfall 降雨
A good season for eating mulberries 吃桑葚
A Chinese proverb says, "Mulberries become black during the Grain Buds period." Thus it is a good season to eat mulberries.
中国谚语道：“小满桑葚黑”,由此可见，小满也是吃桑葚的好时候。
Eating mulberries in summer also has many health benefits. Mulberries are rich of nutrients and digestive substances to promote digestion, so as to promote gastrointestinal peristalsis, enhance people's appetite, and improve the digestive ability of the stomach.
此外，夏季多吃桑葚对身体也有很多好处。桑葚中含有很多促进消化的营养物质和消化物质，从而促进肠胃的蠕动，增强人的食欲，提高肠胃的消化能力。
关键词
mulberry 桑葚
proverb 谚语，格言
nutrient 营养物，养分
digestion 消化
appetite 食欲
Eating herb of common sow thistle 食苦菜
Grain Buds is a season for eating the herb of the common sow thistle, which is one of the earliest edible potherbs in China. It tastes a little bitter and tart, but also sweet.It has the function of cooling the blood and detoxifying the body.
小满是吃苦菜的时节。苦菜是中国最早的可食用野菜之一，尝起来有点酸苦，但不失清甜，具有清热解毒的功效。
关键词
herb 草本植物，药草
edible 可食用的
bitter 苦的
tart 酸的
detox 排毒
Celebrating silkworm deity birthday 祭蚕神
During the Grain Buds season, silkworms have cocooned.People begin to cook cocoons and prepare the spinning wheel for reeling silk.
小满正是桑蚕结茧的时节，人们开始煮茧，准备纺车来缫丝。
Those who engage in the silk industry thank the deity by offering sacrifices and staging performances.They pray to the deity for blessings and a boom season for the silk business.
那些从事丝绸产业的人会准备贡品、举行表演来敬谢蚕神，祈求神明保佑丝织业的繁荣发展。
关键词
silkworm 蚕
cocoon 茧
deity 神
sacrifice 供品，牺牲
bless 保佑
练习--_根据首字母填合适的词
Xiaoman小满
With the end of May coming near, the h 1 days are getting closer. It's timefor the second solar term(节气)in s_2__ —Grain Buds. Grain Buds begins on May 21 and e 3 on June 4 this year. It is a period ofhumid days. The Chinese characters(汉字)Xiao Man m 4 that the seeds of thegrains(谷物)are becoming full. Xiao Man a 5 stands for a lot of rainfall.water during this period, grainsChinese farmers believe that if there is not e 6 will not grow well. As a saying goes,"A h 7 rainfall makes the river full."Thanks to the rain, the fish in the river growbig and fat. It is not only a happy thing for f 8 , but also a good time for those who love to eat fish.
During these humid days, people should take good c 9 of their health. Walking, running and practisingtai chi(太极)are popular a 10 for Chinese people during this period. Feel free to join the people who arewalking or dancing in the nearest park!
1 hot 2 summer 3 ends 4 mean 5 also 6 enough 7heavy
8 fishermen9 care 10 activities

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