资源简介 Unit 3 Could you please clean your room sweep. 打扫及物动词,其过去式和过去分词都是swept;常用短语有:sweep away消灭,消除 sweep up打扫,清扫 sweep out打扫干净He picked up the broom to sweep the floor.他拿起扫把扫起了地mess 杂乱,不整洁mess作不可数名词常用搭配:make a mess 搞得一团糟; be in a mess 杂乱不堪,陷入混乱All the rooms are in a mess.所有房间都杂乱不堪mess还可作动词,意为”弄脏,弄乱,搞砸”常用搭配:mess...upI have just put the books away,don’t mess them up again.我刚把书收拾好,别再把他们弄乱了throw 扔,投,掷其过去式为threw,过去分词为thrown;常用搭配如下:throw away/out 扔掉; throw...at... 向....扔...东西throw down 扔下,丢下; throw...to... 把...东西扔给....You can throw these books away,they are useless now.He threw a ball to his dog.(不含恶意)Someone threw a stone at the car.(恶意)He threw down the bag and walked away.他扔下包然后走了The minute I sat down in front of the TV.....the minute that引导时间状语从句,相当于the moment that,也相当于as soon as....I paid the money the minute/the moment/as soon as I received the toy.我一收到玩具就立刻支付了钱as soon as 一...就....该短语用以引导时间状语从句,如果主句用一般将来时,或主句含有情态动词,或主句为祈使句时,从句用一般现在时(代替将来)You can go as soon as he leaves.他一来你就可以走了As soon as we arrived there,we started to work.我们一到那就开始工作all the time 频繁,反复相当于the whole time;强调某动作在某段时间内一直进行或反复发生,通常放在句末;time的相关短语:in time 及时;on time 按时,准时;at the same time 同时at times有时(相当于sometimes的意思)for the first time (生平)第一次; from time to time 时不时地hang out闲逛当动词hang意为:悬挂,吊时其过去式和过去分词均为hung当动词hang意为:绞死时,其过去式和过去分词均为hangedpass 给,递,走过,通过(测试) 时间流逝pass意为给,递时作及物动词,常用搭配:pass sb sth= pass sth to sb. 把某物递给某人Pass me the ball.把球递给我,(也可指球场上传球)I passed the final exam.期末考试我及格了Time passes slowly.时间慢慢流逝常用短语:pass by 路过; pass away 消逝,去世; pass out 昏倒,失去知觉9.borrow与lend借 含义 常用搭配borrow 指把别人的东西借到主语这里,即:借过来 borrow sth(from sb) 向某人借某物lend 指把东西从主语这里借给别人,即:借出去 lend sth to sb=lend sb sth 把某物借给某人borrow与lend都是非延续性动词,不能与表示一段时间的状语连用表示“接用某物一段时间”时,用keep sth for some time结构-Tom,may I borrow your English book? 汤姆,我能借用你的英语书吗?-Sure,here you are.可以,给你-How long can I keep the book?我能借多久?-As long as you want. 想多久就多久hate 厌恶,憎恨,讨厌hate +名词、代词 表示:讨厌...I hate Monday mornings.我讨厌周一的早晨hate to do sth=hate doing sth 讨厌做某事I hate doing homework.我讨厌做作业hate sb to do/doing sth 讨厌某人做某事I hate others smoking beside me.我讨厌别人在我旁边抽烟either、neither用法详解A: either作副词,意为:也(不),而且,还;常用在否定句中句末来加强语气I don’t like the red shirt and I don’t like the green one either.我不喜欢这件红衬衫,我也不喜欢这件绿色的注:副词和副词短语also、too、as well也表示“也”的意思,但都用于肯定句中B: either作形容词意为:(两者中的)每个,常作定语He saw two films today,but he didn’t like either one.他今天看了两部电影,但他哪一部都不喜欢C:either作代词意为;(两者中的)任意一个,两者都(不)构成either of +代词或者either of the two+可数名词复数结构,此时谓语动词用单数Either of the two boys likes ice cream. 这两个男孩都喜欢冰淇淋=Both of the two boys like ice creamEither of them can’t sing. 他们两个都不会唱歌D:either作连词时意为:或者,常和or连用,构成either..or...结构。意为“不是....就是;要么....要么...”该结构连接两个并列成分,谓语动词的单复数采用“就近原则”Either I or she ate the apple.不是你就是她吃了这个苹果neither课文中neither did I是“neither+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语”的倒装结构,表示前面描述的否定情况也适用于后面;neither在此时是副词,意为“也不”,neither后面的动词取决于上文,上文中是主系表结构就用be动词,是主谓宾结构就用助动词,上文中有情态动词,neither后用相同的情态动词;该结构中的neither可以用nor替换例:-I don’t like the dress.我不喜欢这条裙子-Neither/Nor do I. 我也不喜欢- I can’t work out the problem.我解决不了这个问题-Neither can I./Me neither我也不能注:(me neither意为“我也不”,相当于neither+各种动词+I,但这里的neither不能用nor替换)neither作代词意为“两者都不”,此时反义词是both,常用结构:neither of+主语结构,后面谓语动词可以是单数也可以是复数Neither of us have/has a sister.我们两个都没有姐姐neither作形容词,意为“两者都不”,后面跟可数单数名词,作主语时,谓语动词用单数Neither answer is right. 两个答案都不对neither...nor...结构,意为“既不....也不...”,该结构连接两个并列成分作主语时,谓语动词的单复数采用“就近原则”Neither I nor he knows Lily.我和他都不认识莉莉while 与...同时,当...的时候,而,然而while、when、as的用法区别:while常表示一个较长的动作,它引导的从句动作与主句的动作是同时发生的、是平行的;when可以表示较短的动作也可以表示较长的动作,主句和从句的动作可以同时发生也可以先后发生;as与上两词同义,可替换while和when, 表示主句和从句的动作同时发生,常译为“一边……一边……”。如:Please do not trouble me while I am writing my homework.我写作业时请不要打扰我I’ll go home when I have finished my job.我干完了活儿就回去As we walked in the street, we sang songs and talked loudly.当我们在街上走路时我们高声地唱歌说话while作连词还可表示“而,然而”强调两者间的对比while还可以作名词,意为“一会儿”常用搭配有:after a while 过了一会; a little while 一小会invite邀请常见搭配:invite sb to+地点名词/活动类名词 “邀请某人到某地/参加某种活动”invite sb to do sth 邀请某人做某事He invited me to his house yesterday.他昨天邀请我去他家Chinese people often invite their friends to have dinner together.中国人经常邀请朋友一起吃完饭invitation是其名词形式,意为“邀请,请柬”waste 浪费作不可数名词意为“垃圾,废料,废物”A lot of waste from the factory is polluting the environment.大量来自工厂的废物正在污染环境作动词意为“浪费,滥用”常用搭配:waste time/money on sb/sth;waste time/money (in)doing...在某人/某物上浪费时间/金钱Don’t waste your time shopping all day. 不要整天把时间浪费在购物上作形容词意为“无用的,废弃的”,修饰名词作定语Put your waste paper into this box. 把你的废纸放进这个盒子里in order to 为了表目的,其后接动词原形,其否定形式是in order not toHe is doing his lessons carefully in order not to make any mistakes.为了不犯任何错,他正在认真的做功课provide 提供常用结构:provide sb. with sth.=provide sth. for sb “为某人提供某事物’’The restaurant provides customers with all kinds of food.这家餐厅给客户提供各种各样的食物anyway adv不管怎样,无论如何,尽管如此Anyway,we should try our best.无论如何我们应该尽最大的努力depend 取决于,依赖其过去式和过去分词都是depended常用搭配:it/that (all) depends “这样看情况而定” depend on 取决于,依赖--We are having a party this weekend,are you coming with us?我们这周末要举办派对,你要来参加吗?-That depends.看情况Children these days depend on their parents too much. 现如今的孩子非常依赖父母It depends on the weather whether we leave or not.我们走不走取决于天气develop 发展,壮大;形成观点;养成习惯其名词形式为development 发展,成长;其形容词形式为developing 发展中的;developed 发达的I think one of the best ways to keep healthy is to develop good habits.我认为保持健康最好的方式之一是养成良好的饮食习惯With the development of his business,he became very rich.随着他事业的发展,他变得富有了China is a developing country and France is a developed country.中国是发展中国家,法国是发达国家sincesince作连词时意为“因为,既然”引导原因状语从句,位于句首Since you don’t like the toy, I will give it to your sister.既然你不喜欢这个玩具,我就把它给你妹妹玩since作连词还可意为“从...以后,自..以来,自从”引导的时间状语从句常用一般过去时,主句常用现在完成时I haven’t left the city since I came here.从我来到这以后我就没有离开过这座城市since作介词,意为“从...以后,自..以来”后面接表示时间点的词或短语主句多用现在完成时I have worked here since 1998.自从1998年我就在这工作了since作副词,意为“从..以后,自..以来”多用于现在完成时中She left here ten years ago,and I haven’t seen her since.她十年前离开了这里,此后我再也没见过她20.as a result 副词性短语,意为“结果”,后面一般用逗号隔开,跟表示结果的句子as a result of 介词短语,意为“因为,由于”后常跟名词、代词表示原因,相当于because ofI got up late this morning. As a result,I missed the first bus.今早我起晚了,结果没有赶上早班车He was late for class as a result of heavy snow. 由于大雪导致了他上课迟到了21..drop 落下,掉下drop可作及物动词也可作不及物动词,侧重由于地球引力或没有握住而掉落fall是不及物动词,侧重失去平衡而摔倒、滑到;作名词意为:秋天,瀑布Be careful not to drop the cup.小心不要摔掉杯子Some apples dropped from the tree. 一些苹果从树上掉下来了I fell down and hurt my knee我摔倒了,还摔伤了膝盖drop作动词还可意为“放弃,停止” drop out(of school)意为“辍学”I think we’d better drop the subject. 我认为我们最好不要再谈这个话题了drop 作名词意为“滴,水滴”情态动词could情态动词could 可用于有礼貌地向对方提出请求或请求对方的许可,用于疑问句中,可代替can,在时间上与can没有区别,但语气要比can委婉、有礼貌。其答语没有固定的形式,但要符合上下文的语境。① 表示委婉地请求别人做某事常用句型Could you (please) do sth. 肯定答语:Yes, sure. / Yes, I can. /Of course, I cam. /No problem. /With pleasure.否定答语 (可先拒绝,再说明理由):Sorry, I can’t. I have to... Sorry, I'm going to... I'm afraid I can't. I have to...-Could you water the flowers 你浇浇花好吗 -Sorry, I can't. I have to do my homework.抱歉,我不行。我要做作业。② 表示委婉地请求别人允许自己做某事常用句型:Could I do sth. 肯定答语:Yes, you can./ Yes, please.等否定答语:Sorry; you can't./I'm afraid you can’t.(然后说明理由)等-Could I use your computer 我可以用你的电脑吗 -Sorry, you can't. I'm going to work on it.抱歉,你不能。我要用它工作。③.Could you please do sth 的否定形式为“Could you please not do sth. ”,表示委婉地批评对方,意为“请不要傲某事好吗 ”。例句:-Could you please not put your bike here -Sorry, I'll take it away at once. 对不起,我马上把它推走。【注】(1)“Could you (please)do sth. ”和“Could I do sth.”这两个句型的答语中一般都避免使用could,可以替换成can。(2)句中could都可换成can,(3)句中please还可放在句尾,其前用逗号和前面内容隔开。could 的其他用法:could为can的过去式,表示能力。She could swim at the age of seven.她7岁时就会游泳。表示惊讶、怀疑、不相信等态度,主要用于否定句或疑问句,此时could与can无时间上的区别,但语气比 can要弱。He couldn't /cant be over fifty.他不可能超过五十岁。Can/Could he be serious 难道他会当真吗 表示可能性,指对将来、现在或过去某种可能的推测。The book could be Mike's. He likes reading science books.这本书可能是迈克的,他喜欢看科学书籍。表示建议。You could get your sister a scarf as her birthday present.你可以给你妹妹买条围巾作为她的生日礼物。 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源预览