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英语 学科讲义
课程内容 8BU7知识点讲解
被动语态的基本知识
语态：英语的语态是通过动词的形式表现出来的，用来表明主语与谓语动词之间的关系，英语的动词有两种语态形式，即主动语态和被动语态。如果主语是动作的执行者，谓语动词用主动语态。如果主语是动作的对象，谓语动词用被动语态。
2. 主动语态与被动语态的转化：
①将主动语态的宾语改为被动语态的主语；②将主动语态的谓语动词改为“be＋过去分词”结构；③将主动语态的主语改为介词by之后的宾语，放在谓语动词之后（有时可省略）。
例： We visited that factory last summer. 主动语态
主语 谓语 宾语 状语
That factory was visited by us last summer 被动语态
主语 谓语 宾语 状语
例题：把下列句子改为被动句
John drew a beautiful horse last week.
_______________________________________________
【答案】A beautiful horse was drawn by John last week.
People use metal for making machines.
_______________________________________________
【答案】Metal is used for making machines by people.
He asked me to do that for him.
_______________________________________________
【答案】I was asked to do that for him.
They sold out the light green dresses.
_______________________________________________
【答案】The light green dresses were sold out by them.
3. 用法：
被动语态常用于以下两种情况：
（1）不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者；
例：This cloth is made of cotton.
（2）强调动作的承受者。
例：Her bike is stolen.
4. 一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态构成：
时态 结构 例句
一般现在时 am/is/are +过去分词 We are taught English by her. 由她教我们英语。
一般过去时 was/were+过去分词 A present was given to me by Mary. 玛丽给了我一件礼物。
例1：— Our classroom____________every day.
— So it is. It's our duty to keep it clean and tidy.
A. cleans B. is cleaning C. is cleaned D. cleaning
例2：The mobile phone has influenced people’s life a lot since it _________.
A. invents B. invented C. is invented D. was invented
例3：If city noises ____ from increasing，people will have to shout to be heard even at dinner．
A. are not kept　　B. are not keep C. do not keep　　 D. do not kept
【答案】CDA
知识点2：不用于被动语态的动词
①不及物动词不用于被动语态，如appear, come out, happen , take place等不及物动词不能用于被动语态。
例1：Great changes______________place. Many new schools ______________.
A. have taken, have been opened　　　 B. take, are open
C. are taken, open　　　　　　 　　　D. have been taken, are opened
【答案】A
②表状态动词不用于被动语态，常见的有：hold, have, cost, contain, become, look like等
例：这本书花了我20元。（用cost翻译）_____________________________
【答案】The book cost me 20 yuan.
知识点3：主动形式表被动意义
某些感官动词和系动词接形容词可以表示被动意义。如：look, smell, taste, feel, prove, wear, sound等
例：Her bedroom looks very clean and tidy.她的卧室看起来非常干净和整洁。
2)某些作表语的形容词后，用不定式主动形式表示被动意义。
例：The conversation is hard to understand.对这话很难理解。
The fish is not easy to fish.鱼不容易钓。
The passage is difficult to read.这段文章很难读懂。
3)write, sell, wash和read和副词连用，主动语态表被动意义。
例：The pen writes smoothly. 这笔写起来很顺手。
The article reads well. 这篇文章读起来很好。
例1：--- Do you like the material
--- Yes, it ___ very soft.
A . is feeling　 B . felt　 C . feels　 D . is felt
例2：It is difficult for a foreigner ____ Chinese．
A. write B. to write　 C. to be written D. written
例3：The composition doesn’t____any more.
A. need to be correcting 　 B. need to be corrected C. need be corrected 　 D. need be correcting
例4：--- What do you think of the book
---Oh, excellent. It's worth ___ a second time.
A . to read　 B . to be read　 C . reading　 D . being read
【答案】CBBC
知识点4：感官动词see, hear, watch, feel, notice及使役动词let, make, have等，动词后省略to不定式，变为被动语态时，应加上不定式符合to.
例：I always see the boys play in the park. (变成被动语态)
The boys are always seen to play by me in the park.
例1：He was made ___ a lot of work.
A. do B. to do C. did D. doing
例2：He was seen something from the shop.
A. steal B. to steal C. to be stolen D. stealed
【答案】BB
【巩固训练】
一、单项填空(10分)
( )1.We should tell people not to smoke showing them the harm of smoking.
A. of B. with C. in D. by
( )2. After the earthquake, the volunteers food and medicine to the survivors.
A. handed out B. came out
C. worked out D. sold out
( )3.—Susan, why are you still here They are all ready to start.
—I'm sorry, but I when to start.
A. won't be told B. am not told
C. wasn't told D. didn't tell
( )4. About 71% of the Earth covered with water.
A. are B. is C. were D. being
( )5. of the students are from London. They are young girls.
A. Mostly; most B. Almost; mostly
C. Mostly; almost D. Most; mostly
( )6. I used to live paycheck to payback (月光). But now, I have a habit of saving one-third of my money every month.
A. improved B. developed C. protected D. caused
( )7. Our monitor finished first in the competition, and we were very him.
A. busy with B. famous for
C. good at D. proud of
( )8.—How many cakes can I have
—None, dear. They for your father.
A. prepare B. prepared
C. have prepared D. are prepared
( ) 9.—Be careful when you are driving, in a rainstorm like this.
—Thanks. I will.
A. seriously B. exactly C. especially D. mostly
( )10.—I'm going back to see my parents this afternoon.
— .
A. It's very nice of you B. You'd better hurry
C. Say goodbye to them D. Give my best wishes to them
二、完形填空(10分)
When I was eleven years old, my life changed forever when I got a serious disease. My life was 1 with operations and treatments. I felt stressed(有压力的) because I was really uncertain 2 everything that was happening.
One day, I was receiving my thirteenth operation in the hospital. Being away from my friends and school was causing me almost as much 3 as the operation itself.
During that hospital stay, I received a card from a volunteer. That simple 4 meant much to me and gave me hope again during my time of need. I'll never 5 the way I felt after that small kindness. I started creating an organization called Cards for Hospitalized Kids.
The charity began with just a 6 dream of giving hope, joy and magic to those kids. It later turned into a national organization that sent cards to over 5 000 sick kids at more than 50 hospitals 7 the country.
It is hard to believe that such a small act can do so much good, 8 it does. Seeing a picture of a child 9 one of our cards with smile makes us keep this wonderful charity alive.
10 might provide medicine for these sick kids, but we provide that little bit of hope and magic that'll go a long way.
( )1. A. lighted B. matched C. filled D. painted
( )2. A. about B. with C. over D. towards
( )3. A. fun B. pain C. care D. danger
( )4. A. act B. job C. game D. lesson
( )5. A. mind B. lead C. forget D. risk
( ) 6. A. great B. possible C. perfect D. simple
( )7. A. along B. between C. beside D. across
( )8. A. so B. but C. for D. or
( )9. A. selling B. printing C. holding D. cleaning
( )10. A. Teachers B. Friends C. Patients D. Doctors
三、阅读理解(16分)
A
Time is running out—don't miss the chance to win fantastic prizes in our photo competition. Spring will soon be coming to an end and with it is our Scavenger Hunt Photo Competition. This competition challenges you to find a photograph about natural treasures for a chance to win a Canon PowerShot Zoom camera worth(值……的钱) 299 and book bundle worth 60. All you have to do is to head outdoors with a camera and take some photos of natural wonders. Then pick your favourites and send them to us. It's that easy. We're looking for the most interesting pictures, from breathtaking views to cute animals. You can find all the categories at www.. To enter, you will need permission (同意) from parents. The deadline for submission (提交) is 11:59 p.m. on 31 May, 2024. Winners will be announced (宣布)on 17 June,2024.
( )1. The competition is specially held for .
A. parents B. adults C. teachers D. children
( )2. Photos welcomed in this competition are mainly about .
A. treasures at home B. amazing views
C. rubbish in nature D. cute new-born babies
( )3.What can we infer (推断)from the text
A. Children cannot enter the competition if parents don't allow them to do so.
B. They can get to know about the result of the competition on 31 May, 2024.
C. Children who harm the insects when taking photos cannot enter the competition.
D. Children should wash hands before taking photos in order to keep the camera clean.
B
As a teenager, do you feel helpless when having problems with your parents Chen Zanzao, a 17-year-old boy from Shenzhen, has created a charity community called Dear Theodosia to offer professional (专业的) help to families facing similar problems. It now has 2 000 regular participants (参与者).
Chen's idea was inspired (激发) by the three-child policy (政策), "My friend Sina and I thought it would bring problems like parental favoritism (偏心)," Chen said. "Most families still don't know any methods to deal with (解决) this."
They started to research both scientific parenting styles and people's needs. They read a lot of studies on the problem and surveyed more than 1 000 people. They found that the healthiest family relationships (关系) are when parents take an active part in their children's lives.
They then started the community to spread the idea. "We hold talks and discussions as well as go on radio and TV programmes to spread useful information," Chen said.
Chen and his friend Sina would do one-on-one conversations with people who felt self-conscious (难为情的) about sharing their stories. "It's understandable that at first, they need time to trust us since we are young," Chen said. "But listening is the key, and slowly they will realize that we are professional."
"We met many parents saying, 'I never thought raising a child would be this difficult', so I think it's really important that parents think through if they could take the responsibility (责任) before they rush into anything," Chen added.
( )4. How does the writer introduce the topic(主题)
A. By giving examples. B. By comparison (对比).
C. By raising questions. D. By telling stories,
( )5.What does the underlined word ‘it’ in Paragraph 1 refer to __________
A.Dear Theodosia B.professional help
C.a similar problem D.a family
( ) 6. Why does the writer mention "three-child policy" in Paragraph 2
A. To advise children to get along well with their brothers and sisters.
B. To encourage (鼓励) parents to deal with family problems.
C. To call for parents to have more children.
D. To tell us why he started Dear Theodosia.
( )7.Which of the following ways was not used to spread useful information
A. Holding talks. B. Giving shows.
C. Going on TV programmes, D. Holding discussions.
( )8.What can we infer from this passage
A. 1 000 people were surveyed by Chen and his friend.
B. If parents take part in their children's lives actively, they may have healthy family relationships.
C. People are always willing to open their hearts to Chen.
D. Parents can quickly realize that Chen is professional.
四、信息还原(5分)
You may see people in need on news after a typhoon(台风). 1. Or maybe you've come across lost dogs hoping you could give them a home.
2. The answer is to be volunteers! Volunteering means spending some of your free time and energy helping others.
People volunteer to help others in many ways. 3. Volunteers visit homes of old people and sick children. They read books to them and chat with them. In Shenzhen, school students volunteer to teach children with brain(脑) diseases,
4. For example, many children in China volunteer to become narrators(讲解员) in museums. They need to receive history and communication lessons first.
People can also volunteer to protect the environment. 5.
Volunteering takes up your time, but it shows your care for others.
A. The usual way is to give away free time. B. Some volunteering asks for lots of money. C. So what can you do to help these people and animals D. Some volunteering asks for special knowledge or training. E. Volunteers need to find the right way to help people in need. F. They can join some organizations to plant trees and clear rubbish. G. Maybe you've walked past homeless people on the streets.
五、词汇检测(9分)
1.—Do you know all the (病人)well, Dr. Ma
—Sure. In this way, I can have more chances to cure them.
2. She had a (检查) on the tires (轮胎) before driving on the highway.
3. The doctor told him that this kind of (药) might work on him.
4. The Internet makes the (扩散)of information become quicker and quicker.
5.The (基本的) pay of the workers has risen by 3 per cent.
6. People in northern (印度)began to play chess nearly 1 500 years ago.
7. The opening ceremony (仪式)of the 19th Asian Games was h at the Hangzhou Olympic Sports Centre.
8. Why does your face look so p What's wrong with you
9. The typhoon will sweep across lots of countries, i China and Japan.
六、从方框中选择适当的单词或短语，在横线上填入其正确形式。每个单词或短语仅用一次(5分)
for protect so that set up right
Save the Children is an international organization that protects children's 1. and helps support children in developing countries, It was 2. in the United Kingdom in 1919. It provides food and water 3. the children who are affected (影响) by natural disasters, wars and other serious situations. It also provides better education, health care and economic (经济的) chances 4. lives of children can be improved.
Save the Children works with the support from the UN. Now, Save the Children has 5.
lots of children from the effects of wars in Gaza Strip(加沙地带).
七、短文填空(10分)
A group of fifteen-year-olds at Sunshine School are holding a charity sale to raise money to help their classmate Lisa. Lisa 1. (have) cerebral palsy(脑瘫) when she was a baby. Lisa has to use a wheelchair (轮椅) to help 2. (she) get around. "Lisa has the chance of standing up, but she needs 3. operation which costs much money," the doctor said.
"I never thought that I could stand up one day. In fact, the news is 4. (surprise) for me. However, when I see my parents worried about the cost, I am sad. I am used to 5.
(sit) on a wheelchair. I don't mind even if I can't stand up," Lisa said. "Now my classmates and some kind people are helping me. I am really thankful. If I stood up one day, I would try my 6.
(good) to help others."
"While helping Lisa, we can also learn a lot. We have learned 7. to make cookies and sell them," Betty, one of Lisa's classmates, said. "8. we have learnt that making money is not easy, we won't waste money anymore."
Alex, a boy in Lisa's class, told a 9. (report) that they could raise about 100 dollars every day. "We have10. (raise) about 2 100 dollars so far. We hope we will raise more money for Lisa's operation," he said.
八、完成句子(10分)
1.他一被送到医院，医生就对他进行了手术。
He as soon as he was sent to the hospital,
2.当“泰坦尼克号”开始沉没的时候，有数千人在船上。
There were when Titanic started to sink.
3.这两件外套都很漂亮，我拿不定主意。
Both of the coats are beautiful, so I .
4.我父母结婚时，他们买不起这么贵的一套公寓。
When my parents got married, they such an expensive flat.
5.如果精心组织这次活动，它将取得巨大的成功。
The activity will be a big success if it .
九、书面表达(25分)
假如你了解到贫困地区的一些孩子们的困境，想要倡导身边的同学们行动起来，帮助这些孩子。以下是你了解到的一些孩子们的现状和你的观点，请代表学生会完成一篇倡议信。
Dear students,
In some parts of the world, there are many children out of school.
The Students' Union
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