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新概念英语第二册
Lesson 49 The end of a dream
单词讲解
课文语法讲解：合并句子、并列句 vs. （主从）复合句、状语从句的省略知识拓展
单词讲解
tired adj. 厌 烦的 劳累的
be tired of …
We were tired of English / studying English.
real adj. 真正的
a real bed
really adv. 真正地
gust n. 一阵风
a gust of wind
sweep v. 扫，刮
sweep swept swept
sleep slept slept
keep kept kept
creep crept crept
smash v. 碰碎，摔碎
smash sth. to / into pieces
… the bed was smashed to pieces…
miraculously adv. 奇迹般地
miraculous adj. miracle n.
promptly adv. 迅速地fast quickly rapidly fleetly swiftly
课文语法讲解：并列句 vs. （主从）复合句、状语从句的省略
1. 句子的分类 （按照结构划分）
简单句：一件事
并列句：多件事一样重要
He slept very well for the first two nights, but on the third night, a storm blew up.
… the man sadly picked up the mattress and carried it into his house.
复合句：多件事不一样重要 = 主句 + 从句（连接词 + 陈述句）
①For the first time in his life, he became the proud owner of a bed ？ had springs
and a mattress.
For the first time in his life, he became the proud owner of a bed which had springs
and a mattress.
定语从句
②？ the weather was very hot, he carried the bed on to the roof of his house.
Because the weather was very hot, he carried the bed on to the roof of his house.
原因状语从句
③？ he woke up, he was still on the mattress.
When he woke up, he was still on the mattress.
时间状语从句
④ the bed was smashed to pieces, the man was miraculously unhurt.
Although the bed was smashed to pieces, the man was miraculously unhurt.
让步状语从句
2 状语从句的省略
done 作状语（表示被动）
①Because she was punished, she burst into tears.
Because punished, she burst into tears.
Punished, she burst into tears.
②When it is done too often, this habit can sometimes hurt.
When done too often, this habit can sometimes hurt.
Done too often, this habit can sometimes hurt.
doing 作状语（表示主动）
①While he was talking with me, he broke his cup carelessly.
While talking with me, he broke his cup carelessly.
Talking with me, he broke his cup carelessly.
②After he glanced at the bits of wood and metal… the man sadly picked up the
mattress…
After glancing at the bits of wood and metal…
Glancing at the bits of wood and metal…
③Because he was tired of sleeping on the floor, a young man in Teheran saved up
for years to buy a real bed.
Because being tired of sleeping on the floor, ...
Being tired of sleeping on the floor, ...
练习
Tired of sleeping on the floor, a young man in Teheran saved up for years to buy a
real bed.
For the first time in his life, he became the proud owner of a bed which had springs
and a mattress.
Because the weather was very hot, he carried the bed on to the roof of his house.
He slept very well for the first two nights, but on the third night, a storm blew up.
A gust of wind swept the bed off the roof and sent it crashing into the courtyard
below.
The young man did not wake up until the bed had struck the ground.
The young man woke up until the bed had struck the ground.
Although the bed was smashed to pieces, the man was miraculously unhurt.
When he woke up, he was still on the mattress.
… the man sadly picked up the mattress and carried it into his house.
Glancing at the bits of wood and metal… the man sadly picked up the mattress and
carried it into his house.
Glancing at the bits of wood and metal that lay around him, the man sadly picked
up the mattress and carried it into his house.
After he had put it on the floor, he promptly went to sleep again.
知识拓展
A 合并句子
1）He missed the train. He did not hurry.
He missed the train because he did not hurry.
He ran fast. He failed to win the race. 2）Although he ran fast, he failed to win the race.
He ran fast but he failed to win the race.
My neighbour could not return home. He went to Tokyo for a holiday. He did not have enough money.
My neighbour, went to Tokyo for a holiday, could not return home, he did not
have enough money
My neighbour, who went to Tokyo for a holiday, could not return home, because he
did not have enough money.
The city was destroyed during the war. The city has not been completely rebuilt. Destroyed during the war, the city has not been completely rebuilt.
5）I found the door unlocked. I went into the kitchen. Finding the door unlocked, I went into the kitchen.
6）I went into the garden. I wanted to pick some flowers. I went into the garden to pick some flowers.
B 不规则变化的动词：
blow blew blown
sweep swept swept
Lesson 50 Taken for a ride
单词讲解
课文语法讲解：复习doing / done / to do 作定语/状语; 宾语从句的省略知识拓展：易混淆词
单词讲解
ride v. 骑，搭乘 ride a bicycle / horse n. 旅 行
take (sb.) for a ride 开车带某人兜风／欺骗某人
sb. be taken for a ride.
excursion n. 远 足
go on an excursion
课文语法讲解：复习 doing / done / to do 作定语/状语; 宾语从句的省略
复习 doing / done / to do 作定语/状语
I love travelling in the country, but I don't like losing my way.
I went on an excursion recently, but my trip took me longer than I expected.
take 用法
take v. 花 费
Sth. take sb. some time
(takes / took / will take / have taken …)
The recovery took her three years.
… my trip took me longer than I expected. To do sth. takes sb. some time.
= It takes sb. some time to do sth.
去劝说她（过去）花费了我 10 分钟。
It took me ten minutes to persuade her.
定语从句的省略
'I'm going to Woodford Green,' I said to the conductor as I got on the bus, 'but I
don't know where it is.’ （get on / off the bus）
'I'll tell you where to get off,’ answered the conductor.
I’ll tell you where you should get off.
宾语从句的省略 wh- / how to do
Love Out Of Nothing At All
I know just how to whisper
and I know just how to cry.
I know just where to find the answers
and I know just how to lie.
I know just how to fake it
and I know just how to scheme.
I sat in the front of the bus to get a good view of the countryside.
… my wife was still in front of the mirror.
I sat in the front of the bus to get a good view of the countryside.
Looking round, I realized that I was the only passenger left on the bus.
You’ll have to get off here,’ the conductor said. 'This is as far as we go.'
'Is this Woodford Green ' I asked.
'Oh dear,' said the conductor suddenly. 'I forgot to put you off.'
forget to do sth. forget doing sth.
'It doesn't matter,' I said. 'I'll get off here.’
'We're going back now,' said the conductor.
'Well, in that case, I prefer to stay on the bus,' I answered.
prefer v.
~ n. to n.
~ doing sth to doing sth
~ to do sth rather than do sth
~ 从 句
知识拓展
A 易混淆词：
lose loose miss
I don’t like losing my way.
Several screws have come loose. I’ll have to tighten them.
We haven’t seen you for a long time. We have missed you.
We must hurry or we’ll miss the train.
expect wait for
My trip took me longer than I expected.
I am expecting Jack to arrive at six o’clock, but I shall not wait for him if he is not
here by 6:15
B 不规则变化的动词
forget forgot forgotten forgetting prefer preferred preferred preferring
Lesson 51 Reward for virtue
单词讲解
课文语法讲解：复习一般过去时知识拓展：易混淆词
01 单词讲解
1. reward n. 报 偿 v. 给奖赏
reward sb. reward oneself
You worked so hard, and you need to reward yourself occasionally.
diet n. 节 食
go on a diet / begin a diet be on a diet
I am on a diet now.
hurriedly adv. 匆忙地
do sth. hurriedly hurry v. 匆 忙
embarrass v. 使尴尬
You embarrass me.
I am embarrassed. embarrassed adj. 尴尬的embarrassing adj. 使人尴尬的
guiltily adv. 内疚地
guilty adj.
guilt n. 有罪，内疚
occasionally adv. 偶尔地occasional adj. 偶尔的, 不经常的occasion n. 场合；时机，机会
课文语法讲解：复习一般过去时
My friend, Hugh, has always been fat, but things got so bad recently that he
decided to go on a diet.
get bad , go on a diet
so… that… 结果状语从句
He began his diet a week ago.
First of all, he wrote out a long list of all the foods which were forbidden. write wrote written
First of all, he wrote out a long list of all the foods which were forbidden.
=the forbidden foods forbid forbade forbidden
The list included most of the things Hugh loves : butter, potatoes, rice, beer, milk,
chocolate; and sweets.
The list included most of the things (that) Hugh loves
Yesterday I paid him a visit. pay sb. a visit = visit sb.
n. v.
I rang the bell and was not surprised to see that Hugh was still as fat as ever.
ring rang rung ring the bell
be surprised to do sth.
as … as …
as fat as ever 比较状语
as fat as he ever was 比较状语从句
He led me into his room and hurriedly hid a large parcel under his desk.
lead led led
hide hid hidden
It was obvious that he was very embarrassed.
＝That he was very embarrassed was obvious. 主语从句
When I asked him what he was doing, he smiled guiltily and then put the parcel
on the desk.
He explained that his diet was so strict that he had to reward himself
occasionally.
Then he showed me the contents of the parcel.
contents n. 内有的物品the contents of …
It contained five large bars of chocolate and three bags of sweets!
include v.
contain v.
知识拓展
A 易混淆词1）raise vs. rise raise vt.
That boy always raises his hand when I ask a question.
Heavy rain have raised the level of the river.
rise vi. (rose risen) The sun has just risen.
I always rise at six o’clock.
2）lay vs. lie lie v.
躺／处于，位于 lie lay lain lying
说谎 lie lied lied lying
lay
表示过去的“躺／处于，位于”
The beggar lay there yesterday.
不表示过去，作动词原形
表示“放置，摆放／产卵，下蛋”
lay laid laid
练习：
Lay those parcels on the floor, please.
Haven’t you laid the table yet
It is nice to get up in the morning,
but it’s nicer to lie in bed.
I lay in bed till 10 o’clock last Sunday morning.
B 不规则变化的动词
forbid forbade forbidden forbidding lead led led
Lesson 52 A pretty carpet
单词讲解
课文语法讲解：现在完成时，现在完成进行时知识拓展：句子分析
单词讲解
temporarily adv. 暂时地
do sth. temporarily
temporary adj. 暂时的，临时的，短期的
a temporary job
inch n. 英寸（度量单位）
12 inches = 1 foot（英尺）= 0.3048 metre
3 feet = 1 yard(码)
课文语法讲解：现在完成时，现在完成进行时
现在完成时
形式：have/has done
用法：现在的之前 强调事情完成的结果现在完成进行时
形式：have/has been doing
用法：现在的之前 强调事情进行的过程
现在完成进行时
have/has been doing
I have been studying English all morning. It has been raining for a week.
We have been living here since I was born.
练习：
We have just moved into a new house
and I have been working hard all morning
I have been trying to get my new room in order. （try to do sth.； get sth. in order）
This has not been easy because I own over a thousand books.
This was not easy. This is not easy.
To make matters worse, the room is rather small, so I have temporarily put my
books on the floor.
At the moment, they cover every inch of floor space and I actually have to walk on them to get in or out of the room.
A short while ago, my sister helped me to carry one of my old bookcases up the stairs.
She went into my room and got a big surprise when she saw all those books on the floor.
'This is the prettiest carpet I have ever seen,' she said.
It is one of the ugliest faces I have ever seen.
She gazed at it for some time then added, 'You don't need bookcases at all. You
can sit here in your spare time and read the carpet!'
形容词最高级
'This is the prettiest carpet I have ever seen,' she said.
知识拓展：句子分析
'This is the prettiest carpet I have ever seen,' she said.
形容词最高级+ n. + sb. have ever done
… so it will soon be sending us the clearest pictures … that we have ever seen.
你是我曾经见过的最漂亮的女孩。
You are the most beautiful girl I have ever seen.
这是我们曾经听过的最令人激动的消息。
This is the most exciting news we have ever heard.
Lesson 53 Hot snake
单词讲解
课文语法讲解：一般过去时/现在完成时/现在完成进行时知识拓展：易混淆词
单词讲解
cause
v. 引起 Carelessness causes accidents.
n. 起因 the cause of the fire
examine v. 检 查
examiner n. 主考官
examination n. 检查，考试 (exam)
accidentally adv. 意外地，偶然地
do sth. accidentally do sth. by accident do sth. by chance
accidentally adv. 意外地，偶然地
accidental adj. accident n.
remains n. 尸体，残骸the remains of a snake remain v. 保持，保留remain silent
wire n. 电 线
wireless adj. 无线的
wireless network / mouse / keyboard
solve v. 解 决solve the mystery solve the problem of …
solve the problem of air pollution / earthquake
课文语法讲解：一般过去时/现在完成时/现在完成进行时
一般过去时 did
现在完成时 have/has done
现在完成进行时 have/has been doing
练习：
At last firemen have put out a big forest fire in California. 现在完成时
Since then, they have been trying to find out how the fire began. 现在完成进行时
Forest fires are often caused by broken glass or by cigarette ends which people
carelessly throw away.
Yesterday the firemen examined the ground carefully, but were not able to find
any broken glass.
They were also quite sure that a cigarette end did not start the fire.
This morning, however, a fireman accidentally discovered the cause.
He noticed the remains of a snake which was wound round the electric wires of
a 16,000-volt power line.
wind wound wound
wind round …
In this way, he was able to solve the mystery.
The explanation was simple but very unusual. explanation n.
explain v.
A bird had snatched up the snake from the ground and then dropped it on to
the wires.
The snake then wound itself round the wires.
When it did so, it sent sparks down to the ground and these immediately started
a fire. I think so.
I guess so.
I believe so.
知识拓展：易混淆词
throw to / throw at / throw away
Forest fires are often caused by cigarette ends which people carelessly throw away.
He threw the ball to me and I caught it.
The boy threw a stone at the window and broke it.
quite / quiet
They were also quite sure that a cigarette end did not start the fire.
The class kept very quiet during the lesson.
drop / fall
A bird had dropped the snake on to the wires.
He fell down the stairs and broke his leg.
Lesson 54 Sticky fingers
单词讲解
课文语法讲解
知识拓展：定冠词 the 的用法
单词讲解
sticky adj. 粘 的
sticky fingers 黏糊糊的手指sticky weather 闷热的天气stick v. 粘 贴
persuade v. 说服，劝说
persuade sb. (not) to do sth. persuade sb. into / out of doing sth.
mess n. 乱七八糟What a mess! make a mess (of …) be in a mass
sign v. 签 字sign your name here sign a contract
n. 指示牌，符号
signature n. 签 名
课文语法讲解
After breakfast, I sent the children to school and then I went to the shops. It was still early when I returned home.
The children were at school, my husband was at work and the house was quiet. So I decided to make some meat pies.
In a short time I was busy mixing butter and flour and my hands were soon covered with sticky pastry.
flower 花 / flour 面 粉
At exactly that moment, the telephone rang.
Nothing could have been more annoying.
I picked up the receiver between two sticky fingers and was dismayed when I recognized the voice of Helen Bates.
pick up / hang up
It took me ten minutes to persuade her to ring back later.
To do sth takes sb. some time
= It takes sb. some time to do sth.
At last I hung up the receiver. What a mess!
There was pastry on my fingers, on the telephone, and on the doorknobs.
I had no sooner got back to the kitchen than the doorbell rang loud enough to wake the dead.
enough
adj. I have enough time/time enough. adv. good enough loud enough
This time it was the postman and he wanted me to sign for a registered letter!
知识拓展：
定冠词 the 的用法
I had no sooner got back to the kitchen than the doorbell rang loud enough to wake the dead.
the + adj. 表示一类
the dead the living
the rich the poor
the deaf the blind
I went to the school in our village to meet my friend.
The children went to school this morning.
It is the most interesting film I have ever seen.
Most people enjoyed it.
Lesson 55 Not a gold mine
单词讲解
课文语法讲解：总结非谓语动词; 区分易混淆词组知识拓展：写作拓展
单词讲解
gold n. 金 子
a gold mine
He has a gold watch.
golden adj. 金色的，金质的，珍贵的
He missed a golden opportunity.
mine n. 矿
mineral n. 矿物，矿物质 adj. 矿物质的
mineral water
revealer n. 探测器
reveal v. 披露，显示
invent v. 发 明
discover v. 发 现
detect v. 探 测
detective n. 侦 探
pirate n. 海 盗
Pirates of the Caribbean
盗版
pirate books
pirate software
entrance n. 入 口
enter v. 进 入
exit n. 出 口
confident adj. 有信心的
confidence n. 信 心
self-confident adj. 有自信心的
self-confidence n. 自信心
课文语法讲解：总结非谓语动词
Key structure
used to do sth. would do sth.
总结非谓语动词！非谓语动词什么是非谓语动词？
什么时候用非谓语动词？ 非谓语动词分几种？ doing / done / to do
非谓语动词的作用
相当于名词用，作主语/宾语/表语（doing / to do）
Fishing is my favourite sport. L20
To fish is my favourite sport.
It was his job to repair bicycles. L31
相当于名词用，作主语/宾语/表语（doing / to do）
I often fish for hours without catching anything. L20
Both men started running through the trees. L44
Both men started to run through the trees.
相当于名词用，作主语/宾语/表语（doing / to do）
My dream is travelling around the world.
My dream is to travel around the world.
修饰名词/句子，作定语/状语（doing / done / to do）
Passing planes can be heard night and day. L21
I was the only passenger left on the bus. L50
I have a lot of homework to do.
修饰名词/句子，作定语/状语（doing / done / to do）
Looking round, I realized that I was the only passenger.
Armed with the new machine, they went into the cave…
I sat in the front of the bus to get a good view…
Dreams almost came true recently. Dreams of…
Dreams of finding treasure
Dreams of finding lost treasure
Dreams of finding lost treasure almost came true recently.
A new machine called 'The Revealer' has been invented
and it has been used to detect gold
which has been buried in the ground.
The machine was used in a cave near the seashore where —— it is said ——
pirates used to hide gold.
The machine was used in a cave near the seashore where pirates used to hide gold.
The machine was used in a cave near the seashore where pirates used to hide gold.
The pirates would often bury gold in the cave and then fail to collect it.
过去常常做某事：used to do sth. / would do sth.
I used to go to work by bus. Now I go by car.
I used to be a student. I used to have many pen-friends.
When I was a boy, I used to spent my holiday in a factory. I would get up at
5:00 and would start working at 6:00.
The machine was used in a cave near the seashore where pirates used to
hide gold.
The pirates would often bury gold in the cave and then fail to collect it.
Armed with the new machine, a search party went into the cave…
Armed with the new machine, a search party went into the cave hoping
（hope）to find treasure.
Armed with the new machine, a search party went into the cave hoping to
find buried （bury）treasure.
Armed with the new machine, a search party went into the cave hoping to find
buried treasure.
The leader of the party was examining the soil near the entrance to the cave when
the machine showed that there was gold under the ground.
Very excited, the party dug a hole two feet deep.
They finally found a small gold coin which was almost worthless.
The party then searched the whole cave thoroughly but did not find anything except an empty tin trunk.
In spite of this, many people are confident that ‘ The Revealer ’ may reveal
something of value fairly soon. despite prep. 尽 管
In spite of this, many people are confident that ‘ The Revealer ’ may reveal something of value fairly soon.
something of value = something valuable
知识拓展写作拓展
In spite of this, many people are confident that ‘ The Revealer ’ may reveal something of value fairly soon.
something of value = something valuable
something of great value = something very valuable
something of value = something valuable
something of great value = something very valuable
very important = of great importance very different = of great difference very important = of great importance very different = of great difference
Your final exam is of great importance. Chinese and English are of great difference.
区分易混淆词组：
used to do sth. 过去常常做某事
be used to do sth. 被用来去做某事
be used to sth./doing sth. 习惯于某物/做某事
The machine has been used to detect gold which has been buried in the ground.
The machine was used in a cave near the seashore where pirates used to hide gold.
I am used to staying up late.
She didn’t like this district at first, but she is used to it now.
I (use to) (used to) see him often.
I (am used to) (used to) swimming in cold water.
He (used to) (is used to) buy two bars of chocolate.
I couldn’t stand the noise at first，but I (am used to) (used to) it now.
不规则变化的动词：
dig dug dug digging
Lesson 56 Faster than sound!
单词讲解
课文语法讲解：复习形容词/副词的比较级/最高级；其他表示比较的词/词组知识拓展：易混淆词
单词讲解
sound
n. 声音 比 较 voice / noise
v. 听 起来 That sounds like a good idea.
explosion n. 爆炸，轰响
explosive n. 炸药 adj. 易爆炸的
course n. 跑道，行程 课程，一道菜
on / off the course
speed
疾驶，加速 (speed sped sped)
The ambulance sped to the hospital.
speed up / slow down
速度 reach / keep a speed (of …)
drive at the speed of…
课文语法讲解：复习形容词/副词的比较级/最高级； 其他表示比较的词/词组
Once a year, a race is held for old cars. once / twice / … times
A lot of cars entered for this race last year and there was a great deal of
excitement just before it began.
One of the most handsome cars was a Rolls- Royce Silver Ghost.
The most unusual car was a Benz which had only three wheels.
(Build) in 1885, it was the oldest car (take) part. Built in 1885, it was the oldest car taking part.
After a great many loud explosions, the race began.
Many of the cars broke down on the course and some drivers spent more time
under their cars than in them!
A few cars, however, completed the race.
The winning car reached a speed of forty miles an hour -- much faster than any
of its rivals.
It sped downhill at the end of the race and its driver had a lot of trouble trying
to stop it.
The race gave everyone a great deal of pleasure.
It was very different from modern car races but no less exciting.
be different from … be the same as … be similar to …
It was very different from modern car races but no less exciting.
修饰或指代不可数名词，表示“许多，大量”
much
a great deal (of…) a lot (of…)
There isn’t much I can do to help him.
修饰或指代可数名词，表示“许多，大量”
many a great many (of…) a great number (of…)
a lot (of…)
Many of our products are sold overseas.
修饰或指代不可数名词
much a great deal (of…) a lot (of…) a little little
There isn’t much whisky, but you can have a little.
There is little I can do to help him.
修饰或指代可数名词
many a great many (of…) a lot (of…)
a great number (of…) a few few There aren’t many apples, but you can pick a few.
There were few people in the shop.
知识拓展
区分易混淆词： handsome beautiful pretty
good-looking
reach arrive in/at
The winning car reached a speed of forty miles an hour.
Will you pass me that book please I can’t reach it.
I had nearly reached the town, when the young man suddenly said…
We arrived in New York yesterday.
We arrive at the station in good time.
take part take place
It was the oldest car taking part.
The next race will take place in a year’s time.
不规则变化的动词：
speed sped sped
Lesson 57 Can I help you, madam
单词讲解
课文语法讲解：复习介词知识拓展：使役动词
单词讲解
serve v. 接待(顾客) 服务
service n. 服 务
scornfully adv. 轻蔑地
scornful adj.
scorn n. / v. 轻蔑，蔑视，鄙视
eager adj. 热切的，热情地
be eager for sth.
The man is eager for success. be eager to do sth.
The stranger was eager to help me.
课文语法讲解：复习介词介词
in / on / at
to
into / out of
with
A woman in jeans stood at the window of an expensive shop.
Though she hesitated for a moment, she finally went in and asked to see a dress
that was in the window.
The assistant who served her did not like the way she was dressed.
Glancing at her scornfully, he told her that the dress was sold.
The woman walked out of the shop angrily and decided to punish the assistant
next day.
She returned to the shop the following morning dressed in a fur coat, with a
handbag in one hand and a long umbrella in the other.
After seeking out the rude assistant, she asked for the same dress.
Not realizing who she was, the assistant was eager to serve her this time.
With great difficulty, he climbed into the shop window to get the dress.
As soon as she saw it, the woman said she did not like it.
She enjoyed herself making the assistant bring almost everything in the window
before finally buying the dress she had first asked for.
She enjoyed herself making the assistant bring almost everything in the window
before finally buying the dress she had first asked for.
知识拓展：使役动词
make sb. do / let sb. do
She made the assistant bring almost everything in the window.
The teacher made the boy write the exercise again.
make sb. do / let sb. do
Let’s take a taxi.
Don’t let the children touch anything in this room please.
不规则变化的动词：
seek sought sought
Lesson 58 A blessing in disguise
单词讲解
课文语法讲解：复习被动语态；强调句
知识拓展：双宾语动词的被动语态；被动语态在写作中的应用
单词讲解
blessing n. 福分，福气
bless v. 保 佑
God bless you!
disguise
n. 伪装 a blessing in disguise
v. 伪装 disguise one’s voice
possess v. 拥 有
own / have
possession n. 拥 有
cursed adj. 可恨的
curse v. 诅咒，咒骂
a cursed tree
increase v. 增加，上涨
The population of China increased greatly in the last decade.
rise / grow up / go up / climb
increase v. 增加，上涨
rise / grow up / go up / climb
decrease v. 减少，降低，下降
decline / go down / drop / fall
evil
adj. 坏的，邪恶的
gain / get / earn + an evil reputation
n. 邪恶，罪恶，坏事
claim
以……为其后果，领取，索取
The hurricane claimed hundreds of victims.
claim the baggage
声称，主张，断言
She claimed that she had won the match.
source n. 来 源
the source of income
the source of information
课文语法讲解：复习被动语态；强调句
Key structure:
复习被动语态
强调句
The tiny village of Frinley is said to possess a 'cursed tree'.
Because the tree was mentioned in a newspaper, the number of visitors to Frinley
has now increased.
the number of + 可数名词复数 “……的数量” 以上作主语，后接单数动词
a number of + 可数名词复数 “许多／大量的……” 以上作主语，后接复数动词
The number of the students (is/are) 5000.
A number of students (is/are) coming here.
The tree was planted near the church fifty years ago, but it is only in recent years
that it has gained an evil reputation.
The tree was planted near the church fifty years ago, but it is only in recent years that it has gained an evil reputation.
强调句
强调句
1）构成：
It is + 强调的部分 + that + 句子余下的部分. 2）变化：
It is/was + 强调的部分 + that/who + 句子余下的部分.
Tom went camping with Jenny.
It was Tom that/who went camping with Jenny.
We used to have meetings in the cafe.
It was in the cafe that we used to have meetings.
Men can solve the problems of natural disaster only by controlling the environmental pollution.
It is only by controlling the environmental pollution that men can solve the
problems of natural disaster.
3）不能强调什么？
It was obvious that he was very embarrassed. It is said that he has returned from England. 以上不是强调句！
It is said that if anyone touches the tree, he will have bad luck; if he picks a
leaf, he will die.
主语从句 后置
Many villagers believe that the tree has already claimed a number of victims
Many villagers believe that the tree has already claimed a number of victims.
The vicar has been asked to have the tree cut down, but so far he has refused.
The vicar has been asked to have the tree cut down, but so far he has refused.
cut down
have sth. done
The vicar has been asked to have the tree cut down, but so far he has refused.
He has pointed out that the tree is a useful source of income, as tourists have
been coming from all parts of the country to see it.
He has pointed out that the tree is a useful source of income, as tourists have been coming from all parts of the country to see it.
In spite of all that has been said, the tourists have been picking leaves and
cutting their names on the tree-trunk.
In spite of all that has been said, the tourists have been picking leaves and
cutting their names on the tree-trunk.
So far, not one of them has been struck down by sudden death!
be+done
被动的时间 1 被动的动作
主语的单复数
练习：
The tiny village of Frinley is said to possess a 'cursed tree'.
Because the tree was mentioned in a newspaper, …
The tree was planted near the church …
It is said that if anyone touches the tree, he will have bad luck…
The vicar has been asked to have the tree cut down…
In spite of all that has been said, the tourists have been picking leaves…
So far, not one of them has been struck down by sudden death! Key structure:
复习被动语态
强调句
知识拓展
双宾语动词的被动语态
被动语态在写作中的应用
双宾语动词的被动语态
She gave me a pen. = She gave a pen to me.
I was given a pen by her. A pen was given to me by her.
The manager offered the vacant post to him.
The vacant post was offered to him by the manager.
The manager offered him the vacant post.
He was offered the vacant post by the manager.
被动语态在写作中的应用
People say (that) he is a genius.
He is said to be a genius.
It is said that he is a genius.
People say (that) there is oil under the North Sea.
There is said to be oil under the North Sea.
It is said that there is oil under the North Sea.
Lesson 59 In or out
单词讲解
课文语法讲解：复习被动语态；表示目的的几种方式知识拓展：表示目的的几种方式
单词讲解
press v. 按，压
press the button
press any key to continue
n. 出版社，新闻界
Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press
press v. 按，压
pressure n. 压 力
relieve the pressure
the pressure of life / work
develop v. 养 成
develop a bad / good habit
a developing country
a developed country
课文语法讲解：复习被动语态；强调句
Key structure:
复习课
表示目的的几种方式
Our dog, Rex, used to sit outside our front gate and bark.
Every time he wanted to come into the garden he would bark until someone
opened the gate.
As the neighbours complained of the noise, my husband spent weeks training
him to press his paw on the latch to let himself in.
complain of / about …
spend + 时间／钱 ＋on sth. / (in) doing sth. train sb. to do sth.
表示目的：
in order to do sth. so as to do sth.
Rex soon became an expert at opening the gate.
However, when I was going out shopping last week, I noticed him in the garden near the gate.
This time he was barking so that someone would let him out!
结果状语从句
He ran to the station so that he caught the train.
He ran to the station so that he might catch the train.
= in order that
目的状语从句：in order that…
Since then, he has developed another bad habit.
As soon as he opens the gate from the outside, he comes into the garden and
waits until the gate shuts.
Then he sits and barks until someone lets him out.
After this he immediately lets himself in and begins barking again.
Yesterday my husband removed the gate and Rex got so annoyed we have not seen him since.
Rex got so annoyed (that) we have not seen him since.
知识拓展
表示目的的几种方式：
to do / in order to do / so as to do
so that / in order that +句子(有情态动词)
I told him about it.
I wanted to help you.
I told him about it to/in order to/so as to help you.
I told him about it so that/in order that I might help you.
I opened the door quietly.
I didn’t want to disturb him.
I opened the door quietly not to/in order not to/so as not to disturb him.
I opened the door quietly so that/in order that I would not disturb him.
The thief ran quickly.
The policeman couldn’t catch him.
The thief ran quickly so that/in order that he policeman couldn’t catch
him.
Lesson 60 The future
单词讲解
课文语法讲解：复习表示将来的各种时态知识拓展：复习表示将来的各种时态
单词讲解
future n. 未来，前途
in the (near / distant) future
look forward to the future
fair n. 集市，展览会
adj. 公 平的 fair enough
impatiently adv. 不耐烦地
impatient adj. 没有耐心的，不耐烦的
patient adj. 有耐心的 n. 患者，病人
patiently adv. 耐心地
课文语法讲解：复习被动语态；强调句
Key structure:
复习表示将来的各种时态
At a village fair, I decided to visit a fortune-teller called Madam Bellinsky.
a school bus
a birthday present a door key
a crystal ball
At a village fair, I decided to visit a fortune-teller called Madam Bellinsky.
I went into her tent and she told me to sit down.
After I had given her some money, she looked into a crystal ball and said:
'A relation of yours is coming to see you.
She will be arriving this evening and intends to stay for a few days.
The moment you leave this tent, you will get a big surprise.
the moment 引出时间状语从句
时间状语从句用一般现在时表示将来
A woman you know well will rush towards you.
主主谓谓
A woman you know well will rush towards you.
主主谓谓
A woman you know well will rush towards you.
She will speak to you and then she will lead you away from this place. That is
all.'
As soon as I went outside, I forgot all about Madam Bellinsky because my wife hurried towards me.
'Where have you been hiding ' she asked impatiently.
'Your sister will be here in less than an hour and we must be at the station to
meet her. We are late already.'
As she walked away, I followed her out of the fair.
复习表示将来的各种时态
一般将来时 will do am/is/are going to do
现在进行时 am/is/are doing
将来进行时 will be doing
一般现在时 do / does
Lesson 61 Trouble with the Hubble
单词讲解
课文语法讲解：将来进行时，将来完成时，将来完成进行时知识拓展
单词讲解
space n. 空 间
outer space
There is no space in my room.
faulty adj. 有错误的
fault n. 错误，故障
distant adj. 遥远的
distance n. 距 离
different adj. difference n.
important adj. importance n.
significant adj. significance n.
convenient adj. convenience n.
billion n. 十 亿
中文 十亿 百万 千
000, 000, 000, 000, 000
英语 billion million thousand trillion hundred
注意： five billion billions of …
universe n. 宇 宙
universal adj. 宇宙的，普遍的，通用的
课文语法讲解：将来进行时，将来完成时，将来完成进行时
The Hubble telescope was launched into space by NASA … at a cost of over a
billion dollars.
Right from the start there was trouble with ...
There be + n. + 介词短语
There is a girl in the classroom. There are problems in front of us.
The pictures it sent us were very disappointing because its main mirror was faulty!
分析句子： 标准化的步骤
标点符号，关键词，分析主谓
The pictures it sent us were very disappointing …!
谓 谓
主 主
The pictures it sent us were very disappointing …!
主 主 谓 谓
从句
The pictures it sent us were very disappointing …!
定语从句
n. + 从句 （无关系词）
NASA is … going to put the telescope right, so it will … be sending up four
astronauts to repair it.
The shuttle Endeavour will be taking the astronauts to the Hubble.
A robot-arm … will grab the telescope and hold it while the astronauts make the
necessary repairs.
A robot-arm … will grab the telescope and hold it while the astronauts make the
necessary repairs.
A robot-arm … will grab the telescope
and hold it
while the astronauts make the necessary repairs.
Of course, the Hubble is above the earth's atmosphere, so it will soon be sending
us the clearest pictures of the stars and distant galaxies that we have ever seen.
The Hubble will tell us a great deal about the age and size of the universe.
By the time you read this, the Hubble's eagle eye will have sent us thousands and
thousands of wonderful pictures.
By the time you read this, the Hubble‘s eagle eye will have sent us … pictures.
将来完成时 will/shall have done
① by + 时间 表示“截止到…时间”，与完成时连用
He will have arrived by this time tomorrow.
He will phone us later today. He will have received his exam results by then.
② by the time + 句子 引导时间状语从句
The conference will have lasted a full week by the time it ends.
By the time he arrives in Beijing, we will have stayed here for two days.
③ by the time you read this
时间状语从句中，一般现在时表示将来结论：
by the time +句子 (一般现在时) 截至到将来用将来完成时
将来进行时 I will be writing letters all day tomorrow.
将来完成时 He will have arrived by this time tomorrow.
知识拓展
将来完成时 will/shall have done
Soon the astronauts will have repaired the telescope.
将来完成进行时 will/shall have been doing
By Friday midday, they will have been working on it for seven days.
By next Sunday, they will have finished all the preparation.
They will have been preparing for a month.
不规则变化的动词：
grab grabbed grabbed grabbing
Lesson 62 After the fire
单词讲解
课文语法讲解：过去完成时;过去完成进行时知识拓展：复习表示过去的时态
单词讲解
control n. 控 制
get sth. under control
be under control
lose control
be out of control control v. 控 制
control one’s emotion
control the budget
He _controls a large business company.
check v.检查
A mechanic _checked_ my car engine yesterday.
threaten v. 威 胁
threaten A with B 用 B 来 威 胁 A threaten the village with destruction
threaten to do sth.
The U.S.A. threatened to break off diplomatic relations.
authority n.（常用复数）当局
the forest authorities
the French authorities
quantity n. 量
a huge/large / small quantity of sth.
do sth. in huge/large / small quantities
root n. 根
take root
Money is a root of all evils.
patch n. 小 片
a patch of …
patches of …
blacken v. 变黑，发暗
the blackened soil
课文语法讲解: 过去完成时；过去完成进行时
Key structure:
过去完成时
过去完成进行时过去完成时
形式： had done
用法：过去的之前 强调事情完成的结果过去完成进行时
形式： had been doing
用法：过去的之前 强调事情进行的过程
两种时态 过去完成时 had done 过去完成进行时 had been doing
角度相同 都表示“过去的之前”
强调不同 强调完成的结果 （做完与否都可以） 强调持续进行的过程
例句 Firemen had put out the fire. Firemen had been fighting the fire for three weeks.
Firemen had been fighting the forest for nearly three weeks before they could
get it under control.
A short time before, great trees had covered (cover) the countryside for miles
around.
A short time before, great trees had covered the countryside for miles around.
great vs. big
Now, smoke still rose up from the warm ground over the desolate hills.
Winter was coming on
and the hills threatened the surrounding villages with destruction,
for heavy rain would not only wash away the soil but would cause serious floods
as well.
When the fire had at last been put out,
the forest authorities ordered several tons of a special type of grass-seed
which would grow quickly.
The seed was sprayed over the ground in huge quantities by aeroplanes.
The planes had been planting (plant) seed for nearly a month when it began to
rain.
By then, however, in many places the grass had already taken (take) root.
In place of the great trees which had been growing (grow) there for centuries,
patches of green had begun (begin) to appear in the blackened soil.
In place of the great trees which had been growing there for centuries, patches
of green had begun to appear in the blackened soil. soil vs. ground
Key structure:
过去完成时
过去完成进行时
知识拓展：复习表示过去的时态
一般过去时 did
过去进行时 was/were doing
过去将来时 would do
过去完成时 had done
过去完成进行时 had been doing
Firemen had been fighting the forest for nearly three weeks...
A short time before, great trees had covered the countryside...
Now, smoke still rose up from the warm...
Winter was coming on and the hills threatened the surrounding villages
with destruction, for heavy rain would not only wash away the soil but would
cause serious floods as well.
一般过去时 did
过去进行时 was/were doing 进行
过去将来时 would do 之后
过去完成时 had done 之前+结果
过去完成进行时 had been doing 之前+过程不规则变化的动词：
fight fought fought
Lesson 63 She was not amused
单词讲解
课文语法讲解： 复习课
知识拓展： 直接引语变间接引语
单词讲解
circle n. 圈 子
draw a circle
have a large circle of friends
admire v. 赞美，钦佩
admire sb. for sth.
We admire him for his knowledge.
close /s/ adj. 亲密的，近的
Our home is close to the school.
get close to …
the/your/Jeremy’s closest friends
/z/ v. 关闭 close the door
sort n. 种 类
this sort of thing/things/people
this kind of …
sort of / kind of … （口语）稍微，有点
课文语法讲解: 复习课
Key structure:
复习课
直接引语变间接引语
Jeremy Hampden has a large circle of friends and is very popular at parties.
Everybody admires him for his great sense of humour -- everybody, that is,
except his six-year-old daughter, Jenny.
Recently, one of Jeremy's closest friends asked him to make a speech at a
wedding reception.
This is the sort of thing that Jeremy loves.
n. + that 从 句
定语从句 or 同位语从句？
We have no idea that the boss has been back.
It is the most interesting movie that I have ever seen.
He prepared the speech carefully and went to the wedding with Jenny.
He had included a large number of funny stories in the speech and, of course,
it was a great success.
As soon as he had finished, Jenny told him she wanted to go home.
Jeremy was a little disappointed by this but he did as his daughter asked.
as + 句子，“按照…方式”，引导方式状语从句
When in Rome, do as Romans do. Do it as I told you last week.
On the way home, he asked Jenny if she had enjoyed the speech.
To his surprise, she said she hadn't.
Jeremy asked her why this was so and she told him that she did not like to see so many people laughing at him!
Jeremy asked her why this was so
and she told him that she did not like to see so many people laughing at him!
Jeremy asked her why this was so
and she told him that she did not like to see so many people laughing at
him!
知识拓展：直接引语变间接引语
He says, ‘I am a fool.’ 直接引语
变
He says (that) he is a fool. 间接引语
直接引语 变 间接引语（宾语从句） ‘Come with me,’ he suggested.
He suggested that I should go with him.
直接引语 变 间接引语
‘Open the door for me please,’ she said to me. She asked me to open the door for her.
‘Don’t make so much noise,’ she said to the children.
She asked/told them not to make so much noise.
Lesson 64 The Channel Tunnel
单词讲解
课文语法讲解：if 条件句；宾语从句的虚拟知识拓展：if 虚拟条件句（假设将来）
单词讲解
ventilate v. 通 风
well-ventilated adj. 通风良好的
ventilation n. 通 风
invasion n. 入侵，侵略
This is the invasion of my privacy.
invade v. 入侵，侵略，侵袭
Hitler invaded Poland on September 1, 1939.
connect v. 连 接
connect … to / with …
The bridge connected this small town to the big city.
connection n.
European adj. 欧洲的，欧洲人的 n. 欧洲人 （注意重音在后）
European continent 欧洲大陆
European Union 欧盟
Europe n. 欧洲 注意重音在前)
euro n. 欧 元
课文语法讲解: if 条件句；宾语从句的虚拟
Key structure:
if 真实条件句（假设过去）
if 虚拟条件句（假设过去）
宾语从句的虚拟
In 1858, a French engineer, Aime Thome de Gamond, arrived in England with
a plan for a twenty-one-mile tunnel under the English Channel.
He said that it would be possible to build a platform in the centre of the Channel.
He said
that it would be possible to build a platform in the centre of the Channel.
This platform would serve as a port and a railway station.
The tunnel would be well-ventilated if tall chimneys were built above sea level.
The tunnel would be well-ventilated
if tall chimneys were built above sea level.
if 条件状语从句（真实条件句）
IF 从句 主句
假设过去 过去的各种时态 过去将来时
假设现在 现在的各种时态 一般将来时
假设将来 一般现在时（替代将来） 一般将来时
In 1860, a better plan was put forward by an Englishman, William Low.
put forward 提前，提出
put forward a plan/proposal put forward some new ideas
He suggested that a double railway-tunnel should be built.
suggest 表示“建议”，其后宾语从句要虚拟从句中谓语动词 = （should）+ 动词原形
表示“建议／命令／要求”的动词后， 宾语从句要虚拟：
suggest, advise, propose, recommend ／order／ask, demand, insist, request …
宾语从句的虚拟：
The engineers proposed that they (should) look (look) at the design again.
The professor recommended we (should) look (look) for the imformation in the
library.
The teacher always suggests the students (should) go (go) over the text before
the text.
The workers demanded they (should) be given the wages they should get.
This would solve the problem of ventilation, for if a train entered this tunnel, it
would draw in fresh air behind it.
This would solve the problem of ventilation, for if a train entered this tunnel, it
would draw in fresh air behind it.
Forty-two years later a tunnel was actually begun.
If, at the time, the British had not feared (fear) invasion, it would have been
completed (complete).
如果不是因为那时英国人害怕入侵，隧道早已建成了。
if 虚拟条件句假设过去
If 虚拟条件句 假设现在
If 虚拟条件句 假设过去
Years ago if someone had turned round to me and said “in two years you’ll
be England captain”, I would have turned round and said, “I don’t think so!”
真实：
I didn’t tell her the result. She didn’t know it. 虚拟：
If I had told her the result, she would have known it.
真实：
He was not a student, so he couldn’t attend the lecture. 虚拟：
If he had been a student, he could have attended the lecture.
真实：
We were late, so we missed the appointment.
虚拟：
If we had not been late, we would not have missed the appointment.
If, at the time, the British had feared invasion, it would have completed.
If, at the time, the British had not feared invasion, it would have been completed.
如果不是因为那时英国人害怕入侵，隧道早已建成了。
if 虚拟条件句（假设过去）
The world had to wait almost another 100 years for the Channel Tunnel.
It was officially opened on March 7, 1994, finally connecting Britain to the European continent.
03. 知识拓展：if 虚拟条件句（假设将来）
If 虚拟条件句 假设将来
if 虚拟条件句（假设将来）
If I had/were to have/should have time tomorrow, I would discuss the new plan
with you.
If I lived/were to live/should live my life over again, I would have you as my wife.
if 条件状语从句
-真实
-虚拟
Key structure:
if 真实条件句（假设过去）
if 虚拟条件句（假设过去）
宾语从句的虚拟
Lesson 65 Jumbo versus the police
单词讲解
课文语法讲解：复习 must/have to；情态动词的虚拟；复习非谓语动词知识拓展：短语动词 let
单词讲解
versus prep. 对
A vs. B
Christmas n. 圣诞节
Merry Christmas !
Christmas Eve
ought modal verb. 应 该
ought to do sth.
= should do sth.
weigh v. 重
Jumbo must weigh a few tons…
weight n. 体重，重量，重物
fortunate adj. 幸运的
fortunately adv. 幸运地
unfortunate adj. 不幸运的
unfortunately adv. 不幸运地
fortune n. 运气，命运
课文语法讲解: 复习 must/have to；情态动词的虚拟；复习非谓语动词
Key structure:
复习 must / have to
情态动词的虚拟
should / ought to + have done
复习非谓语动词
Last Christmas, the circus owner, Jimmy Gates, decided to take some presents to a children's hospital.
(dress) up as Father Christmas and (accompany) by a 'guard of honour' of six pretty girls, he set off down the main street of the city
(ride) a baby elephant (call) Jumbo.
Dressed (dress) up as Father Christmas and accompanied (accompany) by a
'guard of honour' of six pretty girls, he set off down the main street of the city riding (ride) a baby elephant called (call) Jumbo.
He should have known that the police would never allow this sort of thing.
He should have known that the police would never allow this sort of thing.
should do
现在应该做，可以真的去做 真实表达！
should have done
过去应该做
过去本来应该做,但实际上没做 虚拟表达！
should do = ought to do
现在应该做，可以真的去做 真实表达！
should have done = ought to have done
过去本来应该做,但实际上没做 虚拟表达！
He should have known that the police would never allow this sort of thing.
A policeman approached Jimmy and told him he ought to have gone along a
side street as Jumbo was holding up the traffic.
A policeman approached Jimmy and told him he ought to have gone along a
side street as Jumbo was holding up the traffic.
A policeman approached Jimmy and told him he ought to have gone along a side street as Jumbo was holding up the traffic.
A policeman approached Jimmy
and told him he ought to have gone along a side street
as Jumbo was holding up the traffic.
Though Jimmy agreed to go at once, Jumbo refused to move.
Though Jimmy agreed to go at once, Jumbo refused to move.
Fifteen policemen had to push very hard to get him off the main street.
The police had a difficult time, but they were most amused.
'Jumbo must weigh a few tons,' said a policeman afterwards, 'so it was fortunate
that we didn't have to carry him.
'Jumbo must weigh a few tons,' said a policeman afterwards, 'so it was fortunate
that we didn't have to carry him.
Of course, we should arrest him, but as he has a good record, we shall let him
off this time.'
Of course, we should arrest him, but as he has a good record, we shall let him
off this time.'
should do = ought to do
现在应该做，可以真的去做 真实表达！
should have done = ought to have done
过去本来应该做,但实际上没做 虚拟表达！
练习：
请填入“应该做某事”，选择合适的真实或虚拟表达：
He (come) at 4 o’clock if the plane arrives on time.
She (come) to see me yesterday, but she forgot.
参考答案：
He should/ought to come at 4 o’clock if the plane arrives on time.
She should/ought to have come to see me yesterday, but she forgot.
Key structure:
复习 must / have to
情态动词的虚拟
should / ought to + have done
复习非谓语动词
03. 知识拓展：短语动词 let
短语动词 let
As he has a good record, we shall let him off this time.
I expected him to help me, but he let me down.
If anyone knocks at the door when I am out, don’t let him in.
Who let the dog out
不规则变化的动词：
ride rode ridden riding
Lesson 66 Sweet as honey!
单词讲解
课文语法讲解：have 使役动词
知识拓展：使役动词的用法（have sth. done）
单词讲解
bomber n. 轰炸机
bomb n. 炸弹 v. 轰 炸
remote adj. 偏僻的，遥远的 a remote place
n. 遥控器
rediscover v. 重新发现
repeat v. 重 复retell v. 复 述rebuild v. 重 建
restore v. 修复，恢复，把……放回
rescue
v. 营 救
n. 营救，救援
rescue operations 营救行动
package
v. 把……打包
n. 包裹 a small package of cigars pack v. 包裹，打包
a packing case
preserve v. 保 护
prepare v. 做准备
preview v. 预演，预告
precaution n. 预防措施
课文语法讲解: have 使役动词
Key structure:
have 使役动词
have sth. done
as sweet as honey as busy as bees as sticky as glue
In 1963 a Lancaster bomber crashed on Wallis Island, a remote place in the
South Pacific, a long way west of Samoa.
同位语
The plane wasn't too badly damaged, but over the years, the crash was forgotten and the wreck remained undisturbed.
undisturbed adj. 不受打扰的
disturb v. 打 扰
Do not disturb. 请勿打扰
In 1963 a Lancaster bomber crashed on Wallis Island, a remote place in the
South Pacific, a long way west of Samoa.
The plane wasn't too badly damaged, but over the years, the crash was
forgotten and the wreck remained undisturbed.
Then in 1989, twenty-six years after the crash, the plane was accidentally
rediscovered in an aerial survey of the island.
By this time, a Lancaster bomber in reasonable condition was rare and worth
rescuing.
in reasonable/good/perfect condition in bad/terrible condition
By this time, a Lancaster bomber in reasonable condition was rare and worth rescuing.
be worth doing
These books are worth reading. The idea is worth considering.
Whatever is worth doing is worth doing well.
The French authorities had the plane packaged and moved in parts back to
France.
have 使役动词
have sth. done 使某事被做比较：do / have sth. done
I wash my car.
I have my car washed.
回顾 58 课的句子：
The vicar has been asked to have the tree cut down…
The French authorities had the plane packaged and moved in parts back to
France.
The French authorities had the plane packaged and moved in parts back to
France.
The French authorities had the plane packaged and (the French authorities had
the plane) moved in parts back to France.
Now a group of enthusiasts are going to have the plane restored.
It has four Rolls-Royce Merlin engines, but the group will need to have only
three of them rebuilt.
Imagine their surprise and delight when they broke open the packing cases and
found that the fourth engine was sweet as honey — still in perfect condition.
Imagine their surprise and delight
when they broke open the packing cases
and found that the fourth engine was sweet as honey — still in perfect
condition.
A colony of bees had turned the engine into a hive and it was totally preserved
in beeswax!
Key structure:
have 使役动词
have sth. done
03. 知识拓展：使役动词的用法（have sth. done）
Key structure:
have 使役动词
have sth. done
Examples:
The French authorities had the plane packaged and moved in parts back to
France.
Now a group of enthusiasts are going to have the plane restored.
It has four Rolls-Royce Merlin engines, but the group will need to have only
three of them rebuilt.
have sth. done
She asked somebody to value her house.
She had her house valued.
He will ask somebody to paint the house for him.
He will have the house painted.
I must ask someone to photocopy this letter.
I must have this letter photocopied.
Sally will have to ask someone to repair her car.
Sally will have to have her car repaired.
不规则变化的动词：
rebuild rebuilt rebuilt
Lesson 67 Volcanoes
单词讲解
课文语法讲解：复习 can/be able to; managed to do
知识拓展：区分 say 和 tell
单词讲解
volcano n. 火 山
active volcanoes 活火山
inactive/dormant volcanoes 休眠火山
extinct volcanoes 死火山
violently adv. 猛烈地，剧烈地
The volcano was erupting violently.
violent adj. 猛烈的，剧烈的
violence n. 暴 力
liquid adj. 液态的
solid 固
gas 气
escape v. 逃 脱
The prisoner attempted to escape but failed.
Their conversation did not escape my notice.
We all want to escape from the reality sometimes.
课文语法讲解:复习 can/ be able to; managed to do
Key structure:
复习 can / be able to
managed to do
Haroun Tazieff, the Polish scientist, has spent his lifetime studying active
volcanoes and deep caves in all parts of the world.
Haroun Tazieff, the Polish scientist, has spent his lifetime studying active
volcanoes and deep caves in all parts of the world.
spend time (in) doing sth.
Haroun Tazieff, the Polish scientist, has spent his lifetime studying active
volcanoes and deep caves in all parts of the world.
In 1948, he went to Lake Kivu in the Congo to observe a new volcano which he
later named Kituro.
Tazieff was able to set up his camp very close to the volcano while it was
erupting violently.
can / be able to
相同点：
都表示能力，“能够”
（be able to 时态比 can/could 更灵活） 不同点：
表示过去已经成功做到的，用 was/were able to，不用 could can/could 还可以表示猜测，允许
Tazieff was able to set up his camp very close to the volcano while it was
erupting violently.
Though he managed to take a number of brilliant photographs, he could not
stay near the volcano for very long. managed to do = was/were able to do
Though he managed to take a number of brilliant photographs, he could not stay near the volcano for very long.
was not able to stay did not manage to stay
He noticed that a river of liquid rock was coming towards him.
He noticed that a river of liquid rock was coming towards him.
It threatened to surround him completely, but Tazieff managed to escape just
in time.
He waited until the volcano became quiet and he was able to return two days
later.
This time, he managed to climb into the mouth of Kituro so that he could take
photographs and measure temperatures.
Tazieff has often risked his life in this way.
He has been able to tell us more about active volcanoes than any man alive.
Key structure:
复习 can / be able to
managed to do
03. 知识拓展：区分 say 和 tell
say:
say something / anything / nothing
say so / no more
say goodbye / a good word say+说话的内容/ say to sb.
tell:
tell us a story tell you a secret
tell the truth / lies
tell the difference / the time 分别，辨别练习：
If you say so, I suppose it’s true.
I don’t think you would tell me a lie.
He is only five, but he can already tell the time.
If you could say a good word for him, he might get the job.
Lesson 68 Persistent
单词讲解
课文语法讲解：非谓语动词 doing
知识拓展：反意疑问句
单词讲解
persistent adj. 坚持的，固执的; 持续不断的，重复出现的
persistent efforts
persistent conflicts
a persistent smell
persistence n. 坚持不懈，固执，持续存在
persist v.坚持，固执，持续存在
persist in…
The minority of drivers persist in drinking.
insist v. 坚持做，坚持认为，坚决要求
insist on…
He always insists on coming with you.
区分 insist 和 persist：
insist v. 坚持做，坚持认为，坚决要求
insist on…
persist v.坚持，固执，持续存在
persist in…
avoid v. 避开，避免
avoid + n. / doing sth.
Try to avoid accidents while you are driving.
No one can avoid making mistakes, but we should avoid making the same
mistakes.
课文语法讲解: 非谓语动词 doing
Key structure:
非谓语动词doing
相当于名词用——动名词
修饰名词或句子，表示主动/正在进行——现在分词
doing 动名词
作主语
Fishing is my favourite sport.
介词后，作宾语
I often fish for hours without catching anything.
作主语
介词后，作宾语
有些动词后，作宾语
修饰名词或句子，表示主动/正在进行——现在分词
Passing planes can be heard night and day. L21
Looking round, I realized that I was the only passenger. L50
I crossed the street to avoid meeting him, but he saw me and came running
towards me.
It was no use pretending that I had not seen him, so I waved to him.
I never enjoy meeting Nigel Dykes.
He never has anything to do.
No matter how busy you are, he always insists on coming with you.
no matter how = however 无论怎样引出让步状语从句
无论你是在哪里， No matter where you are, = Wherever you are,
无论你在做什么， no matter what you do, = whatever you do,
我都会在这里等你。I will be right here waiting for you.
No matter how busy you are, he always insists on coming with you.
I had to think of a way of preventing him from following me around all morning.
had to do sth.
think of… a way of…
I had to think of a way of preventing him from following me around all morning.
prevent sb. from doing sth. follow sb. Around
I had to think of a way of preventing him from following me around all morning.
I had to think of a way of preventing him from following me around all morning.
'Hello, Nigel,' I said. 'Fancy meeting you here!'
'Hi, Elizabeth,' Nigel answered. 'I was just wondering how to spend the morning
— until I saw you.
You're not busy doing anything, are you '
be busy (in) doing sth.
You're not busy doing anything, are you ’
'No, not at all,' I answered. 'I'm going to...'
'Would you mind my coming with you ' he asked, before I had finished
speaking.
Would you mind coming
Would you mind my coming
doing 动名词的逻辑主语
他们坚持周日之前完成报告。
They insist on finishing the report before Sunday.
他们坚持她周之日前完成报告。
They insist on her finishing the report before Sunday.
doing 动名词的逻辑主语
来晚了使我很紧张。
Coming late made me nervous.
他来晚了使老师很生气。
His Coming late made the teacher angry.
doing 动名词的逻辑主语
'Would you mind my coming with you ' he asked, before I had finished speaking.
'Not at all,' I lied, 'but I'm going to the dentist.'
'Then I'll come with you,' he answered. 'There's always plenty to read in the
waiting room!
名词（doing 动名词）+名词表示功能用途
a sleeping bag L27
a swimming pool L37
a packing case L66
a fishing boat L82
总结：
非谓语动词doing
相当于名词用——动名词（动名词的逻辑主语） 作主语/宾语
修饰名词/句子，表示主动/正在进行——现在分词作定语/状语
03. 知识拓展：反意疑问句
You're not busy doing anything, are you
反意疑问句
构成？
特点？
写法？
反意疑问句 写法（把前半句先相反，再疑问） 练习：
He plays basketball well,
He finished his work,
You can’t understand me,
He hasn’t left the office, 参考答案：
He plays basketball well, doesn’t he
He finished his work, didn’t he
You can’t understand me, can you
He hasn’t left the office, has he
反意疑问句 回答
You don’t love me, do you
-是的，我不爱。 No, I don’t.
-不是的，我爱。 Yes, I do.
总结：
反意疑问句
构成？
特点？
写法？
回答？
Lesson 69 But not murder
单词讲解
课文语法讲解：复习被动语态; 非谓语动词的变体：having been done
知识拓展：表示被动---be done 作谓语，被动语态；done 不作谓语，非谓语动词
单词讲解
instruct v. 命令，指示instruct sb to do sth. instruction n. 指导，说明
follow the instruction
suppose v. 假 设
Let us suppose that …
be supposed to do
You are supposed to tell me what to do.
课文&语法讲解: 复习被动语态; 非谓语动词的变体：having been done
Key structure
复习被动语态
非谓语动词的变体：having been done
I was being tested for a driving licence for the third time.
I was being tested for a driving licence for the third time.
I was being tested for a driving licence for the third time.
I had been asked to drive in heavy traffic and had done so successfully.
I had been asked to drive in heavy traffic and had done so successfully.
I had been asked to drive in heavy traffic and had done so successfully.
状语从句的省略
After I had been instructed to drive out of town, I began to acquire
confidence.
After having been instructed to drive out of town, I began to acquire
confidence.
having been done 非谓语动词表示被动，发生在先
having been done 练习：
, he still repeated the same mistake.
已经被告诉了很多次，他还是犯相同的错误。
Having been told many times having been done 练习：
, people will rush to buy new products.
被广告影响之后，人们就会冲去买新产品。
Having been influenced by the advertisements
Sure that I had passed, I was almost beginning to enjoy my test.
The examiner must have been pleased with my performance, for he smiled
and said, 'Just one more thing, Mr. Eames.
The examiner must have been pleased with my performance, for he smiled
and said, 'Just one more thing, Mr. Eames.
The examiner must have been pleased with my performance, for he smiled
and said, 'Just one more thing, Mr. Eames.
Let us suppose that a child suddenly crosses the road in front of you.
Let us suppose that a child suddenly crosses the road in front of you.
As soon as I tap on the window, you must stop within five feet.'
As soon as I tap on the window, you must stop within five feet.'
I continued driving and after some time, the examiner tapped loudly.
Though the sound could be heard clearly, it took me a long time to react.
Though the sound could be heard clearly, it took me a long time to react.
Though the sound could be heard clearly, it took me a long time to react.
I suddenly pressed the brake pedal and we were both thrown forward.
I suddenly pressed the brake pedal and we were both thrown forward.
The examiner looked at me sadly. 'Mr. Eames,' he said, in a mournful voice, 'you have just killed that child!'
The examiner looked at me sadly. 'Mr. Eames,' he said, in a mournful voice,
'you have just killed that child!' Key structure
复习被动语态
非谓语动词的变体：having been done
知识拓展: 表示被动---be done 作谓语，被动语态；
done 不作谓语，非谓语动词
表示被动：
was thrown / thrown
The bottle into the sea.
The bottle into the sea is found.
非谓语动词 表示被动
Beaten by a girl, the boy cried.
Having been beaten by a girl, the boy cried.
Being beaten by a girl, the boy cried.
非谓语动词 表示被动
done
having been done
being done
非谓语动词 vs. 谓语动词 时间关系？
Having been beaten by a girl, the boy cried.
Having been beaten by a girl, the boy is crying.
不规则变化的动词：
tap tapped tapped tapping
Lesson 70 Red for danger
单词讲解
课文语法讲解：形容词与介词搭配的词组知识拓展：形容词与介词搭配的词组
单词讲解
wander v. 溜达，乱走
wonder v. 感到奇怪，想知道
unaware adj. 不知道的，未觉察的
be unaware of …
The drunk was unaware of the danger.
aware adj. 觉察到的，意识到的
be aware of …
sensitive adj. 敏感的
sensitive skin
a sensitive question / issue sensitive adj. 敏感的
be sensitive to …
Young people are sometimes too sensitive to criticism.
charge v. 冲上去，收费，指控，充电
Suddenly a dog barked and charged at the stranger.
How much do you charge for the service
The police charged him with murder.
The battery is charging.
课文语法讲解：形容词与介词搭配的词组
Key Structure
形容词与介词搭配的词组
During a bullfight, a drunk suddenly wandered into the middle of the ring.
During a bullfight, a drunk suddenly wandered into the middle of the ring.
The crowd began to shout, but the drunk was unaware of the danger.
The crowd began to shout, but the drunk was unaware of the danger.
The bull was busy with the matador at the time, but it suddenly caught sight of the drunk who was shouting rude remarks and waving a red cap.
The bull was busy with the matador at the time, but it suddenly caught sight
of the drunk who was shouting rude remarks and waving a red cap.
The bull was busy with the matador at the time, but it suddenly caught
sight of the drunk who was shouting rude remarks and waving a red cap.
The bull was busy with the matador at the time, but it suddenly caught
sight of the drunk who was shouting rude remarks and waving a red cap.
Apparently sensitive to criticism, the bull forgot all about the matador and charged at the drunk.
Apparently sensitive to criticism, the bull forgot all about the matador and
charged at the drunk.
Apparently sensitive to criticism, the bull forgot all about the matador and
charged at the drunk.
The crowd suddenly grew quiet.
“变得”
get become turn go grow
The drunk, however, seemed quite sure of himself.
When the bull got close to him, he clumsily stepped aside to let it pass.
The crowd broke into cheers and the drunk bowed.
By this time, however, three men had come into the ring and they quickly
dragged the drunk to safety.
Even the bull seemed to feel sorry for him, for it looked on sympathetically
unti

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