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中考英语语法简单学：现在完成时精讲&专项练习
一、内容纲要
二、内容简述
（一）构成方式
该时态下，动词的形式是：have/has done。其中，have/has为助动词，done为动词的过去分词。此时，助动词has的主语为第三人称单数，其他情况下的主语时用have。其否定表达为have not（haven't）或has not（hasn't）。（二）基本用法通常用于描述过去发生的事情对现在造成的影响或结果。此时，过去发生的事情有可能到现在已经结束，也有可能持续到现在还在进行，甚至还会继续进行下去。如：
I have already seen the film.我已经看过这部电影了。【注】此时，看电影的动作到现在已经结束了。
再比如：
He has learned English for five years.他已经学了五年英语了。【注】此时，学英语的动作持续到现在还在进行，甚至有可能会继续进行下去。
（三）标志词
常见的标志词有：
1、already/just/never/ever/yet。其中，already一般不用于否定句。如：
They have already finished their work.
他们早就完成工作了。
She has just arrived in Beijing.
她刚到北京。
We have not read the novel yet.
我们还没有看过那部小说。
2、for+时间段或since+时间点或从句（谓语动词用过去式）。如：
The man has lived here for ten years.
那个人在这儿住了十年了。
The man has lived here since ten years ago.
那个人十年前就已经住在这儿了。
The man has lived here since he got married.
那个人结婚后就住在这儿了。
3、so far或up to/till now，表示“迄今为止；到现在为止”。如：
Nothing wrong has ever happened so far.
迄今为止，一切正常。
My father has planted twenty trees in the garden up to now.
到现在为止，我爸爸已经在花园里种了20棵树了。
4、lately/recently等副词，表“最近”。如：
Great changes have taken place in our hometown recently.
最近我们家乡发生了很大的变化。
5、次数。如：
I have been to Paris ten times.
我已经去过巴黎十次了。
6、 in the past/last+时间段，表示“在过去的多少时间以来”。如：
The girl has won five first prizes in different English competitions in the past two years.
那个女孩过去两年以来已经在不同的英语比赛中获得了五次一等奖。
（四）动词的过去分词
其规则变化与动词的过去式相同，都是在动词词尾加-ed。如：
1、直接+ed，如：worked, played。
2、以不发音的e结尾的，+d，如：lived, danced。
3、以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，改y为i，再+ed，如：cried, studied。
4、以重读闭音节结尾的，双写最后一个辅音字母，再+ed，如：stopped, patted。
其不规则的情况主要有以下五种，如：
1、AAA型，如：put-put-put, read-read-read。
2、AAB型，如：beat-beat-beaten。
3、ABA型，如：run-ran-run, come-came-come。
4、ABB型，如：shoot-shot-shot, make-made-made。
5、ABC型，如：swim-swam-swum, take-took-taken。
（五）句型变化
原句：I have already had some coffee over lunch.
否定句：I have not had any coffee over lunch
一般疑问句及其回答：
- Have you already had any coffee over lunch
- Yes, I have.
- No, I haven't.
划线部分提问：
What have you already had over lunch
（六）特殊情况
1、have been to（去过已回）与have gone to（去了未回）。如：
Our parents have been to the Great Wall many times.
我们父母去过长城很多次。
Our parents have just gone to the Great Wall.
我们父母刚去长城了。
2、持续动词和瞬间动词。两种动词都可以用于现在完成时，但如果是瞬间动词，不能与时间段连用。如：
【正确】He has died.（他已经去世了。）
【错误】He has died for ten years.（他已经去世十年了。）
【正确】He has been dead for ten years.（他已经去世十年了。）
专项练习
一、根据汉语意义或首字母提示，写出正确单词。
1. I haven’t ________ (收到…来信) from Sally before.
2. I’m very hungry . I haven’t e_______ anything since 7:00 this morning.
3. Bob and Jim have been good friends_______(自从)they joined the same tennis team.
二、用所给单词的正确形式填空
1.The writer is so popular that he _______ (sell) more than 200,000 books so far.
2.--- I ____ (have a fever) since last night.
---You’d better go to see a doctor.
3.So far, the couple ___________ (not change) their flat since they had a second child.
4.Jim has never ________(be) to Mount Tai in China.
5. Sandy borrowed the novel from the library last week and ________(keep) it for 5 days.
6.Cathy and Linda ( not be) back to their hometown for two years.
7.----Can you go walking in the park with me, Daisy
----Sure. I (finish) my DIY project.
三、单项选择
1.Melting ice (融冰) can cause sea levels to rise. Since 1993, sea levels _________at a speed of 3.2 cm every 10 years.
A. rose
B. have risen
C. rise
2.—It s ten years since we came here
—How time flies! We ____ in China for so long.
A. work
B. worked
C. will work
D. have worked
3.---Have you ever been to Shanghai
---Of course. Actually, I _________there for six years but now I live in Taizhou.
A. worked
B. was working
C. would work
D. have worked
4.I ate some fruit, which I ______ since I was a child, and the vegetables from my garden.
A. have enjoyed
B. enjoyed
C. enjoy
D.had enjoyed
5.---- Where is Mr. Green
---- He ___________ the bookshop. You have to wait for him.
A. was going to
B. has gone to
C. has been to
6.My father ____ in a panda protection center for 10 years, so he knows a lot about panda.
A. was working
B. is working
C. has worked
D. will work
7..---- Why won’t we play basketball with Class 4 this afternoon
---Because they ___________ Longzhong for a study trip.
A. have gone to
B. have been to
C. had gone to
D. had been to
8.—Your new bike is so nice! When did you buy it
—In July. I _____it for two weeks.
A.had
B. have had
C. have bought
D. bought
9. ---Where are the teachers now
--- In the meeting room. They _________ the meeting for 10 minutes.
A. have begun
B. have been on
C. have had
D. have been held
10.---Where is Catherine I haven t seen her for days.
---She Wuhan. She’ll be back next week.
A. has gone to
B. has been to
C. have gone to
D. have been to
11.I ______ abroad for several years, but I have never regretted my final decision to move back to my motherland.
A．am living
B．lived
C．have lived
12.---Linda has ______ to Paris. How can I get in touch with her
---Don’t worry. She will call you as soon as she ______ there.
A. been；will get
B. been；gets
C. gone；will get
D. gone；gets
13.---Your new watch is so nice! When did you buy it
--- In October. I it for two months.
A. had
B. bought
C. have had
D. have bought
14.---Look! My mother _____ a new dress for me.
----Wow, it looks very nice on you.
A.is making
B.has made
C.will make
15.The shop in Wanda Square _____ for six years, but I _____ there so far.
A.has opened; haven’t gone
B.has been open; haven’t been
C.has been open; haven’t gone
D.has been opened; haven’t been
16.---Have you ever _____ the Terracotta Army in Xi’an
----Yes. I went there last year.
A.gone to
B.been to
C.been in
17.Our school life ______ a lot since 2017. We have more activities now.
A. changes
B. changed
C. will change
D. has changed
18.----What progress Huawei _____ in recent years!
----No wonder it is widely known in all parts of the world.
A.is making
B.has made
C. makes
D. made
19.---How many letters _____ you to your mother
--- 109 in all, since 2016.
A. has, written
B. have, written
C. did, write
D. are, writing
20.---_____ you ever ______ Hong Kong --Zhuhai ____Macao Bridge
---Not yet.
A.Did; visit
B.Are; visit
C.Have , visited
21.---Hi, Tom! _____ you ever ____ the Bird’s Nest
----Yes, I have. It’s fantastic.
A.Have, been to
B.Have, gone to
C. Did, go to
22.（As an exchange student, Alan_____ Qiqihar for one and a half years.
A.has been to
B.has been in
C.has gone to
23.---How long have you__________ your cap It looks cool.
---About two weeks.
A. borrowed
B. bought
C. had
24.Today, all the erhu masters play and praise Erquan Yingyue. It ____ one of China’s national treasure.
A.becomes
B.became
C.has become
25.----How many letters _____ you _____ to your mother
----109in all, since 2016
A.has, written
B.have; written
C.did; write
D.are ; writing
四、完成句子
1.China has been able to make big planes like C919 with scientists’ great effects.
______ China ______ able to make big planes like C919 with scientists’ great effects
布朗(Brown) 一家人已经在上海生活10年了。
__________________________________________
3.《复仇者联盟4》已经上映两个月了。
Avengers:Endgame for two months.
4.他们已经采取行动挽救野生动物了吗？
Have they _____ to save wild animals yet

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