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(共20张PPT)
宾语从句
初中英语语法
宾语从句，在复合句中起宾语作用的从句
一、宾语从句
1、宾语从句可分为：
① 从属连词 that 引导的宾语从句
② 从属连词 whether 和 if 引导的宾语从句
③ 连接代词引导的宾语从句
（ what / who / which 等）
④ 连接副词引导的宾语从句
（when / where / how等 ）
宾语从句，在复合句中起宾语作用的从句。
2、宾语从句常考点：
① 宾语从句的引导词
② 宾语从句的语序
③ 宾语从句的时态
④ 宾语从句的否定转移
人称代词是为了避免重复，用来代替前面提到过的人、事物等名词的词，主要包括“你、我、他，她／它、你们、我们、他们／她们／它们”等代词。人称代词有人称、单复数以及格的变化。
1、that引导的宾语从句
由that引导的宾语从句，从属连词that无实际意义，不在从句中充当任何成分。在口语或非正式文体中经常省略。
e.g: ① We know (that) we should study hard.
② Do you think (that)it will rain
但是，在以下情况，that 不能省略。
人称代词是为了避免重复，用来代替前面提到过的人、事物等名词的词，主要包括“你、我、他，她／它、你们、我们、他们／她们／它们”等代词。人称代词有人称、单复数以及格的变化。
1、that引导的宾语从句
that不能省略的情况：
情况 示例
当explain,agree, learn, state, suggest等动词引导宾语从句时 I agree that learning is a lifelong journey.
except 后接的宾语从句不能省略that His article is very good except that there are some unfit sentences.
人称代词是为了避免重复，用来代替前面提到过的人、事物等名词的词，主要包括“你、我、他，她／它、你们、我们、他们／她们／它们”等代词。人称代词有人称、单复数以及格的变化。
1、that引导的宾语从句
that不能省略的情况：
情况 示例
当句中有多个并列宾语从句时，第一个that可省略，其它不可省略 Cindy said (that) the teacher was very nice that all the children liked him.
当that从句中含有其他从句时 Studies show that if you are interested in something, your brain is more active.
人称代词是为了避免重复，用来代替前面提到过的人、事物等名词的词，主要包括“你、我、他，她／它、你们、我们、他们／她们／它们”等代词。人称代词有人称、单复数以及格的变化。
1、that引导的宾语从句
that不能省略的情况：
情况 示例
当宾语从句被形式宾语it代替时 We all consider it important that children should drink milk as they grow.
当宾语从句的主语是this，that，或被this，that修饰时 The teacher said that this lesson was very important.
人称代词是为了避免重复，用来代替前面提到过的人、事物等名词的词，主要包括“你、我、他，她／它、你们、我们、他们／她们／它们”等代词。人称代词有人称、单复数以及格的变化。
1、that引导的宾语从句
that不能省略的情况：
情况 示例
当宾语从句的主语是非谓语动词或者主语从句时 I believe that what he said will make a difference to me.
当主句中的谓语动词是固定词组时 Cindy made up her mind that she would study harder next year.
人称代词是为了避免重复，用来代替前面提到过的人、事物等名词的词，主要包括“你、我、他，她／它、你们、我们、他们／她们／它们”等代词。人称代词有人称、单复数以及格的变化。
1、that引导的宾语从句
that不能省略的情况：
情况 示例
当宾语从句位于句首时 That he will succeed, I believe.
当宾语从句前有插入语时 We hope, if possible, that we can visit the park again.
人称代词是为了避免重复，用来代替前面提到过的人、事物等名词的词，主要包括“你、我、他，她／它、你们、我们、他们／她们／它们”等代词。人称代词有人称、单复数以及格的变化。
2、whether/if 引导的宾语从句
whether/if 引导的宾语从句，可视为“一般疑问句从直接引语变为间接引语”而成。
e.g: I don’t know whether / if he will arrive in time.
e.g: I am wondering whether / if they would believe in me.
（1） whether和if可通用：
① 引导动词后的宾语从句时：
人称代词是为了避免重复，用来代替前面提到过的人、事物等名词的词，主要包括“你、我、他，她／它、你们、我们、他们／她们／它们”等代词。人称代词有人称、单复数以及格的变化。
2、whether/if 引导的宾语从句
① 引导介词的宾语从句时：
e.g: I am thinking of whether we should go shopping.
② 与or not 直接连用时：
e.g：I don’t know whether or not they will come.
③ 宾语从句提前时：
e.g： Whether they will come,I don’t care.
（2）只能用whether的情况：
人称代词是为了避免重复，用来代替前面提到过的人、事物等名词的词，主要包括“你、我、他，她／它、你们、我们、他们／她们／它们”等代词。人称代词有人称、单复数以及格的变化。
3、连接代词引导的宾语从句
连接代词有：what/ who/ whom/ whose/ which等，在从句中充当成分，不可省略。
① 充当主语： Do you know who is our English teacher
② 充当宾语：You must know what you want to get.
③ 充当表语：I don’t know whose the book is.
④ 充当定语：Could you tell me which book is better
根据从句意思选择合适的连接代词
人称代词是为了避免重复，用来代替前面提到过的人、事物等名词的词，主要包括“你、我、他，她／它、你们、我们、他们／她们／它们”等代词。人称代词有人称、单复数以及格的变化。
4、连接副词引导的宾语从句
连接副词有：when/ where/ how/ why等，在从句中作状语，不可省略。
e.g.：Do you know when the Mother’s Day is
Can you tell me how I get to the bookstore
人称代词是为了避免重复，用来代替前面提到过的人、事物等名词的词，主要包括“你、我、他，她／它、你们、我们、他们／她们／它们”等代词。人称代词有人称、单复数以及格的变化。
人称代词是为了避免重复，用来代替前面提到过的人、事物等名词的词，主要包括“你、我、他，她／它、你们、我们、他们／她们／它们”等代词。人称代词有人称、单复数以及格的变化。
二、宾语从句的语序
在宾语从句中，引导词总是位于从句的句首，从句用陈述语序。
考一考：
（1）I am wondering ______ _______ _______ help me.
我在想你能否帮我一下。
（2）He asked me _______ _______ _______ start out the next day.
他问我，我们第二天什么时候出发。
if you could
when we would
人称代词是为了避免重复，用来代替前面提到过的人、事物等名词的词，主要包括“你、我、他，她／它、你们、我们、他们／她们／它们”等代词。人称代词有人称、单复数以及格的变化。
三、宾语从句的时态
① 当主句是过去时态，从句一般用与过去时态有关的时态。
e,g：He asked me how he could get to the bookstore.
When I got to school, I realized that I had left my book at home.
② 若从句表示客观事实或真理，一般不受主句时态影响，仍用一般现在时。
e,g：My mother told me that a friend in need is a friend indeed.
我妈妈告诉我，患难中的朋友才是真朋友。
人称代词是为了避免重复，用来代替前面提到过的人、事物等名词的词，主要包括“你、我、他，她／它、你们、我们、他们／她们／它们”等代词。人称代词有人称、单复数以及格的变化。
四、宾语从句的否定转移
当主句的主语为第一人称，且谓语动词是believe，think，expect，suppose等表示感知的及物动词时，常把对从句的否定转移到主句中。
（1）我认为16岁的孩子不应该被允许驾驶。
I think sixteen-year-olds shouldn't be allowed to drive.
I don't think sixteen-year-olds should be allowed to drive.
（2）我相信他没有说谎。
I believe that he didn't tell lies.
I don't believe that he told lies.
练一练
1.-I wonder______life will be different in the future.
-Maybe we will be able to live on another planet with the development of space technology.
A. when B.how C.what
2.-I wonder______ -Yes, it tastes really nice.
A. who likes cating zongzi
B.where we can buy this kind of zongzi
C.how much we should pay for this kind of zongzi D. if Jiaxing zongzi is delicious
3.-Excuse me, do you know _______ -Yes. Next Friday.
A. when will the volunteers come back B.when the volunteers will come back
C. how will the volunteers come back D. how the volunteers will come back
一、单项选择题。
B
D
B
练一练
4.-Do you know______the new national park
-Yes, I do. To protect wildlife and benefit the local people.
A. why did China set up B.why China set up
C.when did China set up D.when China set up
5.-Could you tell me______
-In Fuzhou University.
A. when your brother will start B. what your brother looks like C. where your brother is studying
6.-Your bicycle is so nice. Could you tell me _____
-Of course. At the shop near my home.
A. where you buy it B. where do you buy it
C. where you bought it D. where did you buy it
B
C
C
练一练
7. You do not win respect by showing____you are, but what you're able to do.
A.where B.who C.how D.when
8. -I don't know_____tomorrow.
-You can ask our teacher right now.
A. if we take the bus there B. when will we leave
C. what will we do D. how we will go there
9.-Excuse me. I wonder _____the plane can land on time
-Wait a minute, plcase. Let me check it out.
A. if B. which C. that
10.-Alice, could you tell me______ London
-Sure. Last Sunday.
A. when Mr Smith left B. when Mr smith will leave
C. when did Mr Smith leave D. when will Mr smith leave
B
D
A
A
练一练
1. She asked me, “ Will you go to the cinema tomorrow ” （改为宾语从句）
She asked me __________ I _______ go to the cinema the next day.
2. My friend asked me, “Do you help your parents with the housework ” （改为同义句）
My friend asked me _________ I _______ my parents with the housework.
二、按要求变化下面句子。
if/ whether would
if/ whether helped

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