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东莞市2023—2024学年第二学期七校联考试题
高二英语
（本试卷共四大题，满分150分。考试用时120分钟）
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分20分）
第一节 听力理解（两段共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
共两小段，每段播放两遍。请根据各段播放内容及其相关小题，在5秒钟内从题中给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
听第1段对话，回答第1～2题。
1. What are the speakers going to do tonight
A. Eat out. B. Go shopping. C. Do sports.
2. What is the probable relationship between the speakers
A. Boss and secretary. B. Husband and wife. C. Hostess and guest.
听第2段对话，回答第3～5题。
3. What did Peter learn from his grandfather
A. How to appreciate art works.
B. How to deal with artists.
C. How to run a museum.
4. What did Peter do in Chicago
A. He served in the army.
B. He studied at a college.
C. He worked in a gallery.
5. Whose works did Peter like best
A. Rembrandt’s. B. Botticelli’s. C. Rubens’.
第二节 听取信息（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
听下面一段独白。请从所听到的内容中获取必要的信息，填入答题卡标号为6~10的空格中。听录音前，你将有10秒钟的阅题时间，录音读两遍。
Information on Time Abroad
Establishment of the Company Founded on 6 7th, 2000, in UK.
Business of the Company Offer overseas volunteer service.
Staff in Service There are 7 full-time workers, who are experienced in fields of community development and education.
Volunteering Opportunities Assist the local teachers with 8 . Volunteer in 9 to promote food sources. Help treat 10 .
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分37.5分）
第一节（共10小题；每小题2.5分，满分25分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
2024 Tour Details
7-Day Tour from London to Edinburgh
A London Guide will show you the city’s famous landmarks like Buckingham Palace, Downing Street and Westminster Abbey. Then, in Edinburgh, you’ll tour the castle and see Scotland’s Crown Jewels. From the historical sights to the beautiful scenery, this guided tour of England and Scotland is a great way to experience everything Britain has to offer.
Starting at： $849
9-Day Tour from Dublin to London
Your guided tour of Ireland and Britain begins in the capital city of Dublin. Enjoy seeing the “Fair City”, including the statue-lined O’Connell Street, Trinity College, and St. Patrick’s Cathedral. Your local guide will show you the famous sights, including the Houses of Parliament, Big Ben, Westminster Abbey and Buckingham Palace. This guided tour of Ireland and Britain is a welcome escape with fewer crowds and lower costs than high-season tours.
Starting at： $ 1069
7-Day Tour from London to Paris
Your guided vacation in London begins with a welcome dinner and a cruise on the Thames River to admire the Tower Bridge and the Houses of Parliament, You’ll spend three nights in London to see the sites of this historic city—from Big Ben to Buckingham Palace, and also St. Paul’s Cathedral. Then you’ll enjoy a 3-night stay in Paris. This includes sightseeing at the Arc de Triomphe, Concorde Square, Champs-Elysees, and a Seine cruise. This guided tour of London and Paris is certain to be enjoyable with fewer crowds in the off-season!
Starting at： $ 1149
11. How much would the 7-day tour from London to Edinburgh cost a couple at least
A. $ 849. B. $ 1149. C. $ 1698. D. $ 2138.
12. Which place can you visit if you take the 9-day tour from Dublin to London
A. Downing Street. B. Trinity College.
C. The Thames River. D. Concorde Square.
13. What do the three tours have in common
A. They cover the same number of sights.
B. They all begin in the capital city of London.
C. They take people the same amount of time.
D. They all include a visit to Buckingham Palace.
B
Humans are born to compete with one another. People compare how many “likes” they have on social media. Billionaires envy multibillionaires. The legendary NASCAR champion Dale Earnhardt once stated, “Second place is just the first loser.”
Although the competitive spirit may be as natural as breathing air, it does not always lead to human prosperity (繁荣，成功). On the contrary, left unmanaged, it can create misery for ourselves and others. Fortunately, there is a formula to solve this problem without unrealistically suggesting that we entirely dispense with our competitive urge: Instead of always going for gold, shoot for the bronze.
To expand on the wisdom of Earnhardt, although second place may be the first loser, third place can be the real winner —— at least when it comes to happiness and longevity (长寿). Recent research suggested that the bronze winners appeared consistently happier on average than the silver medalists. Regarding the life span of all three medalist categories, it was found that the athlete whose best performance was silver lived to 72. Gold medalists beat this by a solid four years, living to 76. But first prize in longevity went to the bronze medalists, who lived to 78.
The study had a handy explanation for this distinction: “Dissatisfactory competition outcomes may badly affect health.” In other words, silver medalists see themselves as the first loser because they only look up to the top step, whereas the bronze winners compare themselves favorably with all the others who never made it onto the podium (领奖台) at all.
One of the problems with most competitions against others is that it tends to lower one’s inner motivation, and thus enjoyment. Decades ago, researchers showed this by asking people to solve puzzles and then measuring the interest they reported. They found the puzzles less rewarding when competing against others rather than against the clock. Simply having a time limit means competing against themselves-which is often more fun. The principle at work here is that trying to improve your own past performance provides a sense not of “winning” but of progress. And the only person to whom you will have to compare yourself is you.
14. What does the underlined words “dispense with” in paragraph 2 probably mean
A. Stick to. B. Depend on. C. Get rid of. D. Take charge of.
15. In which situation will people be most likely to feel good about themselves
A. Treat competitions as all or nothing.
B. Aim to outperform others in competitions.
C. Check out others’ victories on social media.
D. Compare themselves with those less fortunate.
16. What is the best title for the text
A. Always Going for Gold B. The Victory of Coming in Third
C. Finding Satisfaction in Comparison D. Second Place is Just the First Loser
C
A pair of researchers with Leibniz University of Hannover has demonstrated (展示) the means by which robots might be programmed to experience something similar to pain in animals. As part of their demonstration at last week’s IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation held in Stockholm, Johannes Kuehn and Sami Haddaddin showed how pain might be used in robots, by interacting with a BioTac fingertip sensor on the end of a Kuka robotic arm that had been programmed to react differently to differing amounts of pain.
The idea of developing an artificial robot nervous system may seem contrary to all expectations, but Kuehn says doing so is important in the same way that it is good for humans to feel pain. “Pain is a system that protects us,” says Kuchn. “When we avoid the source of pain, it helps us not get hurt.” So when robots can feel and react to pain, they will become smart enough to avoid it. The more dangerous the robot registers the threat to be, the faster it will withdraw and avoid the source of danger. Additionally, Kuehn and Haddadin say humans working alongside robots that feel pain, especially those in heavy machinery, will be protected around them.
They have tested out some of their ideas using a robotic arm with a fingertip sensor that can detect pressure and temperature. It uses a robot-tissue patch (小片) modeled on human skin to decide how much pain should be felt and thus what action to take. For example, if the arm feels light pain, it slowly withdraws until the pain stops, and then returns to its original task; severe pain, meanwhile, causes the arm to go into a kind of lockdown mode until it can get help from a human operator.
Such robots are likely to raise a host of questions, of course, if they become more common. If a robot acts the same way a human does when touching a hot plate, are we to believe it is truly experiencing pain Only time will tell of course, but one thing that is evident, Kuehn and Haddadin’s work could lead to robots that are more human-like than ever.
What do we learn about the robots in the demonstration
A. They have the ability to feel pain.
B. They can learn skills like animals.
C. They can communicate with people.
D. They respond differently to requests.
18. What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about
A. The principle of robots’ avoidance of injuries.
B. The significance of teaching robots to feel pain.
C. The analysis of the artificial robot nervous system.
D. The value of protecting human workers from injury.
19. What can we learn from the example given in paragraph 3
A. The robot is smart enough to carry out different tasks.
B. The robot can hardly work as well as a human operator.
C. The robot can react differently based on degrees of pain.
D. The robot is tolerant of changes of pressure and temperature.
20. What is the author’s attitude toward Kuehn and Haddadin’s study
A. Optimistic. B. Doubtful. C. Unclear. D. Dismissive.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
How to Exercise in a New Way
What should people do when they can’t find the time or desire to do a long workout 21
That means getting healthy with these bite-sized amounts of exercises.
Exercise snacks (“零食式”运动) are a popular and inventive new way for people to stay fit. Instead of requiring hours at the gym, this concept instructs you to keep it short. 22 Then you can take a break that lasts 30 minutes to four hours before another snack. It has been reported that exercise snacks can be as effective as traditional exercise methods.
Of course, the more of these brief exercises you complete in a day, the better. Just three exercise snacks a day that gets your heart pumping can be good for your health. 23 Your concentration and creativity improve, and you can become more productive. Also, “snacking” throughout the day prevents you from sitting too long—something that’s always positive.
Another great thing about exercise snacks is that there are so many to choose from. Acceptable activities range from sit-ups to jumping rope to running up and down some stairs. 24
Exercises that are strength-based such as lifting weights will fit the bill. Since most people don’t keep weights at their office, lift full water bottles.
Squats（深蹲）involve moving your hips as if to sit down while keeping your back straight. This exercise helps strengthen your lower body and improve your movement. Five to ten of these should make a good snack.
For those who don’t like traditional exercises, simply turn up the music. Pick a lively song and start dancing; it’ll make for a fun workout.
25
A. It doesn’t take up too much your time.
B. They should break that “large meal” into exercise “snacks.”
C. And there are plenty of other benefits beyond improved fitness.
D. These exercises can last anywhere from 20 seconds to two minutes.
E. Consider giving exercise snacks a try, and see if they are to your taste.
F. They should constantly remind themselves of the importance of exercises.
G. But for those who don’t know where to start, here are some helpful exercise options.
第三部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分37.5分）
完形填空（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
It was a Sunday morning on a subway in New York. People were sitting 26 ， creating a calm, peaceful scene. Then 27 , a man and his children entered the subway car. The children were so 28 and active that the whole 29 of the car instantly changed.
The man sat down next to me and closed his eyes, obviously 30 of the situation. The children were yelling and throwing things, and yet, the man sitting next to me did nothing.
It was difficult not to feel 31 . I couldn’t believe that he was 32 his children to run wild like that, and was taking no 33 at all. It was easy to see that everyone else on the subway felt annoyed.
So finally, I turned to him and said, “Sir, your children are really 34 a lot of people. Could you control them a little more ”
The man lifted his gaze (凝视) and said softly, “ Oh, you’re right; I guess I should do something about it. We just came from the hospital where their mother 35 about an hour ago. I don’t know what to think, and I guess they don’t know how to 36 it either.”
Can you 37 what I felt at that moment Suddenly, I saw things differently; my anger was gone. My heart was filled with the man’s 38 . Now, instead of frustration(沮丧), feelings of 39 filled my heart. “ Your wife just died Oh, I’m so sorry. What can I do to help ”
Everything 40 in an instant.
26．A．nervously B．quietly C．seriously D．patiently
27．A．suddenly B．finally C．carefully D．immediately
28．A．happy B．cute C．loud D．funny
29．A．mood B．view C．condition D．position
30．A．afraid B．tired C．proud D．unaware
31．A．worried B．discouraged C．annoyed D．ashamed
32．A．expecting B．allowing C．warning D．guiding
33．A．risks B．notes C．effect D．responsibility
34．A．supporting B．embarrassing C．disturbing D．attracting
35．A．returned B．worked C．died D．stayed
36．A．understand B．describe C．deny D．handle
37．A．express B．imagine C．predict D．remember
38．A．pain B．joy C．courage D．faith
39．A．relief B．trust C．freedom D．sympathy
40．A．restored B．changed C．settled D．ended
语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
根据句子结构的语法性，在下面空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中所给词的适当形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为41~50的相应位置。
When a robot’s behavior conflicts ____________ the orders given by human beings, it will pose a threat to human existence.
Despite facing those experienced ____________ (opponent), Alex’s passion for the game helped him advance through the ranks.
List the pros and cons, __________ you’ll make a better decision.
With several ideas ____________ (bounce) around in his mind, he couldn’t wait to share them with us.
To our surprise, ____________ was once a small fishing village has turned into a modern city.
The population in California ____________ (explode) over the past few years and the state is faced with great challenges.
Dangerous conditions and damaged roads will make ____________ quite difficult to deliver food and supplies.
A series of hands-on classes are designed for students ____________ (acquire) the necessary life skills.
More data should be analyzed before you can come to ____________ conclusion.
In the study, participants will be ____________ (random) assigned to two groups.
第四部分 写作 （共三节，满分55分）
第一节 句子考查（第51-55小题每空0.5分，第56~58小题每题3分，满分15分）
根据下面各个句子的要求，完成、改写或翻译句子。
It is a tough job to learn the piano, __________ __________ __________ (更不用说) the daily routine of practice.
George doesn’t appreciate what he has and __________ it __________ __________(认为理所当然).
The exhibition sponsored by the local government __________ __________ (结果是) to be a great success.
The traffic issue not only affects our daily life, but it also puts people’s lives at risk. (用倒装句改写)
Not only _________ the traffic issue _________ our daily life, but it also puts people’s lives at risk.
Dongguan is located in the Pearl River Delta. It covers an area of about 2,465 square kilometers. （用分词合并句子）
___________ in the Pearl River Delta, Dongguan __________ an area of about 2,465 square kilometers.
We are making great efforts to call on people to make contributions to rural education. (改为被动语态)
____________________________________________________________________________
He made another wonderful discovery. I think this discovery is of great importance to science.（用非限制性定语从句合并）
____________________________________________________________________________
令我们自豪的是，中国已经在太空探索方面取得了重大成就。（用名词性从句翻译）
____________________________________________________________________________
第二节 应用文写作（满分15分）
假定你是李华，你的交换生朋友William对学校开展的研学旅游活动很感兴趣。他来信希望你能给他推荐一个研学城市。请你给他回信，内容包括：
推荐研学的城市；
推荐理由；
表示祝愿。
注意：1. 写作词数应为80左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear William,
Yours,
Li Hua
第三节 读后续写（满分25分）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一个完整的短文。
“This is the one o’clock news. A wolf escaped from the Dorford Zoo this morning and is believed to be still at large (未被抓捕的) in the Dorford area. If hungry, the wolf might be dangerous. If anyone sees this animal, please inform the nearest police-station.”
Mrs. Clarke switched the radio off: she wanted to make her middy lunch before her baby woke up. She pushed the pram (婴儿车) into the garden, left it under a tree out of the sun and went into the kitchen.
Then minutes later she came to the back door to see if everything was all right. A big dog was standing by the pram looking at the baby. “That’s the Johnson’s dog. I’ve told them they ought to keep that great animal in their own garden. Those dogs are a bit too much like wolves.” Then Mrs. Clarke went cold. “Wolves. What have I heard about wolves ” She was sure she had heard something about an escaped wolf on the radio. She looked hard at the creature by the pram—and the more she looked the more certain she became. It wasn’t the dog from next door. Like it, but different. It was as big as the dog, but the color was grayer and it looked thinner.
At this moment, the creature put its front legs on the side of the pram and looked at the sleeping baby, licking its face. The baby woke up and began to cry quietly.
Mrs. Clarke wanted to scream, but she knew it would be wrong to do that. What should she do “Inform the police,” the radio had said. But that meant leaving the garden and going to the telephone near the front door. She was sure that somehow she must get the wolf away from the pram. Then she remembered the piece of meat she had bought. It was on the kitchen table.
注意：1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Very quietly she slipped into the kitchen and came back with the meat.
Holding the baby in her arms in the kitchen, she telephoned the police.2023-2024学年第二学期七校联考
高二英语参考答案
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分20分）
第一节 听力理解（共5小题； 每小题2分，满分10分）
1-5：ABABC
第二节 听取信息（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分 ）
6. November/Nov. 7. 153 8. language teaching 9. farming 10. sick animals
[评分标准]
第6题没有大写扣1分；第8、10小题每词1分, 若8，9小题形式错扣0.5分, 10小题单复数错误扣0.5分。
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分37.5分）
第一节（共10小题；每小题2.5分，满分25分）
11-13: CBD 14-16: CDB 17-20: ABCA
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
21-25: BDCGE
第三部分 英语知识运用（共两节，满分37.5分）
第一节 完形填空（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
26-30: BACAD 31-35: CBDCC 36-40: DBADB
语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
41. with 42. opponents 43. and 44. bouncing 45. what
46. has exploded 47. it 48. to acquire 49. a 50. randomly
[评分标准]与以上答案不符（含大小写、单复数错误）均不给分。
第四部分 写作 （共三节，满分55分）
第一节 句子考查（第51-55小题每空0.5分，第56~58小题每题3分，满分15分）
51. not to mention 52. takes; for granted 53. turned out
54. does; affect 55. Located; covers
56. Great efforts are being made by us to call on people to make contributions to rural education.
[评分标准]
写出 are being made 结构给 2 分，时态错误扣 1 分，单复数错误扣 0.5 分；其他情况酌情给分。
He made another wonderful discovery, which I think is of great importance to science.
[评分标准]
没写逗号扣 1 分，写对 which 给 1 分；其他情况酌情给分。
What makes us proud is that China has made great achievements in space exploration.
或 That China has made great achievements in space exploration makes us proud.
或 It makes us proud that China has made great achievements in space exploration.
[评分标准]
写出What makes us proud is that或That......makes us proud或It makes us proud that得2分；其他情况酌情给分。
第二节 应用文写作（满分 15 分）
A possible Version:
Learning that you are interested in the study tour but at a loss about which city to visit, I’d like to recommend Guangzhou to you.
Guangzhou, the capital city of Guangdong, is a perfect combination of old and new. For one thing, it is an ancient city with rich historical sites, such as Chen Clan Academy, Xiguan and Shameen, where you can immerse yourself in its profound history and splendid Lingnan culture. For another, Guangzhou enjoys a high reputation for modern complexes, among which the iconic Canton Tower is what you can’t miss. Equally impressive is the Cantonese cuisine, which will give you a feast for your appetite.
I’m sure that you will find Guangzhou a worthwhile city to explore. Wish you a meaningful and unforgettable study tour!
第三节 读后续写（满分 25 分）
A possible Version:
Very quietly she slipped into the kitchen and came back with the meat. The wolf was still standing over the pram licking the baby’s face. She threw the meat into a corner under a tree well away from the pram. As the meat hit the ground, the wolf looked round. It hesitated for a moment, then left for the meat and began to eat it. Mrs. Clarke stole to the pram and immediately picked up the baby and ran into the kitchen as fast as possible. She sank down into a chair, crying with relief.
Holding the baby in her arms in the kitchen, she telephoned the police. When the police arrived, she told them what had happened, and took them to the kitchen window. The wolf was lying on the grass, still eating the meat. The police said they had sent for a man from the zoo and would arrive in a minute. Five minutes later, two men from the Dorford Zoo came with a net and a small cage. Before long the wolf was safely in the cage and taken away, the rest of the meat still in its mouth.
答案详解
A 篇： 11．C 12．B 13．D
【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了旅行社提供的三个旅游设计方案。
11．细节理解题。由第一个小标题的内容“Starting at: $849(起价：849 美元)”可知，一个人849，夫妻两人1698。故选C项。
12．细节理解题。由第二个小标题的内容“Your guided tour of Ireland and Britain begins in the capital city of Dublin. Enjoy seeing the “ Fair City” including the statue-lined oh O'Connell Street, Trinity College and St. Patrick's Cathedral. (您的爱尔兰和英国导览游从首都都柏林开始。欣赏“美丽的城市”，包括雕像林立的奥康奈尔街、三一学院和圣帕特里克大教堂)”可知，这个旅游路线可以参观Trinity College。故选B项。
13．细节理解题。由第一个小标题的内容“A London Guide will show you the city's famous landmarks like Bucking ham Palace, Downing Street and Westminster Abbey. (伦敦指南将向您展示这座城市的著名地标，如白金汉宫、唐宁街和威斯敏斯特教堂)”和第二个小标题的内容“Your local guide will show you the famous sights, including the Houses of Parliament, Big Ben, Westminster Abbey and Bucking ham Palace. (您当地的导游会带您参观著名的景点，包括国会大厦、大本钟、威斯敏斯特教堂和白金汉宫)”和第三个小标题的内容“You'll spend three nights in London to see the sits of this historic city—from Big Ben to Bucking ham Palace, and also St. Pail's Cathedral. (您将在伦敦度过三个晚上，参观这座历史悠久的城市——从大本钟到白金火腿宫，以及圣帕伊尔大教堂)”可知，这三个旅游规划都能参观Bucking ham Palace。故选D项。
B篇： 14．C 15．D 16．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。竞争是人类的天性，但是过度竞争会带来危害，作者认为人们要有争取铜牌的精神，即不与他人比较，追求与自我竞争、达到个人最佳水平的胜利。
14．词句猜测题。根据第二段前两句“Although the competitive spirit may be as natural as breathing air, it does not always lead to human prosperity. On the contrary, left unmanaged, it can create misery for ourselves and others.(虽然竞争精神可能像呼吸空气一样自然，但它并不总是给人类带来繁荣。相反，如果不加以管理，它会给我们自己和他人带来痛苦。)”和第三句中的“there is a formula to solve this problem without unrealistically suggesting that(有一个公式可以解决这个问题，而不是不切实际地建议)”可知，此处是指不是不切实际地建议我们完全去除自己的竞争冲动，所以dispense with意为“去除”。故选C。
15．推理判断题。根据第一段前两句“Humans are born and wired to compete with one another. People compare how many “likes” they have on social media.(人类生来就注定要相互竞争。人们比较自己在社交媒体上有多少个“赞”。)”可知，把自己和那些不那么幸运的人比较时人们最有可能自我感觉良好。故选D。
16．主旨大意题。根据第二段最后一句“Fortunately, there is a formula to solve this problem without unrealistically suggesting that we entirely dispense with our competitive urge: Instead of always going for gold, shoot for the bronze.(幸运的是，有一个公式可以解决这个问题，而不会不切实际地建议我们完全放弃竞争冲动：不要总是追求金牌，而是要争取铜牌。)”可知，文章主要是讲争取铜牌、与自己竞争达到个人最佳水平的胜利。故选B。
C篇：17．A 18．B 19．C 20．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种可以感知疼痛的机器人，解释了教会机器人感知疼痛的意义以及机器人可以根据疼痛程度做出不同的反应。
17．细节理解题。根据第一段“As part of their demonstration at last week’s IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation held in Stockholm, Johannes Kuehn and Sami Haddaddin showed how pain might be used in robots, by interacting with a BioTac fingertip sensor on the end of a Kuka robotic arm that had been programmed to react differently to differing amounts of pain.(上周在斯德哥尔摩举行的IEEE机器人与自动化国际会议上，Johannes Kuehn和Sami Haddaddin展示了疼痛如何应用于机器人，通过与Kuka机械臂末端的BioTac指尖传感器进行交互，该传感器已被编程为对不同程度的疼痛做出不同的反应)”可知，演示中的机器人有感觉疼痛的能力。故选A。
18．主旨大意题。根据第二段“The idea of developing an artificial robot nervous system may seem contrary to all expectations, but Kuehn says doing so is important in the same way that it is good for humans to feel pain. “Pain is a system that protects us,” says Kuchn. “When we avoid the source of pain, it helps us not get hurt.” So when robots can feel and react to pain, they will become smart enough to avoid it. The more dangerous the robot registers the threat to be, the faster it will withdraw and avoid the source of danger. Additionally, Kuehn and Haddadin say humans working alongside robots that feel pain, especially those in heavy machinery, will be protected around them.(开发人工机器人神经系统的想法似乎与所有人的期望相反，但库恩说，这样做很重要，就像人类感觉疼痛一样。“疼痛是一种保护我们的系统，”库恩说。“当我们避开痛苦的根源时，它就能帮助我们不受伤。”因此，当机器人能够感受到疼痛并做出反应时，它们将变得足够聪明，能够避免疼痛。机器人发现的威胁越危险，它就会越快地撤离并避开危险源。此外，Kuehn和hadadin说，人类和机器人一起工作，尤其是那些在重型机械上工作的机器人，将会受到保护)”可知，第二段主要讲的是教会机器人感知疼痛的意义。故选B。
19．细节理解题。根据第三段“For example, if the arm feels light pain, it slowly withdraws until the pain stops, and then returns to its original task; severe pain, meanwhile, causes the arm to go into a kind of lockdown mode until it can get help from a human operator.(例如，如果手臂感到轻微疼痛，它就会慢慢退缩，直到疼痛停止，然后再回到原来的工作中；与此同时，剧烈的疼痛会导致手臂进入一种锁定模式，直到它能得到人类操作员的帮助)”可知，机器人可以根据疼痛程度做出不同的反应。故选C。
20．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Only time will tell of course, but one thing that is evident, Kuehn and Haddadin’s work could lead to robots that are more human-like than ever. (当然，只有时间才能告诉我们答案，但有一件事是显而易见的，库恩和哈达丁的工作可能会让机器人变得比以往任何时候都更像人类)”可推知，作者对库恩和哈达丁的研究持乐观态度。故选A。
七选五：21．B 22．D 23．C 24．G 25．E
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了“零食式”运动的含义以及好处，同时给人们提供了几个有用的锻炼选择。
21．上文“What should people do when they can’t find the time or desire to do a long workout (当人们找不到时间或不想进行长时间锻炼时应该怎么办？)”提出问题——当人们找不到时间或不想进行长时间锻炼时应该怎么办？空处应该对此回答，结合下文“Exercise snacks (“零食式”运动) are a popular and inventive new way for people to stay fit. (零食式”运动是人们保持健康的一种流行且富有创意的新方式)”介绍了“零食式”运动可知，空处应与“零食式”运动有关，B项“他们应该把“大餐”分成运动“零食”。”符合语境，故选B。
22．上文“Exercise snacks (“零食式”运动) are a popular and inventive new way for people to stay fit. Instead of requiring hours at the gym, this concept instructs you to keep it short.(“零食式”运动是人们保持健康的一种流行且富有创意的新方式。这个概念指导你保持短时间的锻炼，而不是要求你在健身房待上几个小时)”指出“零食式”运动使你进行短时间锻炼，D项“这些锻炼可以持续20秒到两分钟。”符合语境，承接上文，具体介绍了进行短时间锻炼所持续的时间，故选D。
23．上文“ Just three exercise snacks a day that gets your heart pumping can be good for your health.(每天只需三顿运动零食即可让你的心脏跳动，对你的健康有益)”指出每天只需三顿运动零食，对你的健康有益，下文“Your concentration and creativity improve, and you can become more productive. Also, “snacking” throughout the day prevents you from sitting too long - something that’s always positive.(你的注意力和创造力都会提高，并且你的工作效率也会提高。此外，全天吃零食可以防止你坐得太久——这总是积极的)”介绍了其他方面的好处，由此可知，空处引起下文，指出除了改善体质之外，还有很多其他好处。C项“除了改善体质之外，还有很多其他好处。”符合语境，承上启下，故选C。
24．上文“Acceptable activities range from sit ups to jumping rope to running up and down some stairs.(可接受的活动包括仰卧起坐、跳绳、上下楼梯等)”指出“零食式”运动有很多种形式，下文“Exercises that are strength-based such as lifting weights will fit the bill.(基于力量的锻炼（例如举重）就符合要求)”，“Squats involve moving your hips as if to sit down while keeping your back straight. (深蹲涉及移动臀部，就像坐下一样，同时保持背部挺直)”和“For those who don’t like traditional exercises, simply turn up the music.(对于那些不喜欢传统练习的人，只需打开音乐即可)”就“零食式”运动提供了几个有用的锻炼选择。由此可知，空处引起下文，G项“但对于那些不知道从哪里开始锻炼的人来说，这里有一些有用的锻炼选择。”符合语境，故选G。
25．空处位于句尾，应为总结全文的句子，上文介绍了“零食式”运动的含义以及好处，同时给人们提供了几个有用的锻炼选择，此处应该是呼吁人们尝试“零食式”运动，E项“考虑尝试一下“零食式”运动，看看它们是否适合你。”符合语境，故选E。
完形填空：26-30. BACAD 31-35. CBDCC 36-40. DBADB
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在地铁上遇到一个带着孩子的男子，孩子非常吵闹，作者指责男子不管教自己的孩子，却得知男子的妻子刚刚去世了，于是愤怒消失了，反而对男子充满了同情。
26．考查副词词义辨析。句意：人们安静地坐着——有的在看报纸，有的在沉思，有的闭着眼睛休息。A. nervously紧张地；B. quietly安静地；C. seriously严肃地；D. patiently耐心地。根据后文“some reading newspapers, some lost in thought, some resting with their eyes closed”可知人们安静地坐着，做自己的事情，故选B。
27．考查副词词义辨析。句意：突然，一个男人和他的孩子们进了地铁。A. suddenly突然；B. finally最后；C. carefully仔细地；D. immediately立即。根据后文“a man and his children entered the subway car”指突然一名男子和孩子进了地铁。故选A。
28．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：孩子们又吵又闹，车子里的气氛一下子就变了。A. happy快乐的；B. cute可爱的；C. loud大声的；D. funny有趣的。根据后文“The children were yelling”可知孩子们很吵闹。故选C。
29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：孩子们又吵又闹，车子里的气氛一下子就变了。A. mood气氛；B. view观点；C. condition条件；D. position位置。根据后文“of the car instantly changed”可知孩子们的吵闹改变了地铁里的气氛。故选A。
30．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那个人坐在我旁边，闭上眼睛，显然没有意识到这种情况。A. afraid害怕的；B. tired疲惫的；C. proud自豪的；D. unaware没意识到的。根据上文“The man sat down next to me and closed his eyes, obviously”可知，男子闭着眼坐着，没有意识到这种情况。故选D。
31．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：很难不感到恼火。A. worried担心的；B. discouraged沮丧的；C. annoyed生气的；D. ashamed羞愧的。呼应后文“else on the subway felt annoyed”指对孩子们的吵闹感到恼火。故选C。
32．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不能相信他会让他的孩子们那样放肆，而且一点责任都没有。A. expecting期待；B. allowing允许；C. warning警告；D. guiding指导。根据后文“his children to run wild like that”指男子允许自己的孩子在地铁里胡闹。故选B。
33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我不能相信他会让他的孩子们那样放肆，而且一点责任都没有。A. risks风险；B. notes笔记；C. effect影响；D. responsibility责任。结合上文可知男子对孩子们的做法不管不顾，一点都负责。故选D。
34．考查动词词义辨析。句意：先生，您的孩子真的打扰了很多人。A. supporting支持；B. embarrassing尴尬；C. disturbing打扰；D. attracting吸引。上文提到孩子们在地铁里打闹，即打扰了很多人。故选C。
35．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们刚从他们母亲一小时前去世的医院回来。A. returned返回；B. worked工作；C. died死亡；D. stayed停留。呼应后文“Your wife just died ”可知男子的妻子去世了。故选C。
36．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不知道该怎么想，我猜他们也不知道如何应对。A. understand理解；B. describe描述；C. deny否认；D. handle处理，应对。根据上文“I guess they don’t know how to”指不知如何应对母亲去世的事情。故选D。
37．考查动词词义辨析。句意：你能想象我当时的感受吗？A. express表达；B. imagine想象；C. predict预测；D. remember记得。根据后文“what I felt at that moment ”指想象当时的感受，应用imagine。故选B。
38．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我不用担心控制自己的态度或行为；我的心里充满了那个男人的痛苦。A. pain痛苦；B. joy快乐；C. courage勇气；D. faith信念。上文提到男子的妻子刚刚去世了，所以充满了痛苦。故选A。
39．考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在，我的心里充满了同情，而不是沮丧。A. relief安慰；B. trust信任；C. freedom自由；D. sympathy同情。根据后文“Oh, I’m so sorry. Can you tell me about it What can I do to help ( 哦，我很抱歉。你能给我讲讲吗？我能帮上什么忙？)”指作者心里充满了同情。故选D。
40．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一切都在一瞬间改变了。A. restored修复；B. changed改变；C. settled解决；D. ended结束。根据上文内容可知，作者从一开始对男子纵容孩子的愤怒，到后来充满了同情，一切都在瞬间改变了。故选B。
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