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2024年中考热点话题预测卷（上海卷）
英语
本试卷考试时间：80分钟 试卷满分：115分。
注意事项：
1. 答卷前，考生务必在答题卡上用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔填写自己的考生号、姓名、试室号、座位号，再用2B铅笔把对应这两个号码的标号涂黑。
2. 选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需要改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案。不能答在试卷上。
3. 非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域的相应位置上；如需要改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案，改动的答案也不能超出指定的区域；不准使用铅笔、圆珠笔和涂改液。不按以上要求作答的答案无效。
4. 考生必须保持答题卡的整洁，考试结束，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
Part 1 Grammar and Vocabulary（第一部分语法和词汇）
I. Choose the best answer （选择最恰当的答案） （本大题共 15题，每题1分，共15分。每题只有一个正确选项）
1．Paris, a romantic city, is chosen to be ________ host of the 2024 Olympic Games．
A．a B．an C．/ D．the
2．—The Two Sessions was held in Beijing ________ the afternoon of March 4, 2024.
—Yes. And the global community has once again turned its attention to the event.
A．in B．at C．on D．by
3．The movie on TV yesterday made me think of an experience of ________ own.
A．I B．me C．my D．mine
4．The relationship between these two students became even ________ after the talk.
A．close B．closer C．closest D．the closest
5．The old couple seemed ________ after their children moved out.
A．safely B．lonely C．sadly D．quietly
6．With family doctors, patients of all ages ________ receive basic health care at home.
A．should B．need C．must D．can
7．Susan finally became a popular singer after she practised ________ for years.
A．sing B．singing C．to sing D．sang
8．Qin Haiyang ________ a gold medal in the 19th Asian Games Hangzhou in 2023.
A．win B．won C．has won D．will win
9．Follow the instructions carefully, ________ you will operate the machine easily.
A．and B．but C．for D．or
10．________ all the passengers are here, why don’t we set off at once
A．When B．Since C．Although D．Unless
11．There’s nothing left in the fridge, and we’d better ________ some food in the market.
A．buy B．to buy C．buying D．bought
12．Many people ________ busily in that building at eight yesterday evening.
A．are working B．were working C．has worked D．had worked
13．________ shining the little girl is in her traditional Chinese dress on the stage!
A．What B．What a C．How D．How an
14．—Can you tell me ________
—Sure. About two years ago.
A．how long did the new building build B．how long the new building was built
C．when did the new building build D．when the new building was built
15．—I’m sorry. I dropped your cup on the desk.
—__________. I’ll buy a new one.
A．I’m not sure B．It takes time C．It’s hard to say D．It’s not a big deal
II. Choose the proper words in the box to complete the following passage. Each can be used only once （选择最恰当的选项填入空格。每空格限填一词， 每词只能填一次）（本大题共8题，每题1分，共8分，每题只有一个正确选项）
A．skills B．easier C． common D．harder E. safety
Let’s be honest; no matter how old we are, most of us love it when our parents do things for us. It makes our lives 16 , and we have less to worry about.
Some parents are used to doing almost everything for their children. They see their older children (and sometimes even adults) as babies! It can be a very 17 problem in China, where parents only have one child. Some parents care so much about the 18 of their children that they are afraid to let them go anywhere or do anything by themselves. As a result, their children fail to learn social 19 , and come to depend more on the parents!
A．suddenly B．show C． know D．really E. develop
In fact, no children 20 enjoy being looked after by their parents all the time. No parents would be happy knowing that, as a result of too much care, their children don’t know a thing about the world! Children need their own time to 21 into adults and to learn how to deal with problems. Too much care spoils their fun when they are growing up. And when 22 they can’t depend on their parents, these children will be in big trouble!
It is nice that parents show their care and attention to their children, it is nice that children 23 that their parent’s care and attention are the result of love, and it will be nicer if the children let their parents know how much love they really need, and how much love is too much.
Ⅲ. Complete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms （用括号中所给单词的适当形式完成下列句子。每空格限填一词） （本大题共8题，共8分）
24．Would you like to show me some of your trip to the Arctic Pole (photo)
25．At the beginning of the party, the hostess always introduces to the guests. (she)
26．What a coincidence! Jessica’s birthday is on the of October, just as mine. (twelve)
27．Whenever you have a difficulty, your parents will always give you a hand. (help)
28．The snow will soon when the warm weather comes. (appear)
29．Nowadays WeChat is used among people of different ages. (wide)
30．Don’t jump a conclusion! We’d better the problem first. (discussion)
31．We all like our manager because of his and responsibility. (honest)
IV. Rewrite the following sentences as required(根据所给要求, 改写下列句子,32-37每空限填一词)(共14分)
32．Tony did the homework in the classroom yesterday. (改为否定句)
Tony the homework in the classroom yesterday.
33．The police officer visits the car park in that area every day. (划线提问)
does the police officer visit the car park in that area
34．My cousin began her study at this school five years ago. (保持句意基本不变)
My cousin at this school for five years.
35．The photographer took many excellent photos last year. (改为被动语态)
Many excellent photos by the photographer last year.
36．Mum said to Tom, “Don’t open the window.” (改为间接引语)
Mum asked Tom not the window.
37．I like spending my weekends outdoors better than staying inside all day. (保持句意基本不变)
I spending my weekends outdoors staying inside all day.
38．the heavy rain, get to school, John, because of, on time, mainly, didn’t （连词成句）
.
Part 2 Reading and Writing（第二部分读写）
V. Reading comprehension （阅读理解）（本大题共25题，共50分）
A. Choose the best answer （根据以下内容，选择最恰当的答案）（12 分）
Some wonderfully creative uses of X-rays have been in the world of art. But the most impressive one is to uncover what has been covered up. Details unfolded by an X-ray of a painting can’t be seen any other way. For example, in the past, paintings were often repaired if small pieces of paint fell off the canvas (帆布). These repairs cannot be seen just by looking at the painting. It takes an X-ray to discover where the repairs have been made.
An X-ray of a painting is one of the best ways to tell if it was created by a famous painter or if it is a forgery (赝品). If there is a question as to whether an old master has painted a certain painting or not, X-rays are made and compared to those of paintings that are known to be original. If the brushstrokes (笔迹), for example, are shown to be totally different than in other work done by a certain artist, then the painting is proved to be a fake copy.
Since modern paints are usually made from different materials than paints of hundreds of years ago, the image they leave on an X-ray film looks different. This is another way X-rays can be used to spot a forgery. A modern artist will try to make a forgery look hundreds of years old by painting dirty varnish on it or by using artificial means to get the varnish to look cracked. To the naked eye the forgery may look old, but when a careful study of the X-ray image is made, the deceptions obvious.
It was common many years ago for an artist to finish a painting, decide it wasn’t any good, and paint a completely different picture on top of it. Or artists would paint over others’ work —it was their version of recycling. Taking an X-ray is the only way to find out if there is a picture underneath the picture you see with your eyes. Sometimes museums will be more interested in the painting beneath than the one on top, and will restore the older one by having the top layer painstakingly removed.
39．Why do people need X-ray to discover repairs on a painting
A．Because the technology of X-ray is more accurate.
B．Because X-ray is much cheaper.
C．Because the law requires the painting to be tasted by X-ray.
D．Because it is cheap.
40．How to tell the real masterpiece apart from the forgery
A．By comparing the painting with the original paintings drew by certain artist under an X-ray.
B．By removing the top layer of the painting.
C．By using some different materials to have a test.
D．By betting the vanish to look cracked
41．What is the main purpose of the article
A．To provide information to the police who are looking for stolen art.
B．To persuade art dealers to check for fake copies before selling art.
C．To explain how modern technology can be applied in unique ways.
D．To help artists restore damaged artwork to its original appearance.
42．According to the passage, X-rays are used to ______.
A．make repairs on paintings in the past
B．identify the authenticity of an artwork
C．change the materials of a forgery
D．remove the recyclable paints
43．In Paragraph 3, the word “deception” probably means ______.
A．comparison B．drawback
C．trickery D．judgment
44．Which is the best title for the passage
A．X-ray Detectives
B．Creative Uses of Technology
C．Forgery Studies
D．X-ray Painting Technique
B.Choose the best answer and complete the passage （选择最恰当的选项完成短文）（12分）
Technology is the use of knowledge to invent new tools. Throughout history, technology has made people’s lives easier.
Early humans set themselves 45 other animals when they learned to use stones as weapons or tools. This began a period that is known as the Stone Age. Stone Age people also learned to make pottery from clay.
Later on, people learned to work with 46 . The people of Anatolia made copper tools and weapons as early as 6500 BC． In about 3000 BC people discovered that mixing copper with tin formed bronze. This discovery began the Bronze Age.
Two important 47 took place in the Middle East at the beginning of the Bronze Age. One was the invention of the ox-drawn plow (犁). The other was the invention of the wheel and axle (车轴). Many scientists date the beginning of civilization, or advanced culture, to this time.
In the 1000s BC the Hittite people of Anatolia learned to work with iron, which is stronger than bronze. This began the Iron Age. 48 , people throughout the world made iron tools and weapons.
A period called the Middle Ages began in about AD 500 and lasted 49 about 1500. Many advances during this time came from other places-for example, China, Persia and India. By about the 1400s, Europeans learned the Chinese technique of casting iron. This involved 50 iron and pouring it into a mold to harden. Chinese inventors also developed black powder, the original form of gunpowder. New sources of powder were developed during this time.
Two kinds of technology helped to end the Middle Ages and to begin modern times. The rudder (a part for driving a ship), the compass made it possible the sea voyages of European explorers.
45．A．afraid of B．angry with C．different from D．careful with
46．A．cotton B．metal C．plastic D．wood
47．A．wars B．thoughts C．discoveries D．developments
48．A．After that B．However C．In addition D．In return
49．A．during B．in C．for D．until
50．A．cutting B．heating C．inventing D．using
C.Fill in the blanks with proper words（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺。每空格限填一词，首字母已给）（14分）
The human body is a complex machine. From the day we were born, our bodies grow and change in response to our e 51 , diet, and habits. The body has many different organ systems and parts that work together to allow us to breathe, move, see, talk, and digest food all at the same time. Most of the time we don’t care what is happening in our bodies; usually it is only when we get sick or feel pain that we notice.
Many people do not take enough care of their complex machines. Bad habits like smoking, drinking too much alcohol, and eating junk food damage our bodies. Stress can also cause h 52 problems. People who worry a lot or have busy jobs often don’t get enough sleep, or don’t eat properly. We also damage our bodies by playing sports or having accidents. B 53 , a recent survey in the U.K. found that 14 percent of people had visited a hospital clinic in the previous three months. The two most c 54 reasons were for injury and poisoning.
Just like any machine, different body parts sometimes go wrong from old age. In fact, a study in the U.S. found that 60 percent to 70 percent of all patients in the Emergency Room were aged 75 or over. Luckily, older people who s 55 from an illness or injury can now receive treatment to help extend their lives. Due to the increase in the population of elderly people, gerontology (老年医学) is now one of the fastest g 56 areas of medicine. It is now common for older people with damaged joints, for example, to have surgery to replace the old joint with a new one made of plastic or metal.
As with any machine, the better you take care of it, the longer it will last. Of course, the best way to take care of your amazing machine is to eat the right foods, do sports r 57 , and get enough sleep.
Oh, and don’t forget to smile!
D. Answer the questions（根据短文内容回答下列问题）：（ 12分）
We can easily and cheaply get all the wisdom of the ages and all the stories that have delighted mankind for centuries are easily and cheaply available to all of us within the covers of books. The most unlucky people in the world are those who have never discovered how satisfying it is to read good books.
Reading is the pleasure of the mind, which means that it is a little like a sport: your eagerness and knowledge and quickness make you a good reader. Reading is fun, not because the writer is telling you something, but because it makes your mind work. Your own imagination works along with the author’s or even goes beyond his. Your experience, compared with his, brings you to the same or different conclusions, and your ideas develop as you understand his.
Every book stands by itself, like a one—family house, but books in a library are like houses in a city. Although they are separate, together they all add up to something. They are connected with each other and with other cities. Books influence each other; they link the past, the present and the future and have their own generations, like families. Wherever you start reading, you connect yourself with one of the families or ideas, and in the long run, you not only find out about the world and the people in it but also you find out about yourself, too.
Reading can only be fun if you expect it to be. If you read books somebody tells you “you ought” to read, you probably won’t have fun. But if you put down a book you don’t like and try another till you find one that means something to you, and then relax yourself with it, you will almost certainly have a good time and if you become, as a result of reading, better, wiser, kinder, or more gentle, you won’t have suffered during the process.
58．Who are the most unfortunate people according to the passage
59．What makes a person a good reader
60．When do your ideas develop in reading
61．What is the result of reading
62．How can you make your reading fun
63．What’s the writer’s purpose of writing this article
VI. Writing（作文）（共20分）
64．Write a passage in at least 60 words on the topic “I want to say to my school ‘________ ’”. （以我想对我的学校说“ _________ ” 为题写一篇不少于60个字的短文，标点符号不占格）
（注意：短文中不得出现任何人名，校名及其他相关信息，否则不予评分）
Questions for reference:
1. What would you like to say to your school
2. Why do you want to say these words to your school
3. What do those words or sentences mean to you or your school
___________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案：
1．D
【详解】句意：巴黎，一个浪漫的城市，被选为2024年奥运会的主办城市。
考查冠词辨析。a一个，不定冠词，表泛指，用于以辅音音素开头的单词前；an一个，不定冠词，表泛指，用于以元音音素开头的单词前；/零冠词；the定冠词，表特指。根据“host of the 2024 Olympic Games.”可知，2024年奥运会主办城市，表示特指。故选D。
2．C
【详解】句意：——两会于2024年3月4日下午在北京召开。——是的。国际社会再次将注意力转向这一事件。
考查介词辨析。in在某年某月某季节；at在某时刻；on在某一天或某一天的早中晚；by通过。空后“the afternoon of March 4, 2024”是具体某一天的下午，用介词on。故选C。
3．C
【详解】句意：昨天电视上的电影让我想起了自己的一次经历。
考查物主代词。I我，主格；me我，宾格；my我的，形容词性物主代词；mine我的，名词性物主代词。of one’s own“某人自己的”，是固定短语。one’s表示“某人的”，是名词所有格或形容词性物主代词。故选C。
4．B
【详解】句意：谈话结束后，这两位学生的关系更加密切了。
考查形容词比较级。根据“The relationship between these two students became even”可知，此处指的关系比之前更加亲密了，因此填形容词比较级，even修饰比较级。故选B。
5．B
【详解】句意：孩子们搬出去以后，这对老夫妇显得很孤独。
考查形容词的用法。safely安全地，副词；lonely孤独的，形容词；sadly伤心地，副词；quietly安静地，副词。此处作seemed的表语应用形容词。故选B。
6．D
【详解】句意：有了家庭医生，所有年龄段的病人都可以在家里接受基本的医疗保健。
考查情态动词用法。should应该；need需要；must必须；can可以，能够。根据前面“With family doctors”可知，所有年龄段的病人都可以在家里接受基本的医疗保健，此处是指能够做的事情。故选D。
7．B
【详解】句意：苏珊练习唱歌多年后，终于成为一名受欢迎的歌手。
考查非谓语动词。practise doing sth.“练习做某事”，动名词作宾语。故选B。
8．B
【详解】句意：覃海洋在2023年第19届杭州亚运会上获得一枚金牌。
考查动词时态。根据“in 2023”可知句子用一般过去时，动词用过去式。故选B。
9．A
【详解】句意：仔细按照说明书操作，你会很容易操作机器的。
考查并列连词辨析。and和，表并列关系；but但是，表转折关系；for因为，表因果关系；or或者，表选择关系。由“Follow the instructions carefully, you will operate the machine easily”可知，仔细跟着说明书之后才会容易操作，他们之间是顺承关系。故选A。
10．B
【详解】句意：既然所有的乘客都到了，我们为什么不马上出发呢？
考查连词词义辩词。When当……时；Since因为，由于，既然；Although虽然，尽管；Unless除非，如果不。根据句意可知，“所有的乘客都到了”是“我们马上出发的原因”，所以选项B符合语境。故选B。
11．A
【详解】句意：冰箱里什么都没有了，我们最好在市场上买些食物。
考查非谓语。we’d是we had的缩写，此处是结构had better do sth，空处用动词原形，故选A。
12．B
【详解】句意：昨天晚上八点，很多人正在那栋建筑里忙碌地工作。
考查谓语动词时态。根据时间状语“at eight yesterday evening”可知，应用过去进行时，谓语结构为“was/were doing”。故选B。
13．C
【详解】句意：这个穿着中国传统服饰的小女孩在舞台上真是光彩照人！
考查感叹句。句子中心词是形容词shining，此处符合结构“How+形容词+主谓”，故选C。
14．D
【详解】句意：——你能告诉我新大楼是什么时候建立的吗？——当然。大约两年前。
考查宾语从句。空处句子是宾语从句，用陈述语序，排除AC；根据“About two years ago”可知，此处询问大楼建立的时间，用when引导宾语从句。故选D。
15．D
【详解】句意：——我很抱歉。我把你的杯子掉在桌子上了。—— 没什么大不了的。我会买一个新的。
考查情景交际。I’m not sure我不确定；It takes time这需要时间；It’s hard to say这很难说；It’s not a big deal 这没什么大不了的。根据“I’ll buy a new one.”可知，将买一个新的，故此处是安慰对方弄掉了杯子是没什么大不了的。故选D。
16．B 17．C 18．E 19．A 20．D 21．E 22．A 23．C
【导语】本文讲述的是父母关爱孩子，时时处处担忧孩子，尽力为孩子们准备好一切的社会现象，文章分析了其利弊，指出父母表达对孩子的关爱、关注是爱孩子的表现，孩子也得学会自立。
16．句意：这使我们的生活更容易，我们有更少的担心。根据“It makes our lives…and we have less to worry about.”的句意并结合备选词汇可知，此处指这使我们的生活更容易。故选B。
17．句意：在中国，这可能是一个非常普遍的问题，因为中国的父母只有一个孩子。根据“It can be a very…problem in China, where parents only have one child.”的句意并结合备选词汇可知，此处指在中国，这可能是一个非常普遍的问题。故选C。
18．句意：有些父母非常关心孩子们的安全，以至于他们害怕让孩子们去任何地方或自己做任何事情。根据空后的“they are afraid to let them go anywhere or do anything by themselves”并结合备选词汇可知，此处指有些父母非常关心孩子们的安全。故选E。
19．句意：结果，他们的孩子们没有学会社交技能，越来越依赖父母！social skills“社交技能”，固定词组。故选A。
20．句意：事实上，没有一个孩子真正喜欢一直被父母照顾。根据“In fact, no children…enjoy being looked after by their parents all the time.”的句意并结合备选词汇可知，此处指事实上，没有一个孩子真正喜欢一直被父母照顾。故选D。
21．句意：孩子们需要自己的时间来成长为成年人，学习如何处理问题。develop into“变成”，固定词组。故选E。
22．句意：当他们突然不能依靠父母时，这些孩子将陷入大麻烦！根据“these children will be in big trouble”并结合备选词汇可知，此处指当他们突然不能依靠父母时，这些孩子将陷入大麻烦。故选A。
23．句意：父母对孩子们的关心和关注是很好的，孩子们知道父母的关心和重视是爱的结果也是很好的，如果孩子们让父母知道他们真正需要多少爱，多少爱是太多，那就更好了。分析句子结构并结合句意可知，此处为从句的谓语，应用动词，表示的是孩子们知道父母的关心和重视是爱的结果也是很好的。故选C。
24．photos
【详解】句意：你愿意给我看一些你去北极旅行的照片吗？根据所给单词以及“some”可知，some后跟可数名词复数形式，photo意为“照片”。故填photos。
25．herself
【详解】句意：在晚会开始时，女主人总是向客人作自我介绍。由“the hostess always introduces…to the guests”可知，此处指向客人介绍她自己，应用反身代词。故填herself。
26．twelfth
【详解】句意：真巧！Jessica的生日是10月12日，和我的生日一样。根据“Jessica’s birthday is on the...of October”可知，此处指日期，表示“10月12号”，空处应用twelve的序数词，故填twelfth。
27．helpful
【详解】句意：每当你遇到困难时，你的父母总是会帮助你。根据“Whenever you have a difficulty, your parents will always give you a…hand.”的句意可知，此处指父母总是会帮助你；根据空后的“hand”可知，此处应用所给词的形容词形式，作定语，helpful“有帮助的”符合。故填helpful。
28．disappear
【详解】句意：天气转暖时，雪很快就会消失。根据“the warm weather comes”可知，天气转暖，雪会消失，disappear“消失”，will后加动词原形。故填disappear。
29．widely
【详解】句意：如今，微信在不同年龄段的人中广泛使用。wide“宽的”，形容词，根据“is...used”可知，此处应用副词修饰动词，其副词为widely。故填widely。
30．discuss
【详解】句意：不要草率下结论！我们最好先讨论一下这个问题。had better do sth.“最好做某事”，空格处应填动词原形，discussion是名词，其对应的动词是discuss。故填discuss。
31．honesty
【详解】句意：我们都喜欢我们的经理，因为他的诚实和责任感，。形容词性物主代词his后面加名词，honest“诚实的”，形容词，其名词形式为honesty。故填honesty。
32． didn’t do
【详解】句意：托尼昨天在教室里做作业。肯定句谓语是实义动词的过去式，改为否定句借助助动词didn’t，其后接动词原形do。故填didn’t；do。
33． How often
【详解】句意：警察每天都去那个地区的停车场。划线部分为“每天”，因此是对频率提问，how often“多久一次”符合题意。故填How；often。
34． has studied
【详解】句意：我表姐五年前开始在这所学校学习。此处可改为“我表姐在这所学校学习了五年。”，根据“for five years”可知句子用现在完成时，主语是My cousin，助动词用has，study的过去分词是studied。故填has；studied。
35． were taken
【详解】句意：这位摄影师去年拍了许多优秀的照片。根据“took”可知此处改为一般过去时的被动语态，主语是名词复数，be动词用were，take的过去分词是taken。故填were；taken。
36． to open
【详解】句意：妈妈对汤姆说：“不要打开窗户。”该句改为间接引语，可改为“妈妈叫汤姆不要打开窗户。”ask sb not to do“让某人不要做某事”。故填to；open。
37． prefer to
【详解】句意：比起整天待在家里，我更喜欢在户外度过周末。表示“与做某事相比，更喜欢做某事”可用结构prefer doing...to doing...；根据“like”可知句子用一般现在时，主语是I，谓语动词用原形。故填prefer；to。
38．John didn’t get to school on time mainly because of the heavy rain
【详解】根据所给词以及标点可知，句子是陈述句，主语是John，助动词didn’t后加动词原形，get to school“到达学校”，on time“准时”，mainly because of the heavy rain“主要因为大雨”。故填John didn’t get to school on time mainly because of the heavy rain“约翰没有按时上学主要是因为大雨”。
39．A 40．A 41．C 42．B 43．C 44．A
【导语】本文通过介绍X-ray在油画辨别侦察方面的作用，说明现代科技X-ray是如何以独特的方式应用于生活。
39．推理判断题。根据“These repairs cannot be seen just by looking at the painting. It takes an X-ray to discover where the repairs have been made.”可知X射线可以发现绘画的修复部分，所以它更精确。故选A。
40．细节理解题。根据“If there is a question as to whether an old master has painted a certain painting or not, X-rays are made and compared to those of paintings that are known to be original”可知如果怀疑大师是否画过某幅画，我们会制作X射线，并将其与已知的原创画作进行比较。故选A。
41．主旨大意题。本文通过文章通过介绍X-ray在油画辨别侦察方面的作用，说明现代科技X-ray是如何以独特的方式应用于生活。故选C。
42．细节理解题。根据“An X-ray of a painting is one of the best ways to tell if it was created by a famous painter or if it is a forgery”可知X射线被用来鉴别艺术品的真伪。故选B。
43．词义猜测题。根据“To the naked eye the forgery may look old, but when a careful study of the X-ray image is made, the deceptions obvious.”可知在肉眼看来，伪造品可能看起来很旧，但当仔细研究X射线图像时，欺骗是显而易见的，故划线部分意为“欺骗”，和trickery意义相近。故选C。
44．最佳标题题。本文通过文章通过介绍X-ray在油画辨别侦察方面的作用，说明现代科技X-ray是如何以独特的方式应用于生活，以选项A“X射线探测器”为标题最合适。故选A。
45．C 46．B 47．D 48．A 49．D 50．B
【导语】本文主要介绍了各个时期技术和工具发展。
45．句意：当早期人类学会使用石头作为武器或工具时，他们就把自己与其他动物区别开来。
afraid of害怕；angry with和……生气；different from与……不同；careful with小心。根据“Early humans set themselves ... other animals when they learned to use stones as weapons or tools.”可知，早期人类与动物的不同，在于人类会使用武器和工具。故选C。
46．句意：后来，人们学会了用金属工作。
cotton棉花；metal金属；plastic塑料；wood木材。根据下文“This discovery began the Bronze Age.”可知，铜器时代，铜属于金属，故此处指人们用金属工作。故选B。
47．句意：在青铜时代初期，中东产生了两个重要的发展。
wars战争；thoughts想法；discoveries发现；developments发展。根据“One was the invention of the ox-drawn plow (犁). The other was the invention of the wheel and axle (车轴).”可知，犁和车轮以及车轴的出现，说明技术在不断进步，故此处指两个重要的发展。故选D。
48．句意：此后，世界各地的人们开始制造铁制工具和武器。
After that在那之后；However然而；In addition此外；In return作为回报。根据“This began the Iron Age. ”可知，铁器时代开始后，人们开始用铁制作工具和武器。故选A。
49．句意：中世纪大约开始于公元500年，一直持续到大约1500年。
during在……期间；in在……里面；for为了；until直到。根据“A period called the Middle Ages began in about AD 500 and lasted ... about 1500.”可知，中世纪从公元500年开始，直到1500年结束。故选D。
50．句意：这包括加热铁并将其倒入模具中使其变硬。
cutting砍，剪；heating加热；inventing发明；using使用。根据“pouring it into a mold to harden”可知，此处把铁加热至融化，然后倒入模具中使其变硬。故选B。
51．(e)nergy 52．(h)ealth 53．(B)esides 54．(c)ommon 55．(s)uffer 56．(g)rowing 57．(r)egularly
【导语】本文主要介绍了人类身体的相关内容，包括身体如何工作，出现健康问题的原因以及如何更好地照顾身体等。
51．句意：从我们出生的那一天起，我们的身体就随着我们的能量、饮食和习惯而生长和变化。本句讲述造成身体变化的各种因素，结合首字母e可知，energy“能量；力量”符合语境，不可数名词。故填(e)nergy。
52．句意：压力也会导致健康问题。根据“Bad habits like smoking, drinking too much alcohol, and eating junk food damage our bodies. Stress can also cause...”可知，此处指不良的生活习惯和压力都会出现健康问题。health“健康”，不可数名词。故填(h)ealth。
53．句意：此外，英国最近的一项调查发现，14%的人在过去三个月内去过医院诊所。设空处后内容补充讲述其它说明身体出问题的情况。besides“此外”，副词，位于句首字母b大写。故填(B)esides。
54．句意：最常见的两个原因是受伤和中毒。结合首字母c可知，此处指常见的就医原因。common“普通的；常见的”，形容词作定语。故填(c)ommon。
55．句意：幸运的是，患有疾病或受伤的老年人现在可以接受治疗，以帮助延长他们的生命。suffer from“受折磨；受害于”，本句时态为一般现在时，主语指代older people为复数名词，所以动词用原形。故填(s)uffer。
56．句意：由于老年人口的增加，老年医学现在是医学发展最快的领域之一。根据“It is now common for older people...plastic or metal.”并结合首字母g可知，老年医学增速很快。growing“增长的；增加的”，形容词作定语。故填(g)rowing。
57．句意：当然，照顾你这台神奇机器的最好方法是吃正确的食物，定期运动，并获得足够的睡眠。根据首字母r可知，此处有规律的运动有助于身体健康。设空处应用副词形式修饰动词，regularly“定期地；规律地”。故填(r)egularly。
58．The most unfortunate people in the world are those who have never discovered how satisfying it is to read good books. 59．Your eagerness and knowledge and quickness make you a good reader. 60．As your experience, compared with the writer’s, brings you to the same or different conclusions. 61．Becoming better, wiser, kinder, or gentler. 62．By finding a book that means something to you. 63．To encourage us to read books.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述了阅读带给我们的收获和快乐。
58．根据“The most unlucky people in the world are those who have never discovered how satisfying it is to read good books.”可知，世界上最不幸的人是那些从未发现读好书是多么令人满足的人。故填The most unfortunate people in the world are those who have never discovered how satisfying it is to read good books.
59．根据“your eagerness and knowledge and quickness make you a good reader.”可知，你的热情，知识和速度使你成为一个好的读者。故填Your eagerness and knowledge and quickness make you a good reader.
60．根据“Your experience, compared with his, brings you to the same or different conclusions, and your ideas develop as you understand his.”可知，是当你的经验，与他的比较并使你得到相同或不同的结论的时候，你的想法在你阅读的过程中发展。故填As your experience, compared with the writer’s, brings you to the same or different conclusions.
61．根据“and if you become, as a result of reading, better, wiser, kinder, or more gentle, you won’t have suffered during the process.”可知，你会因为阅读而变得更好、更聪明、更善良、更温柔。故填Becoming better, wiser, kinder, or gentler.
62．根据“But if you put down a book you don’t like and try another till you find one that means something to you, and then relax yourself with it, you will almost certainly have a good time”可知，找到一本对你有意义的书，能够使得阅读有趣。故填By finding a book that means something to you.
63．根据“Wherever you start reading, you connect yourself with one of the families or ideas, and in the long run, you not only find out about the world and the people in it but also you find out about yourself, too.”可知，文章号召大家来阅读。故填To encourage us to read books.
64．例文：
I want to say to my school “Thank you” I am about to become a high school student, and on the occasion of my graduation, I would like to say “Thank you” to my school.
Firstly, it was because my school has provided me with a superior learning environment, which has enabled me to successfully complete my studies. Secondly, I have made many good friends here. Thirdly, I have learned many other skills besides studying.
This sentence means that I will enter high school with a grateful heart. I also hope that my school can get better and better.
【详解】[总体分析]
①题材：本文是一篇材料作文；
②时态：时态为“现在完成时”和“一般将来时”；
③提示：写作题目需自行补充；写作过程注意时态切换。
[写作步骤]
第一步，点题说明想对学校说的话；
第二步，阐述说这些话的原因；
第三步，表达自己感恩的心和对学校的祝福。
[亮点词汇]
①be about to即将
②on the occasion of值此……之际
③provide sb. with sth.为某人提供某物
[高分句型]
①Firstly, it was because my school has provided me with a superior learning environment...（表语从句）
②I also hope that my school can get better and better.（宾语从句）

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