资源简介

(共23张PPT)
现在完成时态
初中语法
1、现在完成时的结构
1、结构：主语+have/ has +过去分词（done）
【注：当主语是第三人称用has，其余人称用have】
人称 肯定式 否定式 疑问式 回答
第三人称单数 he/she/it he has worked he hasn’t worked Has he worked Yes,he has.
No,he hasn’t.
第一/二人称 I/we/you 第三人称复数 they they have worked they haven’t worked Have they worked Yes,they have.
No,they haven’t.
（以下示例以work为例子）
2、现在完成时的用法
1、表示过去发生的动作对现在造成影响。
e.g: I have finished my lunch. So, I am full now.
2、表示动作或状态从过去某时开始，一直延续至今。（可能刚结束，也可能继续下去）
e.g: I have lived here for 8 years.
3、现在完成时的标志
since和for是现在完成时当中常见的标志词。since“自从……”，for“持续了……”。since用来说明动作的开始时间，for用来说明动作延续的时间长度。
1、since的用法：
① since加过去一个具体的时间点（具体的年/月/日，或钟点）
since 1990、since yesterday、since 5 o’clock
e.g： He has lived here since 1990.
② since+时间段+ago
e.g： She has been a teacher since two years ago.
③ since+一般过去时的从句
e.g: I have worked here since I moved here.
④ 固定句式：It is/ It has been＋时间段＋since＋一般过去时的从句
e.g：It is/ It has been five years since I came here.
3、现在完成时的标志
2、for的用法：
① for+时间段:
e.g： He has lived here for 8 years.
3、since和for的句式转换：
since＋时间段＋ago＝for＋时间段
e.g: They haven't changed since twenty years ago.
＝They haven't changed for twenty years.
3、现在完成时的标志
4、用how long 对since和for引导的时间状语进行提问：
e.g:- How long have you lived here
-I have lived here for 4 years./ I have lived here since 2020.
【拓展知识】
① how long：多久，提问时间段，常用于现在完成时
② how far：多远，提问距离
e.g: How far is it from here to the airport ---10 kilometers.
③ how soon：多久以后，提问将来的时间，答语常用in＋一段时间
e.g: How soon can you arrive ---In 5 minutes.
④ how old：多大，提问年龄
练一练
1．Jane likes dancing very much and has been in the dance club ________ two years.
A．after B．for C．since D．during
2．________ the end of last year, we’ve learned the housing prices ________ further.
A．By, would rise B．Since, will raise C．Since, will be raised D．By, would be risen
3．Mr. Green has taught in that small town, ________ he left Canada in 1988.
A．when B．after C．for D．since
4．Our teachers have been with us for nearly three years ________ we came to junior high school. We should thank them for what they have done for us.
A．until B．before C．since D．when
5、—________ have you lived in Lanzhou
—Since my parents found jobs here.
A. How long　　　B. How far C. How soon D. How old
B
C
D
C
A
4、延续性动词与短暂性动词
延续性动词表示能够延续的动作：work、live、sleep
短暂性动词表示不能延续的动作，这种动作发生后立即结束:open、begin、marry
1、用法：
① 若现在完成时的句子中，含表示时间段的时间状语(如含since/for引导的时间状语)，则谓语只能用延续性动词。
e.g: Mr. Smith has learned Chinese for two years.
②【拓展】在否定结构中，短暂性动词可以与since和for引导的时间状语连用。
e.g: I haven’t received his letter for a long time.
4、延续性动词与短暂性动词
2、延续性动词与非延续性动词的转换：
短暂性动词不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用，需要进行转化。
① 短暂性动词→延续性动词：
buy 买→have 有　 borrow 借→keep 保留　
put on 穿上→wear 穿着 come/go/become 来/去/变成→be 在/是
e.g: I have borrowed this book for 5 days.
I have kept this book for 5 days.
② 短暂性动词→be+名词：
join 参加→ be a member of 成为…的成员 go to school去上学→be a student成为一名学生
e.g： I have joined the army since last year.
I have been a member of the army since last year.
4、延续性动词与短暂性动词
③ 短暂性动词→be+形容词：
die 死亡→be dead 死了 finish 结束→be over 结束
begin 开始→be on 在上映/已开始 leave 离开→be away 远离的
fall asleep 入睡→be asleep 睡着的 marry 结婚→be married 已婚
e.g: The movie has begun for 5 minutes.
The movie has been on for 5 minutes.
④ 短暂性动词→be+介词短语：
go to school去上学→be in school在上学 join the army参军→be in the army在军队中
e.g: They have come to Beijing for 5 years.
They have been in Beijing for 5 years.
5、易混淆点辨析
1、have been to / have gone to / have been in的区别：
词组 意思 用法 例句
have been to 曾经去过（现已回来） 可接次数 He has been to Beijing 3 times.
他去过北京三次。
have gone to 到某地去了（尚未回来;说话时当事人不在场） 通常不用第一人称 She’s not here. She has gone to Qingdao.
她不在这里，她去了青岛。
have been in/at 在某地呆了多长时间 常接时间段 He has been in London for half a year.
他在伦敦呆了半年。
【注意】当have been to后面接副词，如here, there, home时，to要省略：
e.g：You said that Hangzhou is very beautiful. Have you been there？
练一练
1、—Ben and Sue aren’t home，are they
—No. They ________ to London on business.
A. have gone　　 　B. go C. have been D. will go
2．The Great Wall is a place of interest. All of us ________ there before.
A．has been B．have been C．has gone D．have gone
3．—The Whites have ________ Hong Kong.
—Oh, really I have never ________ there before.
A．been to, gone B．gone to, been C．been to, gone to D．gone to, been to
4．—Have you ever ___________ to Caozhou Peony Garden
—Yes, I ___________ there last year.
A．been; went B．gone; went C．been; gone D．gone; been
5．—May I speak to Mr. Lee
—Sorry, he ________ Harbin. He ________ the city for two days.
A．has been to; has been in B．has gone to; has been to
C．has gone to; has been in D．has been to; has been to
A
B
B
A
C
5、易混淆点辨析
2、already、yet、just、never、ever用法区别：
用在现在完成时中，强调动作的完成，不强调动作的持续。
词组 意思 用法 例句
already 已经 用于肯定句中(放在have/has的后面) She has already found her bike.
她已经找到自行车了。
yet 还；已经 用于否定句和疑问句中（一般用在句末） I haven't done my homework yet.
我还没有做作业。
just 刚才 只用于肯定句(放在have/has的后面) I have just received a letter.
我刚才收到了一封信。
never 从不 用于否定句(放在 have/has的后面) I've never been to Belijing.
我从未去过北京。
ever 曾经 用于疑问句(放在 have/has的后面) Have you ever been to Bejing
你去过北京吗？
练一练
1. —Has your sister finished reading 　　　　？
—Yes. She has 　　　　 finished it.
A. yet； yet　 B. yet； already　 C. already； yet
2．—Have you finished your report ________
—Yes, I have ________ finished it.
A．yet; yet B．already; already C．already; yet D．yet; already
B
D
6、现在完成时与一般过去时
1、两者的区别：
现在完成时强调过去发生的事情和现在有关或者持续到现在，对现在有影响。
一般过去时仅表示动作发生在过去，与现在无关。
e.g： I have already bought this book, so I don’t need to go to the bookstore.
I bought this book yesterday.
2、【拓展】两者之间的互换：
由延续性动词构成的现在完成时的句子，可与短暂性动词构成的句子相互转换。
e.g: I have kept the book for five days.
＝I borrowed the book five days ago.
练一练
1．His father died ten years ago.
His father ________ ________ ________ for ten years.
has been dead
2．He came here a week ago.
He ________ ________ here since a week ago.
has been
3．The meeting began ten minutes ago. (同义句转换)
The meeting ________ ________ ________ for ten minutes.
has been on
7、动词不规则变化表
（详见教材P136-137）
7、动词不规则变化表
（详见教材P136-137）
练一练
1．—_______ have you stayed in China
—About two years.
A．How often B．How many C．How soon D．How long
2．—The poster says Iron Man 3 will be on this evening. Let’s go and see it.
—But I ________ it.
3．—Have you had lunch ______
—Yes, I have _______ had it.
A．yet; yet B．already; already C．yet; already D．already; yet
4．I _______ to the West Lake four times, but I will go there again this summer.
A．have gone B．have been C．went D．had gone
5．-The drama series The Thunder (破冰行动) hits screens these days.
-Oh. What a pity! I _________ any of them yet,
A．doesn't watch B．didn't watch C．won't watch D．haven't watched
D
C
C
B
D
练一练
6．—Huai’an is very beautiful. I _______ there last year.
—Yes, I ________ there twice.
A．went; have gone B．went; have been
C．have gone; went D．have been; went
7．—Where’s Mr. Yang
—He _____ Longquan Mountain in Danzhai. He _____ there three times because he enjoys the local scenery.
A．has gone to; has been B．has gone to; has gone to
C．has been to; has gone D．has been to; has been to
8．The Great Wall is a place of interest. All of us _______ there before.
A．has been B．have been C．has gone D．have gone
9．—Have you ever_______to Caozhou Peony Garden
—Yes,I________ there last year.
A．been;went B．gone；went C．been; gone
10．Premier Zhou _______ for many years, but he still lives in the hearts of Chinese people.
A．died B．was died C．has been dead D．has been died
B
A
B
A
C
练一练
11．Jack ________ Rose in 2000. That is to say, they ________ for nearly 23 years.
A．got married with; have got married B．got married to; have married
C．married; have been married D．married to; have been married
12．Last week I _______ a new bicycle. I ________ it for eight days.
A．have bought, bought B．bought, have bought
C．bought, bought D．bought, have had
13．—How long is it since he ______ this school
—He ______ for three years.
A．has left; has left B．left; has been away C．leaves; has left D．left; has left
14．—How long can we ______ these books
—For two weeks.
A．borrow B．lend C．keep D．Return
15．The Smith family have ________ the flat in the city ________ ten years ago.
A．bought, since B．bought, for C．had, since D．had, for
C
D
B
C
C
练一练
二、用所给单词的正确形式填空
1．________ Jack ________ (read) Robinson Crusoe before
2．He has the most beautiful blue eyes I have ever________.（see）
3．The writer is so popular that he ____ ___ (sell) more than 200,000 books so far.
4．Uncle Chen ____ ____（repair）more than five bicycles since last Friday.
5．Sandy borrowed the novel from the library last week and ____ ___ (keep) it for 5 days.
6．The old man _________ last year. He ______ ______for a year. (die)
Has read
seen
has sold
has repaired
has kept
died
has been dead
小 结

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