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2023-2024学年第二学期高二年级第二次段考
英语试卷
本试卷共 8 页。全卷满分 120 分。考试用时 120 分钟。
注意事项：
1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干
净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
3. 考试结束后，将答题卡交回。请不要褶皱答题卡，以免无法扫描。
第二部分 阅读 （共两节，满分 50分）
第一节 （共 15 小题； 每小题 2.5分，满分 37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
The museum first appeared in human civilization 2,500 years ago, which has been keeping
reinventing itself to become an interactive cultural center. Here are some of the museums worth
visiting. It’s time to decide your next travel destination.
The Musée du Louvre, Paris, France
It is the world’s largest art museum and a historical landmark of Paris. Housed in the Louvre
Palace, the museum has been extended many times since its opening in 1793. Its eye-catching glass
pyramid in the main courtyard was designed by Ieoh Ming Pei, a Chinese American architect, and it
later became a symbol of the museum.
Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, US
Commonly known as the Met, the museum is among the must-visit attractions in New York. It
stands on the eastern edge of Central Park. The Met maintains extensive holdings of African, Asian,
Oceanian, Byzantine and Islamic art. Every May, the museum holds the luxurious, blockbuster Met
Gala, grabbing global attention like the Oscars.
National Museum of China, Beijing, China
Near Tian’anmen Square in Beijing, it’s one of the largest museums in the world and the second
most visited art museum in the world, just after the Louvre. Covering a time span from 1.7 million
years ago to the Qing Dynasty, the museum boasts around 1.05 million items—and many cannot be
found in museums elsewhere.
Vatican Museums, the Vatican City
If you are into Roman history and Renaissance art, the Vatican Museums will be your ideal
destination. Along the exhibition route, visitors can enjoy the marvelous Sistine Chapel decorated by
Michelangelo and the Stanze di Raffaello decorated by Raphael.
1．What do we know about the Musée du Louvre
A．It is the oldest museum in the world. B．It was designed by Ieoh Ming Pei.
C．It has been rebuilt many times. D．It has an attractive glass pyramid.
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2．If you are into African culture, which museum should you visit
A．The Musée du Louvre. B．National Museum of China.
C．Metropolitan Museum of Art. D．Vatican Museums.
3．What do National Museum of China and Vatican Museums have in common
A．Both feature many ancient buildings. B．Both appeal to history fans.
C．Both have over one million items. D．Both offer exhibition routes.
B
Lionel Messi, who shone at the Qarta World Cup, is a well-known name even to those with no
interest in sports. Even though he is shorter than most of his teammates, he rises above his opponents
with adept skills and a legendary ability to score goals for his team.
Lionel Andres Messi was born on June 24, 1987, in the warm city of Rosario, Argentina. He was
the third child in a tight-knit (亲密的) hard-working family who loved football. Naturally, young Leo
developed a passion (热爱) for football himself.
At four years old, Leo joined the Grandoli local club, where he was coached by his father. When
he was eight, Leo joined the talented Newell Old Boys. Football soon became as important as the air
he breathed. Messi practiced day in and day out, skipping outings with his friends to train at home
before a game. The sport made him quite happy and motivated and he began to dream of becoming a
professional footballer.
But as he grew older, his height remained the same. His concerned parents eventually took their
11-year-old son to a doctor, who broke the news that the boy suffered from a growth hormone
deficiency (生长激素缺乏). This meant he was physically unable to grow unless he received special
treatment, which would last three years and cost $1, 500 per month.
Stories of a 13-year-old boy who had similar talents to legendary Argentinian footballer Diego
Maradona had reached the ears of FC Barcelona’s technical director, Carles Rexach. Intrigued, he
sent an offer to the Messi family. If he passed, the club would cover his medical bills, but on the
condition that Messi moved to Spain. So, in September 2000, Leo and his family uprooted their lives
and flew across the Atlantic to Barcelona.
Coach Carles was so impressed that he offered Leo a contract on the only thing he had at hand-a
paper napkin. Leo signed it, opening the door to the life he had always dreamed of.
4．What is the function of the first paragraph
A．To introduce the topic. B．To attract readers.
C．To advertise the World Cup. D．To share an experience.
5．Why did Messi want to become a professional footballer
A．He wanted to satisfy his father.
B．He had a great love for football.
C．He was good at playing football.
D．He wanted to prove his ability.
6．Which of the following can best describe Messi according to the text
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A．Generous and confident. B．Friendly and energetic.
C．Kind and responsible. D．Hardworking and talented.
7．What can we infer about Messi from the text
A．He was shorter than others when he was born.
B．He got support from his family to go after his dream.
C．Maradona once lent a helping hand to Messi.
D．Coach Charles believed Messi could be the next superstar.
C
Disastrous floods in eastern Libya killed at least 5,100 people, according to local authorities. The
disaster comes after a series of deadly floods around the world this month, from China to Brazil to
Greece. In every case, extremely heavy rain was to blame.
The enormous loss of life on many continents strengthens the extreme danger caused by
climate-driven rainstorms, and the need for better warning systems and basic facilities to protect the
most vulnerable (脆弱的) populations.
Climate change makes heavy rain more common, even in dry places where the total amount of
rainfall is small. That’s because a hotter atmosphere can hold more moisture. Everyday rainstorm, as
well as bigger storms such as hurricanes, are increasingly dangerous as a result. In Libya, a storm
called Daniel swept in from the Mediterranean over the weekend and resulted in a jaw-dropping 16
inches of rain in just 24 hour, according to the World Meteorological Organization. That is far too
much water for the ground to absorb, especially in a dry climate where the soil is dry and is less able
to suck up water quickly.
The massive amount of rain caused widespread flash flooding, and damaged at least one dam
near the coastal city of Derna. That released torrents of water powerful enough to sweep away entire
neighborhoods. In Brazil, flooding from a hurricane last week killed more than 20 people and left a
large piece of southern Brazil underwater. Cities around the world are hurrying to improve their basic
facilities to handle increasingly common heavy rain.
The disasters in the last two weeks also stress the vulnerability to climate change of people who
are not wealthy or who live in places that are at war. While extreme rain has caused floods around
the world recently, the number of the death is significantly higher in places where there isn’t money
or political will to maintain basic facilities and enough weather warning systems.
8．What led to the floods in Libya
A．Extreme rainfall. B．Wet climate.
C．Severe hurricane. D．Broken facilities.
9．What does the underlined phrase “suck up” in paragraph 3 probably mean
A．Separate. B．Supply. C．Store. D．Absorb.
10．How do the floods affect people
A．They lead to people’s union. B．They cost people their lives.
C．They inspire people to struggle. D．They make people become strong.
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11．What is the text mainly about
A．Floods linked to climate change. B．Floods in Libya and their causes.
C．The needs of disaster preparedness. D．Climate change impact on poor areas.
D
Building artificial intelligences that sleep and dream can lead to more dependable models,
according to researchers who aim to mimic (模仿) the behavior of the human brain.
Concetto Spampinato and his research members at the University of Catania, Italy, were
looking for ways to avoid a phenomenon known as “disastrous forgetting”, where an AI model
trained to do a new task loses the ability to carry out jobs it previously excelled at. For instance, a
model trained to identify animals could learn to spot different fish species, but then might lose its
ability to recognize birds. They developed a method of training AI called Wake-Sleep Consolidated
Learning (WSCL), which mimics the way that our brains reorganize short-term memories of daily
learning when we are asleep.
Besides the usual training for the “awake” phase, models using WSCL are programmed to have
periods of “sleep”, where they analyze awake data from earlier lessons. This is similar to human
spotting connections and patterns while sleeping.
WSCL also has a period of “dreaming”, which involves novel data made from combining
previous concepts. This helps to integrate previous paths of digital “neurons (神经元)”, freeing up
space for future concepts. It also prepares unused neurons with patterns that will help them pick up
new lessons more easily.
The researchers tested three AI models using a traditional training method, followed by WSCL
training. Then they compared performances for image identification. The sleep-trained models were
2 to 12 percent more likely to correctly identify the contents of an image. They also measured an
increase in how much old knowledge a model uses to learn a new task.
Despite the results, Andrew Rogoyski at the University of Surrey, UK, says using the human
brain as a blueprint isn’t necessarily the best way to boost AI performance. Instead, he suggests
mimicking dolphins, which can “sleep” with one part of the brain while another part remains active.
After all, an AI that requires hours of sleep isn’t ideal for commercial applications.
12．WSCL was developed to help improve AI’s ______.
A．reliability B．creativity C．security D．popularity
13．What do models using WSCL do during the “sleeping” periods
A．Generate new data. B．Process previous data.
C．Receive data for later analysis. D．Save data for the “awake” phase.
14．What is paragraph 5 mainly about
A．The application of WSCL. B．The benefits of AI research.
C．The findings of the research. D．The underlying logic of WSCL.
15．Which best describes Andrew’s attitude towards the sleep-trained models
A．Cautious. B．Prejudiced. C．Pessimistic. D．Unconcerned.
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第二节 （ 共 5小题； 每小题 2.5分，满分 12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余
项。
Research has shown that mindful eating has positive impacts on people, so it’s beneficial to
know how to eat more mindfully. Here are some techniques for eating at a healthy pace.
Remove all distractions while you eat. 16 Make sure your cell phone is face down
and you’re not going to be responding to any messages that come through.
Take enough time to finish your meal. Even with all distractions removed, very often you still
find yourself eating faster than you should. 17 It takes about that time for your body to get
the signal to the brain that you are full.
18 You might wonder how to spend 20 whole minutes eating a sandwich. One way
to slowdown is to engage your senses and think through all the details about your meal. Ask yourself:
What’s on my plate How hungry am I today Is it too salty Notice the smell, the taste and whatever
other senses that arise as you eat.
Limit the amount of the food you might munch on(大口吃) mindlessly. Put a small amount of
snack food, like potato chips, in a separate bowl to help avoid mindless munching. 19
Putting aside some of the food can help you eat less at a healthier pace.
Actually chew. If you’re wolfing down(狼吞虎咽) your food you’re probably not chewing it.
And chewing is an important part of digestion. 20 Look at each bite before putting it into
your mouth, acknowledge what you’re eating and chew, chew, chew.
A．Notice all the little details about your food.
B．Limit your time for a meal within 20 minutes.
C．It helps break up the foods so it’s easier for absorption.
D．Watch out for your food intake and the time you spend on it.
E．When you sit down to eat, spend at least 20 minutes doing so.
F．If you have a whole bag of it, it is challenging to stop after several bites.
G．They can limit your ability to enjoy your food and notice when you are full.
第三部分 语言运用 （共三节，满分 30分）
第一节（共 15小题； 每小题 1分，满分 15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
While so many birds visit our leafy garden every year, it’s the pair of tawny frogmouths (茶色夜
鹰) that have been returning for years to 21 their young that bring the most excitement.
It’s been wonderful to observe how both parents take on the 22 duty of caring for their
young.
Last summer the frogmouth family, parents and two babies, was 23 sitting in a tree
close to our back deck 24 the late afternoon sunshine. With little 25 , dark
clouds emerged, and 26 rain began to fall.
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At first the birds seemed to enjoy the rain and moved out along the branch, fluffing up (抖开)
their feathers to 27 the wet weather. But within minutes, day turned to night. Dark clouds
brought a 28 heavy storm; crashing thunder and blinding lightning, wild winds and
driving rain turned the garden into a(n) 29 place for the little family.
Through the flashes of lightning, we watched in 30 as the parents guided their
young back along the branch until they were all gathered close to the tree trunk, both parents
spreading their wings over their young to 31 them from the rain. When the storm
passed, the family walked 32 out along the branch and spread their wings to enjoy the
sunshine.
When I look up at the pair of tawny frogmouths who continue to 33 our garden, I
know I’m not just looking at 34 parents, but very 35 ones.
21．A．monitor B．save C．raise D．teach
22．A．painful B．risky C．simple D．serious
23．A．happily B．nervously C．hungrily D．bravely
24．A．avoiding B．enjoying C．expecting D．following
25．A．chance B．hope C．reporting D．warning
26．A．light B．heavy C．freezing D．seasonal
27．A．pay attention to B．keep track of C．get rid of D．take advantage of
28．A．late B．slow C．sudden D．perfect
29．A．attractive B．unsafe C．hiding D．unimportant
30．A．amazement B．horror C．embarrassment D．regret
31．A．remove B．distract C．protect D．separate
32．A．quietly B．away C．back D．sleepily
33．A．visit B．decorate C．approach D．clean
34．A．restless B．devoted C．shy D．determined
35．A．proud B．lucky C．demanding D．wise
第二节（共 10小题； 每小题 1.5分，满分 15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The World Health Organization (WHO) has announced a shocking finding about the air we
breathe. It has found that almost everyone on Earth breathes unhealthy air. The WHO made 36
(it) air quality update ahead of World Health Day on April 7. The update reported that 99 per cent of
the world’s population breathes air 37 goes beyond WHO air quality limits. It looked at data
from over 6,000 cities in 117 countries. People 38 (live) in lower- and middle-income
countries breathe the poorest-quality air. Millions of people die in these countries because of
pollution-related diseases. The WHO said: “After surviving a pandemic, it is unacceptable to still
have 7 million preventable deaths due 39 air pollution.”
The WHO said its report highlighted the need to move away from fossil fuels. It asked
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governments to do more 40 (reduce) levels of air pollution. It said: “Current energy
concerns highlight the importance of speeding up the transition to cleaner and 41 (healthy)
energy systems.” It added that high gas prices, energy 42 (secure), the dangers of air pollution,
and climate change mean the world must be less dependent on fossil fuels. The WHO report 43
(include) many recommendations for change. One of these is 44 use of clean energy for
cooking, heating and lighting. Another is to “build safe and affordable public transport systems and
pedestrian- and cycle-friendly 45 (network)”.
第四部分 写作（共两节 满分 40分）
第一节（满分 15分）
46．劳动是我国的传统美德。假定你是李华，你校将举办劳动教育活动周，请以“Labor -A
Traditional Virtue”为主题，写一篇演讲稿，内容包括：
1.一次劳动体验；
2.你对劳动的理解。
注意：
1.写作词数应为 80左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Good morning, everyone.
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第二节（满分 25分）
47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写
的词数应为 150左右。
When I was young, I always dreamed of playing the piano and giving performances to a large
audience in a concert hall. However, I struggled to understand the musical notes and the theory.
Despite my parents’ encouragement and offer of piano lessons, I pretended not to be interested, too
afraid to try.
Many years passed until one day, at 25 years old, I heard that a new piano studio had opened in
my neighborhood. The teacher was recruiting (招收 ) new students. My childhood dream came
flooding back.
I remembered I had initially feared becoming a teacher after graduation. However, I overcame
those doubts. I refused to let fear hold me back any longer, so I walked into the studio.
The teacher, Deb, welcomed me warmly. I was relieved to find we were contemporaries (同时
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代的人) and expressed my desire to play the works of Bach and Beethoven if I could overcome my
fear. Deb understood and seemed sincere, so I signed up for 3 months of classes. Still doubtful about
my commitment, I bought a small, tabletop electric organ to practice with at home. It wasn’t the
same as a real piano, but enabled me to learn some basics.
Week by week, I attended lessons in Deb’s studio. I often passed young students on their way
out from their lessons before mine. One day, noticing the textbooks in my bag, a child stopped me
and asked, “Where’s your boy ” After some hesitation, I finally answered I was the student. The
children then welcomed me and I sat in the studio and listened to a piece a child was working on.
Soon, I gained confidence and upgraded to a full-size piano at home for daily practice. After
three rewarding years of lessons with Deb, she announced it was time for me and other students to
prepare for a recital (钢琴演奏会 ) on stage. I was thrilled at the chance to finally fulfill my
childhood dream, yet also anxious at the thought of performing before the audience. But Deb
believed in me. “Look how far you’ve come,” she encouraged. “It’s time to share your gift with
others.”
Paragraph 1:
I shook my head and told her, “No, thanks.”
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Paragraph 2:
When I finally finished my performance, I faced the audience and bowed.
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2023-2024学年第二学期高二年级第二次段考
参考答案：
1．D 2．C 3．B
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了世界上值得参观的四家博物馆。
1．细节理解题。根据文章 The Musée du Louvre, Paris, France部分中的“Its eye-catching glass pyramid in the
main courtyard was designed by Ieoh Ming Pei, a Chinese American architect, and it later became a symbol of the
museum.(其主要庭院中引人注目的玻璃金字塔由美籍华人建筑师贝聿铭设计，后来成为博物馆的象征。)”
可知，卢浮宫美术馆的庭院中有个引人注目的玻璃金字塔。故选 D。
2．细节理解题。根据文章Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, US部分中的“The Met maintains extensive
holdings of African, Asian, Oceanian, Byzantine and Islamic art. (大都会博物馆收藏了大量非洲、亚洲、大洋洲、
拜占庭和伊斯兰艺术作品。)”可知，大都会博物馆收藏了非洲的艺术作品，由此可知，如果你对非洲的文化
感兴趣，可以去大都会博物馆。故选 C。
3．细节理解题。根据文章 National Museum of China, Beijing, China部分中的“Covering a time span from 1.7
million years ago to the Qing Dynasty, the museum boasts around 1.05 million items—and many cannot be found
in museums elsewhere.(从 170万年前到清朝，故宫拥有约 105万件藏品，其中许多在其他博物馆是找不到的。)”
以及 Vatican Museums, the Vatican City部分中的“If you are into Roman history and Renaissance art, the
Vatican Museums will be your ideal destination.(如果你对罗马历史和文艺复兴艺术感兴趣，梵蒂冈博物馆将是
你理想的目的地。)”可知，这两家博物馆的共同之处就是藏品历史悠久，因此会很受历史迷的欢迎。故选 B。
4．A 5．B 6．D 7．B
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了阿根廷球星梅西小时候的经历：梅西从小热爱足球，虽然身患生长
激素缺乏症，但仍然为了成为职业足球运动员而努力奋斗。
4．推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“Even though he is shorter than most of his teammates, he rises above his
opponents with adept skills and a legendary ability to score goals for his team. (尽管他比大多数队友都矮，但他凭
借娴熟的技术和为球队进球的超能力，超越了对手。)”可知，第一段介绍了梅西的基本情况，并指出虽然他
个子矮，但创造了奇迹，故本段写作目的是介绍主题并引出下文。故选 A项。
5．细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后一句“Naturally, young Leo developed a passion (热爱) for football himself.
(小里奥自然对足球产生了热情。)”及第三段最后一句“The sport made him quite happy and motivated and he
began to dream of becoming a professional footballer. (这项运动让他非常快乐和有动力，他开始梦想成为一名
职业足球运动员。)”可知，梅西对足球非常热爱，因此想成为一名职业足球运动员。故选 B项。
6．推理判断题。根据第三段倒数第二句“Messi practiced day in and day out, . skipping outings with his friends to
train at home before a game. (梅西每天都在练习，比赛前不和朋友们一起出去，而是在家训练。)”可知，梅西
一直勤奋地练习足球；根据第五段第一句 “Stories of a13-year-old boy who had similar talents to legendary
Argentinian footballer Diego Maradona had reached the ears of FC Barcelona’s technical director, Carles Rexach.
(巴塞罗那足球俱乐部的技术总监卡尔斯·雷克萨奇听到了一个 13岁男孩的故事，他拥有与阿根廷传奇足球
运动员迭戈·马拉多纳相似的天赋。)”可知，梅西是个很有天赋的足球运动员。故选 D项。
7．推理判断题。根据第五段最后一句“So, in September2000, Leo and his family uprooted their lives and flew
across the Atlantic to Barcelona. (于是，在 2000年 9月，里奥和他的家人离开了他们的生活，飞越大西洋来
到巴塞罗那。)”可知，为了梅西的梦想，一家人离开家乡，去往遥远的他乡，体现了对梅西的支持。故选 B。
8．A 9．D 10．B 11．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了气候变化导致暴雨更频繁，造成了洪水泛滥，给世界各地带来了
巨大的破坏和生命损失，我们需要建立更好的预警系统和基本设施来保护这些最脆弱的人群。
8．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Disastrous floods in eastern Libya killed at least 5,100 people, according to local
authorities. (据当地政府称，利比亚东部的灾难性洪水造成至少 5100人死亡)”和“In every case, extremely
heavy rain was to blame. (每一种情况都是极端暴雨造成的)”可知，利比亚的洪水是由极端降雨引起的。故选
A项。
9．词句猜测题。根据画线词的上文“That is far too much water for the ground to absorb, especially in a dry
climate where the soil is dry (这对土壤来说是太多的水，以至于无法吸收，尤其是在干燥气候下，干燥的土壤)”
可推知，极端降雨带来的大量的雨水本身就无法被土壤吸收，此处在进一步说明干燥气候下的土壤更难吸
收这些雨水，因此 suck up意思应该是“吸收”，与 absorb意思接近。故选 D项。
10．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The enormous loss of life on many continents strengthens the extreme danger
caused by climate-driven rainstorms (许多大陆上生命的巨大损失加剧了气候驱动的暴雨造成的极端危险)”以
及倒数第二段“In Brazil, flooding from a hurricane last week killed more than 20 people”（在巴西，上周飓风引
发的洪水造成 20多人死亡）可知，洪水夺去了人们的生命。故选 B项。
11．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段“The enormous loss of life on many continents strengthens the extreme
danger caused by climate-driven rainstorms, and the need for better warning systems and basic facilities to protect
the most vulnerable (脆弱的) populations. (许多大陆上生命的巨大损失加剧了气候驱动的暴雨造成的极端危
答案第 1页，共 4页
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险，需要更好的预警系统和基本设施来保护最脆弱的人群)”可知，文章主要围绕气候变化带来的更频繁的暴
雨造成的洪水展开，说明洪水给世界各地带来了巨大的破坏和生命损失，而我们需要建立更好的预警系统
和基本设施来保护这些最脆弱的人群。因此，A项“与气候变化有关的洪水”符合文章大意。故选 A项。
12．A 13．B 14．C 15．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了为了帮助提高 AI的可靠性，研究人员开发了一种训练人工智能
的方法，称为“醒—睡联合学习（WSCL）”，它模仿我们的大脑在睡觉时重组日常学习的短期记忆的方式。
12．细节理解题。根据第一段“Building artificial intelligences that sleep and dream can lead to more dependable
models, according to researchers who aim to mimic (模仿) the behavior of the human brain.(据旨在模仿人类大脑
行为的研究人员称，构建睡眠和做梦的人工智能可以产生更可靠的模型)”可知，开发WSCL是为了帮助提
高 AI的可靠性。故选 A。
13．细节理解题。根据第三段“Besides the usual training for the “awake” phase, models using WSCL are
programmed to have periods of “sleep”, where they analyze awake data from earlier lessons.(除了通常的“清醒”阶
段的训练之外，使用WSCL的模型还被编程为有“睡眠”阶段，在那里它们分析来自早期课程的清醒数据)”
可知，使用WSCL的模型在“睡眠”期间处理之前的数据。故选 B。
14．主旨大意题。根据第五段“The researchers tested three AI models using a traditional training method, followed
by WSCL training. Then they compared performances for image identification. The sleep-trained models were 2 to
12 percent more likely to correctly identify the contents of an image. They also measured an increase in how much
old knowledge a model uses to learn a new task.(研究人员使用传统的训练方法测试了三个人工智能模型，然后
进行了WSCL训练。然后，他们比较了图像识别的表现。经过睡眠训练的模型正确识别图像内容的可能性
要高出 2%到 12%。他们还测量了模型在学习新任务时使用的旧知识的增加)”可知，第 5段的主要内容是研
究的结果。故选 C。
15．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Despite the results, Andrew Rogoyski at the University of Surrey, UK, says using
the human brain as a blueprint isn’t necessarily the best way to boost AI performance. Instead, he suggests
mimicking dolphins, which can “sleep” with one part of the brain while another part remains active. After all, an AI
that requires hours of sleep isn’t ideal for commercial applications.(尽管取得了这些成果，英国萨里大学的安德
鲁·罗戈伊斯基表示，使用人类大脑作为蓝图并不一定是提高人工智能性能的最佳方式。相反，他建议模仿
海豚，海豚可以在大脑的一部分“睡觉”时，另一部分保持活跃。毕竟，需要长时间睡眠的人工智能并不适合
商业应用)”可知，安德鲁对睡眠训练模特是谨慎态度。故选 A。
16．G 17．E 18．A 19．F 20．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了一些健康饮食的技巧。
16．根据上文“Remove all distractions while you eat. (吃饭时排除一切干扰。)”可知，本句承接上文说明“吃饭
时排除一切干扰”这么做的原因。故 G选项“它们会限制你享受食物的能力，也会限制你注意到自己已经吃
饱了。”符合语境，故选 G。
17．根据上文“Take enough time to finish your meal. Even with all distractions removed, very often you still find
yourself eating faster than you should. (花足够的时间吃完你的饭。即使排除了所有的干扰，你仍然经常发现
自己吃得比你应该吃的快。)”以及后文“It takes about that time for your body to get the signal to the brain that
you are full. (大约需要这段时间，你的身体才会向大脑发出你吃饱了的信号。)”可知，本句主要针对吃饭花
费的时间提出建议。故 E选项“当你坐下来吃饭时，至少花 20分钟这样做。”符合语境，故选 E。
18．根据本段内容“You might wonder how to spend 20 whole minutes eating a sandwich. One way to slowdown is
to engage your senses and think through all the details about your meal. Ask yourself: What’s on my plate How
hungry am I today Is it too salty Notice the smell, the taste and whatever other senses that arise as you eat. (你可
能想知道如何花整整 20分钟吃一个三明治。放慢速度的一种方法是调动你的感官，仔细考虑你吃饭的所有
细节。问问你自己：我的盘子里有什么？我今天有多饿？是不是太咸了？注意你吃东西时产生的气味、味
道和其他感觉。)”可知，后文提到注意你吃东西时产生的气味、味道和其他感觉，即建议注意食物的细节。
故 A选项“注意食物的所有细节。”符合语境，故选 A。
19．根据上文“Put a small amount of snack food, like potato chips, in a separate bowl to help avoid mindless
munching. (把少量的零食，如薯片，放在一个单独的碗里，以帮助避免无意识地咀嚼。)”可知，上文建议把
零食单独放在一个碗里，可知本句承接上文，说明这么做的原因。故 F选项“如果你有一整袋，吃几口就停
止是很困难的。”符合语境，故选 F。
20．根据上文“And chewing is an important part of digestion. (咀嚼是消化的重要组成部分。)”可知，上文提到
了咀嚼的重要性，可知本句说明咀嚼的作用。故 C选项“它有助于分解食物，这样更容易被吸收。”符合语
境，故选 C。
21．C 22．D 23．A 24．B 25．D 26．A 27．D 28．C 29．B 30．A 31．C
32．C 33．A 34．B 35．D
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要描述了一对茶色夜鹰在作者家花园中抚养幼崽的情景，特别是在一
场暴风雨中如何保护幼崽的经过。
21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：每年都有许多鸟类来到我们绿树成荫的花园，但最令人兴奋的是那对茶色
夜鹰年复一年地回来抚养它们的幼鸟。A. monitor监督；B. save挽救；C. raise提高、抚养；D. teach教。根
答案第 2页，共 4页
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据下文“It’s been wonderful to observe how both parents take on the ____2____ duty of caring for their young.”可
知，空处指的是这对茶色夜鹰每年都会回来抚养幼鸟。故选 C。
22．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：观察这对父母如何肩负起照顾幼鸟的重任，真是太好了。A. painful痛苦
的；B. risky冒险的；C. simple 简单的；D. serious严重的、认真的。根据下文内容可知，这对父母非常认真
地履行着照顾幼鸟的责任。故选 D。
23．考查副词词义辨析。句意：去年夏天，夜鹰一家，父母和两只幼鸟，快乐地坐在靠近我们后甲板的一
棵树上，享受着傍晚的阳光。A. happily开心地；B. nervously紧张地；C. hungrily饥饿地；D. bravely勇敢
地。根据下文“sitting in a tree close to our back deck ____4____ the late afternoon sunshine.”可知，夜鹰一家是
开心地坐在树上享受傍晚的阳光。故选 A。
24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：去年夏天，夜鹰一家，父母和两只幼鸟，快乐地坐在靠近我们后甲板的一
棵树上，享受着傍晚的阳光。A. avoiding避免；B. enjoying享受；C. expecting期待；D. following 追随。根
据上文的内容“Last summer the frogmouth family, parents and two babies, was ____3____ sitting in a tree close to
our back deck”可知，夜鹰一家是在享受阳光。故选 B。
25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：没有什么预兆，乌云密布，细雨开始飘落。A. chance机会；B. hope希望；
C. reporting报道；D. warning警告，预告。根据“dark clouds emerged”以及上文“夜鹰一家在享受阳光”可知，
这场雨来得没有预兆。故选 D。
26．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：没有什么预兆，乌云密布，细雨开始飘落。A. light轻的、细微的；B. heavy
重的；C. freezing冰冻的；D. seasonal季节的、周期性的。根据下文“At first the birds seemed to enjoy the rain
and moved out along the branch, fluffing up(抖开) their feathers to ____7____ the wet weather.”可知，最初雨并不
大，所以鸟儿还是很享受这场雨的。故选 A。
27．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：起初，鸟儿们似乎很享受这场雨，它们沿着树枝飞出去，抖开羽毛以
利用潮湿的天气。A. pay attention to注意；B. keep track of追踪……；记录；C. get rid of避免；D. take advantage
of利用。根据空前的“fluffing up(抖开) their feathers”可知，鸟儿刚开始很享受雨水，所以是利用潮湿的天气。
故选 D。
28．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：乌云带来了突如其来的暴风雨；雷鸣电闪，狂风暴雨，使花园变成了这
个小家庭不安全的地方。A. late迟的、晚的；B. slow缓慢的；C. sudden突然的；D. perfect完美的。更有上
文“But within minutes, day turned to night.”可推测，几分钟之内，细雨就变成了暴雨，由此可知，这场暴风雨
是突然爆发的。故选 C。
29．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：乌云带来了突如其来的暴风雨；雷鸣电闪，狂风暴雨，使花园变成了这
个小家庭不安全的地方。A. attractive有吸引力的；B. unsafe不安全的；C. hiding躲藏的；D. unimportant不
重要的。根据上文“crashing thunder and blinding lightning, wild winds and driving rain”可推测，此时的花园对
夜鹰一家是不安全的。故选 B。
30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在闪电的照耀下，我们惊奇地看到父母带着他们的孩子沿着树枝往回走，
直到它们都聚集在树干附近，父母都把翅膀张开在它们的孩子身上，保护它们免受雨水的伤害。A. amazement
惊异；B. horror恐怖；C. embarrassment尴尬；D. regret遗憾、后悔。根据下文“as the parents guided their young
back along the branch until they were all gathered close to the tree trunk, both parents spreading their wings over
their young to ____11____ them from the rain.”可推测，作者一家看到这一切应该是感到很惊奇。考查短语：
in amazement，意为“惊奇地”，符合句意。故选 A。
31．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在闪电的照耀下，我们惊奇地看到父母带着他们的孩子沿着树枝往回走，
直到他们都聚集在树干附近，父母都把翅膀张开在它们的孩子身上，保护它们免受雨水的伤害。A. remove
去除；B. distract分散；C. protect保护；D. separate分隔。根据上文的“spreading their wings over their young”
可知，夜鹰父母将翅膀张开在幼鸟身上。根据常理可知，此举是为了保护幼鸟免受雨水的伤害。故选 C。
32．考查副词词义辨析。句意：暴风雨过去后，一家人沿着树枝走回来，展开翅膀享受阳光。A. quietly安
静地；B. away远离；C. back向后，回来；D. sleepily懒散地。根据上文内容可知，大雨来临时，夜鹰一家
是沿着树枝来到树干处。而此时，暴风雨过去后，夜鹰一家又回来享受阳光。故选 C。
33．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我抬头看着那对继续造访我们花园的茶色夜鹰时，我知道我看到的不仅
仅是尽职尽责的父母，还有非常明智的父母。A. visit参观、拜访；B. decorate装饰；C. approach接近、解
决；D. clean清理。考查原词重现，根据文章第一段“While so many birds visit our leafy garden every year”可
知，空处指的是“拜访”，即“visit”。故选 A。
34．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我抬头看着那对继续造访我们花园的茶色夜鹰时，我知道我看到的不
仅仅是尽职尽责的父母，还有非常明智的父母。A. restless不安宁的；B. devoted投入的；C. shy害羞的；D.
determined坚定的。根据上文内容可知，这对夜鹰父母非常尽职尽责地在抚育幼鸟。故选 B。
35．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我抬头看着那对继续造访我们花园的茶色夜鹰时，我知道我看到的不
仅仅是尽职尽责的父母，还有非常聪明的父母。A. proud自豪的；B. lucky 幸运的；C. demanding要求高的；
D. wise明智的、聪明的。根据上文内容可知，暴风雨来临时，这对夜鹰父母将鸟带到树干处，并张开翅膀
保护幼鸟。由此可知，这对夜鹰父母非常聪明。故选 D。
36．its 37．that/which 38．living 39．to 40．to reduce 41．healthier/more healthy
42．security 43．included 44．the 45．networks
答案第 3页，共 4页
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【导语】这是一篇说明文。世界卫生组织表示地球上几乎每个人都呼吸着不健康的空气，并且该组织还提
出了一些能有效缓解空气污染的方法。
36．考查代词。句意：世界卫生组织在 4月 7日世界卫生日之前更新了空气质量。分析句子结构可知，空
处应使用形容词性物主代词 its，在句中作定语修饰 air quality。故填 its。
37．考查定语从句。句意：最新报告称，世界上 99%的人口呼吸的空气超出了世卫组织的空气质量限制。
分析句子结构可知，该句为限定性定语从句，先行词是 air，指物，且从句中缺少主语成分，因此可使用关
系代词 that/which引导。故填 that或 which。
38．考查非谓语动词。句意：生活在低收入和中等收入国家的人们呼吸着质量最差的空气。分析句子结构
可知，句中已有谓语 breathe，空处需使用非谓语动词，且主语 people与 live 之间是逻辑上的主动关系，因
此需使用现在分词，作定语，表示主动。故填 living。
39．考查介词。句意：世界卫生组织表示:“在经历了一场大流行之后，仍然有 700万人死于空气污染，这是
不可接受的。”分析句子结构可知，此处是固定短语 due to，意为“由于；因为”，to是介词。故填 to。
40．考查非谓语动词。句意：它要求各国政府采取更多措施降低空气污染水平。分析句子结构可知，此处
表示目的，空处可使用不定式，在句中作目的状语。故填 to reduce。
41．考查形容词比较级。句意：报告称:“当前的能源担忧凸显了加快向更清洁、更健康的能源系统过渡的重
要性。”分析句子结构可知，and前后连接的词应在词性、比较级等方面保持一致，且此处表示“更健康的”，
因此需使用其比较级形式，healthy的比较级为 healthier或 more healthy。故填 healthier或 more healthy。
42．考查名词。句意：报告补充说，高昂的天然气价格、能源安全、空气污染的危险以及气候变化意味着
世界必须减少对化石燃料的依赖。分析句子结构可知，空处与 high gas prices和 the dangers of air pollution
为并列关系，因此空处需使用其名词形式，security“安全”是不可数名词。故填 security。
43．考查动词时态。句意：世卫组织的报告包括许多改革建议。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中需作谓语，
主语 The WHO与 include之间是逻辑上的主动关系，且全文使用了一般过去时，为保证时态一致性，空处
也应使用一般过去时。故填 included。
44．考查定冠词。句意：其中之一是使用清洁能源做饭、取暖和照明。分析句子结构可知，此处是固定短
语 the use of，意为“使用……”。故填 the。
45．考查名词复数。句意：另一个目标是“建立安全、负担得起的公共交通系统，以及行人和自行车友好型
交通网络”。分析句子结构可知，此处“行人和自行车友好型交通网络”表示复数的概念，因此需使用其复数
形式。故填 networks。
46．范文
Good morning, everyone.
Aiming to cultivate our spirit of labor, our school will kick off a meaningful Labor Education Week. Here, it's
my great honor to deliver a speech whose title is "Labor-A Traditional Virtue".
Our school will organize various labor practice activities, ranging from gardening,cooking to handicrafts. I had
once an opportunity to participate in such a labor experience program organized by our class. We spent a whole day
working at a local farm, planting vegetables, and doing various physical tasks. Although it was tiring, I felt a great
sense of accomplishment at the end of the day. Through this experience, I gained a deeper understanding of the
value of labor. Labor not only helps us develop a strong work ethic but also teaches us essential life skills such as
teamwork, responsibility, and perseverance.
Labor is a traditional virtue that embodies the cultural essence of Chinese nation..Let’s take action and create a
brighter future with our hands and wisdom.Thank you for your attention.
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。劳动是我国的传统美德。假定你是李华，你校将举办劳动教育活动周，
请以“Labor -A Traditional Virtue”为主题，写一篇演讲稿。
47．Paragraph 1:
I shook my head and told her, “No, thanks.” Deb insisted, saying it would be a valuable experience for me to
perform on stage. After much persuasion, I finally agreed. After days of hard practice, I bravely sat on stage
between kids, as the only adult. After the fourth child played, I was introduced. My heart raced as I positioned my
fingers over the keys before the large audience. I took a deep breath and began to play. Soon I became fully
absorbed in the music, my fingers gliding smoothly over the keys.
Paragraph 2:
When I finally finished my performance, I faced the audience and bowed. Applause rocked the hall, which
was the appreciation of my playing and performing on stage. The audience, including my proud parents and friends,
rose to their feet clapping. Many took photos to capture the moment. I smiled broadly and took two more bows. If I
had given in to my fear, I’d have missed this wonderful experience. I was so glad I finally achieved my childhood
dream, thanks to my courage, determination, and my teacher Deb’s encouragement.
【导语】文章以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者小时候一直梦想着弹钢琴，在音乐厅为很多观众表演。然而，
自己却不敢尝试。在 25岁的时候，家附近开了一家钢琴工作室。在那里，作者遇到了 Deb老师，在跟着老
师一起上了三年卓有成效的课后，她宣布是时候让作者和其他学生准备在舞台上的独奏会了。作者为终于
有机会实现儿时的梦想而激动不已，但一想到要在观众面前表演，也感到很焦虑。
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