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高考专题：语法填空答题技巧&语法填空练习&解析
语法填空
该题型以语篇为载体，旨在考查考生在阅读理解的基础上对语法的掌握情况。文章长度在200词左右，分为有提示词和无提示词两种形式。
一、 有提示词
1. 考查名词
对名词的考查通常分两种情况：一是考查名词的复数，二是考查词性转换。
2. 考查动词
主要考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致以及非谓语动词。非谓语动词涉及不定式、动名词及分词形式。
3. 考查形容词/副词
主要涉及形容词与副词的转换、形容词与副词的比较级、加前缀或后缀转变词义或词性、以-ing和-ed结尾的形容词的用法以及由语境判断填形容词或副词等。
4. 考查代词
语法填空对代词的考查主要是人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、不定代词以及it的用法。
二、 无提示词
1. 考查冠词
a/an表泛指，the表特指。对冠词的考查主要体现在固定搭配中。
2. 考查介词
对介词的考查比较简单，主要考查常用介词的基本用法以及一些习惯搭配。
3. 考查连词
常用的连词有and, but, yet, so, for等，常用的关联词有both...and, either...or, neither...nor, not only...but (also), not...but等。此考点中and表示顺接关系，but, yet表示转折关系，so表示因果关系，for表示原因。
4. 考查状语从句
对状语从句的考查，主要是从属连词。
5. 考查定语从句
对定语从句的考查主要是考查关系词。解题的关键是先找出先行词，然后判断关系词在定语从句中所作的成分。
6. 考查名词性从句
名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。对名词性从句的考查主要是考查连接词。根据空格处所缺的单词在句中所作的句子成分，判断需要什么样的连接词。
语法填空训练&解析
语法填空专项训练
(1)
Energy drinks are supposed to do just ___1____the name implies-- giveyou an extra burst of energy, As it turns out, most of that “energy” comesfom two main ingredients (成分): sugar and cafteine. A typical energydrink can contain up to 80 mg ofcafieine. _____2_____(compare) with energydrinks, the average 12-ounce soda contains 18 to 48 mg of cafifeine. They ____3_____(design) for students, athletes and anyone else who wants an extra.energy kick.
Energy drinks became popular in Asia long before they reached theUnited States. In 1962, Taisho,a Japanese company, ____4_____(make) itsLipovitan D drink public. It was designed ____5_____(help) employees work
本文的语篇类型是说明文，主题语境是人与社会。本文主要介绍了功能性饮料的历史及利弊。
what。此处what引导宾语从句，并在宾语从句中作宾语。
2. Compared。compared with…意为“与……相比”。
3.are designed。They与design之间是被动关系，故用被动语态；根据语境可知，此处用一般现在时，故填are designed。
4.made。根据本空前的In 1962可知，此处应用一般过去时。
5. to help。此处为不定式短语作目的状语。
6. to。a trip to…意为“……之旅”。
7. marketing。V-ing形式作介词of的宾语。
8. distribution。根据空前its可知，此处应填distribute的名词形式distribution，意为“分销”。
9. but。前后内容之间为转折关系，故用but。
10. anxious。此处应用其形容词形式作宾语补足语。
(2)
Taking at least twenty minutes out of your day to wander or sit innature will ____1___(great) lower your stress levels.For the first time ever, researchers have conducted ___2____piece ofresearch on the most eflective dose (剂量) ofan urban nature experience tolessen the effects of modern stress. Doctors can use this ____3_____(discover)to prescribe “nature pills” with the knowledge that they have a realmeasurable efect.
“Previously, it was ___4____(certain) how much was enough, how oftento do it or even what kind of nature experience would benefit us,” saysDr. Mary Carol Hunter, an associate professor at the University of Michigan. “Our study Michigan. “Our study shows that for the greatest payoff, in terms ___5____efrectively lowering levels of stress, you should spend 20 to 30minutes sitting or walking ina place ___6____provides you with a sense ofnature.”’
Nature pills could be a low-cost wayof ___7______(reduce) negativehealth effects____8____(cause) by urbanization and indoor lifestyles. Toprovide meaningful results of what exactly to prescribe, Hunter and hercolleagues ____9____(design) an experiment which was original in many ___10_____(aspect). Hunter hopes this study will form the basis of furtherresearch in this area.
本文的语篇类型是说明文，主题语境是人与自然。一项研究表明：与大自然接触20分钟能显著降低人们的压力水平。
greatly。此处应用其副词形式greatly修饰动词lower。
a。a piece of research意为“一项研究”。
discovery。根据空前的this可知，此处应用其名词形式discovery。
uncertain。设空处作表语，且根据语境可知，过去有关自然疗法的很多内容都是不确定的，故填uncertain。
of。in terms of是固定搭配，意为“就……而言”。
that/which。设空处引导限制性定语从句，且在从句中作主语，故填that/which。7. reducing。此处应用V-ing形式作介词of的宾语。
8.caused。caused by urbanization and indoor lifestyles为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰negative health effects，且cause与negative health effects之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故填caused。
9.designed。根据语境以及空后的was可知，此处用一般过去时。
10. aspects。根据空前many可知，此处应用其复数形式。
（3）
高考阅读填空专项训练
Some people's love for writing begins at an early age. However,they have to set aside their enthusiasm to go after other careers (职业).___1____Here are some tips on how to be in love with writing once again.
Find some inspirations. Every creative idea needs to be inspired ona regular basis. ___2____There are some things you can do to help you find good ideas and step beyond your self-doubt. These include reading orlistening to your favorite authors, taking part in relevant events, buildingconnections with fellow writers, and more.
___3____After finding the inspirations, you should consider these things.What do you want to do about your enthusiasm Do you want to write abook Do you want to start a blog (博客) where you can post your dailywritings By having these aims, you will be constantly reminded of whyyou choose to write firstly. They also help you stay focused and keep youfrom giving up.
Put in time. Enthusiasms, just like relationships, need time and attention. If you want to relight your enthusiasm for writing, then you needto put in time to get it burning once again, Make writing your priority(优先事项) as much as possible. ___4____
Go exploring. To keep a lasting love for writing, you have to bewilling to continuously find out more about writing. ___5____Thus, you canhave a better understanding of writing.A. Set some goals.
B. Just write out of interest.
C. Guidance is the direction you advance in.
D. Some want to rediscover their passion later.
E, Inspirations are what keep you going after your dreams.
F. This means you need to explore the many forms, styles and types ofwriting.
G. Yet you shouldn't force yourself to write words, as doing so can onlylead to tiredness.
本文的语篇类型是说明文，主题语境是人与自我之生活与学习。一些人从小就喜欢写作。然而，他们不得不抛开他们热衷的事情去从事其他职业。那么如何重拾早年对写作的热爱呢？本文给出了几点建议。
1. D。空前指出一些人不得不抛开他们对写作的热爱去从事其他职业，空后指出再次爱上写作的一些建议。由此可知，此处应指一些人后来对写作的想法。故选D。
2. E。空前指出每个创意都需要定期得到灵感，E项解释了灵感的作用。另外，E项中的Inspirations对应下一句中的good ideas。
3. A。根据该段中的What do you want to do about your enthusiasm … By having these aims可知，此段主要讲述需要设定目标，A项符合语境。
4. G。空前指出尽可能让写作成为你的优先事项。G项(但是不要强迫自己，因为这样做只会导致疲劳)承接上文内容，符合语境。
5. F。F项中的This指代空前提到的内容：为了保持对写作的持久热爱，你必须愿意不断地发现更多关于写作的东西。这意味着你需要探索多种写作形式、风格和类型。
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本文的语篇类型是说明文，主题语境是人与自我之做人与做事。本文主要介绍了提升自我幸福感的四种方法。
1. E。E项讲到幸福感的可习得性，与空后的So the following are four ways you can start practicing happiness today构成因果关系。故选E。
2. B。设空处为主旨句。该段主要强调了要对自己所摄取的信息有所选择，故选B项：Pay attention to what you digest。B项中的digest对应本段段尾处的consume。
3. D。空前与空后主要强调的内容为我们不能把快乐兼顾到生活中的所有人和事情，D项It’s time to look for opportunities to say no照应本段的主旨句Cut down on your “yeses”，在本空前后间起过渡作用。
4. G。G项对消极思想的不良影响进行了说明，解释了Train your mind to make positive substitutions的原因，其中的negativity对应空后的this mindset。故选G。
5. C。空前句子主要说明在感觉不开心时把注意力由自我转向他人的做法，C项中的that’s instant joy说明了这样做的好处，符合语境。

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