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浦东新区高三英语综合练习卷（三模）
2024. 5
第一卷
Ⅰ. Listening Comprehension (略)
II. Grammar and Vocabulary (20分)
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word: for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
In the fall of 1903, O. Henry was living in a room at the small Hotel Marty in New York City. He had published a few stories in local magazines, but was still relatively unknown when editors at the New York World newspaper sent a young reporter _____1_____ (track) down this mysterious writer. By the next day, O. Henry had an agreement with the newspaper to write one story a week for the magazine section of their Sunday edition. The World had _____2_____ (large) daily circulation in the world, and O. Henry’s stories about New York life became immensely popular. By the time he left the newspaper after less than three years, O. Henry had established his reputation _____3_____ a gifted storyteller and master of surprise endings.
O. Henry was the pen name used by William Sydney Porter, who was born in North Carolina. At the age of twenty, he moved to Texas. _____4_____ he held a variety of jobs, eventually becoming a bank teller. He married and became a reporter and columnist for the Houston Post. After a few years, his wife _____5_____ (diagnose) with a serious infectious disease, and he was accused of illegally taking the money of the bank where he worked. Some people have claimed _____6_____ he was stealing money to help pay his wife’s medical bills. O. Henry fled to Central America, but his wife was too ill to accompany him. Months later, _____7_____ her condition worsened, he returned and turned himself in to the police. His wife soon died, and O. Henry spent three years in prison in Ohio. It was during his time in prison that he began writing the stories that would make him famous. W. S. Porter _____8_____ (emerge) from prison as O. Henry.
In 1902 O. Henry moved to New York City and started trying to sell his stories. In a few years his luck changed for the better, and his position with the New York World helped make him a _____9_____ (celebrate) author. He published more than three hundred stories and gained worldwide acclaim. O. Henry’s writing is admired for its colorful and realistic depictions of the everyday lives of New Yorkers. His stories are known for their plot twists and surprise endings. In fact, O. Henry’s own life ended with a “twist” — his funeral was somehow scheduled in the same church at the same time as someone else’s wedding! The O. Henry Award ______10______ (honor) the authors of the best stories printed each year in American magazines.
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. advances B. combed C. net D. heads E. automation F. modest G comprehensive H. thinned I. prior J. underlie K. unearth
Does technology replace more jobs than it creates What is the ____11____ balance between these two things Until now, that has not been measured. But a new research project led by MIT economist David Autor has developed an answer, at least for U.S. history since 1940. The study uses new methods to examine how many jobs have been lost to machine ____12____, and how many have been generated through “augmentation (增强),” in which technology creates new tasks. Overall, the study finds, and particularly since 1980, technology has replaced more U.S. jobs than it has generated.
“There does appear to be a faster rate of automation and a slower rate of augmentation, in the last four decades. from 1980 to the present, than in the four decades ____13____.” says Autor. However, that finding is only one of the study’s ____14____. The researchers have also developed an entirely new method for studying the issue, based on an analysis of thousands of U.S. census job categories in relation to a(n) ____15____ look at the text of U. S. patents over the last century. That has allowed them, for the first time, to quantify the effects of technology over both job loss and job creation.
The study finds that overall, about 60 percent of jobs in the U.S. represent new types of work, which have been created since 1940. To determine this, Autor and his colleagues ____16____ through about 35,000 job categories, tracking how they emerge over time. They also used natural language processing tools to analyze the text of every U.S. patent filed since 1920. The research examined how words were “embedded” in the census and patent documents to ____17____ related passages of text. That allowed them to determine links between new technologies and their effects on employment.
From about 1940 through 1980, for instance, jobs like elevator operator and typesetter tended to get automated. But at the same time, more workers filled roles such as shipping and receiving clerks, buyers and department ____18____, and civil and space engineers. From 1980 through 2018, the ranks of cabinetmakers and machinists, among others, have been ____19____ by automation, while industrial engineers, and operations and systems researchers and analysts, have enjoyed growth.
Ultimately, the research suggests that the negative effects of automation on employment were more than twice as great in the 1980-2018 period as in the 1940-1980 period. There was a more _____20_____, and positive, change in the effect of augmentation on employment in 1980-2018, as compared to 1940-1980.
Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension (45分)
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
More people are travelling than ever before, and lower barriers to entry and falling costs means they are doing so for ____21____ periods.
The rise of “city breaks” 48-hour bursts of foreign cultures, easier on the pocket and annual leave balance has increased tourist numbers, but not their ____22____ spread. The same attractions have been used to market cities such as Paris, Barcelona and Venice for decades, and visitors use the same infrastructure (基础设施) as residents to reach them. “Too many people do the same thing at the exact same time,” says Font, an expert in tourism. “For ____23____, the city no longer belongs to them.”
In response to this situation, cities have come up with various solutions. For instance, Amsterdam has started advising visitors to seek ____24____ outside of the city center on its official website. “That takes courage, really, to do that. But only so many people will look at the website, and it means they can say to their residents they’re doing all they can to ____25____ congestion.”
But it also proposes a better way, which is called “de-tourism”: sustainable travel tips and ____26____ schedules for exploring a real Venice, off the paths beaten by the 28 million visitors who flock there each year.
A greater variety of ____27____ for prospective visitors — ideas for what to do in off-peak seasons, for example, or outside of the city center — can have the effect of removing them from already crowded landmarks, or ____28____ short breaks away in the first place. Longer stays ____29____ the pressure, says Font. ‘If you go to Paris for two days, you’re going to the Eiffel Tower. If you go for two weeks, you’re not going to go to the Eiffel Tower 14 times.” Similarly, repeat visitors have a better sense of the____30____, “We should be asking how we can get tourists to ____31____, not how to get them to come for the first time. If they’re coming for the fifth time, it is much easier to integrate their behaviors with ours.”
Font says cities could stand to be more ____32____ about the tourists they try to attract when the current metric for marketing success is how many there are, and how far they’ve come. “You’re thinking. ‘yeah but at what cost…’” He points to unpublished data from the Barcelona Tourist Board that prioritizes Japanese tourist for spending an average of 640 more per day than French tourists — a(n) ____33____ that fails to take into account their bigger carbon footprint. ____34____ tourists are also more likely to be repeat visitors that come at off-peak times, buy local products, and spread out to less crowded parts of the city — all productive steps towards more ____35____ tourism, and more peaceful relations with residents.
21. A. longer B. shorter C. wider D. clearer
22. A. environmental B. national C. economic D. geographic
23. A. locals B. tourists C. visitors D. cleaners
24. A. transports B. accommodation C. restaurants D. service
25. A. cause B. fuel C. transfer D. ease
26. A. separate B. individual C. alternative D. objective
27. A. reform B. guidance C. invitation D. support
28. A. convincing B. discouraging C. promoting D. enjoying
29. A. release B. enhance C. remove D. relieve
30. A. culture B. knowledge C. entertainment D. ability
31. A. go with B. bring up C. come back D. lay off
32. A. selective B. optimistic C. curious D. doubtful
33. A. distinction B. harmony C. association D. comparison
34. A. French B. Japanese C. Spanish D. German
35. A. comfortable B. complex C. temporary D. sustainable
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
My husband and I live near San Luis Obispo, California, close to the beach. In November 2023, during the humpback whale migration, we kayaked (划皮划艇) out to watch the wildlife. We were in awe watching these graceful whales breach and spray through their blowholes.
At the time, my friend Liz was staying with us. Initially, she refused to join us on the water, fearing the kayak would overturn among the whales. After some cajoling (劝说) she finally agreed to join me. The following morning, we set out early and had our first whale sighting just past the pier: two humpbacks swimming toward us. How amazing to be that close to a creature that size, I thought as the whales dipped under the waterline.
When whales go down after breaching, they leave what looks like an oil slick on the water. I figured if we paddled toward that spot, we’d be safe from the whales, since they’d just left. We followed them at a distance — or what I thought was a distance. I later found out that it’s recommended to keep 300 feet away. We were more like 60 feet away.
Suddenly, we were surrounded by jumping silverfish fleeing from the whales. Before we could react, our kayak was lifted out of the water about six feet, bracketed by massive jaws. Liz and I slipped out of the kayak into the whale’s mouth. As the whale’s mouth closed, I felt the creature begin to dive and had no idea how deep we’d be dragged. Still, I didn’t panic. I just kept thinking. I’ve got to fight this. I’ve got to breathe.
Whales have enormous mouths but tiny throats. Anything they can’t swallow they spit right out. That included us. As soon as the whale dipped underwater, it ejected us, and we popped back up onto the surface about a foot apart. The entire ordeal lasted only about 10 seconds.
Other kayakers rushed to our aid, shocked to see us alive. But I am much more aware of the power of nature and the ocean than I was before. Liz was shaken up, comparing the ordeal to a near-death experience, and she says her whale-watching days are over. But even she had to laugh when she got home that afternoon and realized she’d brought back a souvenir. When she pulled off her shirt, six silverfish flopped out.
36 Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage
A. At first, Liz was hesitant to go on the kayaking trip because she was not interested in whale watching.
B. If Liz and I had maintained a distance of 300 feet from the whales, we might have avoided the subsequent danger.
C. Liz and I slipped into the whale’s mouth because jumping silverfish overturned our kayak.
D. Liz is likely to go on another whale-watching trip someday because she found a precious souvenir from this kayaking.
37. How did the narrator feel during the whale encounter
A. Terrified and panicked. B. Disoriented underwater
C. Calm and focused. D. Regretful about going kayaking.
38. The underlined word “ordeal” in Paragraph 5 probably means____.
A. a challenging or difficult experience B. a thrilling experience
C. a surprising encounter D. a joyful adventure
39. What would be the best title of this passage
A. How to Survive a Whale Attack B. Respecting the Power of Nature
C. A Day at San Luis Obispo Beach D. I Survived Being Swallowed By a Whale
(B)
IN CONTEXT BRANCH Geology BEFORE 6th century BCE The Greek thinker Thales of Miletus notes magnetic rocks, or lodestones (天然磁石). 1st century CE Chinese diviners make primitive compasses with iron spoon that can turn around to point south. 1269 French scholar Pierre de Maricourt sets out the basic laws of magnetic attraction, repulsion, and poles. AFTER 1824 French mathematician Siméon Poisson models the forces in a magnetic field. 1940s American physicist Walter Maurice Elsasser attributes Earth’s magnetic field to iron swirling in its outer core as the planet rotates. 1958 Explorer 1 space mission shows Earth’s magnetic field extending far out into space. By the late 1500s, ships’ captains already relied on magnetic compasses to maintain their course across the oceans. Yet no one knew how they worked. Some thought the compass needle was attracted to the North Star, others that it was drawn to magnetic mountains in the Arctic. It was English physician William Gilbert who discovered that Earth itself is magnetic. Stronger reasons are obtained from sure experiments and demonstrated arguments than from probable conjectures (推测) and the opinions of philosophical speculators. William Gilbert Gilbert’s breakthrough came not from a flash of inspiration, but from 17 years of careful experiment. He learned all he could from ships’ captains and compass makers, and then he made a model globe, or “terrella,” out of the magnetic rock lodestone and tested compass needles against it. The needles reacted around the terrella just as ships’ compasses did on a larger scale—showing the same patterns of declination (pointing slightly away from true north at the geographic pole, which differs from magnetic north) and inclination (tilting down from the horizontal toward the globe). Gilbert concluded, rightly, that the entire planet is a magnet and has a core of iron. He published his ideas in the book De Magnete (On the Magnet) in 1600, causing a sensation. Johannes Kepler and Galileo, in particular, were inspired by his suggestion that Earth is not fixed to rotating celestial spheres, as most people still thought, but is made to spin by the invisible force of its own magnetism.
40. Before the 16th century, how did captains navigate across oceans
A. The North Star navigated their ships.
B. The magnetic mountains in the Arctic guided their journey.
C. Magnetic compasses helped them maintain the course.
D. The forces in a magnetic field attracted the ships.
41. How did William Gilbert find out the fact that Earth itself is magnetic
A. Through trials and errors.
B. Through some personal philosophical speculation.
C. By acquiring some flash inspiration.
D. By studying the ideas of some philosophers.
42. Which of the following statement might Galileo agree with
A. The earth stays still.
B. Gilbert successfully refuted the laws of magnetic attraction.
C. Gilbert’s findings and conclusions are sensational.
D. The earth has its own magnetic field.
(C)
Could your dog be prone to a fatal disease Is your new shelter pup part beagle or boxer Many pet owners seek answers to these questions and as a result, direct-to-consumer dog DNA testing is booming.
Human interfering with dog DNA has long been the driving factor behind dogs’ breed diversity — or lack thereof. But a dog’s DNA can also be used to confirm their lineage (血统) or identify their breed, a boon for pet owners on the lookout for breed-specific health or behavioral challenges or those looking to confirm their dog really has the heritage claimed by a breeder or seller. During DNA analysis, labs sequence the dog’s DNA and look for similarities with a dataset of identified dog breeds.
But breed identification isn’t as simple as it might seem. In a study published in the Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association last month, scientists looked into the accuracy of breed prediction in commercially available DNA tests that required a photo of the dog in addition to its DNA sample. The results were mixed, says Casey Greene, a professor who co-authored the study.
“Most tests could accurately distinguish the breed of purebred dogs,” says Greene. But the analysis suggested that some testing companies might rely on the photo more than the dog’s actual genetics — and revealed big differences between companies’ business practices and the genetic datasets they use to determine dog breeds.
The researchers submitted photos and DNA of 12 purebred dogs to a total of six commercial canine (犬的) ancestry identification services. Since each pup was purebred and possessed extensive American Kennel Club paperwork, the researchers knew their breed conclusively—but in some cases they provided a photo of a different dog to see if the photo influenced the DNA results. One of the companies misidentified a purebred Chinese crested dog — almost entirely hairless — as a long-haired Brittany spaniel, seemingly based on the photo alone. The other five did identify the registered breed correctly, but often gave different predictions for other “ancestor” breeds in dogs whose DNA suggested mixed breeding in prior generations. The researchers concluded that veterinarians and pet owners alike should “approach direct-to-consumer tests with caution” given the lack of industry standardization and at least one company’s reliance on photographs instead of DNA analysis.
Despite these concerns, though. dog DNA seems headed for a golden age — and the insights revealed through further study of Fido’s genome (基因组) have already reached far beyond the doghouse. Domesticated dogs have emerged as surprising superstars in medical research that benefits humans. According to researchers, that’s just the beginning. With implications ranging from entertaining to consequential, there’s no telling what dog DNA will continue to unleash.
43. The underlined word “boon” in paragraph two is closest in meaning to ________.
A. blessing B. substitute C. duty D. struggle
44. According to the passage, dog DNA testing can serve the following purposes except that ________.
A. it assists in accurately determining the breed a dog belongs to
B. it helps to predict whether dogs are subject to certain diseases
C. it provides pet owners with insights into dogs’ behavioral challenges
D. it sequences the DNA of identified dog breeds to find their similarities
45. Which of the following statements can be concluded from the passage
A. Photos play a more significant role in identifying a dog’s breed than its actual genetics.
B. It is a common phenomenon that the DNA analysis of dogs may yield mixed results.
C. Commercial dog DNA tests still have limitations and should be dealt with cautiously.
D. Direct-to-consumer tests overshadow DNA analysis in identifying purebred dogs.
46. What does the passage suggest about the future of dog DNA testing
A. Controversies regarding its reliability are here to stay.
B. It is bound to make breakthroughs in the fields of medicine and entertainment.
C. It can step into a golden age as long as some research limitations are fixed.
D. It may have far-reaching significance and be applied to a wider range of areas.
Section C
Directions: Read the following passages. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
Until we start to lose our balance, we barely notice that it’s there at all. “It starts for a lot of people with simple stuff,” says Dr Anna Lowe, an expert on healthy ageing and physical activity. “____47____ It’s easy to either miss the signs or just put it down to ageing — but it really is something you can affect.”
The key, it is increasingly becoming clear, is to address the decline before it gets serious: and that can happen earlier than you might think.
What is balance Technically, it’s the complex interaction of several different systems in your body — from muscles, nerves, eyesight and the inner ear to the sensory system that lets you recognise where your body is touching the ground, along with movement receptors within your joints that tell you where your body is in space. ____48____
A lack of balance is, globally, associated with serious health problems. Earlier this year, the British Journal of Sports Medicine published the results of a decade-long study involving more than 1,700 middle-aged participants, which concluded that an inability to balance was associated with an almost twofold increase in risk of death.
“____49____” agrees Lowe, an associate professor researching strength and balance in midlife. “Older women are far less active than older men, and general activity, just moving around and doing stuff, affects balance a lot. Single-legged movements, such as walking lunges, are a great test of dynamic (动态的) balance, but even bilateral movements, like squats (深蹲), can provide a challenge.”
____50____ Resistance exercise, whether that means lifting weights or hiking with a backpack, comes with a host of other proven health benefits, from improved bone density to a reduced risk of Alzheimer’s. As Locker puts it: everyone’s told to save money for their retirement, and nobody’s taught to save their balance. But both are difficult to get back once they’re gone.
A. Early interventions are key, so you’ve got to stay active.
B. Perhaps surprisingly, those who deal with it have struggled to settle on a single definition.
C. It’s not something we’re born with, but also it’s not something we learn, but an ability that we gain early and lose over time.
D. For some people. just try to build in an element of balance and muscle strengthening.
E. Maybe you used to be able to quickly stand on one leg to put a shoe on, and you’ve stopped doing that at some point.
F. Whatever activity you choose, the lesson is to work on your balance before you need to, not when it becomes an issue.
Ⅳ. Summary Writing (10分)
51 Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s)of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
It seems that deep, long-lasting happiness comes from intangible things, rather than things like chocolates and smart-phones. One essential factor is human relationships. People who have the support of family members and also have strong friendships are more likely to be happy. Feeling protected and respected and knowing you can trust in the people around you is vital. But happiness means you have to give and take. Performing acts of kindness and generosity on a regular basis, for example, listening to a friend in need or carrying a neighbor’s shopping, will make you feel on top of the world. Even a simple smile can work wonders. In fact, they say that one smile makes a person feel as good as eating 2,000 bars of chocolates(not all at once, of course).
It is not surprising that health is another key contributor to happiness. Poor health will certainly make you feel down in the mouth. But being healthy and staying healthy require some effort. A healthy diet is crucial and so is regular exercise. Laziness will not make you happy. Exercising for 20 to 30 minutes a day helps to reduce stress and anxiety and makes you feel more positive and optimistic because it releases endorphins(feel-good chemicals). So, if you have been feeling blue and worrying too much about your exams, get exercising. You’ll also find that you sleep better.
Talking of sleep, do you often wake up feeling miserable If so, it’s probably because you haven’t had enough of it. Teenagers tend to go to bed too late and have to get up early, so many suffer from a lack of sleep. Tiredness will certainly affect your happiness levels and put you in a bad mood. It also affects your ability to concentrate and may slow your growth. So if you want to be happy and do well at school, try to get at least eight hours of sleep a night. Now that you know the theory, it’s time to put it all into practice.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二卷
Ⅴ. Translation (15分)
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
52. 景区可利用短视频提升知名度，助力文旅宣传。(facilitate) (汉译英)
___________________________________________________________________________________
53. 他运动之前习惯热身和拉伸以避免受伤。(ritual) (汉译英)
___________________________________________________________________________________
54. 为缓解人口老龄化的压力，中国政府正在建立更多的社区机构来为老年人的生活提供支持。(ease) (汉译英)
___________________________________________________________________________________
55. 网络红包的乐趣在于它的未知性，因为收到红包的人只有打开它时才知道自己到底抢到了多少钱。(until) (汉译英)
___________________________________________________________________________________
Ⅵ. Guided Writing (25分)
56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假如你是明启中学的吴磊，高考结束之后，你的学校组织校友活动，请即将毕业的高三学生进班给高一高二的学弟学妹们传授经验，请结合自身经历写一篇发言稿。你的发言稿须：
1. 描述你在高中三年最大的收获；
2. 就如何过好高中生活，给出你的建议。
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________浦东新区高三英语综合练习卷（三模）
2024. 5
第一卷
Ⅰ. Listening Comprehension (略)
II. Grammar and Vocabulary (20分)
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word: for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
In the fall of 1903, O. Henry was living in a room at the small Hotel Marty in New York City. He had published a few stories in local magazines, but was still relatively unknown when editors at the New York World newspaper sent a young reporter _____1_____ (track) down this mysterious writer. By the next day, O. Henry had an agreement with the newspaper to write one story a week for the magazine section of their Sunday edition. The World had _____2_____ (large) daily circulation in the world, and O. Henry’s stories about New York life became immensely popular. By the time he left the newspaper after less than three years, O. Henry had established his reputation _____3_____ a gifted storyteller and master of surprise endings.
O. Henry was the pen name used by William Sydney Porter, who was born in North Carolina. At the age of twenty, he moved to Texas. _____4_____ he held a variety of jobs, eventually becoming a bank teller. He married and became a reporter and columnist for the Houston Post. After a few years, his wife _____5_____ (diagnose) with a serious infectious disease, and he was accused of illegally taking the money of the bank where he worked. Some people have claimed _____6_____ he was stealing money to help pay his wife’s medical bills. O. Henry fled to Central America, but his wife was too ill to accompany him. Months later, _____7_____ her condition worsened, he returned and turned himself in to the police. His wife soon died, and O. Henry spent three years in prison in Ohio. It was during his time in prison that he began writing the stories that would make him famous. W. S. Porter _____8_____ (emerge) from prison as O. Henry.
In 1902 O. Henry moved to New York City and started trying to sell his stories. In a few years his luck changed for the better, and his position with the New York World helped make him a _____9_____ (celebrate) author. He published more than three hundred stories and gained worldwide acclaim. O. Henry’s writing is admired for its colorful and realistic depictions of the everyday lives of New Yorkers. His stories are known for their plot twists and surprise endings. In fact, O. Henry’s own life ended with a “twist” — his funeral was somehow scheduled in the same church at the same time as someone else’s wedding! The O. Henry Award ______10______ (honor) the authors of the best stories printed each year in American magazines.
【答案】1. to track
2. the largest
3. as 4. where
5. was diagnosed
6. that 7. when
8. emerged 9. celebrated
10. honors
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了小说家欧·亨利的个人经历。
【1题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：他曾在当地杂志上发表过几篇文章，但在《纽约世界报》的编辑派一名年轻记者追踪这位神秘作家时，他还相对不为人知。短语send sb. to do sth.表示“派某人做某事”。故填to track。
【2题详解】
考查形容词最高级。句意：《世界报》拥有世界上最大的日发行量，欧·亨利关于纽约生活的故事非常受欢迎。根据后文in the world可知应用最高级，前面加the。故填the largest。
【3题详解】
考查介词。句意：在他离开报社不到三年的时候，欧·亨利已经确立了他作为一个天才的说书人和出人意料的结局大师的声誉。表示“作为”，后跟名词作宾语，应用介词as。故填as。
【4题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：20岁时，他搬到德克萨斯州，在那里他做过各种各样的工作，最终成为一名银行出纳。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词Texas，关系词在从句作地点状语。故填where。
【5题详解】
考查时态语态。句意：几年后，他的妻子被诊断出患有严重的传染病，他被指控非法挪用他工作的银行的钱。主语wife与谓语构成被动关系，根据后文he was accused of可知为一般过去时的被动语态，谓语用单数。故填was diagnosed。
【6题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：一些人声称他偷钱是为了帮助支付妻子的医药费。引导宾语从句，从句不缺少成分，句意完整，故用that。故填that。
【7题详解】
考查状语从句。句意：几个月后，当她的病情恶化时，他返回并向警方自首。引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时候”应用when。故填when。
【8题详解】
考查时态。句意：W. S. Porter以欧·亨利的身份出狱。发生在过去，用一般过去时。故填emerged。
【9题详解】
考查形容词。句意：几年后，他的运气变好了，他在《纽约世界报》的工作使他成为一名著名作家。修饰名词author应用形容词celebrated。故填celebrated。
【10题详解】
考查时态。句意：欧·亨利奖授予每年在美国杂志上发表最佳小说的作者。根据后文each year可知为一般现在时，主语为The O. Henry Award，谓语用三单形式。故填honors。
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. advances B. combed C. net D. heads E. automation F. modest G. comprehensive H. thinned I. prior J. underlie K. unearth
Does technology replace more jobs than it creates What is the ____11____ balance between these two things Until now, that has not been measured. But a new research project led by MIT economist David Autor has developed an answer, at least for U.S. history since 1940. The study uses new methods to examine how many jobs have been lost to machine ____12____, and how many have been generated through “augmentation (增强),” in which technology creates new tasks. Overall, the study finds, and particularly since 1980, technology has replaced more U.S. jobs than it has generated.
“There does appear to be a faster rate of automation, and a slower rate of augmentation, in the last four decades. from 1980 to the present, than in the four decades ____13____.” says Autor. However, that finding is only one of the study’s ____14____. The researchers have also developed an entirely new method for studying the issue, based on an analysis of thousands of U.S. census job categories in relation to a(n) ____15____ look at the text of U. S. patents over the last century. That has allowed them, for the first time, to quantify the effects of technology over both job loss and job creation.
The study finds that overall, about 60 percent of jobs in the U.S. represent new types of work, which have been created since 1940. To determine this, Autor and his colleagues ____16____ through about 35,000 job categories, tracking how they emerge over time. They also used natural language processing tools to analyze the text of every U.S. patent filed since 1920. The research examined how words were “embedded” in the census and patent documents to ____17____ related passages of text. That allowed them to determine links between new technologies and their effects on employment.
From about 1940 through 1980, for instance, jobs like elevator operator and typesetter tended to get automated. But at the same time, more workers filled roles such as shipping and receiving clerks, buyers and department ____18____, and civil and space engineers. From 1980 through 2018, the ranks of cabinetmakers and machinists, among others, have been ____19____ by automation, while industrial engineers, and operations and systems researchers and analysts, have enjoyed growth.
Ultimately, the research suggests that the negative effects of automation on employment were more than twice as great in the 1980-2018 period as in the 1940-1980 period. There was a more _____20_____, and positive, change in the effect of augmentation on employment in 1980-2018, as compared to 1940-1980.
【答案】11. C 12. E
13. I 14. A
15. G 16. B
17. K 18. D
19. H 20. F
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了科技取代的工作比创造的工作之间的关系以及相关的研究。
【11题详解】
考查形容词。句意：这两者的净差额是多少？根据“Does technology replace more jobs than it creates (科技取代的工作比创造的工作多吗？)”以及句意“净差额”可知短语为net balance，故选C。
【12题详解】
考查名词。句意：这项研究使用了新的方法来调查有多少工作岗位因机器自动化而消失，又有多少工作岗位是通过技术创造新任务的“增强”而产生的。根据“how many jobs have been lost to machine”以及句意“自动化”可知应填名词automation，作宾语，不可数。故选E。
【13题详解】
考查形容词。句意：“在过去的40年里，从1980年到现在，与之前的40年相比，自动化的速度似乎更快了，而增强的速度却更慢了。奥特说。根据“in the last four decades”以及句意“之前”可知应填形容词prior作后置定语，故选I。
【14题详解】
考查名词。句意：然而，这一发现只是该研究的进步之一。根据“There does appear to be a faster rate of automation”以及句意“进步”可知应填名词advance，此处为one of+复数名词。故选A。
【15题详解】
考查形容词。句意：研究人员还开发了一种全新的方法来研究这个问题，基于对美国人口普查中数千个工作类别的分析，并对上个世纪的美国专利文本进行了全面的研究。根据“based on an analysis of thousands of U.S. census job categories in relation to a(n)”以及句意“全面的”可知应填形容词comprehensive，修饰look。故选G。
【16题详解】
考查动词。句意：为了确定这一点，Autor和他的同事们梳理了大约35000个工作类别，追踪它们是如何随着时间的推移而出现的。根据“through about 35,000 job categories”以及句意“梳理”可知应填动词comb，发生在过去用一般过去时。故选B。
【17题详解】
考查动词。句意：该研究考察了单词如何“嵌入”在人口普查和专利文件中，以挖掘相关的文本段落。根据“related passages of text”以及句意“挖掘”可知应填动词unearth，此处为不定式作目的状语。故选K。
【18题详解】
考查名词。句意：但与此同时，更多的工人填补了诸如运输和收货员、采购员和部门主管以及土木和航天工程师等职位。根据“receiving clerks, buyers and department”以及句意“主管”可知应填复数名词heads，故选D。
【19题详解】
考查动词。句意：从1980年到2018年，橱柜制造商和机械师等人的队伍因自动化而减少，而工业工程师、运营和系统研究人员和分析师的队伍则有所增长。根据“while industrial engineers, and operations and systems researchers and analysts, have enjoyed growth”以及句意“减少”可知应填动词thin，根据上文have been可知为现在完成时的被动语态。故选H。
【20题详解】
考查形容词。句意：1980年至2018年，与1940年至1980年相比，经济增长对就业的影响发生了更温和、更积极的变化。根据“and positive, change in the effect of augmentation on employment”以及句意“温和”可知应填形容词modest，作定语修饰名词change。故选F。
Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension (45分)
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
More people are travelling than ever before, and lower barriers to entry and falling costs means they are doing so for ____21____ periods.
The rise of “city breaks” 48-hour bursts of foreign cultures, easier on the pocket and annual leave balance has increased tourist numbers, but not their ____22____ spread. The same attractions have been used to market cities such as Paris, Barcelona and Venice for decades, and visitors use the same infrastructure (基础设施) as residents to reach them. “Too many people do the same thing at the exact same time,” says Font, an expert in tourism. “For ____23____, the city no longer belongs to them.”
In response to this situation, cities have come up with various solutions. For instance, Amsterdam has started advising visitors to seek ____24____ outside of the city center on its official website. “That takes courage, really, to do that. But only so many people will look at the website, and it means they can say to their residents they’re doing all they can to ____25____ congestion.”
But it also proposes a better way, which is called “de-tourism”: sustainable travel tips and ____26____ schedules for exploring a real Venice, off the paths beaten by the 28 million visitors who flock there each year.
A greater variety of ____27____ for prospective visitors — ideas for what to do in off-peak seasons, for example, or outside of the city center — can have the effect of removing them from already crowded landmarks, or ____28____ short breaks away in the first place. Longer stays ____29____ the pressure, says Font. ‘If you go to Paris for two days, you’re going to the Eiffel Tower. If you go for two weeks, you’re not going to go to the Eiffel Tower 14 times.” Similarly, repeat visitors have a better sense of the____30____, “We should be asking how we can get tourists to ____31____, not how to get them to come for the first time. If they’re coming for the fifth time, it is much easier to integrate their behaviors with ours.”
Font says cities could stand to be more ____32____ about the tourists they try to attract when the current metric for marketing success is how many there are, and how far they’ve come. “You’re thinking. ‘yeah but at what cost…’” He points to unpublished data from the Barcelona Tourist Board that prioritizes Japanese tourist for spending an average of 640 more per day than French tourists — a(n) ____33____ that fails to take into account their bigger carbon footprint. ____34____ tourists are also more likely to be repeat visitors that come at off-peak times, buy local products, and spread out to less crowded parts of the city — all productive steps towards more ____35____ tourism, and more peaceful relations with residents.
21. A. longer B. shorter C. wider D. clearer
22. A. environmental B. national C. economic D. geographic
23. A. locals B. tourists C. visitors D. cleaners
24. A. transports B. accommodation C. restaurants D. service
25. A. cause B. fuel C. transfer D. ease
26. A. separate B. individual C. alternative D. objective
27. A. reform B. guidance C. invitation D. support
28. A. convincing B. discouraging C. promoting D. enjoying
29. A. release B. enhance C. remove D. relieve
30. A. culture B. knowledge C. entertainment D. ability
31. A. go with B. bring up C. come back D. lay off
32. A. selective B. optimistic C. curious D. doubtful
33. A. distinction B. harmony C. association D. comparison
34. A. French B. Japanese C. Spanish D. German
35. A. comfortable B. complex C. temporary D. sustainable
【答案】21. B 22. D 23. A 24. B 25. D 26. C 27. B 28. B 29. D 30. A 31. C 32. A 33. D 34. A 35. D
【解析】
【导语】本文属于议论文。旅游的发展，虽然促进了当地的经济发展，但从另外一个方面影响到了当地居民的生活以及各种基础设施，如何保证旅游业的长久发展是摆在人们面前的一大问题。
21题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：更多的人旅游的更频繁，因为去一个国家的障碍更少，费用更低，这就意味着游客在一个地方旅游的时间越来越短。A. longer更长的；B. shorter更短的；C. wider更宽的；D. clearer更干净的。根据下文“The rise of “city breaks” 48-hour bursts of foreign cultures”推知，人们在一个景点呆的时间越来越短，故选B。
【22题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：城市短修的兴起，48小时异域文化爆发式体验旅游，对钱包和年度休假余额构成的压力相对比较轻松，这些都导致游客人数上涨，但是游客目的地地理范围没有相应的扩展。A. environmental环境的；B. national国家的；C. economic经济的；D. geographic地理的。根据下文“The same attractions have been used to market cities such as Paris, Barcelona and Venice for decades, and visitors use the same infrastructure ( 基础设施 ) as residents to reach them. ”可知，游客目的地地理范围没有相应的扩展，还是是那些同样的地方旅行。故选D。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：对于当地人来说，城市已经不属于他们了。A. locals当地人；B. tourists游客；C. visitors参观者；D. cleaners清洁工。根据上文“ visitors use the same infrastructure (基础设施) as residents to reach them.”可知，游客和居民使用同样的基础设施，这导致当地人觉得城市不属于自己了，故选A。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：例如，阿姆斯特丹已经开始建议游客在其官方网站上寻找市中心以外的住宿。A. transports交通；B. accommodation住宿；C. restaurants餐厅；D. service服务。根据后文“outside of the city center on its official website”可知，此处指阿姆斯特丹已经开始建议游客在其官方网站上寻找市中心以外的住宿。故选B。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是也只有这样，人们才会去官网上查看（市中心之外的住宿），这意味着阿姆斯特丹的官员们可以说他们已经在尽力缓解交通堵塞。A. cause造成；B. fuel刺激；C. transfer转移；D. ease缓解。根据宾语congestion并结合上文“Too many people do the same thing at the exact same time”可知，此处指缓解交通拥堵。故选D。
【26题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但它也提出了一种更好的方式，被称为“错峰旅游”：他们给游客提供有关可持续旅游（对环境不造成严重负担和破坏的旅游）的建议，以及探索一个真正的威尼斯的另类旅游路线，并远离那些每年蜂拥而至的2800万游客踩踏过的道路。A. separate分开的；B. individual个人的；C. alternative可替代性的；D. objective客观的。根据本句“off the paths beaten by the 28 million visitors who flock there each year”可知，为游客提供一些人少的路线，即可供替代的选择。故选C。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：为潜在的游客提供更多种类的指导——例如，在淡季或市中心以外的地方做些什么——可以使他们远离已经拥挤的地标，或者从一开始就不鼓励短暂的休息。A. reform改革；B. guidance指导；C. invitation邀请；D. support支持。根据后文“ideas for what to do in off-peak seasons, for example, or outside of the city center”可知，本段讲述对游客进行指导，实现游客分流，故选B。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：为潜在的游客提供更多种类的指导——例如，在淡季或市中心以外的地方做些什么——可以使他们远离已经拥挤的地标，或者从一开始就不鼓励短暂的休息。A. convincing说服；B. discouraging打消积极性；C. promoting促进；D. enjoying欣赏。本段讲述对游客进行指导，实现游客分流，合理规划自己的旅行计划，由此推知，此处指从一开始就不鼓励短暂的休息。故选B。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在一个地方逗留时间更长能够缓解一定的压力。A. release释放；B. enhance加强；C. remove去除；D. relieve缓解。根据后文“If you go to Paris for two days, you’re going to the Eiffel Tower. If you go for two weeks, you’re not going to go to the Eiffel Tower 14 times.(如果你去巴黎两天，你会去埃菲尔铁塔。如果你去两周，你不会去埃菲尔铁塔14次)”可知，在一个地方逗留时间更长能够缓解当地的压力，故选D。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：再次去的游客有更好的文化意识，我应该考虑怎样让游客再来这个地方旅游，而不是来第一次就不来了。A. culture文化；B. knowledge知识；C. entertainment娱乐；D. ability能力。根据后文“If they’re coming for the fifth time, it is much easier to integrate their behavior with ours.(如果他们是第五次来，就更容易把他们的行为和我们的行为结合起来)”可知，多次去同一个地方旅游的游客能够更好地融入当地的文化，故选A。
【31题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：我应该考虑怎样让游客再来这个地方旅游，而不是来第一次就不来了。A. go with与……一起去；B. bring up抚养；C. come back回来；D. lay off解雇。根据后文“not how to get them to come for the first time”推知，应该考虑怎样让游客来了还想来，故选C。
【32题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：丰特说，当目前衡量营销成功的标准是有多少游客，以及他们已经走了多远的时候，城市可以对他们试图吸引的游客更有选择性。A. selective认真挑选的，严格筛选的；B. optimistic乐观的；C. curious好奇的；D. doubtful怀疑的。根据后文“about the tourists they try to attract”指城市可以对他们试图吸引的游客更有选择性。故选A。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他提及巴萨罗那旅游管理局尚未公布的数据，这些数据（显示）日本游客被优先考虑，因为他们平均每人每天消费比法国人要多处640欧元。但是，这个比较并未能考虑日本游客更大的碳足迹。A. distinction区分；B. harmony和谐；C. association联系；D. comparison对比。根据“Japanese tourist for spending an average of 640 more per day than French tourists”可知，把日本游客与法国游客进行对比，故选D。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：而且，法国游客也更可能成为错峰时段回访者，购买本地的产品，并且分散到城市里不那么拥挤的地方，这些都是建设性的措施，能使得旅游更可持续，游客与本地居民的关系更平和。A. French法国人；B. Japanese日本人；C. Spanish西班牙人；D. German德国人。根据上文“prioritizes Japanese tourist for spending an average of 640 more per day than French tourists”可知，尽管日本游客花钱更多，但是法国游客更有可能再次去，故选A。
【35题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：而且，法国游客也更可能成为错峰时段的回访者，购买本地的产品，并且分散到城市里不那么拥挤的地方，这些都是建设性的措施，能使得旅游更可持续，游客与本地居民的关系更平和。A. comfortable舒服的；B. complex复杂的；C. temporary临时的；D. sustainable可持续的。根据上文“come at off-peak times, buy local products, and spread out to less crowded parts of the city”可知，法国人的旅游方式属于持续性旅游发展，故选D。
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
My husband and I live near San Luis Obispo, California, close to the beach. In November 2023, during the humpback whale migration, we kayaked (划皮划艇) out to watch the wildlife. We were in awe watching these graceful whales breach and spray through their blowholes.
At the time, my friend Liz was staying with us. Initially, she refused to join us on the water, fearing the kayak would overturn among the whales. After some cajoling (劝说) she finally agreed to join me. The following morning, we set out early and had our first whale sighting just past the pier: two humpbacks swimming toward us. How amazing to be that close to a creature that size, I thought as the whales dipped under the waterline.
When whales go down after breaching, they leave what looks like an oil slick on the water. I figured if we paddled toward that spot, we’d be safe from the whales, since they’d just left. We followed them at a distance — or what I thought was a distance. I later found out that it’s recommended to keep 300 feet away. We were more like 60 feet away.
Suddenly, we were surrounded by jumping silverfish fleeing from the whales. Before we could react, our kayak was lifted out of the water about six feet, bracketed by massive jaws. Liz and I slipped out of the kayak into the whale’s mouth. As the whale’s mouth closed, I felt the creature begin to dive and had no idea how deep we’d be dragged. Still, I didn’t panic. I just kept thinking. I’ve got to fight this. I’ve got to breathe.
Whales have enormous mouths but tiny throats. Anything they can’t swallow they spit right out. That included us. As soon as the whale dipped underwater, it ejected us, and we popped back up onto the surface about a foot apart. The entire ordeal lasted only about 10 seconds.
Other kayakers rushed to our aid, shocked to see us alive. But I am much more aware of the power of nature and the ocean than I was before. Liz was shaken up, comparing the ordeal to a near-death experience, and she says her whale-watching days are over. But even she had to laugh when she got home that afternoon and realized she’d brought back a souvenir. When she pulled off her shirt, six silverfish flopped out.
36. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage
A. At first, Liz was hesitant to go on the kayaking trip because she was not interested in whale watching.
B. If Liz and I had maintained a distance of 300 feet from the whales, we might have avoided the subsequent danger.
C. Liz and I slipped into the whale’s mouth because jumping silverfish overturned our kayak.
D. Liz is likely to go on another whale-watching trip someday because she found a precious souvenir from this kayaking.
37. How did the narrator feel during the whale encounter
A. Terrified and panicked. B. Disoriented underwater
C. Calm and focused. D. Regretful about going kayaking.
38. The underlined word “ordeal” in Paragraph 5 probably means____.
A. a challenging or difficult experience B. a thrilling experience
C. a surprising encounter D. a joyful adventure
39. What would be the best title of this passage
A. How to Survive a Whale Attack B. Respecting the Power of Nature
C. A Day at San Luis Obispo Beach D. I Survived Being Swallowed By a Whale
【答案】36 B 37. C 38. A 39. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了2023年11月，作者和家人朋友划皮划艇去看鲸鱼并遇到危险的经历。
【36题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“At the time, my friend Liz was staying with us. Initially, she refused to join us on the water, fearing the kayak would overturn among the whales. (当时，我的朋友莉兹和我们在一起。起初，她拒绝和我们一起下水，担心皮划艇会在鲸鱼群中倾覆。)”可知莉兹担心皮划艇会在鲸鱼群中倾覆才不去潜水的，A选项错误；第三段“I later found out that it’s recommended to keep 300 feet away. We were more like 60 feet away. (后来我发现，建议保持300英尺的距离。我们离得只有60英尺远。)”可知B选项正确；第四段“Suddenly, we were surrounded by jumping silverfish fleeing from the whales. Before we could react, our kayak was lifted out of the water about six feet, bracketed by massive jaws. Liz and I slipped out of the kayak into the whale’s mouth. (突然，我们被一群从鲸鱼群中逃出来的跳跃的银鱼包围了。我们还没来得及反应过来，我们的皮划艇就被抬出水面约6英尺，被巨大的下颚支撑着。莉兹和我溜出皮划艇，掉进了鲸鱼嘴里。)”可知我们的皮划艇不是银鱼弄翻的，C选项错误；最后一段“Liz was shaken up, comparing the ordeal to a near-death experience, and she says her whale-watching days are over. (莉兹被震撼了，她把这次磨难比作濒死体验，她说她的观鲸生涯结束了。)”可知莉兹不会再去观鲸，D选项错误，故选B。
【37题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“Still, I didn’t panic. I just kept thinking. I’ve got to fight this. I’ve got to breathe. (不过，我并不惊慌。我一直在想。我必须与之抗争。我必须呼吸。)”可推断叙述者在遇到鲸鱼时是冷静的并且还能理智的分析，说明精力比较集中，故选C。
【38题详解】
词句猜测题。根据最后一段“Liz was shaken up, comparing the ordeal to a near-death experience, and she says her whale-watching days are over. (莉兹被震撼了，她把这次磨难比作濒死体验，她说她观鲸生涯结束了。)”可知划线词ordeal词汇复现，根据后面的death experience可知意思是“磨难”，故选A。
【39题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“My husband and I live near San Luis Obispo, California, close to the beach. In November 2023, during the humpback whale migration, we kayaked (划皮划艇) out to watch the wildlife. We were in awe watching these graceful whales breach and spray through their blowholes. (我的丈夫和我住在加州的圣路易斯奥比斯波附近，靠近海滩。2023年11月，在座头鲸迁徙期间，我们划着皮艇出去观看野生动物。我们看着这些优雅的鲸鱼喷水，感到敬畏。)”以及下文作者和朋友掉进鲸鱼嘴里的经历，可知文章讲述的作者和家人朋友划皮划艇去看鲸鱼并遇到危险的经历。D选项“我被鲸鱼吞下后活了下来”符合文章题意，并且能够吸引读者，适合做标题，故选D。
(B)
IN CONTEXT BRANCH Geology BEFORE 6th century BCE The Greek thinker Thales of Miletus notes magnetic rocks, or lodestones (天然磁石). 1st century CE Chinese diviners make primitive compasses with iron spoon that can turn around to point south. 1269 French scholar Pierre de Maricourt sets out the basic laws of magnetic attraction, repulsion, and poles. AFTER 1824 French mathematician Siméon Poisson models the forces in a magnetic field. 1940s American physicist Walter Maurice Elsasser attributes Earth’s magnetic field to iron swirling in its outer core as the planet rotates. 1958 Explorer 1 space mission shows Earth’s magnetic field extending far out into space. By the late 1500s, ships’ captains already relied on magnetic compasses to maintain their course across the oceans. Yet no one knew how they worked. Some thought the compass needle was attracted to the North Star, others that it was drawn to magnetic mountains in the Arctic. It was English physician William Gilbert who discovered that Earth itself is magnetic. Stronger reasons are obtained from sure experiments and demonstrated arguments than from probable conjectures (推测) and the opinions of philosophical speculators. William Gilbert Gilbert’s breakthrough came not from a flash of inspiration, but from 17 years of careful experiment. He learned all he could from ships’ captains and compass makers, and then he made a model globe, or “terrella,” out of the magnetic rock lodestone and tested compass needles against it. The needles reacted around the terrella just as ships’ compasses did on a larger scale—showing the same patterns of declination (pointing slightly away from true north at the geographic pole, which differs from magnetic north) and inclination (tilting down from the horizontal toward the globe). Gilbert concluded, rightly, that the entire planet is a magnet and has a core of iron. He published his ideas in the book De Magnete (On the Magnet) in 1600, causing a sensation. Johannes Kepler and Galileo, in particular, were inspired by his suggestion that Earth is not fixed to rotating celestial spheres, as most people still thought, but is made to spin by the invisible force of its own magnetism.
40. Before the 16th century, how did captains navigate across oceans
A. The North Star navigated their ships.
B. The magnetic mountains in the Arctic guided their journey.
C. Magnetic compasses helped them maintain the course.
D. The forces in a magnetic field attracted the ships.
41. How did William Gilbert find out the fact that Earth itself is magnetic
A. Through trials and errors.
B. Through some personal philosophical speculation.
C. By acquiring some flash inspiration.
D. By studying the ideas of some philosophers.
42. Which of the following statement might Galileo agree with
A. The earth stays still.
B. Gilbert successfully refuted the laws of magnetic attraction.
C. Gilbert’s findings and conclusions are sensational.
D. The earth has its own magnetic field.
【答案】40. C 41. A 42. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了科学家们关于发现地球磁场的历史。
【40题详解】
细节理解题。根据文中“By the late 1500s, ships’ captains already relied on magnetic compasses to maintain their course across the oceans.(到16世纪晚期，船长已经依靠磁罗盘来维持他们在海洋上的航线)”可知，在16世纪之前，船长们通过磁罗盘帮助他们保持航向来横渡大洋。故选C。
【41题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Gilbert’s breakthrough came not from a flash of inspiration, but from 17 years of careful experiment. He learned all he could from ships’ captains and compass makers, and then he made a model globe, or “terrella,” out of the magnetic rock lodestone and tested compass needles against it. The needles reacted around the terrella just as ships’ compasses did on a larger scale—showing the same patterns of declination (pointing slightly away from true north at the geographic pole, which differs from magnetic north) and inclination (tilting down from the horizontal toward the globe).(吉尔伯特的突破并非来自灵光一闪的灵感，而是来自17年的精心实验。他从船长和指南针制造商那里学到了他所能学到的一切，然后他用磁性岩石磁石做了一个地球仪模型，或者叫“terrella”，并用罗盘针对着它进行测试。这些针在大地球周围的反应，就像船上的指南针在更大的范围内所做的那样——显示出相同的赤纬模式（在地理极点指向离真北略远的地方，这与地磁北极不同）和倾角模式（从水平面向地球倾斜）)”可知，威廉·吉尔伯特通过反复实验发现地球本身具有磁性。故选A。
【42题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“Johannes Kepler and Galileo, in particular, were inspired by his suggestion that Earth is not fixed to rotating celestial spheres, as most people still thought, but is made to spin by the invisible force of its own magnetism.(约翰内斯·开普勒和伽利略尤其受到他的观点的启发，他认为地球并不像大多数人仍然认为的那样，是固定在旋转的天体上的，而是由地球自身看不见的磁力造成的)”可知，伽利略可能会同意地球有自己的磁场。故选D。
(C)
Could your dog be prone to a fatal disease Is your new shelter pup part beagle or boxer Many pet owners seek answers to these questions, and as a result, direct-to-consumer dog DNA testing is booming.
Human interfering with dog DNA has long been the driving factor behind dogs’ breed diversity — or lack thereof. But a dog’s DNA can also be used to confirm their lineage (血统) or identify their breed, a boon for pet owners on the lookout for breed-specific health or behavioral challenges or those looking to confirm their dog really has the heritage claimed by a breeder or seller. During DNA analysis, labs sequence the dog’s DNA and look for similarities with a dataset of identified dog breeds.
But breed identification isn’t as simple as it might seem. In a study published in the Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association last month, scientists looked into the accuracy of breed prediction in commercially available DNA tests that required a photo of the dog in addition to its DNA sample. The results were mixed, says Casey Greene, a professor who co-authored the study.
“Most tests could accurately distinguish the breed of purebred dogs,” says Greene. But the analysis suggested that some testing companies might rely on the photo more than the dog’s actual genetics — and revealed big differences between companies’ business practices and the genetic datasets they use to determine dog breeds.
The researchers submitted photos and DNA of 12 purebred dogs to a total of six commercial canine (犬的) ancestry identification services. Since each pup was purebred and possessed extensive American Kennel Club paperwork, the researchers knew their breed conclusively—but in some cases they provided a photo of a different dog to see if the photo influenced the DNA results. One of the companies misidentified a purebred Chinese crested dog — almost entirely hairless — as a long-haired Brittany spaniel, seemingly based on the photo alone. The other five did identify the registered breed correctly, but often gave different predictions for other “ancestor” breeds in dogs whose DNA suggested mixed breeding in prior generations. The researchers concluded that veterinarians and pet owners alike should “approach direct-to-consumer tests with caution” given the lack of industry standardization and at least one company’s reliance on photographs instead of DNA analysis.
Despite these concerns, though. dog DNA seems headed for a golden age — and the insights revealed through further study of Fido’s genome (基因组) have already reached far beyond the doghouse. Domesticated dogs have emerged as surprising superstars in medical research that benefits humans. According to researchers, that’s just the beginning. With implications ranging from entertaining to consequential, there’s no telling what dog DNA will continue to unleash.
43. The underlined word “boon” in paragraph two is closest in meaning to ________.
A. blessing B. substitute C. duty D. struggle
44. According to the passage, dog DNA testing can serve the following purposes except that ________.
A. it assists in accurately determining the breed a dog belongs to
B. it helps to predict whether dogs are subject to certain diseases
C. it provides pet owners with insights into dogs’ behavioral challenges
D. it sequences the DNA of identified dog breeds to find their similarities
45. Which of the following statements can be concluded from the passage
A. Photos play a more significant role in identifying a dog’s breed than its actual genetics.
B. It is a common phenomenon that the DNA analysis of dogs may yield mixed results.
C. Commercial dog DNA tests still have limitations and should be dealt with cautiously.
D. Direct-to-consumer tests overshadow DNA analysis in identifying purebred dogs.
46. What does the passage suggest about the future of dog DNA testing
A. Controversies regarding its reliability are here to stay.
B. It is bound to make breakthroughs in the fields of medicine and entertainment.
C. It can step into a golden age as long as some research limitations are fixed.
D. It may have far-reaching significance and be applied to a wider range of areas.
【答案】43. A 44. D 45. C 46. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了直接面向消费者的狗狗DNA测试正在蓬勃发展，解释了这项服务的用途以及意义。
【43题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“for pet owners on the lookout for breed-specific health or behavioral challenges or those looking to confirm their dog really has the heritage claimed by a breeder or seller”可知，狗的DNA也可以用来确认它们的血统或识别它们的品种，这对那些寻找特定品种的健康或行为问题的宠物主人来说是一件幸事，或者那些想要确认他们的狗真的拥有育种者或卖家声称的遗产。故划线词意思是“幸事”。故选A。
【44题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“During DNA analysis, labs sequence the dog’s DNA and look for similarities with a dataset of identified dog breeds.(在DNA分析过程中，实验室对狗的DNA进行测序，并寻找与已识别犬种数据集的相似性)”可知，D选项“它对已识别的狗品种的DNA进行排序，以找到它们的相似性”不是狗的DNA测试可以服务的目的。故选D。
【45题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“But the analysis suggested that some testing companies might rely on the photo more than the dog’s actual genetics — and revealed big differences between companies’ business practices and the genetic datasets they use to determine dog breeds.(但分析表明，一些测试公司可能更多地依赖于狗的照片，而不是狗的实际基因，并揭示了公司的商业实践和他们用来确定狗品种的基因数据集之间的巨大差异)”可知，商业狗的DNA测试仍然有局限性，应该谨慎对待。故选C。
【46题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Domesticated dogs have emerged as surprising superstars in medical research that benefits humans. According to researchers, that’s just the beginning. With implications ranging from entertaining to consequential, there’s no telling what dog DNA will continue to unleash.(在造福人类的医学研究中，驯化的狗成为了令人惊讶的超级明星。据研究人员称，这仅仅是个开始。从娱乐到后果，没有人知道狗的DNA会继续释放什么)”可知，这篇文章暗示了狗的DNA测试的未来可能具有深远的意义，可以应用于更广泛的领域。故选D。
Section C
Directions: Read the following passages. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
Until we start to lose our balance, we barely notice that it’s there at all. “It starts for a lot of people with simple stuff,” says Dr Anna Lowe, an expert on healthy ageing and physical activity. “____47____ It’s easy to either miss the signs or just put it down to ageing — but it really is something you can affect.”
The key, it is increasingly becoming clear, is to address the decline before it gets serious: and that can happen earlier than you might think.
What is balance Technically, it’s the complex interaction of several different systems in your body — from muscles, nerves, eyesight and the inner ear to the sensory system that lets you recognise where your body is touching the ground, along with movement receptors within your joints that tell you where your body is in space. ____48____
A lack of balance is, globally, associated with serious health problems. Earlier this year, the British Journal of Sports Medicine published the results of a decade-long study involving more than 1,700 middle-aged participants, which concluded that an inability to balance was associated with an almost twofold increase in risk of death.
“____49____” agrees Lowe, an associate professor researching strength and balance in midlife. “Older women are far less active than older men, and general activity, just moving around and doing stuff, affects balance a lot. Single-legged movements, such as walking lunges, are a great test of dynamic (动态的) balance, but even bilateral movements, like squats (深蹲), can provide a challenge.”
____50____ Resistance exercise, whether that means lifting weights or hiking with a backpack, comes with a host of other proven health benefits, from improved bone density to a reduced risk of Alzheimer’s. As Locker puts it: everyone’s told to save money for their retirement, and nobody’s taught to save their balance. But both are difficult to get back once they’re gone.
A. Early interventions are key, so you’ve got to stay active.
B. Perhaps surprisingly, those who deal with it have struggled to settle on a single definition.
C. It’s not something we’re born with, but also it’s not something we learn, but an ability that we gain early and lose over time.
D. For some people. just try to build in an element of balance and muscle strengthening.
E. Maybe you used to be able to quickly stand on one leg to put a shoe on, and you’ve stopped doing that at some point.
F. Whatever activity you choose, the lesson is to work on your balance before you need to, not when it becomes an issue.
【答案】47. E 48. C 49. A 50. F
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了身体保持平衡的原理，及其锻炼的重要性。
【47题详解】
下文“It’s easy to either miss the signs or just put it down to ageing — but it really is something you can affect. (人们很容易忽视这些迹象，或者只是把它归结为年龄的增长——但这确实是你可以影响的事情。)”说明有一种迹象，某些事情随着年龄增长就不能做了。选项E“也许你过去可以很快地用一条腿站起来穿鞋，但你在某个时候停止了这样做。”描述了下文所说的迹象，独立穿鞋的动作随着时间的推移，年龄的衰老就不得不停止。故选E项。
【48题详解】
上文“What is balance Technically, it’s the complex interaction of several different systems in your body — from muscles, nerves, eyesight and the inner ear to the sensory system that lets you recognise where your body is touching the ground, along with movement receptors within your joints that tell you where your body is in space. (什么是平衡？从技术上讲，这是你身体中几个不同系统的复杂相互作用——从肌肉、神经、视力和内耳到让你识别身体接触地面的感觉系统，以及关节内的运动感受器，它们告诉你身体在空间中的位置。)”说明平衡不是天生的，是身体几个不同系统的复杂相互作用而形成的感觉系统，选项C“它不是我们与生俱来的，也不是我们学到的，而是一种能力，我们在早期获得，随着时间的推移而失去。”进一步解释平衡的特点。故选C项。
【49题详解】
下文“Older women are far less active than older men, and general activity, just moving around and doing stuff, affects balance a lot. (老年女性远不如老年男性活跃，一般的活动，只是四处走动和做一些事情，会对平衡产生很大影响。)”说明应该保持活跃，老年后才能更好地保持平衡能力，选项A“早期干预是关键，所以你必须保持活跃。”建议早期干预，保持活跃。故选A项。
【50题详解】
下文“Resistance exercise, whether that means lifting weights or hiking with a backpack, comes with a host of other proven health benefits, from improved bone density to a reduced risk of Alzheimer’s. (抗阻力运动，无论是举重还是背着背包徒步旅行，都有许多其他被证明的健康益处，从改善骨密度到降低患阿尔茨海默氏症的风险。)”说明运动是有许多健康益处的，选项F“无论你选择什么活动，这给我们的教训是，在你需要保持平衡之前，不要等到它成为问题的时候再去锻炼。”引领下文，建议趁早进行运动。故选F项。
Ⅳ. Summary Writing (10分)
51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s)of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
It seems that deep, long-lasting happiness comes from intangible things, rather than things like chocolates and smart-phones. One essential factor is human relationships. People who have the support of family members and also have strong friendships are more likely to be happy. Feeling protected and respected and knowing you can trust in the people around you is vital. But happiness means you have to give and take. Performing acts of kindness and generosity on a regular basis, for example, listening to a friend in need or carrying a neighbor’s shopping, will make you feel on top of the world. Even a simple smile can work wonders. In fact, they say that one smile makes a person feel as good as eating 2,000 bars of chocolates(not all at once, of course).
It is not surprising that health is another key contributor to happiness. Poor health will certainly make you feel down in the mouth. But being healthy and staying healthy require some effort. A healthy diet is crucial and so is regular exercise. Laziness will not make you happy. Exercising for 20 to 30 minutes a day helps to reduce stress and anxiety and makes you feel more positive and optimistic because it releases endorphins(feel-good chemicals). So, if you have been feeling blue and worrying too much about your exams, get exercising. You’ll also find that you sleep better.
Talking of sleep, do you often wake up feeling miserable If so, it’s probably because you haven’t had enough of it. Teenagers tend to go to bed too late and have to get up early, so many suffer from a lack of sleep. Tiredness will certainly affect your happiness levels and put you in a bad mood. It also affects your ability to concentrate and may slow your growth. So if you want to be happy and do well at school, try to get at least eight hours of sleep a night. Now that you know the theory, it’s time to put it all into practice.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Sustainable happiness may well be more spiritual than material. The cozy relationship, at home or in the workplace, often makes people feel good. Another element of happiness is staying healthy. To attain this, one needs to keep a healthy diet and exercise regularly. Finally, happiness comes from good sleep. Quality sleep ensures cheerful mood and brings about sound academic performance.
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了深层次、持久的幸福感来自于无形的事物，如人际关系、健康和积极的行为等。文章提到了家庭和友谊的支持、善良和慷慨的行为、健康的饮食和锻炼、充足的睡眠等因素对幸福感的影响。
【详解】1 要点摘录
①It seems that deep, long-lasting happiness comes from intangible things, rather than things like chocolates and smart-phones.
②People who have the support of family members and also have strong friendships are more likely to be happy. Feeling protected and respected and knowing you can trust in the people around you is vital.
③It is not surprising that health is another key contributor to happiness.
④A healthy diet is crucial and so is regular exercise.
⑤ Tiredness will certainly affect your happiness levels and put you in a bad mood. It also affects your ability to concentrate and may slow your growth.
2.缜密构思
将第3要点进行重组，将第1、2两个要点以及4、5两个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
Sustainable happiness may be more spiritual than material.
Whether at home or in the workplace, close relationships tend to make people feel good.
Another element of happiness is staying healthy.
To achieve this goal, people need to maintain a healthy diet and exercise regularly.
In the end, happiness comes from good sleep. Quality sleep ensures a happy mood and leads to good academic performance.
【点睛】[高分句型1] The cozy relationship, at home or in the workplace, often makes people feel good..运用两个介词短语并列作状语，表达高级。
[高分句型2]：To attain this, one needs to keep a healthy diet and exercise regularly.用不定式结构表示目的，作状语，表达非常高级。
第二卷
Ⅴ. Translation (15分)
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
52. 景区可利用短视频提升知名度，助力文旅宣传。(facilitate) (汉译英)
___________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Scenic spots can use short videos to raise reputation/profile and facilitate the cultural tourism promotion.
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。“景区”可以翻译为“scenic spots”，在句中作主语。“可利用”可以翻译为“can use”，该结构在句中作谓语。“短视频”可翻译为“short videos”，在句中作use的宾语。“提升知名度”可翻译为“raise reputation/profile”，“助力”可用动词“facilitate”，“文化宣传”可翻译为“the cultural tourism promotion”，该名词短语作facilitate的宾语。“raise reputation/profile and facilitate the cultural tourism promotion”为并列的目的状，所以需要动词不定式。故翻译为Scenic spots can use short videos to raise reputation/profile and facilitate the cultural tourism promotion.
53. 他运动之前习惯热身和拉伸以避免受伤。(ritual) (汉译英)
___________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】He makes it a ritual to warm up and stretch before exercising to avoid getting injured.
【解析】
【详解】考查固定搭配，固定句式和动词不定式。本句描述一般事实，应用一般现在时。he作主语；表示“习惯”为a ritual；表示“热身”短语为warm up；表示“拉伸”动词为stretch；表示“运动之前”的短语为before exercising；表示“他运动之前习惯热身和拉伸”可用固定搭配He makes it a ritual to warm up and stretch before exercising，it作形式宾语，a ritual作宾补，动词不定式作真正的宾语；表示“避免做某事”应用avoid doing sth.。表示“以避免受伤”应用短语to avoid getting injured，动词不定式作目的状语。句首字母大写，故翻译为He makes it a ritual to warm up and stretch before exercising to avoid getting injured.
54. 为缓解人口老龄化的压力，中国政府正在建立更多的社区机构来为老年人的生活提供支持。(ease) (汉译英)
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【答案】To ease the pressure from the aging population, the Chinese government is now establishing more community agencies to support the lives of the elderly.
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词，时态和短语。分析句意可知，句子描述现阶段正在进行的动作用现在进行时，“为缓解人口老龄化的压力”作目的状语，用不定式形式，译为To ease the pressure from the aging population，主语the Chinese government“中国政府”，establish“建立”作谓语，用现在进行时，宾语“更多的社区”译为more community agencies，“来为老年人的生活提供支持”为目的状语，用不定式短语to support the lives of the elderly。故答案为To ease the pressure from the aging population, the Chinese government is now establishing more community agencies to support the lives of the elderly.
55. 网络红包的乐趣在于它的未知性，因为收到红包的人只有打开它时才知道自己到底抢到了多少钱。(until) (汉译英)
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【答案】The joy of online red packet lies in its unpredictability, for the one receiving it will never know how much he has grabbed until he opens it.
【解析】
【详解】考查固定搭配、非谓语动词、并列句、宾语从句和状语从句。根据汉语中的“因为……”可知，这里可用for引出表示原因的句子，for表示“因为”；根据汉语中的“只有……才……”可知，这里应用not/never until(直到……才)表示。“网络红包”可表示为online red packet；“……的乐趣”可表示为the joy of；“在于”可表示为lie in，为固定搭配；“未知性”可表示为unpredictability；“收到”可表示为receive，“红包”在前面已经提及，这里可用it代指，根据句中的“收到红包的人”可知，这里特指收到红包的那个人，应用the one表示，且“收到红包”作定语修饰the one，receive和the one之间是主谓关系，应用现在分词作后置定语，即the one receiving it；“打开”可表示为open；“知道”可表示为know；“抢到了多少钱”作“知道”的宾语，可用how much引导的宾语从句how much he has grabbed表示。故本句可翻译为：The joy of online red packet lies in its unpredictability, for the one receiving it will never know how much he has grabbed until he opens it.
Ⅵ. Guided Writing (25分)
56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假如你是明启中学的吴磊，高考结束之后，你的学校组织校友活动，请即将毕业的高三学生进班给高一高二的学弟学妹们传授经验，请结合自身经历写一篇发言稿。你的发言稿须：
1. 描述你在高中三年最大的收获；
2. 就如何过好高中生活，给出你的建议。
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【答案】Dear fellow students,
As we gather here today. I am filled with nostalgia, reminiscing about the journey we’ve undertaken together in our school. As a graduating senior. I am honored to share with you the most significant lessons I’ve learned during my time here.
First and foremost, the greatest takeaway from my high school experience has been the importance of perseverance and hard work. For example, when I first joined the debate club in my sophomore year, I struggled with public speaking. My advice to all of you is simple: embrace every opportunity and challenge that comes your way.
Moreover, never underestimate the power of time management and organization. Learn to prioritize your tasks, set realistic goals, and manage your time effectively.
In conclusion, high school is a journey filled with ups and downs, but it’s also a time of incredible growth and discovery. I wish you all the best in the high school journey and beyond.
Thank you.
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生结合自身经历写一篇发言稿，给高一高二的学弟学妹们传授经验。
【详解】1.词汇积累
充满：be filled with→ be full of
此外：Moreover→ What’s more
建议：advice→ suggestion
总之：In conclusion→ All in all
2.句式拓展
同义句转换
原句：In conclusion, high school is a journey filled with ups and downs, but it’s also a time of incredible growth and discovery.
拓展句：In conclusion, high school is a journey which is filled with ups and downs, but it’s also a time of incredible growth and discovery.
【点睛】【高分句型1】For example, when I first joined the debate club in my sophomore year, I struggled with public speaking.（运用了when引导的时间状语从句）
【高分句型2】As a graduating senior. I am honored to share with you the most significant lessons I’ve learned during my time here.（运用了省略了关系代词that的定语从句修饰先行词the most significant lessons）

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