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2024年高考适应性考试试题（一）
英语
注意事项：
1. 考生答卷前，务必将自己的姓名、座位号写在答题卡上,将条形码粘贴在规定区域。本试卷满分150分，考试时间120分钟。
2. 做选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号,写在本试卷上的答案无效。
3. 回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡的规定区域内，写在本试卷上的答案无效。
4. 考试结束后，将答题卡交回。
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. Where does the conversation probably take place
A. In the book store. B. In the register office. C. In the dorm building.
2. What is the weather like now
A. Sunny. B. Cloudy. C. Rainy.
3. What does the man want to do on the weekend
A. Do some gardening. B. Have a barbecue. C. Go fishing.
4. What are the speakers talking about
A Anew office. B. A change of their jobs. C. A former colleague.
5. What do we know about Andrew
A. He’s optimistic. B. He’s active. C. He’s shy.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白,每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6 Which of the following does the woman dislike
A. The bedroom. B. The sitting room. C. The kitchen.
7. What does the woman suggest they do next
A. Go to another agency. B. See some other flats. C. Visit the neighbours.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. What is the man doing
A. He’s making a phone call. B. He’s chairing a meeting. C. He’s hosting a program.
9. What makes Mrs. Johnson worried about her daughter in Africa
A. Lack of medical support.
B. Inconvenience of communication.
C. Poor transportation system.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. What position does the man apply for
A. A salesperson. B. An engineer. C. An accountant.
11. Which aspect of the company appeals to the man
A The company culture. B. The free accommodations. C. The competitive pay.
12. What is difficult for the man to deal with
A. Interpersonal relationships. B. Quality-quantity balance. C. Unplanned happenings.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. How does Robert sound when speaking of his being a writer
A. Hopeful. B. Grateful. C. Doubtful.
14. What was Robert like before he was 9 years old
A. He had wild imagination. B. He enjoyed sports. C. He loved science.
15. What did Robert’s father do
A. A teacher. B. A coach. C. A librarian.
16. What helped Robert become a writer
A. Writing daily. B. Listening to stories. C. Reading extensively.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. Where was Open Tchaikovsky Competition held in 1986
A. In Moscow. B. In Chelyabinsk. C. In Berlin.
18. What does Maxim say about the competition he attended at 10
A. It inspired many young musicians.
B. It was the music event of his dreams.
C. It was a life-changing experience.
19. Which kind of music are the young players required to play
A. Rock music. B. Pop music. C. Classical music.
20. What does Maxim value most in young players’ performance
A. Expressiveness. B. Smoothness. C. Completeness.
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Madrid’s Incredible Museums
CaixaForum
CaixaForum is a museum and cultural center that occupies an old power plant. From the outside the building appears to be floating, and there’s a vertical (垂直的) garden with 15,000 plant species growing on the side of one wall. Inside are four floors of paintings, photos, andmultimedia exhibitions, as well as workshops and a theater-auditorium. Even if you don’t enterany exhibitions, it’s worth stopping by to admire the building’s striking outer and innerarchitecture.
Hours: 10:00 AM to 8:00 PM daily
Free admission: May 15, 18, and November 9
Museo Sorolla
This small art gallery is dedicated to the Impressionist painter Joaquín Sorolla (1863-1923).The gallery is in his former home and studio, and they’ve preserved the original atmosphere wellso you get a feel for what it was like when he was living and working there.
Hours: Tuesday to Saturday from 9:30 AM to 8:00 PM
Sundays and holidays from 10:00 AM to 3:00 PM, closed Mondays
Free admission: Saturdays after 2:00 PM and Sundays
Museo del Romanticismo
This small museum focuses on the history and daily life of the Romantic period. The museum recreates the Romantic atmosphere in its room displays with furniture, carpets, jewelry, paintings, and other antiques of the time period.
Hours: Tuesday to Saturday from 9:30 AM to 6:30 PM
Sundays and holidays from 10:00 AM to 3:00 PM, closed Mondays
Free admission: Saturdays after 2:00 PM and Sundays
Museo Thyssen-Bornemisza
The Thyssen Museum began as the Thyssen family’s private collection of seven centuriesof European painting, regarded as one of the most important collections of the last century. In1992, it was converted into a public museum. It has a great variety of artists, styles, and time periods.
Hours:Mondays from 12:00 PM to 4:00 PM,
Tuesday to Sunday from 10:00 AM to 7:00 PM
Free admission:Mondays from 12:00 PM to 4:00 PM
1. What is special about CaixaForum
A. Its room displays.
B. Its historic exhibits.
C. Its striking structure.
D. Its original atmosphere.
2. When can we visit Museo Sorolla for free
A. 9:30 a.m. Sunday.
B. 2:30 p.m. Saturday.
C. 6:00 p.m. Tuesday.
D. 10:00 a.m. Monday.
3. What can be seen in both Museo Thyssen-Bornemisza and Museo del Romanticismo
A. Paintings. B. Carpets.
C. Jewelry. D. Furniture.
B
In 1959, Handler changed how toy dolls were made when she introduced “Barbie” to the world. With her mature figure, Barbie was one of the first “grown-up” dolls to hit the retail market.
Handler wanted to create a toy that was different from the baby dolls that dominated little girls’ toy boxes. She wanted a doll that girls could project their future dreams upon and allowed for limitless clothing and career choices. Inspired by paper dolls of the time, Handler, to much disagreement, made sure Barbie had the body of a grown woman.
“My own philosophy of Barbie,” Handler wrote in her autobiography, “was that through the doll, the little girl could be anything she wanted to be. Barbie always represented the fact that a woman had choices.”
There’s even a Barbie for cancer patients — Brave Barbie — a partnership between Mattel and CureSearch that sends a bald (光头的) Barbie to families affected by cancer. “Gifting my daughter a Barbie who suffered from cancer was tremendous,” Michelle, a cancer survivor said, “We would play with that Barbie together and I’d heartbreakingly watch her pretend to take the doll to the hospital for chemo (化疗), or place its long wig on top of its head and tell the doll ‘It’s time to be beautiful again.’”
Bald Barbie was super brave and went on awesome adventures after chemo. Sometimes she felt sick and needed to sleep, but would feel much better after a rest. Bald Barbie always beat the cancer and went on to live a long and happy life with her family. That Barbie became so much more than a plastic doll — she was a means of communication and a coping mechanism during an extremely distressing time for little families.
4. Why did Handler create Barbie
A. To make a hit in the retail market. B. To appeal to girls with her diverse outfits.
C. To do a project on women’s career choices. D. To inspire girls to make choices as they wish.
5. How might Michelle feel when watching her daughter with Brave Barbie
A. Sad yet comforted. B. Envious yet proud.
C. Overwhelmed and ashamed. D. Heartbroken and regretful.
6. What does Brave Barbie mean to Michelle’s family
A. A reliable emotional support. B. A glue for broken relationships.
C. An effective practical treatment. D. A secret medium of negotiation.
7. Where is the text probably taken from
A. A medical journal. B. A charity brochure.
C A financial report. D. A story collection.
C
Hiring processes can be thought of as a battle between integrity and dishonesty. You might imagine this is a simple fight between truth-seeking firms and self-promoting candidates, and to a certain extent it is. But companies themselves are prone (有倾向的) to bend reality out of shape in ways that are self-defeating.
Start with the obvious wrongdoers: job applicants. When it comes to writing the resume (简历), they tend to massage (美化) reality into the most appealing shape possible. Everyone beyond a certain level of experience is a transformational leader personally responsible for generating millions income; the world economy would be about 15 times bigger than it actually is if all such claims were true. The average British spends four and a half hours a day watching TV and online videos. But each average job candidate is an enthusiast for public welfare, using their spare time only for worthy purposes, like volunteering in soup kitchens.
But the tendency to stretch the truth infects companies as well as applicants. The typical firm will write a job description that invariably describes the work environment as fast-paced and innovative, and then lays out a set of improbable requirements for the “ideal candidate”, someone who almost by definition does not exist. Sometimes, the requirements include an ability to go back and change the course of history.
Too few firms offer an accurate account of what a position actually involves in their job previews, which are supposed to give prospective employees a genuine sense of the negatives and positives of the job, as well as a clear idea of the company’s corporate culture. One effective strategy is to lay out in text or video, what a typical day in the role would look like.
Such honesty can be its own reward. Research has long suggested that realistic job previews lead to lower turnover and higher employee satisfaction. A paper in 2011 by David Eamest of Towson University and his co-authors concluded that favourable perceptions of the organisation’s honesty are the best explanation for why. So a process designed to uncover the truth about job applicants would run a lot more smoothly if firms were also honest about themselves.
8. Why are “leader” and “enthusiast” mentioned in paragraph 2
A. To present a rule. B. To clarify a fact.
C. To make a comparison. D. To explain a phenomenon.
9. What does the underlined word “stretch” in paragraph 3 mean
A. Overstate. B. Overturn. C. Overlook. D. Overestimate.
10. What are job previews expected to be like in paragraph 4
A. They show a position as it is. B. They are made either in text or video.
C. They are favorable for bigger firms. D. They mainly contain negatives of a job.
11. What does the text mainly talk about
A. Pains and gains of employees. B. How to get the lying out of hiring.
C. How to be more appealing in hiring. D. A wrestle between applicants and companies.
D
People have come to understand the enormous impacts-beneficial as well as harmful- plastics have on human lives and the environment. As polymer (聚合物) scientists committed to inventing sustainable solutions for real-world problems, we set out to tackle the issue of plastic waste by rethinking the way polymers are designed so we could make plastics with recyclability built right in.
Everyday items including milk jug, grocery bags, and takeout containers are made from a class of polymers called polyolefins. These plastics are really durable (耐用的) because the chemical bonds in those polymers are extremely stable. In a world set up for disposable (一次性的) items, durability is no longer a design feature but rather a design drawback. Imagine if half the plastics used today were recyclable through twice as many processes as they are now. Also conventional recycling requires careful sorting of all the collected materials, which can be challenging with so many different plastics. For example, separating paper from metal doesn’t require complex technology, but sorting a container from a milk jug of a different polyolefin is difficult to do without the occasional mistake.
In a study published in Science in October 2023, we described a series of polymers with only two building blocks-one soft polymer and one hard polymer-that behave like polyolefins but could be chemically recycled. Connecting two different polymers multiple times until they form a single, long molecule (分子) creates what’s called a multiblock polymer. By changing how much of each polymer type goes into the multiblock polymer, our team produced a wide range of materials with properties that covered all polyolefin types.
Using the same strategy but by adding hydrogen, we could disconnect the polymers back into their building blocks and easily separate them to use again. When we made new polymers out of these recycled plastics, they performed just as well as the original materials even after several rounds of chemical recycling. So we were able to create materials with similar properties of the plastics the world relies on. We believe this work is a step toward more sustainable plastics.
12. What is paragraph 2 mainly about concerning plastics
A. Their multiple uses. B. Their chemical properties.
C. Their recycling challenges. D. Their classification criteria.
13. A key factor of producing diverse multiblock polymers is ______.
A mixing building blocks with long molecules
B. integrating chemicals into the two polymers
C. combining two different multiblock polymers
D. adjusting the percentage of the two polymers
14. Which is a feature of multiblock polymers
A. They are made from sustainable materials.
B. They can be recycled by adding hydrogen.
C. Their reliability outperforms traditional plastics.
D. Their properties change with rounds of recycling.
15. Which of the following might be the best title
A. Designing for Recycling B. Classifying Plastic Waste
C. Replace Plastics with Polymers D. Technology Creates the Future
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
How to Build Resilience
Resilience (适应力) is a crucial skill that can help us face the unpredictability of life and thrive in the face of adversity. ____16____ Whether it’s learning how to be resilient at work or how to be resilient to stress, use these strategies as a starting point for your resilience-building journey.
Nurture strong relationships
____17____ Having caring, supportive people around you acts as a protective factor during times of crisis. While simply talking about a situation with a friend or loved one won’t make your troubles go away, it allows you to share your feelings, get support, receive positive feedback, and come up with possible solutions to your problems.
____18____
Your physical well-being significantly impacts your resilience. A healthy body can cope better with stress and recover faster from illness or tiredness. Start to improve your health by integrating a simple exercise routine into your daily schedule, like a 30-minute stroll or a short yoga session. By taking care of yourself, you can boost your overall health and resilience and be fully ready to face life’s challenges.
Discover your purpose
A sense of purpose can give you direction and motivation, especially during tough times. Consider what goals you have, whether little or large. These goals give a sense of purpose to your life and keep you focused. Write down a list of things you want to accomplish in life. ____19____
Develop problem-solving skills
Whenever you encounter a new challenge, brainstorm some of the potential ways you could solve the problem. ____20____ By practicing your problem-solving skills on a regular basis, you will be better prepared to cope when a serious challenge emerges.
A. Prioritize physical health
B. Activate positive emotion
C. It’s important to have people you can trust.
D. It can be developed and enhanced over time.
E. Keep this list in a safe place and evaluate your progress regularly.
F. Experiment with different strategies to work through common problems.
G. It means the difference between handling pressure and losing your cool.
第三部分 英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
When my dad finally finished the triathlon (铁人三项)in Montauk, the crowd cheered. It showed me how his hard work paid off and it excited my____21____ . I wondered whether a small boy of my size could ____22____ something like that. I found myself ____23____this out loud and my father overheard me. He ____24____me and said I could train with him.
Training with my clad turned out to be very____25____. We would get up very early for a morning jog or go for a swim in the pool after school. After a few weeks of training, I ____26____ my first triathlon. Before the competition, I nervously waited for the____27____.
When someone fired the gun. I was off,____28____towards the distant buoy (浮标)that marked my turn. I finished the half-mile swim and ran towards my ____29____. I was dripping wet,trying to _____30_____it. Once on the bike, I experienced an excitement specific to _____31_____. I went through the transition zone and_____32_____ my running shoes. At the start of the run part of the triathlon, my_____33_____ already felt like they were made of cement (水泥).
For me, the real competition began during the run, because now I could see each competitor as a target. No matter my_____34_____in the field, each racer was either following me_____35_____ being followed. The run part of the race was in fact_____36_____tolerance.
“Shut up, legs”, one of my favorite sayings, kept me from thinking about the_____37_____feeling. Then I crossed the finish line. I took a breath and then began a(an)_____38_____with the other finishers. The sense of_____39_____was there for all of us.
Looking back, I remember the small boy on that day in Montauk who doubted whether he could_____40_____it, like his dad. Now, that same boy is not only a huge fan, but also a training partner as well.
21. A. pride B. congratulations C. concern D. curiosity
22. A. learn B. deserve C. achieve D. organize
23. A. saying B. figuring C. acting D. leaving
24. A. admired B. encouraged C. pushed D. convinced
25. A. unbearable B. exciting C. enjoyable D. challenging
26. A. learnt from B. suffered from C. signed up for D. dropped out of
27. A. signal B. announcement C. result D. permission
28. A. riding B. walking C. swimming D. dashing
29. A. bike B. horse C. destination D. coat
30. A. take off B. get on C. knock out D. put away
31. A. running B. traveling C. cycling D. swimming
32. A. kicked off B. switched to C. prepared for D. polished
33. A. arms B. clothes C. shoes D. legs
34. A. size B. position C. age D. career
35. A. or B. and C. but D. so
36. A. breathlessness B. thirst C. stress D. pain
37. A. winning B. nervous C. burning D. proud
38. A. suggestion B. celebration C. impression D. organization
39. A. accomplishment B. guilt C. sorrow D. participation
40. A. join B. move C. prove D. make
第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China is known as Xia for its grand etiquette (礼仪) culture, and known as Hua for its beautiful attire (衣裳). With the ____41____ (change) in society, economic development, and cultural development, clothing has evolved over thousands of years. However, while the forms may have been changed, the essence (本质) ____42____ (remain) constant.
“In ancient China, emperors like Huangdi. Yao, and Shun brought peace to the world through their clothing.” Clothing holds ____43____ significant place in Chinese culture. It is not only used for daily wear, ____44____ (cover) the body and protect it from cold but also as an instrument of management. In ancient Chinese society, there were strict rules and dress codes about clothing. The presence of clothing distinguished civilization ____45____ barbarism (野蛮), while changes in color and style ____46____ (gradual) developed into a form of etiquette. Their design conveyed behavioral norms and ____47____ (they) patterns were rich in cultural significance. Moreover, ancient attire were also an important carrier of morality. China has always been known as a nation ____48____ values formal attire and etiquette.
What is the Chinese style It is something that makes people think of China as soon as they see it. For example, the horse-face skirt, which ____49____ (favor) by international brands and Chinese people for many years, will continue to be attractive. Chinese clothing, as a classical style. has been known to the world overnight with good opportunities. It’s not just a traditional costume style but also a source of _____50_____ (admire).
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分35分）
第一节 短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
51. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处
错误,每句话中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（/）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：
1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
The traditional Chinese lunar year divides the year into 24 solar terms. On the first day of Winter Solstice(冬至), the Northern Hemisphere(半球)experiences the short day in the year, with the sun at its weakest point. The Winter Solstice also marks with the arrival of the coldest season in the year, brought with it a chill that can be felt in the air.
There is a saying in ancient China, “The Winter Solstice is as important as the Spring Festival.” As early as the Zhou Dynasty, people worshipped(崇拜)nature on the first day of the Winter Solstice, what was also the first day of the new year. The Winter Solstice becomes a winter festival during the Han Dynasty. Celebrations were official organized. On this day, both officials and common people would have the rest from their daily routine. During the following dynasty, such as the Tang, Song and Qing Dynasties, the Winter Solstice was a day to offer sacrifices(祭祀)for ancestors.
Overall, the Winter Solstice holds great significance in Chinese culture and has celebrated for centuries.
笫二节 书面表达（满分25分）
52. 你校将举办以“讲故事，话家风”为主题的英语演讲比赛。请以“My family tradition” 为题写一篇演讲稿参赛，内容包括：
1. 一件家风小事；
2. 对你的影响。
注意：1. 写作词数应为80个左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答
My family tradition
It’s an honor to talk about my family tradition.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
听力：1—5 BACCB 6—10 CBCBC 11—15ACBBA 16—20 CACCA2024年高考适应性考试试题（一）
英语
注意事项：
1. 考生答卷前，务必将自己的姓名、座位号写在答题卡上,将条形码粘贴在规定区域。本试卷满分150分，考试时间120分钟。
2. 做选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号,写在本试卷上的答案无效。
3. 回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡的规定区域内，写在本试卷上的答案无效。
4. 考试结束后，将答题卡交回。
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. Where does the conversation probably take place
A. In the book store. B. In the register office. C. In the dorm building.
2. What is the weather like now
A. Sunny. B. Cloudy. C. Rainy.
3. What does the man want to do on the weekend
A. Do some gardening. B. Have a barbecue. C. Go fishing.
4. What are the speakers talking about
A. Anew office. B. A change of their jobs. C. A former colleague.
5. What do we know about Andrew
A. He’s optimistic. B. He’s active. C. He’s shy.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白,每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. Which of the following does the woman dislike
A. The bedroom. B. The sitting room. C. The kitchen.
7. What does the woman suggest they do next
A. Go to another agency. B. See some other flats. C. Visit the neighbours.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. What is the man doing
A. He’s making a phone call. B. He’s chairing a meeting. C. He’s hosting a program.
9. What makes Mrs. Johnson worried about her daughter in Africa
A. Lack of medical support.
B. Inconvenience of communication.
C. Poor transportation system.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. What position does the man apply for
A. A salesperson. B. An engineer. C. An accountant.
11. Which aspect of the company appeals to the man
A. The company culture. B. The free accommodations. C. The competitive pay.
12. What is difficult for the man to deal with
A. Interpersonal relationships. B. Quality-quantity balance. C. Unplanned happenings.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. How does Robert sound when speaking of his being a writer
A. Hopeful. B. Grateful. C. Doubtful.
14. What was Robert like before he was 9 years old
A. He had wild imagination. B. He enjoyed sports. C. He loved science.
15. What did Robert’s father do
A. A teacher. B. A coach. C. A librarian.
16. What helped Robert become a writer
A. Writing daily. B. Listening to stories. C. Reading extensively.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. Where was Open Tchaikovsky Competition held in 1986
A. In Moscow. B. In Chelyabinsk. C. In Berlin.
18. What does Maxim say about the competition he attended at 10
A. It inspired many young musicians.
B It was the music event of his dreams.
C. It was a life-changing experience.
19. Which kind of music are the young players required to play
A. Rock music. B. Pop music. C. Classical music.
20. What does Maxim value most in young players’ performance
A. Expressiveness. B. Smoothness. C. Completeness.
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Madrid’s Incredible Museums
CaixaForum
CaixaForum is a museum and cultural center that occupies an old power plant. From the outside the building appears to be floating, and there’s a vertical (垂直的) garden with 15,000 plant species growing on the side of one wall. Inside are four floors of paintings, photos, andmultimedia exhibitions, as well as workshops and a theater-auditorium. Even if you don’t enterany exhibitions, it’s worth stopping by to admire the building’s striking outer and innerarchitecture.
Hours: 10:00 AM to 8:00 PM daily
Free admission: May 15, 18, and November 9
Museo Sorolla
This small art gallery is dedicated to the Impressionist painter Joaquín Sorolla (1863-1923).The gallery is in his former home and studio, and they’ve preserved the original atmosphere wellso you get a feel for what it was like when he was living and working there.
Hours: Tuesday to Saturday from 9:30 AM to 8:00 PM
Sundays and holidays from 10:00 AM to 3:00 PM, closed Mondays
Free admission: Saturdays after 2:00 PM and Sundays
Museo del Romanticismo
This small museum focuses on the history and daily life of the Romantic period. The museum recreates the Romantic atmosphere in its room displays with furniture, carpets, jewelry, paintings, and other antiques of the time period.
Hours: Tuesday to Saturday from 9:30 AM to 6:30 PM
Sundays and holidays from 10:00 AM to 3:00 PM, closed Mondays
Free admission: Saturdays after 2:00 PM and Sundays
Museo Thyssen-Bornemisza
The Thyssen Museum began as the Thyssen family’s private collection of seven centuriesof European painting regarded as one of the most important collections of the last century. In1992, it was converted into a public museum. It has a great variety of artists, styles, and time periods.
Hours:Mondays from 12:00 PM to 4:00 PM,
Tuesday to Sunday from 10:00 AM to 7:00 PM
Free admission:Mondays from 12:00 PM to 4:00 PM
1. What is special about CaixaForum
A. Its room displays.
B. Its historic exhibits.
C. Its striking structure.
D. Its original atmosphere.
2. When can we visit Museo Sorolla for free
A. 9:30 a.m. Sunday.
B. 2:30 p.m. Saturday.
C. 6:00 p.m. Tuesday.
D. 10:00 a.m. Monday.
3. What can be seen in both Museo Thyssen-Bornemisza and Museo del Romanticismo
A. Paintings. B. Carpets.
C. Jewelry. D. Furniture.
【答案】1. C 2. B 3. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了马德里几个令人惊叹的博物馆。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据CaixaForum中的“From the outside the building appears to be floating, and there’s a vertical (垂直的)garden with 15,000 plant species growing on the side of one wall. (从外面看，这座建筑似乎是漂浮的，一面墙上有一个垂直花园，有15000种植物生长。)”可知，CaixaForum特别之处在于它惊人的结构。故选C。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Museo Sorolla中的“Free admission: Saturdays after 2:00 PM and Sundays (免费入场：星期六下午2:00 后及星期日)”可知，周六下午2:30可以免费参观Museo Sorolla。故选B。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据Museo del Romanticismo中的“The museum recreates the Romantic atmosphere in its room displays with furniture, carpets, jewelry, paintings, and other antiques of the time period. (博物馆用当时的家具、地毯、珠宝、绘画和其他古董在房间里再现了浪漫的氛围。)”和Museo Thyssen-Bornemisza中的“The Thyssen Museum began as the Thyssen family’s private collection of seven centuries of European painting, regarded as one of the most important collections of the last century. (蒂森博物馆最初是蒂森家族的私人收藏，收藏了七个世纪的欧洲绘画作品，被认为是上世纪最重要的收藏之一。)”可知，Museo del Romanticismo和Museo Thyssen-Bornemisza都能看到绘画。故选A。
B
In 1959, Handler changed how toy dolls were made when she introduced “Barbie” to the world. With her mature figure, Barbie was one of the first “grown-up” dolls to hit the retail market.
Handler wanted to create a toy that was different from the baby dolls that dominated little girls’ toy boxes. She wanted a doll that girls could project their future dreams upon and allowed for limitless clothing and career choices. Inspired by paper dolls of the time, Handler, to much disagreement, made sure Barbie had the body of a grown woman.
“My own philosophy of Barbie,” Handler wrote in her autobiography, “was that through the doll, the little girl could be anything she wanted to be. Barbie always represented the fact that a woman had choices.”
There’s even a Barbie for cancer patients — Brave Barbie — a partnership between Mattel and CureSearch that sends a bald (光头的) Barbie to families affected by cancer. “Gifting my daughter a Barbie who suffered from cancer was tremendous,” Michelle, a cancer survivor said, “We would play with that Barbie together and I’d heartbreakingly watch her pretend to take the doll to the hospital for chemo (化疗), or place its long wig on top of its head and tell the doll ‘It’s time to be beautiful again.’”
Bald Barbie was super brave and went on awesome adventures after chemo. Sometimes she felt sick and needed to sleep, but would feel much better after a rest. Bald Barbie always beat the cancer and went on to live a long and happy life with her family. That Barbie became so much more than a plastic doll — she was a means of communication and a coping mechanism during an extremely distressing time for little families.
4. Why did Handler create Barbie
A. To make a hit in the retail market. B. To appeal to girls with her diverse outfits.
C. To do a project on women’s career choices. D. To inspire girls to make choices as they wish.
5. How might Michelle feel when watching her daughter with Brave Barbie
A. Sad yet comforted. B. Envious yet proud.
C. Overwhelmed and ashamed. D. Heartbroken and regretful.
6. What does Brave Barbie mean to Michelle’s family
A. A reliable emotional support. B. A glue for broken relationships.
C. An effective practical treatment. D. A secret medium of negotiation.
7. Where is the text probably taken from
A. A medical journal. B. A charity brochure.
C. A financial report. D. A story collection.
【答案】4. D 5. A 6. A 7. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Handler创造芭比娃娃的初衷，以及其中一个名为Brave Barbie的洋娃娃对一个癌症女孩的帮助。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段的“She wanted a doll that girls could project their future dreams upon and allowed for limitless clothing and career choices. (她想要一个女孩们可以投射未来梦想的娃娃，并允许无限的服装和职业选择)”和第三段的“the little girl could be anything she wanted to be. Barbie always represented the fact that a woman had choices.(通过这个娃娃，小女孩可以成为任何她想成为的人。芭比娃娃一直代表着女性拥有选择权的事实)”可推知， Handler创造Barbie的目的是让激励女孩根据自己的意愿做出选择。故选D。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的““Gifting my daughter a Barbie who suffered from cancer was tremendous,” Michelle, a cancer survivor said, “We would play with that Barbie together and I’d heartbreakingly watch her pretend to take the doll to the hospital for chemo (化疗), or place its long wig on top of its head and tell the doll ‘It’s time to be beautiful again.’”(“送给我患癌症的女儿一个芭比娃娃真是太棒了，”癌症幸存者米歇尔说，“给我的女儿一个患了癌症的芭比娃娃是一件非常美妙的事情。我们会一起玩那个芭比娃娃，我心碎地看着她假装带着芭比娃娃去医院化疗，或者把它的长假发戴在它的头上，告诉它‘是时候变漂亮了’”)”可推知，Michelle看到女儿和Brave Barbie一起感到欣慰的同时也很难过。故选A。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Bald Barbie always beat the cancer and went on to live a long and happy life with her family. That Barbie became so much more than a plastic doll — she was a means of communication and a coping mechanism during an extremely distressing time for little families.(秃头芭比总是战胜癌症，并继续与她的家人过着漫长而幸福的生活。芭比娃娃不仅仅是一个塑料娃娃——她是一个沟通的工具，也是一个在小家庭极度痛苦时期的应对机制)”可推知，Brave Barbie对于米歇尔一家而言是可靠的情感支持，帮助女儿和这个家庭应对极度痛苦的阶段。故选A。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了Handler创造芭比娃娃的初衷，以及其中一个名为Brave Barbie的洋娃娃对一个癌症女孩和其家庭的帮助。由此推知，本文很有可能来自一本故事集。故选D。
C
Hiring processes can be thought of as a battle between integrity and dishonesty. You might imagine this is a simple fight between truth-seeking firms and self-promoting candidates, and to a certain extent it is. But companies themselves are prone (有倾向的) to bend reality out of shape in ways that are self-defeating.
Start with the obvious wrongdoers: job applicants. When it comes to writing the resume (简历), they tend to massage (美化) reality into the most appealing shape possible. Everyone beyond a certain level of experience is a transformational leader personally responsible for generating millions income; the world economy would be about 15 times bigger than it actually is if all such claims were true. The average British spends four and a half hours a day watching TV and online videos. But each average job candidate is an enthusiast for public welfare, using their spare time only for worthy purposes, like volunteering in soup kitchens.
But the tendency to stretch the truth infects companies as well as applicants. The typical firm will write a job description that invariably describes the work environment as fast-paced and innovative, and then lays out a set of improbable requirements for the “ideal candidate”, someone who almost by definition does not exist. Sometimes, the requirements include an ability to go back and change the course of history.
Too few firms offer an accurate account of what a position actually involves in their job previews, which are supposed to give prospective employees a genuine sense of the negatives and positives of the job, as well as a clear idea of the company’s corporate culture. One effective strategy is to lay out in text or video, what a typical day in the role would look like.
Such honesty can be its own reward. Research has long suggested that realistic job previews lead to lower turnover and higher employee satisfaction. A paper in 2011 by David Eamest of Towson University and his co-authors concluded that favourable perceptions of the organisation’s honesty are the best explanation for why. So a process designed to uncover the truth about job applicants would run a lot more smoothly if firms were also honest about themselves.
8. Why are “leader” and “enthusiast” mentioned in paragraph 2
A. To present a rule. B. To clarify a fact.
C. To make a comparison. D. To explain a phenomenon.
9. What does the underlined word “stretch” in paragraph 3 mean
A. Overstate. B. Overturn. C. Overlook. D. Overestimate.
10. What are job previews expected to be like in paragraph 4
A. They show a position as it is. B. They are made either in text or video.
C. They are favorable for bigger firms. D. They mainly contain negatives of a job.
11. What does the text mainly talk about
A. Pains and gains of employees. B. How to get the lying out of hiring.
C. How to be more appealing in hiring. D. A wrestle between applicants and companies.
【答案】8. D 9. A 10. A 11. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章介绍了招聘过程中求职者和公司都倾向于夸大事实，很少有公司提供真实的职位预览，但研究表明诚实是一种回报，真实的职位预览会降低离职率，提高员工满意度。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。第二段中“When it comes to writing the resume (简历), they tend to massage (美化) reality into the most appealing shape possible.(在写简历的时候，他们倾向于把现实情况美化成最吸引人的样子)”提到求职者写简历时会美化现实，下文“Everyone beyond a certain level of experience is a transformational leader personally responsible for generating millions income(每个经验稍长的人都是变革型领导者，个人负责创造数百万的收入)”和“But each average job candidate is an enthusiast for public welfare, using their spare time only for worthy purposes, like volunteering in soup kitchens.(但平均每位求职者都热衷于公益事业，他们只把业余时间用于有价值的目的，比如在施粥处做志愿)”都是举例具体说明上述现象，故选D。
【9题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词下文“as well as applicants(和申请者一样)”以及“The typical firm will write a job description that invariably describes the work environment as fast-paced and innovative, and then lays out a set of improbable requirements for the ‘ideal candidate’, someone who almost by definition does not exist.(典型的公司会撰写一份工作描述，总是将工作环境描述为快节奏和创新的，并提出一套对‘理想候选人’的不太可能的要求，几乎按定义来说，这样的人并不存在)”可知，公司和申请者一样，也有夸大事实的倾向，stretch意为“夸大”，故选A。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“Too few firms offer an accurate account of what a position actually involves in their job previews, which are supposed to give prospective employees a genuine sense of the negatives and positives of the job, as well as a clear idea of the company’s corporate culture. One effective strategy is to lay out in text or video, what a typical day in the role would look like.(很少有公司会在职位预览中准确地描述一个职位的实际工作内容，而预览的目的是让未来的员工真正了解这份工作的优缺点，以及公司的企业文化。一个有效的策略是在文字或视频中列出这个职位的典型一天是怎么过的)”可知，职位预览应该展示一个职位的真实情况，故选A。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合最后一段中“Such honesty can be its own reward.(这种诚实本身就是一种回报)”可知，文章介绍了招聘过程中求职者和公司都倾向于夸大事实，很少有公司提供真实的职位预览，但研究表明诚实是一种回报，真实的职位预览会降低离职率，提高员工满意度，B项“如何消除招聘中的谎言”能够总结文章大意，故选B。
D
People have come to understand the enormous impacts-beneficial as well as harmful- plastics have on human lives and the environment. As polymer (聚合物) scientists committed to inventing sustainable solutions for real-world problems, we set out to tackle the issue of plastic waste by rethinking the way polymers are designed so we could make plastics with recyclability built right in.
Everyday items including milk jug, grocery bags, and takeout containers are made from a class of polymers called polyolefins. These plastics are really durable (耐用的) because the chemical bonds in those polymers are extremely stable. In a world set up for disposable (一次性的) items, durability is no longer a design feature but rather a design drawback. Imagine if half the plastics used today were recyclable through twice as many processes as they are now. Also conventional recycling requires careful sorting of all the collected materials, which can be challenging with so many different plastics. For example, separating paper from metal doesn’t require complex technology, but sorting a container from a milk jug of a different polyolefin is difficult to do without the occasional mistake.
In a study published in Science in October 2023, we described a series of polymers with only two building blocks-one soft polymer and one hard polymer-that behave like polyolefins but could be chemically recycled. Connecting two different polymers multiple times until they form a single, long molecule (分子) creates what’s called a multiblock polymer. By changing how much of each polymer type goes into the multiblock polymer, our team produced a wide range of materials with properties that covered all polyolefin types.
Using the same strategy but by adding hydrogen, we could disconnect the polymers back into their building blocks and easily separate them to use again. When we made new polymers out of these recycled plastics, they performed just as well as the original materials even after several rounds of chemical recycling. So we were able to create materials with similar properties of the plastics the world relies on. We believe this work is a step toward more sustainable plastics.
12. What is paragraph 2 mainly about concerning plastics
A. Their multiple uses. B. Their chemical properties.
C. Their recycling challenges. D. Their classification criteria.
13. A key factor of producing diverse multiblock polymers is ______.
A. mixing building blocks with long molecules
B. integrating chemicals into the two polymers
C. combining two different multiblock polymers
D. adjusting the percentage of the two polymers
14. Which is a feature of multiblock polymers
A. They are made from sustainable materials.
B. They can be recycled by adding hydrogen.
C. Their reliability outperforms traditional plastics.
D. Their properties change with rounds of recycling.
15. Which of the following might be the best title
A. Designing for Recycling B. Classifying Plastic Waste
C. Replace Plastics with Polymers D. Technology Creates the Future
【答案】12. C 13. D 14. B 15. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了聚合物科学家如何致力于解决塑料废物问题，通过重新设计聚合物的结构以实现其可回收性。
【12题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“ In a world set up for disposable (一次性的) items, durability is no longer a design feature but rather a design drawback. Imagine if half the plastics used today were recyclable through twice as many processes as they are now. Also conventional recycling requires careful sorting of all the collected materials, which can be challenging with so many different plastics. For example, separating paper from metal doesn’t require complex technology, but sorting a container from a milk jug of a different polyolefin is difficult to do without the occasional mistake.(在一次性物品的世界中，耐用性不再是一个设计特征，而是一个设计缺陷。想象一下，如果今天使用的一半塑料可以通过两倍于现在的过程进行回收。此外，传统的回收需要对所有收集到的材料进行仔细的分类，这对于这么多不同的塑料来说是具有挑战性的。例如，将纸和金属分开并不需要复杂的技术，但将一个容器和一个牛奶罐中不同的聚烯烃进行分类却很难做到没有偶尔的错误。)”可知，文章第二段主要讲述的是关于塑料回收的挑战。故选C。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“In a study published in Science in October 2023, we described a series of polymers with only two building blocks-one soft polymer and one hard polymer-that behave like polyolefins but could be chemically recycled. Connecting two different polymers multiple times until they form a single, long molecule (分子) creates what’s called a multiblock polymer. By changing how much of each polymer type goes into the multiblock polymer, our team produced a wide range of materials with properties that covered all polyolefin types.(在2023年10月发表在《科学》杂志上的一项研究中，我们描述了一系列聚合物，它们只有两种基本成分——一种软聚合物和一种硬聚合物——它们的行为像聚烯烃，但可以化学回收。将两种不同的聚合物多次连接，直到它们形成一个单一的长分子，就形成了所谓的多嵌段聚合物。通过改变多嵌段聚合物中每种聚合物的含量，我们的团队生产出了各种各样的材料，其性能涵盖了所有类型的聚烯烃。)”可知，生产多种多嵌段聚合物的关键因素是调整两种聚合物的含量。故选D。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Using the same strategy but by adding hydrogen, we could disconnect the polymers back into their building blocks and easily separate them to use again. When we made new polymers out of these recycled plastics, they performed just as well as the original materials even after several rounds of chemical recycling. (使用相同的策略，但通过添加氢，我们可以将聚合物分离回它们的组成部分，并轻松地将它们分离出来再次使用。当我们用这些回收塑料制成新的聚合物时，即使经过几轮化学回收，它们的性能也和原始材料一样好。)”可知，多嵌段聚合物可以通过添加氢的方式被分离出来再次使用。故选B。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“People have come to understand the enormous impacts-beneficial as well as harmful- plastics have on human lives and the environment. As polymer (聚台物) scientists committed to inventing sustainable solutions for real-world problems, we set out to tackle the issue of plastic waste by rethinking the way polymers are designed so we could make plastics with recyclability built right in.(人们已经开始了解塑料对人类生活和环境的巨大影响，既有有益的，也有有害的。聚合物科学家致力于为现实世界的问题发明可持续的解决方案，我们开始通过重新思考聚合物的设计方式来解决塑料垃圾问题，这样我们就可以制造出具有可回收性的塑料。)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了聚合物科学家如何通过重新设计聚合物的结构来解决塑料废物问题，以实现其可回收性。文章强调了设计的重要性，并介绍了如何通过特殊的化学方法制造和回收一种新型的多嵌段聚合物。因此，最能概括文章主题的标题应该是强调“设计”和“回收”这两个关键词的。故选A。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
How to Build Resilience
Resilience (适应力) is a crucial skill that can help us face the unpredictability of life and thrive in the face of adversity. ____16____ Whether it’s learning how to be resilient at work or how to be resilient to stress, use these strategies as a starting point for your resilience-building journey.
Nurture strong relationships
____17____ Having caring, supportive people around you acts as a protective factor during times of crisis. While simply talking about a situation with a friend or loved one won’t make your troubles go away, it allows you to share your feelings, get support, receive positive feedback, and come up with possible solutions to your problems.
____18____
Your physical well-being significantly impacts your resilience. A healthy body can cope better with stress and recover faster from illness or tiredness. Start to improve your health by integrating a simple exercise routine into your daily schedule, like a 30-minute stroll or a short yoga session. By taking care of yourself, you can boost your overall health and resilience and be fully ready to face life’s challenges.
Discover your purpose
A sense of purpose can give you direction and motivation, especially during tough times. Consider what goals you have, whether little or large. These goals give a sense of purpose to your life and keep you focused. Write down a list of things you want to accomplish in life. ____19____
Develop problem-solving skills
Whenever you encounter a new challenge, brainstorm some of the potential ways you could solve the problem. ____20____ By practicing your problem-solving skills on a regular basis, you will be better prepared to cope when a serious challenge emerges.
A. Prioritize physical health
B. Activate positive emotion
C. It’s important to have people you can trust.
D. It can be developed and enhanced over time.
E. Keep this list in a safe place and evaluate your progress regularly.
F. Experiment with different strategies to work through common problems.
G. It means the difference between handling pressure and losing your cool.
【答案】16. D 17. C 18. A 19. E 20. F
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。旨在指导读者如何建立适应力。
【16题详解】
根据上文“Resilience(适应力)is a crucial skill that can help us face the unpredictability of life and thrive in the face of adversity.( 韧性是一种至关重要的技能，可以帮助我们面对生活的不可预测性，并在逆境中茁壮成长)”和后文列举的提高适应力的策略可知，空处最有可能指出适应力是可以随着时间的推移而发展和提高的，与D项“It can be developed and enhanced over time(它可以随着时间的推移而发展和增强)”表达的含义一致，故选D项。
【17题详解】
根据下文“Having caring, supportive people around you acts as a protective factor during times of crisis(在危机时刻，身边有关心和支持你的人是一个保护因素)”可知，拥有可信任的人是很重要的，与C项“It’s important to have people you can trust(拥有可以信任的人是很重要的)”表达的含义一致，故选C项。
【18题详解】
空处为本段小标题。根据下文“Your physical well-being significantly impacts your resilience.(你的身体健康状况会显著影响你的恢复力)”可知，身体健康对于建立适应力是非常重要的，与A项“Prioritize physical health(优先考虑身体健康)”符合题意，故选A项。
【19题详解】
空处位于段末，应承接上文，根据上文“Write down a list of things you want to accomplish in life(写下你想在生活中完成的事情的清单)”可知，空处最后可能提到如何处理这张清单，与E项“Keep this list in a safe place and evaluate your progress regularly.( 把这份清单保存在安全的地方，并定期评估你的进步。)”表达的含义一致，this list指上文的a list。故选E项。
【20题详解】
根据上文“Whenever you encounter a new challenge, brainstorm some of the potential ways you could solve the problem.( 每当你遇到新的挑战时，集思广益，找出一些可能解决问题的方法)”以及下文“By practicing your problem-solving skills on a regular basis, you will be better prepared to cope when a serious challenge emerges(通过定期练习解决问题的技能，你将更好地准备应对出现的严重挑战)”可知，此处上下文说的是要学会使用多种办法解决问题，磨练自己的解决问题能力，与F项“Experiment with different strategies to work through common problems.(尝试使用不同的策略来解决常见问题。)”表达的含义一致，故选F项。
第三部分 英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
When my dad finally finished the triathlon (铁人三项)in Montauk, the crowd cheered. It showed me how his hard work paid off and it excited my____21____ . I wondered whether a small boy of my size could ____22____ something like that. I found myself ____23____this out loud and my father overheard me. He ____24____me and said I could train with him.
Training with my clad turned out to be very____25____. We would get up very early for a morning jog or go for a swim in the pool after school. After a few weeks of training, I ____26____ my first triathlon. Before the competition, I nervously waited for the____27____.
When someone fired the gun. I was off,____28____towards the distant buoy (浮标)that marked my turn. I finished the half-mile swim and ran towards my ____29____. I was dripping wet,trying to _____30_____it. Once on the bike, I experienced an excitement specific to _____31_____. I went through the transition zone and_____32_____ my running shoes. At the start of the run part of the triathlon, my_____33_____ already felt like they were made of cement (水泥).
For me, the real competition began during the run, because now I could see each competitor as a target. No matter my_____34_____in the field, each racer was either following me_____35_____ being followed. The run part of the race was in fact_____36_____tolerance.
“Shut up, legs”, one of my favorite sayings, kept me from thinking about the_____37_____feeling. Then I crossed the finish line. I took a breath and then began a(an)_____38_____with the other finishers. The sense of_____39_____was there for all of us.
Looking back, I remember the small boy on that day in Montauk who doubted whether he could_____40_____it, like his dad. Now, that same boy is not only a huge fan, but also a training partner as well.
21. A. pride B. congratulations C. concern D. curiosity
22. A. learn B. deserve C. achieve D. organize
23. A. saying B. figuring C. acting D. leaving
24. A. admired B. encouraged C. pushed D. convinced
25. A. unbearable B. exciting C. enjoyable D. challenging
26. A. learnt from B. suffered from C. signed up for D. dropped out of
27. A. signal B. announcement C. result D. permission
28. A. riding B. walking C. swimming D. dashing
29. A. bike B. horse C. destination D. coat
30. A. take off B. get on C. knock out D. put away
31. A. running B. traveling C. cycling D. swimming
32. A. kicked off B. switched to C. prepared for D. polished
33. A. arms B. clothes C. shoes D. legs
34 A. size B. position C. age D. career
35. A. or B. and C. but D. so
36. A. breathlessness B. thirst C. stress D. pain
37. A. winning B. nervous C. burning D. proud
38. A. suggestion B. celebration C. impression D. organization
39. A. accomplishment B. guilt C. sorrow D. participation
40. A. join B. move C. prove D. make
【答案】21. D 22. C 23. A 24. B 25. D 26. C 27. A 28. C 29. A 30. B 31. C 32. B 33. D 34. B 35. A 36. D 37. C 38. B 39. A 40. D
【解析】
【分析】本文是记叙文。作者以自己参加铁人三项赛的经历说明：在比赛中，当你觉得自己筋疲力尽时，不要放弃，坚持下去，直到抵达终点。不管成绩或名次如何，你都会有一份属于自己的成就感。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：它向我展示了他的努力是如何得到回报的，也激发了我的好奇心。A. pride自豪；B. congratulations祝贺；C. concern关心；D. curiosity好奇。根据“I wondered whether a small boy of my size could ____2____ something like that.”可知，它向作者展示了父亲的努力是如何得到回报的，也激发了作者的好奇心。故选D项。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我想知道像我这么大的一个小男孩是否能取得这样的成就。A. learn学习；B. deserve值得；C.achieve 实现，取得；D.organize组织。根据“When my dad finally finished the triathlon (铁人三项)in Montauk”可知，作者想知道像作者这么大的一个小男孩是否能取得这样的成就。故选C项。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我大声说出来我的想法，被父亲听到了。A. saying说；B. figuring 认为；C. acting 行动；D. leaving离开。根据“my father overheard me”可知，作者大声说出自己的想法被父亲听到了。故选A项。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他鼓励我说我可以和他一起训练。A. admired羡慕；B. encouraged鼓励；C. pushed推；D. convinced说服。根据“said I could train with him.”可知，父亲在鼓励作者。故选B项。
【25题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：和我的爸爸训练非常有挑战性。A. unbearable无法接受的；B. exciting令人兴奋的；C. enjoyable有乐趣的；D. challenging有挑战的。根据“We would get up very early for a morning jog or go for a swim in the pool after school.”可知，和爸爸训练非常有挑战性。故选D项。
【26题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：经过几周的训练，我第一次报名参加了铁人三项比赛。A. learnt from从……学得；B. suffered from遭受；C.signed up for签约加入，报名；D. dropped out of退出。根据“Before the competition”结合后文作者在比赛中的表现和感想可知，经过几周的训练，作者第一次报名参加了铁人三项比赛。故选C项。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：比赛前，我紧张地等待着信号的发出。A. signal信号；B. announcement宣布；C. result结果；D. permission允许。根据“When someone fired the gun.”可知，作者紧张地等待着信号的发出。故选A项。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当枪声响起时，我出发了，游向标记着我转弯的远处的浮标。A. riding骑车；B. walking步行；C. swimming游泳；D. dashing猛冲。根据“I finished the half-mile swim”可知，作者游向标记着作者转弯的远处的浮标。故选C项。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我游完了半英里，朝我的自行车跑去。A. bike自行车；B. horse马；C. destination目的地； D. coat外套。根据“Once on the bike”可知，作者游完了半英里，朝自行车跑去。故选A项。
【30题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：我浑身湿淋淋的，努力地骑上自行车。A. take off起飞；B. get on 上车；C. knock out 摧毁；D. put away收拾。根据“Once on the bike”可知，作者努力地骑上自行车。故选B项。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：一骑上自行车上，我体验到一种骑自行车特有的兴奋感。A. running跑；B. traveling旅行；C. cycling 骑自行车；D. swimming游泳。根据常识可知，骑上自行车上当然是体验到一种骑自行车特有的兴奋感。选C项。
【32题详解】
考查动词短语和动词词义辨析。句意：我穿过过渡区，换上了我的跑鞋。A. kicked off开球；B. switched to转向，切换到；C. prepared for 为……准备；D. polished擦光。根据“my running shoes”可知，作者换上了自己的跑鞋。故选B项。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在铁人三项赛跑开始的时候，我的腿已经感觉像水泥做的了。A. arms手臂；B. clothes衣服；C. shoes鞋；D. legs腿。根据“At the start of the run part of the triathlon”以及““Shut up, legs””可知，作者的腿已经感觉像水泥做的了。故选D项。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：不管我在赛场上的位置如何，每个参赛者要么正在追赶要么被追赶。A. size尺寸；B. position位置；C. age年龄；D. career职业。根据“each racer was either following me ____15____ being followed.”可知，不管作者在赛场上的位置如何，每个参赛者要么正在追赶要么被追赶。故选B项。
【35题详解】
考查连词词义辨析。句意：不管我在赛场上的位置如何，每个参赛者要么正在追赶要么被追赶。A. or或者；B. and和；C. but但是； D. so所以。either…or…“或者……或者……；要么......要么......”。故选A项。
【36题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：比赛的跑步部分实际上是对疼痛的容忍。A. breathlessness呼吸急促；B. thirst口渴；C. stress 压力；D. pain疼痛。根据上文“my　　　　　13　　　　　 already felt like they were made of cement (水泥).”和“tolerance”可知，比赛的跑步部分实际上是对疼痛的容忍。故选D项。
【37题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“闭嘴，腿”，我最喜欢的一句话，让我不去想那种灼热的感觉。A. winning获胜的；B. nervous紧张的；C. burning强烈的，发热的；D. proud自豪的。根据“The run part of the race was in fact ____16____ tolerance.”可知，作者最喜欢的一句话，让作者不去想比赛时那种灼热的感觉。故选C项。
【38题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我深吸了一口气，然后开始和其他到达终点的选手一起庆祝。A. suggestion建议；B. celebration庆祝；C. impression印象；D. organization组织。根据“Then I crossed the finish line.”可知，作者开始和其他到达终点的选手一起庆祝。故选B项。
【39题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们所有人都有一种成就感。A. accomplishment成就；B. guilt内疚；C. sorrow悲伤；D. participation参加。根据“Then I crossed the finish line. I took a breath and then began a（an） ____18____ with the other finishers.”可知，所有人都有一种成就感。故选A项。
【40题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：回想起来，我记得那天在蒙托克的那个小男孩像他爸爸一样怀疑自己能否成功。A. join加入；B. move移动；C. prove证明是；D. make使成功。根据“I wondered whether a small boy of my size could ____2____ something like that.”以及“Now, that same boy is not only a huge fan, but also a training partner as well.”可知，回想起来，作者记得那天在蒙托克的那个小男孩像他爸爸一样怀疑自己能否成功。make it“成功”。故选D项。
第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China is known as Xia for its grand etiquette (礼仪) culture, and known as Hua for its beautiful attire (衣裳). With the ____41____ (change) in society, economic development, and cultural development, clothing has evolved over thousands of years. However, while the forms may have been changed, the essence (本质) ____42____ (remain) constant.
“In ancient China, emperors like Huangdi. Yao, and Shun brought peace to the world through their clothing.” Clothing holds ____43____ significant place in Chinese culture. It is not only used for daily wear, ____44____ (cover) the body and protect it from cold but also as an instrument of management. In ancient Chinese society, there were strict rules and dress codes about clothing. The presence of clothing distinguished civilization ____45____ barbarism (野蛮), while changes in color and style ____46____ (gradual) developed into a form of etiquette. Their design conveyed behavioral norms and ____47____ (they) patterns were rich in cultural significance. Moreover, ancient attire were also an important carrier of morality. China has always been known as a nation ____48____ values formal attire and etiquette.
What is the Chinese style It is something that makes people think of China as soon as they see it. For example, the horse-face skirt, which ____49____ (favor) by international brands and Chinese people for many years, will continue to be attractive. Chinese clothing, as a classical style. has been known to the world overnight with good opportunities. It’s not just a traditional costume style but also a source of _____50_____ (admire).
【答案】41. changes
42. remains 43. a
44. to cover
45. from 46. gradually
47. their 48. that##which
49. has been favored
50. admiration
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是中国服装文化的发展。
【41题详解】
考查名词的复数。句意：随着社会的变化，经济的发展，文化的发展，服装经历了几千年的演变。change是可数名词，不止一个，因此空格处用复数，故填changes。
【42题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：然而，虽然形式可能已经改变，但本质是不变的。本句描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，主语essence是不可数名词，因此空格处用第三人称单数，故填remains。
【43题详解】
考查冠词。句意：服装在中国文化中占有重要地位。place是可数名词的单数形式，表泛指，前面要加不定冠词，significant是辅音音素开头，因此不定冠词用a，故填a。
【44题详解】
考查不定式。句意：它不仅用于日常穿戴，覆盖身体，保护身体免受寒冷，而且还作为一种管理工具。be used to do意为“被用来做某事”，因此空格处用不定式to cover，故填to cover。
【45题详解】
考查介词。句意：服装的存在区分了文明与野蛮，而颜色和风格的变化逐渐发展成为一种礼仪形式。distinguish A from B是固定短语，意为“区分A和B”，因此空格处用介词from，故填from。
【46题详解】
考查副词。句意：服装的存在区分了文明与野蛮，而颜色和风格的变化逐渐发展成为一种礼仪形式。空格处用副词修饰动词developed，gradual的副词是gradually，意为“逐渐”，故填gradually。
【47题详解】
考查物主代词。句意：他们的设计传达了行为规范，他们的图案具有丰富的文化意义。they和patterns之间是所属关系，因此空格处用形容词性物主代词their，修饰名词patterns，故填their。
【48题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：中国一直被认为是一个重视正式服装和礼仪的国家。空格处引导的是限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词nation是国家，因此空格处用关系代词that/which。故填that/which。
【49题详解】
考查时态，语态和主谓一致。句意：例如，多年来一直受到国际品牌和中国人青睐的马脸裙，将继续具有吸引力。由by可知，句子用被动语态，由for many years可知，句子时态用现在完成时，因此空格处用现在完成时的被动语态，主语which指代的先行词skirt是单数，因此空格处是has been favored。故填has been favored。
【50题详解】
考查名词。句意：这不仅是一种传统的服装风格，也是一种崇拜的源泉。空格处用名词作宾语，admire的名词是admiration，意为“崇拜”，是不可数名词，故填admiration。
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分35分）
第一节 短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
51. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处
错误,每句话中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（/）划掉。
修改：在错词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：
1每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
The traditional Chinese lunar year divides the year into 24 solar terms. On the first day of Winter Solstice(冬至), the Northern Hemisphere(半球)experiences the short day in the year, with the sun at its weakest point. The Winter Solstice also marks with the arrival of the coldest season in the year, brought with it a chill that can be felt in the air.
There is a saying in ancient China, “The Winter Solstice is as important as the Spring Festival.” As early as the Zhou Dynasty, people worshipped(崇拜)nature on the first day of the Winter Solstice, what was also the first day of the new year. The Winter Solstice becomes a winter festival during the Han Dynasty. Celebrations were official organized. On this day, both officials and common people would have the rest from their daily routine. During the following dynasty, such as the Tang, Song and Qing Dynasties, the Winter Solstice was a day to offer sacrifices(祭祀)for ancestors.
Overall, the Winter Solstice holds great significance in Chinese culture and has celebrated for centuries.
【答案】1. short→ shortest 2. 去掉 with 3. brought→ bringing 4. what→ which 5. becomes→ became 6. official→ officially 7. the → a 8. routine→ routines 9. for→ to 10. celebrated 前加 been
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。介绍了中国传统节气中的冬至。
【详解】1.考查形容词。句意：在冬至这一天，北半球迎来了一年中白天最短的一天，太阳也处于一年中最弱的位置。根据下文“in the year(在一年里)”可推理出此处说的是一年里最短的天，形容词应使用最高级，故将short改为shortest。
2.考查介词。句意：冬至还标志着一年中最冷季节的到来，随之而来的是空气中能感受到的寒意。分析句子结构可知，动词mark为及物动词，其后直接跟宾语，不必使用介词，故去掉动词mark后面的介词with。
3.考查非谓语动词。句意：同上。分析句子结构可知，动词brought在句子中的位置应做状语，且与其逻辑主语The Winter Solstice之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，应使用现在分词，故将brought改为bringing。
4.考查定语从句。句意：早在周朝时期，人们就在冬至这天崇拜自然，并将其视为新年的开始。分析句子结构可知，这是一个包含定语从句的复合句，先行词为：Winter Solstice，因先行词在定语从句中做主语指物，使用关系代词which引导定语从句，故将what改为which。
5.考查时态。句意：在汉朝，冬至成为了一个冬季节日。根据本句的时间状语during the Han Dynasty可知本句表示的是过去某个时间发生的动作，谓语动词使用一般过去时，故将becomes改为became。
6.考查副词。句意：庆祝活动是官方组织的。分析句子结构，本句为被动语态，形容词official在句子中应作状语修饰organized，应使用副词，故将official改为officially。
7.考查冠词。句意：在这一天，无论是官员还是平民都会从日常生活中得到休息。分析句子结构，have a rest为固定短语，含义为“休息一下”，符合句意，故将the改为a。
8.考查名词。句意：在这一天，无论是官员还是平民都会从日常生活中得到休息。根据名词routine前面的代词their可知名词routine应使用复数，故routine改为routines。
9.考查介词。句意：在随后的朝代，如唐、宋、清，冬至是祭祀祖先的日子。分析句子结构，offer sacrifices to为固定短语，含义为“向……献祭”，符合句意，故将for 改为to。
10.考查被动语态。句意：总的来说，冬至在中国文化中具有重要意义，已经庆祝了几个世纪。分析句子结构，因句子主语the Winter Solstice与谓语动词celebrate之间为被动关系，应使用被动语态，故在celebrated 前加 been。
笫二节 书面表达（满分25分）
52. 你校将举办以“讲故事，话家风”为主题的英语演讲比赛。请以“My family tradition” 为题写一篇演讲稿参赛，内容包括：
1. 一件家风小事；
2. 对你的影响。
注意：1. 写作词数应为80个左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答
My family tradition
It’s an honor to talk about my family tradition.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】My family tradition
It’s an honor to talk about my family tradition. I can clearly remember the bright Saturday afternoon 10 years ago, when I accidentally knocked over a neighbor’s flowerpot. Out of fear, I took flight immediately, rushed home and poured the whole thing to my parents. They praised me for my honesty and encouraged me to take responsibility for my fault bravely. Much touched, I went to apologize to my neighbor sincerely.
Surprisingly, instead of blaming me, he gave me a thumbs-up for my honesty, which brought me a great sense of relief and joy. It was at that moment that I realized the power of the family tradition. Actually, honesty and responsibility have been running in our family.
My family tradition has shaped me into a better version of myself and will lead me further.
Thanks for your listening.
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文写作中的演讲稿。要求考生以“My family tradition” 为题写一篇演讲稿参加学校组织的英语演讲比赛。
【详解】1.词汇积累
意外地，偶然地：accidentally→ by accident
立即：immediately → instantly/at once
感动的：touched → moved
事实上：actually→ in fact
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：My family tradition has shaped me into a better version of myself and will lead me further.
拓展句：My family tradition has shaped me into a better version of myself, which will lead me further.
【点睛】【高分句型1】I can clearly remember the bright Saturday afternoon 10 years ago, when I accidentally knocked over a neighbor’s flowerpot.（运用了when引导的定语从句）
【高分句型2】Surprisingly, instead of blaming me, he gave me a thumbs-up for my honesty, which brought me a great sense of relief and joy.（运用了which引导的定语从句）
听力：1—5 BACCB 6—10 CBCBC 11—15ACBBA 16—20 CACCA

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