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2023-2024学年第二学期高二年级第二次段考
英语试卷
本试卷共8页。全卷满分120分。考试用时120分钟。
注意事项：
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第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
The museum first appeared in human civilization 2,500 years ago, which has been keeping reinventing itself to become an interactive cultural center. Here are some of the museums worth visiting. It’s time to decide your next travel destination.
The Musée du Louvre, Paris, France
It is the world’s largest art museum and a historical landmark of Paris. Housed in the Louvre Palace, the museum has been extended many times since its opening in 1793. Its eye-catching glass pyramid in the main courtyard was designed by Ieoh Ming Pei, a Chinese American architect, and it later became a symbol of the museum.
Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, US
Commonly known as the Met, the museum is among the must-visit attractions in New York. It stands on the eastern edge of Central Park. The Met maintains extensive holdings of African, Asian, Oceanian, Byzantine and Islamic art. Every May, the museum holds the luxurious, blockbuster Met Gala, grabbing global attention like the Oscars.
National Museum of China Beijing, China
Near Tian’anmen Square in Beijing, it’s one of the largest museums in the world and the second most visited art museum in the world, just after the Louvre. Covering a time span from 1.7 million years ago to the Qing Dynasty, the museum boasts around 1.05 million items—and many cannot be found in museums elsewhere.
Vatican Museums, the Vatican City
If you are into Roman history and Renaissance art, the Vatican Museums will be your ideal destination. Along the exhibition route, visitors can enjoy the marvelous Sistine Chapel decorated by Michelangelo and the Stanze di Raffaello decorated by Raphael.
1. What do we know about the Musée du Louvre
A. It is the oldest museum in the world. B. It was designed by Ieoh Ming Pei.
C. It has been rebuilt many times. D. It has an attractive glass pyramid.
2. If you are into African culture, which museum should you visit
A. The Musée du Louvre. B. National Museum of China.
C. Metropolitan Museum of Art. D. Vatican Museums.
3. What do National Museum of China and Vatican Museums have in common
A. Both feature many ancient buildings. B. Both appeal to history fans.
C. Both have over one million items. D. Both offer exhibition routes.
【答案】1. D 2. C 3. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了世界上值得参观的四家博物馆。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章The Musée du Louvre, Paris, France部分中的“Its eye-catching glass pyramid in the main courtyard was designed by Ieoh Ming Pei, a Chinese American architect, and it later became a symbol of the museum.(其主要庭院中引人注目的玻璃金字塔由美籍华人建筑师贝聿铭设计，后来成为博物馆的象征。)”可知，卢浮宫美术馆的庭院中有个引人注目的玻璃金字塔。故选D。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, US部分中的“The Met maintains extensive holdings of African, Asian, Oceanian, Byzantine and Islamic art. (大都会博物馆收藏了大量非洲、亚洲、大洋洲、拜占庭和伊斯兰艺术作品。)”可知，大都会博物馆收藏了非洲的艺术作品，由此可知，如果你对非洲的文化感兴趣，可以去大都会博物馆。故选C。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章National Museum of China, Beijing, China部分中的“Covering a time span from 1.7 million years ago to the Qing Dynasty, the museum boasts around 1.05 million items—and many cannot be found in museums elsewhere.(从170万年前到清朝，故宫拥有约105万件藏品，其中许多在其他博物馆是找不到的。)”以及Vatican Museums, the Vatican City部分中的“If you are into Roman history and Renaissance art, the Vatican Museums will be your ideal destination.(如果你对罗马历史和文艺复兴艺术感兴趣，梵蒂冈博物馆将是你理想的目的地。)”可知，这两家博物馆的共同之处就是藏品历史悠久，因此会很受历史迷的欢迎。故选B。
C. Both have over one million items. D. Both offer exhibition routes.
B
Lionel Messi, who shone at the Qarta World Cup, is a well-known name even to those with no interest in sports. Even though he is shorter than most of his teammates, he rises above his opponents with adept skills and a legendary ability to score goals for his team.
Lionel Andres Messi was born on June 24, 1987, in the warm city of Rosario, Argentina. He was the third child in a tight-knit (亲密的) hard-working family who loved football. Naturally, young Leo developed a passion (热爱) for football himself.
At four years old, Leo joined the Grandoli local club, where he was coached by his father. When he was eight, Leo joined the talented Newell Old Boys. Football soon became as important as the air he breathed. Messi practiced day in and day out, skipping outings with his friends to train at home before a game. The sport made him quite happy and motivated and he began to dream of becoming a professional footballer.
But as he grew older, his height remained the same. His concerned parents eventually took their 11-year-old son to a doctor, who broke the news that the boy suffered from a growth hormone deficiency (生长激素缺乏). This meant he was physically unable to grow unless he received special treatment, which would last three years and cost $1, 500 per month.
Stories of a 13-year-old boy who had similar talents to legendary Argentinian footballer Diego Maradona had reached the ears of FC Barcelona’s technical director, Carles Rexach. Intrigued, he sent an offer to the Messi family. If he passed, the club would cover his medical bills, but on the condition that Messi moved to Spain. So, in September 2000, Leo and his family uprooted their lives and flew across the Atlantic to Barcelona.
Coach Carles was so impressed that he offered Leo a contract on the only thing he had at hand-a paper napkin. Leo signed it, opening the door to the life he had always dreamed of.
4. What is the function of the first paragraph
A. To introduce the topic. B. To attract readers.
C. To advertise the World Cup. D. To share an experience.
5. Why did Messi want to become a professional footballer
A. He wanted to satisfy his father.
B. He had a great love for football.
C. He was good at playing football.
D. He wanted to prove his ability.
6. Which of the following can best describe Messi according to the text
A. Generous and confident. B. Friendly and energetic.
C. Kind and responsible. D. Hardworking and talented.
7. What can we infer about Messi from the text
A. He was shorter than others when he was born.
B. He got support from his family to go after his dream.
C. Maradona once lent a helping hand to Messi.
D. Coach Charles believed Messi could be the next superstar.
【答案】4. A 5. B 6. D 7. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了阿根廷球星梅西小时候的经历：梅西从小热爱足球，虽然身患生长激素缺乏症，但仍然为了成为职业足球运动员而努力奋斗。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“Even though he is shorter than most of his teammates, he rises above his opponents with adept skills and a legendary ability to score goals for his team. (尽管他比大多数队友都矮，但他凭借娴熟的技术和为球队进球的超能力，超越了对手。)”可知，第一段介绍了梅西的基本情况，并指出虽然他个子矮，但创造了奇迹，故本段写作目的是介绍主题并引出下文。故选A项。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后一句“Naturally, young Leo developed a passion (热爱) for football himself. (小里奥自然对足球产生了热情。)”及第三段最后一句“The sport made him quite happy and motivated and he began to dream of becoming a professional footballer. (这项运动让他非常快乐和有动力，他开始梦想成为一名职业足球运动员。)”可知，梅西对足球非常热爱，因此想成为一名职业足球运动员。故选B项。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段倒数第二句“Messi practiced day in and day out, . skipping outings with his friends to train at home before a game. (梅西每天都在练习，比赛前不和朋友们一起出去，而是在家训练。)”可知，梅西一直勤奋地练习足球；根据第五段第一句 “Stories of a13-year-old boy who had similar talents to legendary Argentinian footballer Diego Maradona had reached the ears of FC Barcelona’s technical director, Carles Rexach. (巴塞罗那足球俱乐部的技术总监卡尔斯·雷克萨奇听到了一个13岁男孩的故事，他拥有与阿根廷传奇足球运动员迭戈·马拉多纳相似的天赋。)”可知，梅西是个很有天赋的足球运动员。故选D项。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段最后一句“So, in September2000, Leo and his family uprooted their lives and flew across the Atlantic to Barcelona. (于是，在2000年9月，里奥和他的家人离开了他们的生活，飞越大西洋来到巴塞罗那。)”可知，为了梅西的梦想，一家人离开家乡，去往遥远的他乡，体现了对梅西的支持。故选B项。
C
Disastrous floods in eastern Libya killed at least 5,100 people, according to local authorities. The disaster comes after a series of deadly floods around the world this month, from China to Brazil to Greece. In every case, extremely heavy rain was to blame.
The enormous loss of life on many continents strengthens the extreme danger caused by climate-driven rainstorms, and the need for better warning systems and basic facilities to protect the most vulnerable (脆弱的) populations.
Climate change makes heavy rain more common, even in dry places where the total amount of rainfall is small. That’s because a hotter atmosphere can hold more moisture. Everyday rainstorm, as well as bigger storms such as hurricanes, are increasingly dangerous as a result. In Libya, a storm called Daniel swept in from the Mediterranean over the weekend and resulted in a jaw-dropping 16 inches of rain in just 24 hour, according to the World Meteorological Organization. That is far too much water for the ground to absorb, especially in a dry climate where the soil is dry and is less able to suck up water quickly.
The massive amount of rain caused widespread flash flooding, and damaged at least one dam near the coastal city of Derna. That released torrents of water powerful enough to sweep away entire neighborhoods. In Brazil, flooding from a hurricane last week killed more than 20 people and left a large piece of southern Brazil underwater. Cities around the world are hurrying to improve their basic facilities to handle increasingly common heavy rain.
The disasters in the last two weeks also stress the vulnerability to climate change of people who are not wealthy or who live in places that are at war. While extreme rain has caused floods around the world recently, the number of the death is significantly higher in places where there isn’t money or political will to maintain basic facilities and enough weather warning systems.
8. What led to the floods in Libya
A. Extreme rainfall. B. Wet climate.
C. Severe hurricane. D. Broken facilities.
9. What does the underlined phrase “suck up” in paragraph 3 probably mean
A. Separate. B. Supply. C. Store. D. Absorb.
10. How do the floods affect people
A. They lead to people’s union. B. They cost people their lives.
C. They inspire people to struggle. D. They make people become strong.
11. What is the text mainly about
A. Floods linked to climate change. B. Floods in Libya and their causes.
C. The needs of disaster preparedness. D. Climate change impact on poor areas.
【答案】8. A 9. D 10. B 11. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了气候变化导致暴雨更频繁，造成了洪水泛滥，给世界各地带来了巨大的破坏和生命损失，我们需要建立更好的预警系统和基本设施来保护这些最脆弱的人群。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Disastrous floods in eastern Libya killed at least 5,100 people, according to local authorities. (据当地政府称，利比亚东部的灾难性洪水造成至少5100人死亡)”和“In every case, extremely heavy rain was to blame. (每一种情况都是极端暴雨造成的)”可知，利比亚的洪水是由极端降雨引起的。故选A项。
【9题详解】
词句猜测题。根据画线词的上文“That is far too much water for the ground to absorb, especially in a dry climate where the soil is dry (这对土壤来说是太多的水，以至于无法吸收，尤其是在干燥气候下，干燥的土壤)”可推知，极端降雨带来的大量的雨水本身就无法被土壤吸收，此处在进一步说明干燥气候下的土壤更难吸收这些雨水，因此suck up意思应该是“吸收”，与absorb意思接近。故选D项。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The enormous loss of life on many continents strengthens the extreme danger caused by climate-driven rainstorms (许多大陆上生命的巨大损失加剧了气候驱动的暴雨造成的极端危险)”以及倒数第二段“In Brazil, flooding from a hurricane last week killed more than 20 people”（在巴西，上周飓风引发的洪水造成20多人死亡）可知，洪水夺去了人们的生命。故选B项。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段“The enormous loss of life on many continents strengthens the extreme danger caused by climate-driven rainstorms, and the need for better warning systems and basic facilities to protect the most vulnerable (脆弱的) populations. (许多大陆上生命的巨大损失加剧了气候驱动的暴雨造成的极端危险，需要更好的预警系统和基本设施来保护最脆弱的人群)”可知，文章主要围绕气候变化带来的更频繁的暴雨造成的洪水展开，说明洪水给世界各地带来了巨大的破坏和生命损失，而我们需要建立更好的预警系统和基本设施来保护这些最脆弱的人群。因此，A项“与气候变化有关的洪水”符合文章大意。故选A项。
D
Building artificial intelligences that sleep and dream can lead to more dependable models, according to researchers who aim to mimic (模仿) the behavior of the human brain.
Concetto Spampinato and his research members at the University of Catania, Italy, were looking for ways to avoid a phenomenon known as “disastrous forgetting”, where an AI model trained to do a new task loses the ability to carry out jobs it previously excelled at. For instance, a model trained to identify animals could learn to spot different fish species, but then might lose its ability to recognize birds. They developed a method of training AI called Wake-Sleep Consolidated Learning (WSCL), which mimics the way that our brains reorganize short-term memories of daily learning when we are asleep.
Besides the usual training for the “awake” phase, models using WSCL are programmed to have periods of “sleep”, where they analyze awake data from earlier lessons. This is similar to human spotting connections and patterns while sleeping.
WSCL also has a period of “dreaming”, which involves novel data made from combining previous concepts. This helps to integrate previous paths of digital “neurons (神经元)”, freeing up space for future concepts. It also prepares unused neurons with patterns that will help them pick up new lessons more easily.
The researchers tested three AI models using a traditional training method, followed by WSCL training. Then they compared performances for image identification. The sleep-trained models were 2 to 12 percent more likely to correctly identify the contents of an image. They also measured an increase in how much old knowledge a model uses to learn a new task.
Despite the results, Andrew Rogoyski at the University of Surrey, UK, says using the human brain as a blueprint isn’t necessarily the best way to boost AI performance. Instead, he suggests mimicking dolphins, which can “sleep” with one part of the brain while another part remains active. After all, an AI that requires hours of sleep isn’t ideal for commercial applications.
12. WSCL was developed to help improve AI’s ______.
A. reliability B. creativity C. security D. popularity
13. What do models using WSCL do during the “sleeping” periods
A. Generate new data. B. Process previous data.
C. Receive data for later analysis. D. Save data for the “awake” phase.
14. What is paragraph 5 mainly about
A. The application of WSCL. B. The benefits of AI research.
C. The findings of the research. D. The underlying logic of WSCL.
15. Which best describes Andrew’s attitude towards the sleep-trained models
A. Cautious. B. Prejudiced. C. Pessimistic. D. Unconcerned.
【答案】12. A 13. B 14. C 15. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了为了帮助提高AI的可靠性，研究人员开发了一种训练人工智能的方法，称为“醒—睡联合学习（WSCL）”，它模仿我们的大脑在睡觉时重组日常学习的短期记忆的方式。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Building artificial intelligences that sleep and dream can lead to more dependable models, according to researchers who aim to mimic (模仿) the behavior of the human brain.(据旨在模仿人类大脑行为的研究人员称，构建睡眠和做梦的人工智能可以产生更可靠的模型)”可知，开发WSCL是为了帮助提高AI的可靠性。故选A。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“Besides the usual training for the “awake” phase, models using WSCL are programmed to have periods of “sleep”, where they analyze awake data from earlier lessons.(除了通常的“清醒”阶段的训练之外，使用WSCL的模型还被编程为有“睡眠”阶段，在那里它们分析来自早期课程的清醒数据)”可知，使用WSCL的模型在“睡眠”期间处理之前的数据。故选B。
【14题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第五段“The researchers tested three AI models using a traditional training method, followed by WSCL training. Then they compared performances for image identification. The sleep-trained models were 2 to 12 percent more likely to correctly identify the contents of an image. They also measured an increase in how much old knowledge a model uses to learn a new task.(研究人员使用传统的训练方法测试了三个人工智能模型，然后进行了WSCL训练。然后，他们比较了图像识别的表现。经过睡眠训练的模型正确识别图像内容的可能性要高出2%到12%。他们还测量了模型在学习新任务时使用的旧知识的增加)”可知，第5段的主要内容是研究的结果。故选C。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Despite the results, Andrew Rogoyski at the University of Surrey, UK, says using the human brain as a blueprint isn’t necessarily the best way to boost AI performance. Instead, he suggests mimicking dolphins, which can “sleep” with one part of the brain while another part remains active. After all, an AI that requires hours of sleep isn’t ideal for commercial applications.(尽管取得了这些成果，英国萨里大学的安德鲁·罗戈伊斯基表示，使用人类大脑作为蓝图并不一定是提高人工智能性能的最佳方式。相反，他建议模仿海豚，海豚可以在大脑的一部分“睡觉”时，另一部分保持活跃。毕竟，需要长时间睡眠的人工智能并不适合商业应用)”可知，安德鲁对睡眠训练模特是谨慎态度。故选A。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余项。
Research has shown that mindful eating has positive impacts on people, so it’s beneficial to know how to eat more mindfully. Here are some techniques for eating at a healthy pace.
Remove all distractions while you eat. ____16____ Make sure your cell phone is face down and you’re not going to be responding to any messages that come through.
Take enough time to finish your meal. Even with all distractions removed, very often you still find yourself eating faster than you should.____17____ It takes about that time for your body to get the signal to the brain that you are full.
____18____ You might wonder how to spend 20 whole minutes eating a sandwich. One way to slowdown is to engage your senses and think through all the details about your meal. Ask yourself: What’s on my plate How hungry am I today Is it too salty Notice the smell, the taste and whatever other senses that arise as you eat.
Limit the amount of the food you might munch on(大口吃) mindlessly. Put a small amount of snack food, like potato chips, in a separate bowl to help avoid mindless munching.____19____ Putting aside some of the food can help you eat less at a healthier pace.
Actually chew. If you’re wolfing down(狼吞虎咽) your food you’re probably not chewing it. And chewing is an important part of digestion. ____20____ Look at each bite before putting it into your mouth, acknowledge what you’re eating and chew, chew, chew.
A. Notice all the little details about your food.
B. Limit your time for a meal within 20 minutes.
C. It helps break up the foods so it’s easier for absorption.
D. Watch out for your food intake and the time you spend on it.
E. When you sit down to eat, spend at least 20 minutes doing so.
F. If you have a whole bag of it, it is challenging to stop after several bites.
G They can limit your ability to enjoy your food and notice when you are full.
【答案】16. G 17. E 18. A 19. F 20. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了一些健康饮食的技巧。
【16题详解】
根据上文“Remove all distractions while you eat. (吃饭时排除一切干扰。)”可知，本句承接上文说明“吃饭时排除一切干扰”这么做的原因。故G选项“它们会限制你享受食物的能力，也会限制你注意到自己已经吃饱了。”符合语境，故选G。
【17题详解】
根据上文“Take enough time to finish your meal. Even with all distractions removed, very often you still find yourself eating faster than you should. (花足够的时间吃完你的饭。即使排除了所有的干扰，你仍然经常发现自己吃得比你应该吃的快。)”以及后文“It takes about that time for your body to get the signal to the brain that you are full. (大约需要这段时间，你的身体才会向大脑发出你吃饱了的信号。)”可知，本句主要针对吃饭花费的时间提出建议。故E选项“当你坐下来吃饭时，至少花20分钟这样做。”符合语境，故选E。
【18题详解】
根据本段内容“You might wonder how to spend 20 whole minutes eating a sandwich. One way to slowdown is to engage your senses and think through all the details about your meal. Ask yourself: What’s on my plate How hungry am I today Is it too salty Notice the smell, the taste and whatever other senses that arise as you eat. (你可能想知道如何花整整20分钟吃一个三明治。放慢速度的一种方法是调动你的感官，仔细考虑你吃饭的所有细节。问问你自己：我的盘子里有什么？我今天有多饿？是不是太咸了？注意你吃东西时产生的气味、味道和其他感觉。)”可知，后文提到注意你吃东西时产生的气味、味道和其他感觉，即建议注意食物的细节。故A选项“注意食物的所有细节。”符合语境，故选A。
【19题详解】
根据上文“Put a small amount of snack food, like potato chips, in a separate bowl to help avoid mindless munching. (把少量的零食，如薯片，放在一个单独的碗里，以帮助避免无意识地咀嚼。)”可知，上文建议把零食单独放在一个碗里，可知本句承接上文，说明这么做的原因。故F选项“如果你有一整袋，吃几口就停止是很困难的。”符合语境，故选F。
【20题详解】
根据上文“And chewing is an important part of digestion. (咀嚼是消化的重要组成部分。)”可知，上文提到了咀嚼的重要性，可知本句说明咀嚼的作用。故C选项“它有助于分解食物，这样更容易被吸收。”符合语境，故选C。
第三部分 语言运用（共三节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
While so many birds visit our leafy garden every year, it’s the pair of tawny frogmouths (茶色夜鹰) that have been returning for years to ____21____ their young that bring the most excitement. It’s been wonderful to observe how both parents take on the ____22____ duty of caring for their young.
Last summer the frogmouth family, parents and two babies, was ____23____ sitting in a tree close to our back deck ____24____ the late afternoon sunshine. With little ____25____, dark clouds emerged, and ____26____ rain began to fall.
At first the birds seemed to enjoy the rain and moved out along the branch, fluffing up (抖开) their feathers to ____27____ the wet weather. But within minutes, day turned to night. Dark clouds brought a ____28____ heavy storm; crashing thunder and blinding lightning, wild winds and driving rain turned the garden into a(n) ____29____ place for the little family.
Through the flashes of lightning, we watched in _____30_____ as the parents guided their young back along the branch until they were all gathered close to the tree trunk, both parents spreading their wings over their young to _____31_____ them from the rain. When the storm passed, the family walked _____32_____ out along the branch and spread their wings to enjoy the sunshine.
When I look up at the pair of tawny frogmouths who continue to _____33_____ our garden, I know I’m not just looking at _____34_____ parents, but very _____35_____ ones.
21. A. monitor B. save C. raise D. teach
22. A. painful B. risky C. simple D. serious
23. A. happily B. nervously C. hungrily D. bravely
24. A. avoiding B. enjoying C. expecting D. following
25. A. chance B. hope C. reporting D. warning
26. A. light B. heavy C. freezing D. seasonal
27. A. pay attention to B. keep track of C. get rid of D. take advantage of
28. A. late B. slow C. sudden D. perfect
29. A. attractive B. unsafe C. hiding D. unimportant
30. A. amazement B. horror C. embarrassment D. regret
31 A. remove B. distract C. protect D. separate
32. A. quietly B. away C. back D. sleepily
33. A. visit B. decorate C. approach D. clean
34. A. restless B. devoted C. shy D. determined
35. A. proud B. lucky C. demanding D. wise
【答案】21. C 22. D 23. A 24. B 25. D 26. A 27. D 28. C 29. B 30. A 31. C 32. C 33. A 34. B 35. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要描述了一对茶色夜鹰在作者家花园中抚养幼崽的情景，特别是在一场暴风雨中如何保护幼崽的经过。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：每年都有许多鸟类来到我们绿树成荫的花园，但最令人兴奋的是那对茶色夜鹰年复一年地回来抚养它们的幼鸟。A. monitor监督；B. save挽救；C. raise提高、抚养；D. teach教。根据下文“It’s been wonderful to observe how both parents take on the ____2____ duty of caring for their young.”可知，空处指的是这对茶色夜鹰每年都会回来抚养幼鸟。故选C。
【22题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：观察这对父母如何肩负起照顾幼鸟的重任，真是太好了。A. painful痛苦的；B. risky冒险的；C. simple简单的；D. serious严重的、认真的。根据下文内容可知，这对父母非常认真地履行着照顾幼鸟的责任。故选D。
【23题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：去年夏天，夜鹰一家，父母和两只幼鸟，快乐地坐在靠近我们后甲板的一棵树上，享受着傍晚的阳光。A. happily开心地；B. nervously紧张地；C. hungrily饥饿地；D. bravely勇敢地。根据下文“sitting in a tree close to our back deck ____4____ the late afternoon sunshine.”可知，夜鹰一家是开心地坐在树上享受傍晚的阳光。故选A。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：去年夏天，夜鹰一家，父母和两只幼鸟，快乐地坐在靠近我们后甲板的一棵树上，享受着傍晚的阳光。A. avoiding避免；B. enjoying享受；C. expecting期待；D. following追随。根据上文的内容“Last summer the frogmouth family, parents and two babies, was ____3____ sitting in a tree close to our back deck”可知，夜鹰一家是在享受阳光。故选B。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：没有什么预兆，乌云密布，细雨开始飘落。A. chance机会；B. hope希望；C. reporting报道；D. warning警告，预告。根据“dark clouds emerged”以及上文“夜鹰一家在享受阳光”可知，这场雨来得没有预兆。故选D。
【26题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：没有什么预兆，乌云密布，细雨开始飘落。A. light轻的、细微的；B. heavy重的；C. freezing冰冻的；D. seasonal季节的、周期性的。根据下文“At first the birds seemed to enjoy the rain and moved out along the branch, fluffing up(抖开) their feathers to ____7____ the wet weather.”可知，最初雨并不大，所以鸟儿还是很享受这场雨的。故选A。
【27题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：起初，鸟儿们似乎很享受这场雨，它们沿着树枝飞出去，抖开羽毛以利用潮湿的天气。A. pay attention to注意；B. keep track of追踪……；记录；C. get rid of避免；D. take advantage of利用。根据空前的“fluffing up(抖开) their feathers”可知，鸟儿刚开始很享受雨水，所以是利用潮湿的天气。故选D。
【28题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：乌云带来了突如其来的暴风雨；雷鸣电闪，狂风暴雨，使花园变成了这个小家庭不安全的地方。A. late迟的、晚的；B. slow缓慢的；C. sudden突然的；D. perfect完美的。更有上文“But within minutes, day turned to night.”可推测，几分钟之内，细雨就变成了暴雨，由此可知，这场暴风雨是突然爆发的。故选C。
【29题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：乌云带来了突如其来的暴风雨；雷鸣电闪，狂风暴雨，使花园变成了这个小家庭不安全的地方。A. attractive有吸引力的；B. unsafe不安全的；C. hiding躲藏的；D. unimportant不重要的。根据上文“crashing thunder and blinding lightning, wild winds and driving rain”可推测，此时的花园对夜鹰一家是不安全的。故选B。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在闪电的照耀下，我们惊奇地看到父母带着他们的孩子沿着树枝往回走，直到它们都聚集在树干附近，父母都把翅膀张开在它们的孩子身上，保护它们免受雨水的伤害。A. amazement惊异；B. horror恐怖；C. embarrassment尴尬；D. regret遗憾、后悔。根据下文“as the parents guided their young back along the branch until they were all gathered close to the tree trunk, both parents spreading their wings over their young to ____11____ them from the rain.”可推测，作者一家看到这一切应该是感到很惊奇。考查短语：in amazement，意为“惊奇地”，符合句意。故选A。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在闪电的照耀下，我们惊奇地看到父母带着他们的孩子沿着树枝往回走，直到他们都聚集在树干附近，父母都把翅膀张开在它们的孩子身上，保护它们免受雨水的伤害。A. remove去除；B. distract分散；C. protect保护；D. separate分隔。根据上文的“spreading their wings over their young”可知，夜鹰父母将翅膀张开在幼鸟身上。根据常理可知，此举是为了保护幼鸟免受雨水的伤害。故选C。
【32题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：暴风雨过去后，一家人沿着树枝走回来，展开翅膀享受阳光。A. quietly安静地；B. away远离；C. back向后，回来；D. sleepily懒散地。根据上文内容可知，大雨来临时，夜鹰一家是沿着树枝来到树干处。而此时，暴风雨过去后，夜鹰一家又回来享受阳光。故选C。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我抬头看着那对继续造访我们花园的茶色夜鹰时，我知道我看到的不仅仅是尽职尽责的父母，还有非常明智的父母。A. visit参观、拜访；B. decorate装饰；C. approach接近、解决；D. clean清理。考查原词重现，根据文章第一段“While so many birds visit our leafy garden every year”可知，空处指的是“拜访”，即“visit”。故选A。
【34题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我抬头看着那对继续造访我们花园的茶色夜鹰时，我知道我看到的不仅仅是尽职尽责的父母，还有非常明智的父母。A. restless不安宁的；B. devoted投入的；C. shy害羞的；D. determined坚定的。根据上文内容可知，这对夜鹰父母非常尽职尽责地在抚育幼鸟。故选B。
【35题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我抬头看着那对继续造访我们花园的茶色夜鹰时，我知道我看到的不仅仅是尽职尽责的父母，还有非常聪明的父母。A. proud自豪的；B. lucky幸运的；C. demanding要求高的；D. wise明智的、聪明的。根据上文内容可知，暴风雨来临时，这对夜鹰父母将鸟带到树干处，并张开翅膀保护幼鸟。由此可知，这对夜鹰父母非常聪明。故选D。
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The World Health Organization (WHO) has announced a shocking finding about the air we breathe. It has found that almost everyone on Earth breathes unhealthy air. The WHO made ___36___(it) air quality update ahead of World Health Day on April 7. The update reported that 99 per cent of the world’s population breathes air ___37___ goes beyond WHO air quality limits. It looked at data from over 6,000 cities in 117 countries. People ___38___(live) in lower- and middle-income countries breathe the poorest-quality air. Millions of people die in these countries because of pollution-related diseases. The WHO said: “After surviving a pandemic, it is unacceptable to still have 7 million preventable deaths due ___39___ air pollution.”
The WHO said its report highlighted the need to move away from fossil fuels. It asked governments to do more ___40___ (reduce) levels of air pollution. It said: “Current energy concerns highlight the importance of speeding up the transition to cleaner and ___41___(healthy) energy systems.” It added that high gas prices, energy ___42___(secure), the dangers of air pollution, and climate change mean the world must be less dependent on fossil fuels. The WHO report ___43___(include) many recommendations for change. One of these is ___44___ use of clean energy for cooking, heating and lighting. Another is to “build safe and affordable public transport systems and pedestrian- and cycle-friendly ___45___(network)”.
【答案】36. its
37. that##which
38. living 39. to
40. to reduce
41. healthier##more healthy
42. security
43. included
44. the works
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。世界卫生组织表示地球上几乎每个人都呼吸着不健康的空气，并且该组织还提出了一些能有效缓解空气污染的方法。
【36题详解】
考查代词。句意：世界卫生组织在4月7日世界卫生日之前更新了空气质量。分析句子结构可知，空处应使用形容词性物主代词its，在句中作定语修饰air quality。故填its。
【37题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：最新报告称，世界上99%的人口呼吸的空气超出了世卫组织的空气质量限制。分析句子结构可知，该句为限定性定语从句，先行词是air，指物，且从句中缺少主语成分，因此可使用关系代词that/which引导。故填that或which。
【38题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：生活在低收入和中等收入国家的人们呼吸着质量最差的空气。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语breathe，空处需使用非谓语动词，且主语people与live之间是逻辑上的主动关系，因此需使用现在分词，作定语，表示主动。故填living。
【39题详解】
考查介词。句意：世界卫生组织表示:“在经历了一场大流行之后，仍然有700万人死于空气污染，这是不可接受的。”分析句子结构可知，此处是固定短语due to，意为“由于；因为”，to是介词。故填to。
【40题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：它要求各国政府采取更多措施降低空气污染水平。分析句子结构可知，此处表示目的，空处可使用不定式，在句中作目的状语。故填to reduce。
【41题详解】
考查形容词比较级。句意：报告称:“当前的能源担忧凸显了加快向更清洁、更健康的能源系统过渡的重要性。”分析句子结构可知，and前后连接的词应在词性、比较级等方面保持一致，且此处表示“更健康的”，因此需使用其比较级形式，healthy的比较级为healthier或more healthy。故填healthier或more healthy。
【42题详解】
考查名词。句意：报告补充说，高昂的天然气价格、能源安全、空气污染的危险以及气候变化意味着世界必须减少对化石燃料的依赖。分析句子结构可知，空处与high gas prices和the dangers of air pollution为并列关系，因此空处需使用其名词形式，security“安全”是不可数名词。故填security。
【43题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：世卫组织的报告包括许多改革建议。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中需作谓语，主语The WHO与include之间是逻辑上的主动关系，且全文使用了一般过去时，为保证时态一致性，空处也应使用一般过去时。故填included。
【44题详解】
考查定冠词。句意：其中之一是使用清洁能源做饭、取暖和照明。分析句子结构可知，此处是固定短语the use of，意为“使用……”。故填the。
【45题详解】
考查名词复数。句意：另一个目标是“建立安全、负担得起的公共交通系统，以及行人和自行车友好型交通网络”。分析句子结构可知，此处“行人和自行车友好型交通网络”表示复数的概念，因此需使用其复数形式。故填networks。
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
46. 劳动是我国的传统美德。假定你是李华，你校将举办劳动教育活动周，请以“Labor -A Traditional Virtue”为主题，写一篇演讲稿，内容包括：
1.一次劳动体验；
2.你对劳动的理解。
注意：
1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Good morning, everyone.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】范文
Labor -A Traditional Virtue
Good morning everyone.
Today, I would like to talk about the theme “Labor-A Traditional Virtue” in the context of the upcoming Labor Education Week at our school.
Recently, I had the opportunity to participate in a labor experience program organized by our school. We spent a whole day working at a local farm, planting vegetables, and doing various physical tasks. Although it was tiring, I felt a great sense of accomplishment at the end of the day.
Through this experience, I gained a deeper understanding of the value of labor. Labor not only helps us develop a strong work ethic but also teaches us essential life skills such as teamwork, responsibility, and perseverance.
Thank you for your attention.
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。劳动是我国的传统美德。假定你是李华，你校将举办劳动教育活动周，请以“Labor -A Traditional Virtue”为主题，写一篇演讲稿。
【详解】1.词汇积累
主题：theme→topic
参加：participate in→take part in
机会：opportunity→chance
重要：essential→vital
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Recently, I had the opportunity to participate in a labor experience program organized by our school.
拓展句：Recently, I had the opportunity to participate in a labor experience program, which was organized by our school.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Although it was tiring, I felt a great sense of accomplishment at the end of the day. (运用了although引导让步状语从句)
[高分句型2] Recently, I had the opportunity to participate in a labor experience program organized by our school. (运用了过去分词作定语)
第二节（满分25分）
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。
When I was young I always dreamed of playing the piano and giving performances to a large audience in a concert hall. However, I struggled to understand the musical notes and the theory. Despite my parents’ encouragement and offer of piano lessons, I pretended not to be interested, too afraid to try.
Many years passed until one day, at 25 years old, I heard that a new piano studio had opened in my neighborhood. The teacher was recruiting (招收) new students. My childhood dream came flooding back.
I remembered I had initially feared becoming a teacher after graduation. However, I overcame those doubts. I refused to let fear hold me back any longer, so I walked into the studio.
The teacher, Deb, welcomed me warmly. I was relieved to find we were contemporaries (同时代的人) and expressed my desire to play the works of Bach and Beethoven if I could overcome my fear. Deb understood and seemed sincere, so I signed up for 3 months of classes. Still doubtful about my commitment, I bought a small, tabletop electric organ to practice with at home. It wasn’t the same as a real piano, but enabled me to learn some basics.
Week by week, I attended lessons in Deb’s studio. I often passed young students on their way out from their lessons before mine. One day, noticing the textbooks in my bag, a child stopped me and asked, “Where’s your boy ” After some hesitation, I finally answered I was the student. The children then welcomed me and I sat in the studio and listened to a piece a child was working on.
Soon, I gained confidence and upgraded to a full-size piano at home for daily practice. After three rewarding years of lessons with Deb, she announced it was time for me and other students to prepare for a recital (钢琴演奏会) on stage. I was thrilled at the chance to finally fulfill my childhood dream, yet also anxious at the thought of performing before the audience. But Deb believed in me. “Look how far you’ve come,” she encouraged. “It’s time to share your gift with others.”
Paragraph 1:
I shook my head and told her, “No, thanks.”
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
When I finally finished my performance, I faced the audience and bowed.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Paragraph 1:
I shook my head and told her, “No, thanks.” Deb insisted, saying it would be a valuable experience for me to perform on stage. After much persuasion, I finally agreed. After days of hard practice, I bravely sat on stage between kids, as the only adult. After the fourth child played, I was introduced. My heart raced as I positioned my fingers over the keys before the large audience. I took a deep breath and began to play. Soon I became fully absorbed in the music, my fingers gliding smoothly over the keys.
Paragraph 2:
When I finally finished my performance, I faced the audience and bowed. Applause rocked the hall, which was the appreciation of my playing and performing on stage. The audience, including my proud parents and friends, rose to their feet clapping. Many took photos to capture the moment. I smiled broadly and took two more bows. If I had given in to my fear, I’d have missed this wonderful experience. I was so glad I finally achieved my childhood dream, thanks to my courage, determination, and my teacher Deb’s encouragement.
【解析】
【导语】文章以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者小时候一直梦想着弹钢琴，在音乐厅为很多观众表演。然而，自己却不敢尝试。在25岁的时候，家附近开了一家钢琴工作室。在那里，作者遇到了Deb老师，在跟着老师一起上了三年卓有成效的课后，她宣布是时候让作者和其他学生准备在舞台上的独奏会了。作者为终于有机会实现儿时的梦想而激动不已，但一想到要在观众面前表演，也感到很焦虑。
【详解】1.段落续写
①由第一段首句内容“我摇了摇头，对她说:“不用了，谢谢。””可知，第一段可描写作者在Deb老师的劝说下，上台表演的经过。
②由第二段首句内容“当我终于结束了我的表演，我面对观众鞠躬。”可知，第二段可描写作者的表演得到了赞赏以及作者的感悟。
2.续写线索：Deb劝说作者表演——开始表演——表演得到赞赏——感到开心——感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类
同意：agree/approve
全神贯注于：become absorbed in/concentrate on
鼓掌：clap/applaud
实现：achieve/realize
情绪类
高兴的：glad/delighted
勇敢地：bravely/courageously
【点睛】[高分句型1]
Applause rocked the hall, which was the appreciation of my playing and performing on stage.（运用了which引导非限制性定语从句）
[高分句型2]
If I had given in to my fear, I’d have missed this wonderful experience.（运用了虚拟语气表示与过去事实相反的假设）2023-2024学年第二学期高二年级第二次段考
英语试卷
本试卷共8页。全卷满分120分。考试用时120分钟。
注意事项：
1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
3. 考试结束后，将答题卡交回。请不要褶皱答题卡，以免无法扫描。
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
The museum first appeared in human civilization 2,500 years ago, which has been keeping reinventing itself to become an interactive cultural center. Here are some of the museums worth visiting. It’s time to decide your next travel destination.
The Musée du Louvre, Paris, France
It is the world’s largest art museum and a historical landmark of Paris. Housed in the Louvre Palace, the museum has been extended many times since its opening in 1793. Its eye-catching glass pyramid in the main courtyard was designed by Ieoh Ming Pei, a Chinese American architect, and it later became a symbol of the museum.
Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, US
Commonly known as the Met, the museum is among the must-visit attractions in New York. It stands on the eastern edge of Central Park. The Met maintains extensive holdings of African, Asian, Oceanian, Byzantine and Islamic art. Every May, the museum holds the luxurious, blockbuster Met Gala, grabbing global attention like the Oscars.
National Museum of China, Beijing, China
Near Tian’anmen Square in Beijing, it’s one of the largest museums in the world and the second most visited art museum in the world, just after the Louvre. Covering a time span from 1.7 million years ago to the Qing Dynasty, the museum boasts around 1.05 million items—and many cannot be found in museums elsewhere.
Vatican Museums, the Vatican City
If you are into Roman history and Renaissance art, the Vatican Museums will be your ideal destination. Along the exhibition route, visitors can enjoy the marvelous Sistine Chapel decorated by Michelangelo and the Stanze di Raffaello decorated by Raphael.
1. What do we know about the Musée du Louvre
A. It is the oldest museum in the world. B. It was designed by Ieoh Ming Pei.
C. It has been rebuilt many times. D. It has an attractive glass pyramid.
2. If you are into African culture, which museum should you visit
A. The Musée du Louvre. B. National Museum of China.
C. Metropolitan Museum of Art. D. Vatican Museums.
3 What do National Museum of China and Vatican Museums have in common
A. Both feature many ancient buildings. B. Both appeal to history fans.
C. Both have over one million items. D. Both offer exhibition routes.
C. Both have over one million items. D. Both offer exhibition routes.
B
Lionel Messi, who shone at the Qarta World Cup, is a well-known name even to those with no interest in sports. Even though he is shorter than most of his teammates, he rises above his opponents with adept skills and a legendary ability to score goals for his team.
Lionel Andres Messi was born on June 24, 1987, in the warm city of Rosario, Argentina. He was the third child in a tight-knit (亲密的) hard-working family who loved football. Naturally, young Leo developed a passion (热爱) for football himself.
At four years old, Leo joined the Grandoli local club, where he was coached by his father. When he was eight, Leo joined the talented Newell Old Boys. Football soon became as important as the air he breathed. Messi practiced day in and day out, skipping outings with his friends to train at home before a game. The sport made him quite happy and motivated and he began to dream of becoming a professional footballer.
But as he grew older, his height remained the same. His concerned parents eventually took their 11-year-old son to a doctor, who broke the news that the boy suffered from a growth hormone deficiency (生长激素缺乏). This meant he was physically unable to grow unless he received special treatment, which would last three years and cost $1, 500 per month.
Stories of a 13-year-old boy who had similar talents to legendary Argentinian footballer Diego Maradona had reached the ears of FC Barcelona’s technical director, Carles Rexach. Intrigued, he sent an offer to the Messi family. If he passed, the club would cover his medical bills, but on the condition that Messi moved to Spain. So, in September 2000, Leo and his family uprooted their lives and flew across the Atlantic to Barcelona.
Coach Carles was so impressed that he offered Leo a contract on the only thing he had at hand-a paper napkin. Leo signed it, opening the door to the life he had always dreamed of.
4. What is the function of the first paragraph
A. To introduce the topic. B. To attract readers.
C. To advertise the World Cup. D. To share an experience.
5. Why did Messi want to become a professional footballer
A. He wanted to satisfy his father.
B. He had a great love for football.
C. He was good at playing football.
D. He wanted to prove his ability.
6. Which of the following can best describe Messi according to the text
A. Generous and confident. B. Friendly and energetic.
C. Kind and responsible. D. Hardworking and talented.
7. What can we infer about Messi from the text
A. He was shorter than others when he was born.
B. He got support from his family to go after his dream.
C. Maradona once lent a helping hand to Messi.
D. Coach Charles believed Messi could be the next superstar.
C
Disastrous floods in eastern Libya killed at least 5,100 people, according to local authorities. The disaster comes after a series of deadly floods around the world this month, from China to Brazil to Greece. In every case, extremely heavy rain was to blame.
The enormous loss of life on many continents strengthens the extreme danger caused by climate-driven rainstorms, and the need for better warning systems and basic facilities to protect the most vulnerable (脆弱的) populations.
Climate change makes heavy rain more common even in dry places where the total amount of rainfall is small. That’s because a hotter atmosphere can hold more moisture. Everyday rainstorm, as well as bigger storms such as hurricanes, are increasingly dangerous as a result. In Libya, a storm called Daniel swept in from the Mediterranean over the weekend and resulted in a jaw-dropping 16 inches of rain in just 24 hour, according to the World Meteorological Organization. That is far too much water for the ground to absorb, especially in a dry climate where the soil is dry and is less able to suck up water quickly.
The massive amount of rain caused widespread flash flooding, and damaged at least one dam near the coastal city of Derna. That released torrents of water powerful enough to sweep away entire neighborhoods. In Brazil, flooding from a hurricane last week killed more than 20 people and left a large piece of southern Brazil underwater. Cities around the world are hurrying to improve their basic facilities to handle increasingly common heavy rain.
The disasters in the last two weeks also stress the vulnerability to climate change of people who are not wealthy or who live in places that are at war. While extreme rain has caused floods around the world recently, the number of the death is significantly higher in places where there isn’t money or political will to maintain basic facilities and enough weather warning systems.
8. What led to the floods in Libya
A. Extreme rainfall. B. Wet climate.
C. Severe hurricane. D. Broken facilities.
9. What does the underlined phrase “suck up” in paragraph 3 probably mean
A. Separate. B. Supply. C. Store. D. Absorb.
10. How do the floods affect people
A. They lead to people’s union. B. They cost people their lives.
C. They inspire people to struggle. D. They make people become strong.
11. What is the text mainly about
A. Floods linked to climate change. B. Floods in Libya and their causes.
C. The needs of disaster preparedness. D. Climate change impact on poor areas.
D
Building artificial intelligences that sleep and dream can lead to more dependable models, according to researchers who aim to mimic (模仿) the behavior of the human brain.
Concetto Spampinato and his research members at the University of Catania, Italy, were looking for ways to avoid a phenomenon known as “disastrous forgetting”, where an AI model trained to do a new task loses the ability to carry out jobs it previously excelled at. For instance, a model trained to identify animals could learn to spot different fish species, but then might lose its ability to recognize birds. They developed a method of training AI called Wake-Sleep Consolidated Learning (WSCL), which mimics the way that our brains reorganize short-term memories of daily learning when we are asleep.
Besides the usual training for the “awake” phase models using WSCL are programmed to have periods of “sleep”, where they analyze awake data from earlier lessons. This is similar to human spotting connections and patterns while sleeping.
WSCL also has a period of “dreaming”, which involves novel data made from combining previous concepts. This helps to integrate previous paths of digital “neurons (神经元)”, freeing up space for future concepts. It also prepares unused neurons with patterns that will help them pick up new lessons more easily.
The researchers tested three AI models using a traditional training method, followed by WSCL training. Then they compared performances for image identification. The sleep-trained models were 2 to 12 percent more likely to correctly identify the contents of an image. They also measured an increase in how much old knowledge a model uses to learn a new task.
Despite the results Andrew Rogoyski at the University of Surrey, UK, says using the human brain as a blueprint isn’t necessarily the best way to boost AI performance. Instead, he suggests mimicking dolphins, which can “sleep” with one part of the brain while another part remains active. After all, an AI that requires hours of sleep isn’t ideal for commercial applications.
12. WSCL was developed to help improve AI’s ______.
A. reliability B. creativity C. security D. popularity
13. What do models using WSCL do during the “sleeping” periods
A. Generate new data. B. Process previous data.
C. Receive data for later analysis. D. Save data for the “awake” phase.
14. What is paragraph 5 mainly about
A. The application of WSCL. B. The benefits of AI research.
C. The findings of the research. D. The underlying logic of WSCL.
15. Which best describes Andrew’s attitude towards the sleep-trained models
A. Cautious. B. Prejudiced. C. Pessimistic. D. Unconcerned.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余项。
Research has shown that mindful eating has positive impacts on people, so it’s beneficial to know how to eat more mindfully. Here are some techniques for eating at a healthy pace.
Remove all distractions while you eat. ____16____ Make sure your cell phone is face down and you’re not going to be responding to any messages that come through.
Take enough time to finish your meal. Even with all distractions removed, very often you still find yourself eating faster than you should.____17____ It takes about that time for your body to get the signal to the brain that you are full.
____18____ You might wonder how to spend 20 whole minutes eating a sandwich. One way to slowdown is to engage your senses and think through all the details about your meal. Ask yourself: What’s on my plate How hungry am I today Is it too salty Notice the smell, the taste and whatever other senses that arise as you eat.
Limit the amount of the food you might munch on(大口吃) mindlessly. Put a small amount of snack food, like potato chips, in a separate bowl to help avoid mindless munching.____19____ Putting aside some of the food can help you eat less at a healthier pace.
Actually chew. If you’re wolfing down(狼吞虎咽) your food you’re probably not chewing it. And chewing is an important part of digestion. ____20____ Look at each bite before putting it into your mouth, acknowledge what you’re eating and chew, chew, chew.
A. Notice all the little details about your food.
B. Limit your time for a meal within 20 minutes.
C It helps break up the foods so it’s easier for absorption.
D. Watch out for your food intake and the time you spend on it.
E. When you sit down to eat, spend at least 20 minutes doing so.
F. If you have a whole bag of it, it is challenging to stop after several bites.
G. They can limit your ability to enjoy your food and notice when you are full.
第三部分 语言运用（共三节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
While so many birds visit our leafy garden every year, it’s the pair of tawny frogmouths (茶色夜鹰) that have been returning for years to ____21____ their young that bring the most excitement. It’s been wonderful to observe how both parents take on the ____22____ duty of caring for their young.
Last summer the frogmouth family, parents and two babies, was ____23____ sitting in a tree close to our back deck ____24____ the late afternoon sunshine. With little ____25____, dark clouds emerged, and ____26____ rain began to fall.
At first the birds seemed to enjoy the rain and moved out along the branch, fluffing up (抖开) their feathers to ____27____ the wet weather. But within minutes, day turned to night. Dark clouds brought a ____28____ heavy storm; crashing thunder and blinding lightning, wild winds and driving rain turned the garden into a(n) ____29____ place for the little family.
Through the flashes of lightning, we watched in _____30_____ as the parents guided their young back along the branch until they were all gathered close to the tree trunk, both parents spreading their wings over their young to _____31_____ them from the rain. When the storm passed, the family walked _____32_____ out along the branch and spread their wings to enjoy the sunshine.
When I look up at the pair of tawny frogmouths who continue to _____33_____ our garden, I know I’m not just looking at _____34_____ parents, but very _____35_____ ones.
21. A. monitor B. save C. raise D. teach
22. A. painful B. risky C. simple D. serious
23. A. happily B. nervously C. hungrily D. bravely
24. A. avoiding B. enjoying C. expecting D. following
25. A. chance B. hope C. reporting D. warning
26. A. light B. heavy C. freezing D. seasonal
27. A. pay attention to B. keep track of C. get rid of D. take advantage of
28. A. late B. slow C. sudden D. perfect
29. A. attractive B. unsafe C. hiding D. unimportant
30. A. amazement B. horror C. embarrassment D. regret
31. A. remove B. distract C. protect D. separate
32. A. quietly B. away C. back D. sleepily
33. A. visit B. decorate C. approach D. clean
34. A. restless B. devoted C. shy D. determined
35. A. proud B. lucky C. demanding D. wise
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The World Health Organization (WHO) has announced a shocking finding about the air we breathe. It has found that almost everyone on Earth breathes unhealthy air. The WHO made ___36___(it) air quality update ahead of World Health Day on April 7. The update reported that 99 per cent of the world’s population breathes air ___37___ goes beyond WHO air quality limits. It looked at data from over 6,000 cities in 117 countries. People ___38___(live) in lower- and middle-income countries breathe the poorest-quality air. Millions of people die in these countries because of pollution-related diseases. The WHO said: “After surviving a pandemic, it is unacceptable to still have 7 million preventable deaths due ___39___ air pollution.”
The WHO said its report highlighted the need to move away from fossil fuels. It asked governments to do more ___40___ (reduce) levels of air pollution. It said: “Current energy concerns highlight the importance of speeding up the transition to cleaner and ___41___(healthy) energy systems.” It added that high gas prices, energy ___42___(secure), the dangers of air pollution, and climate change mean the world must be less dependent on fossil fuels. The WHO report ___43___(include) many recommendations for change. One of these is ___44___ use of clean energy for cooking, heating and lighting. Another is to “build safe and affordable public transport systems and pedestrian- and cycle-friendly ___45___(network)”.
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
46. 劳动是我国的传统美德。假定你是李华，你校将举办劳动教育活动周，请以“Labor -A Traditional Virtue”为主题，写一篇演讲稿，内容包括：
1.一次劳动体验；
2.你对劳动的理解。
注意：
1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Good morning, everyone.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节（满分25分）
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。
When I was young, I always dreamed of playing the piano and giving performances to a large audience in a concert hall. However, I struggled to understand the musical notes and the theory. Despite my parents’ encouragement and offer of piano lessons, I pretended not to be interested, too afraid to try.
Many years passed until one day, at 25 years old, I heard that a new piano studio had opened in my neighborhood. The teacher was recruiting (招收) new students. My childhood dream came flooding back.
I remembered I had initially feared becoming a teacher after graduation. However, I overcame those doubts. I refused to let fear hold me back any longer, so I walked into the studio.
The teacher, Deb, welcomed me warmly. I was relieved to find we were contemporaries (同时代的人) and expressed my desire to play the works of Bach and Beethoven if I could overcome my fear. Deb understood and seemed sincere, so I signed up for 3 months of classes. Still doubtful about my commitment, I bought a small, tabletop electric organ to practice with at home. It wasn’t the same as a real piano, but enabled me to learn some basics.
Week by week, I attended lessons in Deb’s studio. I often passed young students on their way out from their lessons before mine. One day, noticing the textbooks in my bag, a child stopped me and asked, “Where’s your boy ” After some hesitation, I finally answered I was the student. The children then welcomed me and I sat in the studio and listened to a piece a child was working on.
Soon, I gained confidence and upgraded to a full-size piano at home for daily practice. After three rewarding years of lessons with Deb, she announced it was time for me and other students to prepare for a recital (钢琴演奏会) on stage. I was thrilled at the chance to finally fulfill my childhood dream, yet also anxious at the thought of performing before the audience. But Deb believed in me. “Look how far you’ve come,” she encouraged. “It’s time to share your gift with others.”
Paragraph 1:
I shook my head and told her, “No, thanks.”
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
When I finally finished my performance, I faced the audience and bowed.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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