资源简介

代词
定义 名词的替身
人称代词：解决“谁”的问题
我 你 他 她 它 他们 我们 你们
主格 I you he she it they we you
宾格 me you him her it them us you
使用规则:主格：作主语，动词前;宾格：动词后，介词后（不一定做宾语）
人称问题 第一人称：我I 我们we
第二人称：你you 你们you
第三人称：他/她/它he/she/it 他们they
人称排序 单数：二，三，一（你为尊，他第二，我垫后）
You, he and I go to the library together.
复数：一，二，三(单调复不调)
We, you and they go to the library together.
物主代词：解决“谁的”的问题
类型 我的 你的 他的 她的 它的 他们的 我们的 你们的
形容词性物主代词 My your his her its their our your
名词性物主代词 mine yours his hers its their ours yours
使用规则：形物代+名词=名物代（必然不加名词）
反身代词：解决“谁自己”的问题
人称 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称
反身代词 myself ourselves yourself yourselves himself herself itself themselves
含义 我自己 我们自己 你自己 你们自己 他自己 她自己 它自己 他们自己
1.使用规则：反身代词使用时在人称、性别、数上保持一致
2.常用词组：
1. (by )oneself 独自=on one’s own
2. enjoy oneself 玩得高兴，过得愉快
3. help oneself .... 请自用……（随便吃/喝些……）.
4. look after oneself=take care of oneself 照顾自己
5. say to oneself 自言自语
6. make oneself at home 不要约束
7. introduce oneself 介绍……自己
8. teach oneself 自学=learn sth by oneself
9. dress oneself 打
10.hurt oneself 受伤扮
注意：反身代词不能单独做主语，但可以做主语的同位语，起强调作用。
Myself can finish my homework. (√) I myself can finish my homework.（×）
指示代词：
1.基本用法
单数
1 this 这个 近指 This is our box.
2 that 那个 远指 No! That isn't our box.
复数
3 these 这些 近指 These are my books.
4 those 那些 远指 No! Those books are mine.
2.问句问答
使用规则：this与that提问，单数it来回答；these与those提问，they来回答
例1；—Is this his box
—Yes, it is
例2：—Are these their boxes？
—No, they aren't
3.人物介绍/打电话
使用规则：介绍人时：this is；打电话时：this指自己
I'm Peppa Pig.This is my little brother,George.This is Mummy Pig.
And this is Daddy Pig.
—Is that Tom
—This is Tom speaking
疑问代词
类型 / / 主语 宾语 表语 定语 where/when/why/how是疑问副词
指人 主格 Who √ √ √
宾格 Whom √
人&物 属格 Whose √ √ √ √
指物 主格 Which √ √
宾格 What √ √ √ √
不定代词
1.some和any
some 肯定句、疑问句（请求）
any 否定句、疑问句
There are some cartoons(卡通) in this picture.
Can you give me some water/apples
There isn't any girl in this picture.
2.many与much “许多”
记忆技巧：
many：+可数名词
much：+不可数名词
补充：some、any、a lot of=lots of +可数、不可数
3.little/a little & few/ a few
含义 有一点 几乎没有 记忆技巧：五指大法
little：6个字母组合而成，一个手数不过来(+不可数名词)
few：3个字母组合而成，一个手可以数清楚(+可数名词)
不可数 a little little
可数 a few few
4.another/ the other/ other/ others/ the others
词 汇 用 法 例 句
another “另一，又一” ；后不加或加单数名词 I don’t think the coat is good enough. Can you show me another （one）
the other 指两者/方中的“另一个” He has two sons, one is in Shanghai, the other is in Beijing.
I have three pens. One is red, the other two are black.
the others=the other+复数 “其余全部的”
other “其他的（人或物）”, +复数名词 We study Chinese, maths, English and other subjects.
others “其他的（人或物）”， 但不指剩余全部；不加任何名词 Some like swimming, others like boating.
some...others“一些..另一些”
the others 某范围内“剩余全部人或物”不加任何名词 There are thirty books on the bookshelf. Five are mine, the others are my father’s.
5.either/each/both//neither/all/none
each 1 不定代词；≥2中的每一个；强调主体中的个体
every 1 限定词；≥3中的每一个；强调主体中的整体必须，作定语+单数名词
either 1/2 either...or...要么...要么...或者...或者...
both 2 both... and...两者都...
neither ≠2 nether...nor...既不...也不...
all ≥3 all of.../all the 名词;all放在代词后作同位语
none ≠≥3 none of+名词；回答how many/much的疑问句
Each of us wears a white T-shirt.
Every student has passed the exam.
I have two pen but I don't like either of them.
Both of the books are good.
Neither of the books is good.
All the students join in the club/They all agree to have a rest.
None of the students in our class can work out the maths problem.
复合不定代词
复合 thing body one where
some something somebody someone somewhere
any anything anybody anyone anywhere
every everything everybody everyone everywhere
no nothing nobody no one nowhere
考点1：复合不定代词+形容词，形容词后置 考点2：复合不定代词做主语，谓语动词用单数 考点3：something&anything辨析
I have something important to tell you.
Everyone in our class is afraid of darkness except Tom.
it用法
一、基本用法
1.主要指上文刚提到的事物，以避免重复。
They watched the train until it disappeared.
2. 指动物或未知性别的婴儿以及不明身份的人
Her new baby is tiny. It only weighs 2 kilos.
Someone is knocking at the door.Let's go and see who it is.
3. 指天气、时间、距离、环境等
It’s a nice day today./It's ten o'clock.
二、作形式主语替代不定式
1.It is +adj+ (of sb.) to do sth. “做某事的某人是怎样的”
注意：形容词形容的是人
常见的形容词有：bad，rude，careless，cruel，silly/stupid/foolish，horrible(讨厌的)，lazy，naughty，wrong，modest，good/kind/nice，honest，polite，wise，clever，brave等
例：It is kind of you to say so.
2.It is +adj+(for sb.) to do sth.
注意：形容词形容的是事
常见的形容词有：important，necessary，natural, common，normal，safe，dangerous，easy，hard，difficult，unusual，impossible，pleasant，rare等
例：It is important for her to come to the party.
3.It takes sb.+时间+to do sth. 做…要花费某人…
例：It took thousands of people many years to build the Great Wall.
三、作形式宾语替代不定式
it作形式宾语代替不定式、动名词、句子，常用结构：...think/find/believe/feel/make+it+adj/n.+(for sb)to do sth
I find it hard to learn math.
I feel it necessary to do exercise every day.
I made it a rule to keep diaries.
易错混淆
1.No one/Nobody/None/Nothing
no one 相当于nobody，指人，不能指物；用作主语时，谓语动词用单数，两者之后一般均不能接 of 短语。
none 既可指人也可指物，常用于none+of+名词或代词，作主语时若名词为不可数名词，谓语只能用单数，若为可数名词，则谓语可用单数或复数。
nothing 泛指没有任何东西 ,只能指代物；作主语时，谓语用单数。
用 none回答 how many 或 how much 或者含有any的提问;
用 no one回答who,及含anyone, anybody引起的疑问句 ;
用nothing回答含anything的一般问句及what引起的特殊问句。
——How many students are there in the room ——None.
——Is there any water in the bottle ——None.
——Who is in the room ——No one./Nobody
——Is there anyone in the room ——No one./Nobody
——What is in the box ——Nothing.
——Is there anything in the sky ——Nothing.
2.it/one/that/those
it 同类同物
one 同类不同物
that 用于比较结构中，代指前面提到的单数名词/不可数名词，避免重复
those 用于比较结构中，代指前面提到的复数名词，避免重复
The book is mine.It's very interesting.
I would like to buy one like yours。
The price of books here is lower than that in Beijing.
The books here are cheaper than those in Beijing.

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