资源简介
Teaching design
Unit 3 The Internet
Discovering Useful Structures
——Talk about something that has been done
Ⅰ. Learning objectives
By the end of this section, you will be able to:
1. identify the present perfect passive voice;
2. grasp the forms and functions of the present perfect passive voice;
3. compare the present perfect passive voice with the active form, and change the active form into the passive form;
4. apply the present perfect passive voice to complete related exercises, like creating a poem.
Ⅱ. Learning importance and difficulties
Grasp the forms and functions of the present perfect passive voice;
How to change the present perfect active voice into the passive form.
Ⅲ. Teaching procedures
Step 1 Lead-in
Look and discuss what’s the similarity of these sentences in the passage
Much has been written about the wonders of the World Wide Web.
People’s lives have been changed by online communities and social networks.
Many people have been helped by the club.
Jan’s life has been greatly improved by the Internet.
Suggested answer:
They all use the present perfect passive voice.
Step 2 Presentation
Activity 1 Read the pairs of sentences. Underline and compare the different verb forms.
Jan’s life has been greatly improved by the Internet.
Much has been written about the wonders of the World Wide Web.
The Internet has greatly improved Jan’s life.
People have written much about the wonders of the World Wide Web.
How do we form the present perfect passive voice
Verb form Active: have/has + v-ed
Passive: have/has + been + v-ed
Activity 2 Change the sentences into the present perfect passive voice. Find out the differences in meaning and function between the active and passive forms.
EXAMPLE
They’ve built a kind of new PC with more functions. →
A kind of new PC has been built with more functions.
1. I have downloaded the software to help my phone battery last longer.
2. Someone has lost an identity card.
3. Have you confirmed the Wi-Fi password
4. Have you pressed the button yet to copy the file
5. Has anyone made a comment about the online database
Suggested answers:
1.The software has been downloaded to help my phone battery last longer.
2.An identity card has been lost.
3.Has the Wi-Fi password been confirmed
4.Has the button been pressed yet to copy the file
5.Has a/any comment been made about the online database
The Present Perfect Active Voice VS The Present Perfect Passive Voice
1. Subject (主语):
In an active sentence, the subject is doing an action to an object, while in a passive sentence, the subject is having something done to it, and the doer of that action is not necessarily mentioned.
2. Function:
Active sentences are used often, as they are more direct. Passive sentences are often used when the doer of an action is unknown, not important, or preferred not named.
Step 3 The forms and functions of The Present Perfect Passive Voice
1. 形式:
(1)肯定式:主语 + have/has + been done + 其他
A 90-year-old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year” for being Britain’s oldest full-time employee — still working 40 hours a week. 一位90岁的老人被授予“年度女性”称号,因为她是英国年龄最大的全职员工——仍然每周工作40小时。
(2)否定式:主语+ have/has not been done + 其他
They haven’t been told the exciting news yet, have they
还没有人告诉他们这个令人激动的消息,是吗?
(3)一般疑问式:Have/Has + 主语 + been done + 其他
— Has her work been finished 她的工作完成了吗?
— Yes, it has.是的,完成了。
(4)特殊疑问式:特殊疑问词 + have/has + 主语 + been done + 其他?
How long has the machine been used 这台机器使用多久了?
2. 用法:
(1)表示被动的动作到说话时刻为止已经完成,强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果,通常与 already,yet,since,recently,so far,by now,up till/to now,over/in the past/few years等连用。
Despite the previous rounds of talks, no agreement has been reached so far by the two sides. 尽管进行了前几轮谈判,但双方迄今仍未达成任何协议。
Shakespeare’s play Hamlet has been made into at least ten different films over the past years.莎士比亚的戏剧《哈姆雷特》在过去的几年里被拍成了至少十部不同的电影。
(2)表示一个被动的动作或状态从过去开始一直持续到现在,并可能继续持续下去,常与for或since等引出的时间状语(从句)连用,或用于how long引出的句子中。
The machine has been repaired for two hours.这台机器已经被修理两个小时了。
(可能还会继续被修理)
(3)用于时间或条件状语从句中,表示将来某时以前已经完成的动作。
We’ll start as soon as the work has been finished.这份工作一完成我们就立即动身。
3. 注意:
(1)非延续性动词,如borrow,finish,begin,start,buy,marry,open,join等构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达相应的意思,则要改换动词或时态。
工程已开始三个月了。
The project has been started for three months.(F)
The project has been on for three months.(T)
(2)现在完成时的被动语态与一般过去时的被动语态的区别:
The machine has been repaired.
(说明动作发生在过去,对现在有影响,“现在修好了”)
The machine was repaired yesterday.(只说明动作发生在过去)
4. 现在完成时的主动语态变被动语态:
(1)只带有一个宾语的动词变为被动语态时,将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
Tom has sold out all the magazines.
All the magazines have been sold out by Tom.
(2)带有双宾语的动词,如give,send,bring,take,teach,show,tell,make,sing,write,read,sell,buy,pay,lend,pass,promise等,变为被动语态时,一般将间接宾语变为被动语态的主语,若将直接宾语变为被动语态的主语时,间接宾语前面要用相应的介词。
We have given him the book.
He has been given the book./The book has been given to him.
(3)带有复合宾语的动词变为被动语态时,只能将宾语变为主语,原来的
宾语补足语变为主语补足语。
After decorating the Amber Room with jewels, the artists have made it more splendid.
After being decorated with jewels, the Amber Room has been made more splendid.
注意:带有复合宾语的动词变为被动语态时,若宾语补足语为省略to的不定式充当时,在被动语态中需将省掉的to加上。
The boss has made his company offer more chances for people to work.
His company has been made to offer more chances for people to work.
Step 4 Practice
Task 1 Complete the sentences with the present perfect passive voice of the given verbs.
1. A: Why can’t I access my account
B: _____ your personal information ____________ (update)
2. Both learning sites _______________ (visit) by over 10,000 people since last year.
3. This keyboard ________________ (not use) for a long time.
4. Can you tell me what ____________ (do) to bridge the digital divide
5. In the past year I ___________ __ (inspire) to buy e-books instead of paper books.
6. A: Where can I read those comments
B: Online. They ________________ (post) already.
7. It seems that more health problems _______________ (cause) by mobile phones.
8. That app _______________ (delete) from my smartphone already.
Suggested answers:
1.Has been updated 2.have been visited
3.has not been used 4.has been done
5.have been inspired 6.have been posted
7.have been caused 8.has been deleted
Task 2 Find and correct the mistake in each sentence.
EXAMPLE
This app was used several times since I downloaded it.
has been
1. How much money has spent on the earthquake recovery
2. The girl is really upset because her new bicycle has stolen.
3. These old houses have been built in the 18th century.
4. It’s a pity that the letter has never sent to his father.
5. Little had been seen of them since they moved into the house down the street.
Suggested answers:
1.has been spent 2.has been stolen
3.were built 4.has never been sent 5.has
Task 3 Read the poem. Then think of your own situation and write a similar poem.
Look at the way your face has been washed
Look at the way your teeth have been brushed
Look at the way your shoes have been cleaned
You’d better do them again.
Look at the way the flowers have been planted
Look at the way the grass has been cut
Look at the way the paths have been swept
I hope that you’ll come here again.
Tips:
1. Think about a subject.
2. List some actions/verbs connected to that subject.
3. Write a sentence with the present perfect passive voice .
4. Follow the same pattern or even create your own.
Suggested answer:
Look at the way the picture has been painted
Listen to the way the song has been written
Look at the way the film has been made
Now think about what you could create.
Look at the way the needy have been helped
Look at the way the river has been cleaned
Look at the way the tree has been planted
Now think how to make the world a better place.
Step 5 Summary
In this lesson, we
1. learned the forms and functions of the present perfect passive voice;
3. compared the present perfect passive voice with the active form, and change the active form into the passive form;
4. applied the present perfect passive voice to complete related exercises, like creating a poem.
Step 6 Homework
Summarize the forms and functions of the present perfect passive voice.
Write a short essay to describe the changes brought to life by the Internet.
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