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英语阅读理解解题技巧
问题1：中考阅读理解考什么？
【题型分析】
分析近10年广东省中考英语真题，阅读理解试题有以下特点：
题型方面，设题角度灵活多样，有主旨大意题、细节理解题、推理判断题、词义猜测题等。
题材方面，涉及社会科学、地理、历史、文化、环境保护等领域，A篇文章一般为应用文（广告、海报等），B篇文章一般为科普说明文（地理、历史、科学、生物、习俗等），要求考生对世界地理、文化、历史等背景知识及时事有一定程度的了解。
能力方面，阅读理解要求学生能够根据所提供的材料综合运用所学的语言知识，从中获取文字信息，重点考查学生的词汇量、阅读速度、理解能力、逻辑思维及推理能力、归纳总结能力等。
问题2：阅读理解如何解题？
解题时，一定要有“题型分类” 思想，因为不同的题型有不同的特征，不同的题型特征又对应着不同的解题技巧。
根据题型的特征，阅读理解题型可分为：
（1）细节理解题 （2）主旨大意题 （3）词义猜测题 （4）推理判断题
题型一：细节理解题
在阅读理解题目中,有一大半是考查细节和事实的题目。这类题目相对容易一些。
【问】什么是细节理解题？
细节题主要考查考生对文章中阐述主题的细节与具体事实的把握能力。
内容涉及询问事实、原因、结果、目的等。
【问】如何判断一道题是否是细节理解题？
细节理解题常见的提问形式：
(1)特殊疑问词提问类型
When can you go to...
Where can...
How many ways can...
We can learn from the last paragraph that ______.
You may... because...
(2)True or NOT true 是非判断类型
Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage
Which of the following is TRUE
Which of the following is NOT true
Which of the following is true EXCEPT________
细节理解题的标志：when,where,why,how ,which,because,TRUE/true,EXCEPT/except
【问】细节理解题有什么特征？
细节理解题有三个共同特点:
1.细节理解题的题干和原文有关键词重合
2.正确答案都可以在阅读材料中找到对应的文字部分作为验证
3.正确答案常见特征为:等价替换
等价替换的类型1：同一单词不同词性等价
behave—behavior move—movement dark—darkness safe-safety
【例1】For safety, you must use our new baskets only. A basket alone costs 5 yuan. It holds about 2 kg of strawberries and a basket of strawberries is priced at 50 yuan in total.
( )The farm provides new baskets ______.
A.to cut down the cost B. to protect the environment
C.to keep customers safe D.to carry more strawberries
等价替换的常见类型2：不同单词同义等价
form—way dark—not bright online —on the Internet
【例2】
What is cyberbullying
Cyberbullying includes：
sending bad messages online
sharing photos online without permission
not letting someone be part of an online group
spreading lies online.
( )Cyberbullying means bullying ____.
A. at school B. at home C. on the street D. on the Internet
等价替换的常见类型3： 句式意思等价
I am taller than Tom.
=Tom is not as tall as me.=Tom is shorter than me.
【例3】About Suzzane Landry: She is the writer of Healthy Eating and Fresh Food Matters. To look for new ideas to add to her cooking
( )According to the advertisement, we know that__________.
A.we can book the cooking class on the phone
B.only American Indians enjoy Suzzane’s teaching
C.Suzzane got her cooking ideas from different DVDs
D.Suzzane Landry wrote two books about eating and food
【结论】要想拿高分，单词量不能少！
【问】如何解细节理解题 ？
解题技巧：划-定-比
1、划：划出题干关键词
2、定：原文中定位关键词所在句
3、比：对比原文关键词所在上下句和选项
【步骤1】划：划出题干关键词
【问】什么是关键词？
定位关键词的选择原则：
（1）大写字母
（2）数字
（3）名词（常见标志：a/an/the/many/much/some+n、n(s)）
（4）动词（常见标志：ing/ed/to/s）
注意：关键词数量一般2-4个最佳，以防1个词无法定位。
【例】划出下列题干的关键词：
According to the passage, the umbrella was probably first used in ancient _______.
【步骤2】定：定位关键词所在原文中的句子
【问】如何定位？
【定位技巧1】题文同序原则
题目出现的顺序与答案在文中出现的顺序一致。如，第1题答案常常在第1-2段，第2题答案在第1题后
【定位技巧2】根据常考出题点
(1)中心句(段首句，段尾句)
(2)转折关系： however，but ，yet
(3)因果关系： because，so
(4)举例关系: for example，such as ，like
(5)敏感词(唯一性信息):最高级;序数词
(6)特殊符号: ——、 “ ”、 ：、 （ ）、●
(7)特殊标记：加粗，斜体，划线、中文
(1)中心句(首段首句，尾段尾句)
【例4】 In nature, you may see many insects (昆虫）and animals of different colors.(首段首句) Have you ever wondered why
( ) What is the main idea of this passage
A. Some insects and animals have different skills.
B. Some insects and animals are clever than we think.
C. Some insects and animals use colors to protect themselves.
D. Some insects and animals can get used to the environment easily.
(2)转折关系：however，but ，yet
【例5】Are you sometimes a little tired and sleepy in the early afternoon Many people feel this way after lunch. They may think that eating lunch is the cause of the sleepiness. Or, in summer, they may think it is the heat. However, the real reason lies inside their bodies. At that time, about eight hours after you wake up, your body temperature goes down. This is what makes you slow down and feel sleepy.
( ) Why do you sometimes feel sleepy in the early afternoon
A. Because it’s very hot in summer.
B. Because we eat too much for lunch.
C. Because our body temperature goes down at that time.
D. Because we need to prepare our brain to learn.
(3)因果关系：because，so
【例6】 Locusts are super delicious food for birds,but it is not always an easy job for birds
to catch them.It is neither because locusts are good jumpers or runners nor because they
are smarter than their enemies. The reason is that the colors of locusts change with the
colors of crops(庄稼).
( ) It is not easy for birds to catch locusts because____________. .
A .locusts are good runners B. locusts can jump very high
C. locusts are smarter than birds D. locusts can change their color
(4)举例关系:for example，such as ，like
【例7】It is necessary for students to learn some team skills like developing relationships, communicating well with others and solving problems. Here are two fun team activities.
( ) How many team skills does the writer mention (提及) in Paragraph 1
A. One. B. Two. C. Three. D. Four.
(5)特殊符号: ——、 “ ”、 ：、 （ ）、●
【例8】
Sensing First of all, your robot would have to be able to sense the environment around it.
Give your robot sensors (传感器)：light sensors( eyes ), touch sensors (hands), chemical
sensors(nose), hearing sensors(ears) and taste sensors (tongue).
Intelligence A robot needs some kind of "smarts". A programmer is the person who gives
the robot its "smarts". The robot will have to have a certain way to receive the program so
that it knows what it is to do.
( ) 1.The chemical sensors may help a robot to ____.
A. see B. catch C. hear D. smell
( ) 2.The Chinese meaning of "Intelligence" in the last paragraph is ____.
A.能源 B. 勤奋 C. 智能 D. 外观
(6)特殊标记：加粗，斜体，划线、中文、数字、大写
【例9】To pick the strawberries, you need to make are reservation(预约)on our website. Reservations are open from 13:00 to 20: 00 the day before the picking.
( ) If you go to the farm on August 8th, you can make a reservation at ______.
A. 10: 00 on August 6th B. 10: 00 on August 7th
C. 14: 00 on August 6th D. 14: 00 on August 7th
【例10】If children come, they MUST stay close to their parents. Running up and down the strawberry rows will NOT be allowed.
( ) On the farm. children are asked to ______.
A. plant some strawberries B.run along the rows
C. stay close to their parents D.look after their pets
【例11】
Activity 1: Water Relay (接力赛)
Tools
● Two large buckets (水桶) to hold water
● One small bucket for each team member
( )What tools are needed for each team in Water Relay
A. One large bucket for each member.
B. Two large buckets for each member.
C. One small bucket for each member and two large buckets.
D. Two small buckets for each member and one large bucket
【步骤3】比：对比原文关键词所在上下句和选项
正确选项特征：
（1）原文复现（一模一样）
（2）同义替换（同义词替换）
（3）信息整合（总结归纳）
（4）语气委婉（may,might），无绝对化词汇（must，only，always，never，none，all）
错误选项特征：
（1）张冠李戴/偷梁换柱
（2）无中生有
（3）以偏概全，范围不当
（4）绝对化（must，only，never，none，all，any）
【例12】 Locusts are super delicious food for birds,but it is not always an easy job for birds to catch them.It is neither because locusts are good jumpers or runners nor because they are smarter than their enemies. The reason is that the colors of locusts change with the colors of crops(庄稼). When crops are young,locusts look green. But when autumn comes, locusts change to the yellow and brown color as crops do.
( ) It is not easy for birds to catch locusts because____________. .
A .locusts are good runners B. locusts can jump very high
C. locusts are smarter than birds D. locusts can change their color
【例13】 Many places in China are polluted by e-waste. Guiyu in Guangdong province is one of them. This town is named as“the e-waste capital of the world”. It has to deal with 1.5mllion kilograms of e-waste each year, from which it makes 75 million years. But it comes at a cost. Many of the poison in e-waste find their way into the environment. Plastic is burned outdoors and chemical water is poured into rivers, Greenpeace, an environmental group, has found the air, the earth and the rivers in Guiyu badly polluted.
( )The town of Guiyu in Guangdong Province_________.
A. is the e-capital of the world B.has serious e-waste pollution
C. deals with e-waste safely D.speeds much money on e-waste
【例14】 Other forms can also carry different messages. For example, a sign at the bus stop gives passengers on which bus to take. The flag language made by soldiers can pass different orders. Sound from the school bell tells the students and teachers when to begin or end a class. A photographer can use the photos he has taken to tell others about what he thinks of the world around him. Music and films also convey the feelings and ideas of the musicians and the directors. So next time when you see a piece of art or listen to some music, take it as communication with its creator and try to get the meaning behind it.
( ) Through a photo we may know______.
A. which bus can be taken B. what the orders mean for soldiers
C. how the photographer sees the world D. when the students should have a class
【例15】There's much to see under the sea, but you need to remember that light behaves differently in water than in air. The objects appear closer to you than they exactly are. You might find yourself reaching out to touch something and completely missing it.
( ) You miss the object underwater when you want to touch it because_________.
A. your eyesight is quite poor B. you are not quick enough
C. it is not as close as it seems D. it disappears very quickly
题型二：主旨大意题
【问】什么是主旨大意题？
主旨大意题主要是测试考生对一篇文章或一段文字的深层理解程度以及在速读中准确把握文章主旨大意的能力。
主旨大意题的测试内容主要侧重“概括文章大意”和“确定文章的最佳标题”。
【问】如何判断一道题是否是主旨大意题？
主旨大意题 常见的提问形式：
(1) The best title of this passage is...
(2) What is the main purpose of the passage
(3) What is the passage mainly about
(4) What's the main idea / topic of the passage
【提示】判断主旨大意题的关键词： main idea ,title ,purpose, mainly
【问】如何解主旨大意题 ？
抓关键词、关键句
（1）首段首句+各段首句+尾段尾句
（2）疑问句
（3）转折句（but,however,yet）
（4）特殊字眼：研究发现（report/research/study +find/show）
（5）中文提示词
【类型1】（首尾呼应式）
同学们，我们这节课，来讲解阅读理解的解题技巧。
阅读理解主要分为四种题型：主旨大意题、细节理解题、词义猜测题、推理判断题。
首先，我们来看阅读理解之主旨大意题的解题技巧......
然后，我们来看阅读理解之细节理解题的解题技巧......
接下来，我们来看阅读理解之词义猜测题的解题技巧......
最后，我们来看阅读理解之推理判断题的解题技巧......
在课程最后，我们来总结一下本节课内容。我们讲解了阅读理解的四种题型的解题技巧，大家需要多结合阅读理解题去加以训练。
【问】这篇文章主要讲了什么 ？
A. 主旨大意题的解题技巧 B.细节理解题的解题技巧
C. 词义猜测题的解题技巧 D.阅读理解的四种题型的解题技巧
【类型2】（铺垫式）
同学们，上这节课之前，我们先来做一个物理实验。
（实验看到一根筷子放在水中看似断开了...）
在上面这个实验中，我们发现筷子断了。那么，为什么筷子看起来会断呢？
这就涉及到我们本节课要讲的内容——光的折射。
......
【问】这篇文章主要讲了什么？
A. 筷子的实验 B.光的折射 C.一个物理实验
【类型3】 先抑后扬类
在英语教学过程中，我发现很多同学记单词的方法是这样的：每天看着课文单词，看3分钟，以为就自己记住了。
但是，这个记单词的方法真的有效吗？根据我的英语教学经验，这样的单词记忆方法导致的结果是：结果考试时，出现这些单词时，发现全部忘记了...
如果我们要记单词，正确的方式要遵循以下几个原则：
第一，重复原则
第二，语境记忆原则
【问】这篇文章主要讲了什么？
A. 英语教学 B.看着课文记单词 C.记单词的有效方法 D.重复原则
【问】主旨大意题的答案有哪些特点？
正确选项的特点:
（1）不含细节信息和表绝对意义的词
（2）中心词多为抽象名词（problem, history, way, difference, importance等）
（3）能概括文章全部内容
干扰选项的特点:
（1）细节性的描述 （2）范围扩大
【例16】
It is reported that some developed countries have shipped broken parts of computes to China.
Things like these are called electronic waste, or e-waste. Dealing with is not an easy job because dangerous poison like mercury(汞)and lead (铅)can be found in them. ...
Many places in China are polluted by e-waste. ...
The Chinese government wants the country to develop, but in a way that doesn’t do harm to the environment and people’s life. ...
Hopefully, the problem with e-waste will be solved in near future.
( )The passage is mainly about________.
A.the way in deal with e-waste B.the cost of burning e-waste
C.the e-waste problem in China D.the need to pass a law against e-waste
【例17】
When people talk to each other, write letters or make phone calls, words of the spoken form of the written form can send any message they want to pass on.
But besides words, do you know any other ways you can use to communicate with people Rich expressions on your face can be one of them. ...
Other forms can also carry different messages. ...
( )The best title for the passage may be______.
A. Spoken and Written Languages B. Forms of Communication
C. Facial Expressions and Gestures D. Suggestions on Communication
【例18】
There's much to see under the sea, but you need to remember that light behaves differently in water than in air. The objects appear closer to you than they exactly are. ...
Objects under water will appear larger than they would on the surface, too. ...
What’s more, in deeper water, colors just don't seem as bright. ...
Swimmers wear wet suits to keep warm underwater. ... And you have to wait for your return to the surface to enjoy the bright colors again!
( )The best title of this passage is_________.
A. The Standard of Color Underwater B. The Direction of Light Underwater
C. The Brightness of Color Underwater D. The Behavior of Light Underwater
【例19】
In our daily life, robots are often found to do work that is too dangerous, boring, difficult, or dirty. And we often see kids play with toy robots.
But what exactly is a robot There are some important characteristics(特征 ) that a robot must have. ...
Sensing ...
Movement ...
Energy ...
Intelligence...
( ) What is the main purpose of the passage
A. To help people understand what a robot is. B. To tell what a robot can do in our life.
C. To describe the movement of a robot. D. To introduce the history of robots.
题型三：词义猜测题
【问】什么是词义猜测题？
猜测词义题是指在阅读过程中根据对语篇的信息、逻辑、背景知识及语言结构等的综合理解去猜测或推断某一生词、难词、关键词的意义。
【问】如何判断一道题是否是词义猜测题？
词义猜测题常见的提问形式：
1. What does the underlined word “…” mean
2. The underlined word “….” can be replaced by ________.
3. The underlined word “…” probably means ________.
4. By saying “…”, the writer means ________.
5. The word “…” in the passage probably means ________.
【提示】判断词义猜测题的关键词：mean ,meaning ,underlined
【问】如何解此意猜测题 ？
基本原则：忠于原文
返回原文，找出生词出现的地方，答案经常隐藏在该词汇出现的地方
猜测词义的方法主要有:
【方法1】定义或解释说明
【方法2】举例说明
【方法3】同义词、近义词、反义词
【方法4】逻辑关系提示
【例20】
And there was a strange thing connected with its use : it became a symbol of honor and power(权力). In the Far East in ancient times, the umbrella was allowed to be used only by those in high office or by royal people such as the kings or queens.
( ) The underlined word “royal”might mean ______ in Chinese.
A.皇室的 B.富裕的 C.中产的 D.平民的
【例21】
However, insects with colors different from plants can easily be found and eaten by others. So in order to survive,they have to hide themselves in the daytime and appear only at night.
( )What’s the meaning of the underlined word”survive” in the passage
A. give birth to child B. lay eggs C. look for food D.live
【例22】
Some animals can sense the earth’s magnetic field (磁场), while humans can’t. This magnetic field guides a certain kind of fish when they swim a long way to a place and then back. How can this kind of fish do that It is still a mystery. Scientists have no good answers yet.
( )What does the underlined word “mystery” in paragraph 4 probably mean
A Secret. B. Choice. C. Reason. D. Feeling.
【例23】
Although Jerry had achieved great success, he didn't feel fulfilled. He asked himself, “Is it enough to climb the highest mountains Am I doing something helpful How can I turn my adventures into something that can help the world ”
( )What does the underlined word “fulfilled”in Paragraph 2 mean
A.Satisfied. B.Lonely. C.Patient. D.Worried.
题型四：推理判断题
【问】什么是推理判断题？
推理判断题，着重考查根据文章内容推断出文章的出处和读者等。
【问】如何判断一道题是否是推理判断题？
推理判断题常见的提问形式：
1.This passages is probably from_______. （文章出处题）
2.We can probably see the passage in _______. （文章出处题）
3. This passage is mainly written for _______. （文章读者题）
4. This library guide is for_______. （文章读者题）
【提示】判断推理判断题的关键词：passage, can, could, might, may, probably
1.常考文章出处
book review ________ science report ________
magazine ________ travel guide ________
website ________ advertisement ________
novel ________ poster ________
notice ________ letter 书信
newspaper 报纸 instruction ________
2.常考文章读者相关单词
teacher 教师 parent 父母
child 孩子 student 学生
visitor 参观者 worker 工作人员
police 警察 teenager 青少年
【问】如何解推理判断题？
1.文章出处题
结合文章内容来进行分析与判断
(1)文章前面有日期、地址或通讯地址→newspaper, news report ;
(2)新产品/影片/演出/夏令营介绍→advertisement ，poster;
(3)旅游景点介绍→travel guide ;
(4)科普知识/研究介绍→science report/study report ;
(5)对某设备、产品等做出介绍→product instruction ;
(6)时尚、名人或娱乐方面的介绍→magazine;
(7)文章中有 online，web, click，video或http:/www→website
2.文章读者题
结合有关身份信息来进行分析与判断
(1) your teachers →students
(2)your parents →kids/children
(3)your kids →parents
(4)your patient→doctors
【例24】
This will offer you some information about our school library.You can use this guide to help your kids use our library.
Service hours:...
Borrowing...
Returning:...
Damaged(受损的） or Lost Books ...
( )This library guide is for_______.
A. teachers from Wildwood
B. workers in Wildwood School Library .
C. visitors to Wildwood School
D. parents of the Wildwood School students
【例25】
People often think of the North Pole and the South Pole as similar frozen (冰凉）wastelands.They are both places with very cold temperatures and few people live there. However,the North and South Poles are not much alike as people may imagine.
The North Pole has no land,only thick ice. Temperatures seldom go above 32 F, at which water turns into ice. Most of the time, it stays below zero. In winter temperatures are usually as low as -30 F.
( )This passages is probably from_______ .
A. a book review B. a science book C. a school report D. a computer magazine
【例26】
Bullying （欺凌）can happen to anyone. A great many children around the world are bullied every year, but there are things that can be done to help.
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What can we do
If someone is not kind to you, tell an adult that you know and like. For example, talk to a parent or a teacher.
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Talk to your parents or teacher or an adult if you see bullying or if you are worried about a friend.
( ) 17.This passage is mainly written for ____.
A. teachers B. parents C. child D. the police
【例27】
It is necessary for students to learn some team skills like developing relationships, communicating well with others and solving problems. Here are two fun team activities.
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Activity 1: Water Relay (接力赛)
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Activity 2: Truth and Lie
( )18. This passage is most probably from ______.
a science book B. a travel guide C. a news website D. a school magazine
本节课总结
1.细节理解题: 划——定——比
2.主旨大意题：找中心句
3.词义猜测题：忠于原文
4.推理判断题
（1）文章出处题：看内容
（2）文章读者题：看身份信息

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