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广东中考英语短文填空解题技巧
问题1：中考短文填空考什么？
【真题再现】
it either be because what else by invent clean popular habit hundred
There is a small thing we use every day. We usually put 1 in the bathroom. Without it, we might have tooth problems. Can you guess 2 it is Yes, it’s the toothbrush. But do you know anything about its history
According to some research, before toothbrushes appeared, the ancient Chinese people 3 their teeth with some small tree branches (树枝). About 800 years ago, people made a kind of brushes with pig hair and bamboo. It might 4 the world’s earliest form of toothbrushes. As time went 5 , the forms of toothbrushes changed. For example, people chose horse-tail hair instead of pig hair 6 pig hair was too hard. Imagine that you travel back to 7 of years ago and brush your teeth comfortably. It sounds fantastic, doesn’t it
Around the 15th century, the Chinese toothbrush found its way into Europe. It became 8 among local people soon. The 9 of toothbrushes was not as famous as that of paper-making, but it was very useful in daily life. Today we have a good 10 of brushing teeth. We should thank the ancient Chinese for it.
【题型分析】
分析广东省中考英语真题，短文填空试题有以下特点：
体裁方面，多为故事性或夹叙、夹议的记叙文，也可能对某一事物进行科普，具有教育意义。
考点方面，10个空，分别考查动词、名词、形容词、副词、介词、冠词、连词、代词、数词的用法以及三大从句引导词等。
能力方面 ，重点考查学生的逻辑推理判断、常用搭配的掌握情况、语法知识、词汇知识等的掌握情况。
词汇方面，以中考核心高频词汇为主，难度不大。
问题2：短文填空如何解题？
一、解题思路：
1.理解方框内单词的中文意思以及词性
2.判断横线处要填的词性
3.根据上下文语境选择单词的适当形式
【步骤1】理解方框内单词的中文意思以及词性
【问】如何知道一个单词的词性？
【方法1】单词表记忆法
【方法2】定义法
常见的词性表：
词类 词性缩写 含义 举例
动词 v 表示动作或状态 be (am, is, are), have, like, go
名词 n 表示人或事物的名称 pencil, people, fruit, tennis
形容词 adj 用于修饰名词，表示人或事物的特征（......的） red, happy, difficult, busy
副词 adv 用于修饰动词、形容词或其他副词（......地） not, too, always, only, happily
介词 prep 表示名词、代词等与句中其他词的关系 in, on, at, of, with, without
冠词 art 用于名词前，帮助说明名词所指的人或事物 a, an, the
连词 conj 用于连接词与词、短语与短语或句与句 and, or, but, if, because, when,what
代词 pron 用于代替名词以及起名词作用的短语、分句或句子等 we, that, hers, what
数词 num 表示数量或顺序 six, thirteen, first, twentieth
【测试】写出下列单词的词性：
online________ really________ away_________
without_________ by_________ from__________
surprise________ proud ________ however__________
something_______ they________ such__________
so___________ although ________ who__________
【步骤2】判断横线处要填的词性
【问】如何确定横线处要填的词性？
【方法1】模型法
五种基本句型
（1） 主谓 I left.
（2）主谓宾 I love English.
（3）主谓宾宾 I give him a pen.
（4）主谓宾补 I call the boy Tom.
（5）主系表 I am tall.
【常见句型】主（n）+谓（v ）+宾（n）
【拓展】
副词，(冠词、数词、形容词)+ n+ v （副词）+(冠词、数词、形容词)+n+介词短语，副词
Today, the/two/many students watched carefully the/one/funny movie in the classroom ,too.
【做题原则】先看句子是否完整：
（1）若句子不完整，则缺什么成分（主语/谓语/宾语），就补相应词性（名词、动词、代词）。
（2）若句子完整，考虑加介词、冠词、连词、形容词、副词、数词。
（1）句子不完整
【模型1】_______ +v+n
_____ takes me 2 hours to go to school.
【模型2】n _______ +n
We _____ $10 for the clothes.
【模型3】n +v _______
We should spend more ______ with our parents.
【模型4】句子_______ 句子
I like English _____ I am not good at it.
【模型5】_______ 句子，句子
_____ I don’t have enough money, I still want to buy a gift for my mother.
【模型6】句子_______ 句子（缺主语、宾语）
He is my father ______ is strict with me.
【模型7】_______ ，句子
I arrived at the school._____ , I found my wallet lost.
【模型8】句子，_______
He likes English. I like English, ________.
【模型9】句_______ 子
I can ______ play basketball well.
【模型10】___________ 句子
_____________ boys went in the classroom.
【模型11】 句子________n/v-ing
I often go to school ________bus.
【模型12】 _______ n/v-ing, 句子
______ the future, there will be more robots.
【牛刀小试1】
however for whether at who if though save you too
1._______ I made much money ,I felt unhappy .
2. Thanks to the passengers, the doctors _______ the man in time yesterday.
3.______ we give him a hand ,he will work out the problem.
4.Tony is the boy ______ is standing under the tree.
5.Jenny studied hard in school.________,she didn’t pass the exam.
6.I have lived in Guangzhou _______ ten years.
7._______ the age of ten,she could make a lot of money to help her mother.
8.If you have a plan to visit China , would ______like to spend this festival with us
9.He is popular with classmates ,and the teacher is pleased with him ,______.
【方法2】关键词法
冠词限定名词 art(a/an/the) +_______
数词限定名词 num(one/two/three...) +_______
形容词修饰名词 adj(good/bad...)+________
形容词性物主代词修饰名词 pron(my/your/her...)+________
介词连接名词、V-ing短语 prep(in/on/at/with...)+__________
及物动词接名词 vt(play/see...)+______________
不及物动词接介词再加名词 vi(listen/look...)+_________+ n
情态动词接动词原形 V情态(can/may/must...)+__________
助动词接动词 V助(have/has...)+__________
V助(do/does/did...)+__________
V助(be)+_____________
系动词接形容词 V系(be/become/keep/feel...)+__________
【注意】to +___________________
【牛刀小试2】
good for write festival restaurant show make be popular
1.I think that it is easy to ________ money in America.
2.On Mother' Day, they give their mothers something special to ______ their love.
3.The Reading Festival is coming.Teacher asks us to do something to celebrate the ________.
4.I worked in a small __________, serving the guests, cleaning up the tables, washing the dishes .
5.Computers might ________ one of the world’s greatest inventions.
6.The toothbrush became _______ among local people soon.
7.People like it because it is ________ for their health.
8.Since he came to China, he has ________ thirty books about China.
【牛刀小试3】
see letter thing become tired life after idea
1.Have you ever _______ the basketball match on TV
2.I will help look _______ the kids when their parents are not at home.
3.Jenny wanted to do something to help her friends. Then she came up with an _______ .
4.I often stay up late to play games and then feel ________the next day.
5.He works hard to help many deaf people live a better________ .
6.You probably think you will never ________ a successful student.
7.When you plan your week time, you should make a list of ________that you need do.　
8.Tom’s new book includes his seven ________to his family back in America.
【步骤3】根据上下文语境选择单词的适当形式
短文填空中，需要注意所填单词的形式，尤其是名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词。
1、动词的用法：
在短文填空中，动词可能改变的形式有：
原形（do）,过去式（ did）,三单形式（ does）,动名词（ doing）,过去分词（ done)
listen spend take clean see
① Last Friday, we helped to ________ up the park .
② Three months ago, Li Hua ________too much time playing games and he fell behind others.
③ Tom’s mother lives with him,and _______ care of his kids.
④ I studied English by ________ to music.
⑤ Have you ever _________ the dragon boat race（比赛）on TV
2、名词的用法
( 1 )名词单数
( 2 )名词复数
money idea letter fruit
① They wanted to raise money to help their friends. Then she came up with an _______.
② His new book includes seven _______to his mother. The letters show his love for her.
③ On the table she lays out some _______ in season, such as carrots and tomatoes.
④ They are poor because they don’t have much __________.
3、形容词﹑副词的用法
( 1 )形容词 ﹑副词的修饰关系（原级）
( 2 )形容词 ﹑副词的比较级、最高级
much heavy long quick good
① It rained so ________ that we had to put off the meeting.
② The harder you study,the ______ grades you will get.
③ On Dragon Boat Festival, they rowed(划) their boat as _______as they can.
④ The Yellow River is the second ________ river in China.
⑤ As time goes by, tea business is getting ________important than before.
4、代词的用法
( 1 )人称代词(主格﹑宾格)
( 2 )物主代词(形容词性、名词性)
( 3 )反身代词
人称与数 人称代词 物主代词 反身代词
主格 宾格 形容词性 名词性
第一人称 单数
复数
第二人称 单数
复数
第三人称 单数 他
她
它
复数 他/她/它们
you I they he she we
① He is ________ favorite singer. I liked him so much
② Tom went to my birthday party and he enjoyed ___________.
③ If you keep working hard , you will finally make_________dream come true.
④ After helping 12 kids ,she felt very excited when she saw smiles on_________faces.
⑤ Once upon a time ,Jenny painted on the walls of ________ own house .
⑥ We should try ________best to care for our family.
.
5.词性转化规律
(1)名词构词法：
类别 变法 例词
形容词→名词 -ness kind→_________ happy→___________
-ity able→___________ creative→___________
-t→-ce important→___________ different→___________ silent→___________
-y difficult→___________ honest→___________
-ty safe→___________
-th true→___________ warm→___________
动词→名词 -ion/-tion decide→___________ invite→___________ invent→___________
-ment develop→___________ improve→___________ agree→___________
-ing feel→___________ mean→___________
其他 high→___________ succeed→___________
serve→___________ die→___________
形容词构词法：
类别 变法 例词
名词→形容词 -y health→___________ luck→___________
-al person→___________ nature→___________ nation→___________
-ful care→___________ peace→___________
-ous danger→___________
-ant/ent importance→___________ difference→___________
动词→形容词 -able enjoy→___________
-ive create→___________
-ing surprise→___________ interest→___________
-ied surprise→___________ interest→___________
副词构词法：
形容词→副词 变化规律 例词
一般情况下，直接加-ly quick—___________ correct—___________
辅音字母+y结尾，把y变i,再-加-ly easy—___________ happy—___________ heavy—___________ correct—__________
le结尾，去e加y possible—___________ probable—___________ terrible—___________
其他情况 true—___________
动词构词法：
类别 变法 例词
形容词→动词 -en/en- broad→___________ joy→___________
-ize real→___________ memory →___________
【备考建议】
一、熟记考纲单词
熟练记忆中考短文填空常考动词、名词、介词、连词、代词、冠词、形容词、副词，尤其注意单词的词义、词性。
注：1.务必记住不规则动词表（极容易考）！
二、熟记考纲短语
中考英语高频固定搭配总结
1.deal ____ 处理
2._______ in 上交
3._______ as 例如
4.look ____________ to 期待
5.________ that 以便于
6.have ________ 玩得开心
7.________ oneself 玩得开心
8.stay ________from 远离
9._______ then on 从那时起
10.be _________ of 充满
11.________ the end 在最后
12.be ___________ in/on 出生于
13.________ up 长大
14.______the age of 14 在14岁时
15.___________ money 赚钱
16.___________ in 到达
17.depend_________ 依赖于
18.be___________ of 对...感到自豪
19.take __________ in 对...感到自豪
e __________ 实现,成真
21.not (only)... _____ also 不仅...而且
22.learn ______ sb 向某人学习
23._____ a happy life 过一种幸福的生活
24.place of _________ 名胜古迹
25.help sb _____sth 在某方面帮助某人
26.______ photos 拍照
27.for____________ 例如
28._____ about/ be _________ about 担心
29. at________ 首先
e up _______ 想出
31. as_______ as 一...就
32.look _____ 照顾
33.take _____ 照顾
34. care _____ 照顾
35._________ off 脱掉
36.___________ one’s example 效仿某人的例子
37._________ we all know 据我们所知
38._____ one’s best to do sth 尽某人最大努力做某事
39._____ Smiths 史密斯一家人
40.give ________ 捐赠
41._________up 捡起 ，重新获得
42.all ________ of 各种各样的
43. ______ his life 在他的生活中
44.be _________ with me 对我严格
45._________ than 超过
46._________ ... up 使...振作起来
47.because ______ 因为（+短语）
48._______ order to 为了
49.________own 他自己的
50._________ lot of 许多
51.give_______ 放弃
52.run_______ of 用完，用尽
53.at ______ same time 同时
54.to one's _______________ 令某人惊讶的是
55.________ the help of sb 在某人的帮助下
56._________ up 搭建，建立
57.be_____________ in ... 对...感兴趣
58._______on the bus 上公交车
59._______ a living by... 靠...谋生
60.be __________ for... 因...而出名
三、熟记句型
1．四个“花费”
① sb.＋spend＋时间/钱＋on sth./(in) doing sth.
②It＋takes＋sb.＋时间＋to do sth.
③物＋cost＋sb.＋钱
④sb.＋pay＋钱＋for sth.
2．It's said/reported＋that＋从句 据说/报道……
3．so＋adj/adv（+a/an +n）＋that＋从句 如此……以至于……
4．such a/an＋adj＋n+that＋从句 如此……以至于……
5．the +比较级..., the+ 比较级... 越......就越......
6．It's +adj for sb. to do sth. 对某人来说做某事是......的
7．find/make/feel/think it +adj+ to do sth 发现/让/感觉/认为做某事......
【本节课总结】
1.理解方框内单词的中文意思以及词性
（1）单词表记忆法
（2）定义法
2.判断横线处要填的词性
（1）模型法
（2）关键词法
3.根据上下文语境选择单词的适当形式（v/n/adj/adv/pron）
备考建议：熟记单词+固定搭配+句型+语法=短文填空高分
附表1：不规则动词表
不规则动词表
动词原形 过去式 过去分词 汉语意思 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 汉语意思
be(am, is, are) 是，存在 fight
bear find
beat fly
become forget
begin get
blow give
break go
bring grow
build hang
burn have
buy hear
catch hide
choose hit[hit]
come hold
cost hurt
cut keep
deal know
dig lay
do(does) lead
draw learn
dream leave
drink lend
drive let
eat lie
fall light
feed lose
feel make
send mean
set steal
动词原形 过去式 过去分词 汉语意思 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 汉语意思
shake swim
shine take
show teach
shut tell
sing think
sit steal
sleep stick
smell swim
speak throw
speed understand
spell wake
spend wear
spread win
stand write

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