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初中英语常见常考易混词用法辨析
【知识精讲】
1．besides , except, except for,but
1．besides包括后面所提及的人或物在内?“除...之外还,又?”。
Twenty-five students went to the cinema besides him.
2．except不包括后面所提及的人或物在内?“抛开...不谈”。
Twenty-five students went to the cinema except him.
3．except for不包括后面所提及的人或物在内的“除了”?后面跟的词与句子
的主语不属于同类。
Your article is very good except for some mistakes.
4．but常与every,any,all,none,no以及它们与thing ,body,where构成的复合词等
连用。有的已经成为了惯用语。如all but“几乎，除...之外全部”，anything
but“除...之外都”，nothing but“只不过是....”。
There is nothing but a cup on the table.
练习?
1?All the questions are easy _________the last one.
2?Do you think of nothing_____________watching football
3?His composition is good __________for some mistakes.
4?He has many relatives_____________his uncle living in Shanghai.
5?Do you know any other language__________English
2． reach , arrive in/at , get to
1．reach +地点?“到达”
2．arrive in+大地方?arrive at+小地方?“抵达、达到某地?尤指行程的终点”
3．get to+地点?“到达”
4．当arrive in/at和get to后面跟的是地点副词here,there,home等则省略介词
in/at/to
5．当只表明“到了”?而未表明地点时用arrive
练习?
1?My sister________school at 7a.m every day.
2?Uncle Li __________New York the day before yesterday.
3?You can___________the railway station by bus.
4?My father_________at 8:00 this morning by airplane.
5?How did you______________home yesterday afternoon
6?Do you how to___________there
7?I will tel you how to ____________here,so d not worry.
3 .at the end of , in the end , by the end of
1.at the end of 指某段时间的结束或某段路程的终止处?“在...结束时”?
“在...尽头”。
Our school held a sports meeting at the end of last term.
At the end of this street you will find a bookshop.
2.in the end 相当于at last ,finally?“最后,终于”。
In the end they caught the thief. ?
3.by the end of 用于过去完成时或将来时?“到...末为止”。
By the end of last term we have learned five English songs.
This question will have been answered by the end of today.
练习?
1?We will have an English exam _________________January.
2?I am sure everything will turn out satisfactory_______________.
3?________________the meeting,everyone stood up to give the applause.
4?______________last month, I had planted thousands f trees.
4. it , one, that
1.it 代替上文所提到的那个事物?一般指物不指人。可以代替单数可数名
词或不可数名词。复数形式是they或them。
I have 50 yuan. My uncle gave it to me last week.
2.one 代替上文出现过的单数名词以免重复。泛指代人或物。所指代的人
或物属于同类事物中不同的一个, 即替代的是一个带有不定冠词的可数名
词的单数形式。复数形式是ones。
I have lost my old watch.This is a new one.
3.that 代替前面同类不同一的事物。可以代替单数可数名词或不可数名词。
代替可数名词时?复数形式是those。that不可以替代表示人的名词?它可
以根据语义在后面加上一些定语?多数是of的短语?他的前面不能存在任
何定语。
The water in wells is cleaner than that in the rivers.
练习?
1?Do you need an English-Chinese dictionary I have__________.
2?The language used in advertisements differs from __________ used in ordinary readings.
3?The color of the jacket is better than__________of mine.
4?I saw only one motorcar in the shop.Would you go and buy__________?
5?Maybe it is true that we do not know what we have got until we lose _________.
5. look for, look up , find , find out
1.look for“寻找”?强调找的过程。
2.Look up “查找”?强调查字典、电话号码。
3.Find“找到, 发现”, 强调找的结果。
4.Find out“查明?发现,了解”?指的是经过认真观察、调查或研究把某事
或某物查出来、搞清楚?多用于复杂而不容易直接查出的情况。
练习?
1?I’m__________my watch,but I can’t________it.
2?If you do not know the words , you can__________them _________in the dictionary.
3?I__________it difficult to learn English well.
4?The teacher wanted to __________who had broken the door.
6. as well, as well as ?
1.as well 相当于also, too“也?又”。常放在句子末尾?无需用逗号与句子分开。
I am going to London and my sister is going as well.
2.as well as “也, 还”。常用来连接两个并列的成分。连接连个并列的主语
时,谓语动词与前面的主语保持一致?翻译时先翻译后面?在翻译前面。
Your wife as well as you is friendly to me.
练习?
1?The teachers _____________the students are working overtime.
2?They played all kinds of instruments and sang___________.
7 .rather than , instead of , in place of
1.rather than和would连用时构成would rather... than...“宁愿...而不愿”
的句式?表示主观愿望?在两者中择一。
She would rather die than lose her children.
rather than不和would连用时,表示客观事实 “是...而不是...，与其... 不如...”。
它的并列成分可以是名词、代词、形容词、介词、短语、动名词、分句、不定式，动词等等。Rather than连接两个主语时，谓语动词应 该和前面的主语保持一致。Rather than连接两个不定式时，不定式可以带 to，也可以不带to。
He is an explorer rather than a sailor.
You rather than I are going to go camping.
I decided to write rather than (to) telephone.
2．instead of “代替”?“做...而不做...”。
My parents just called me.I’m afraid I have to have dinner with them instead of shopping with you tonight.
3．in place of “代替”。着重强调一种物质替换另一种物质。
Plastics are now often used in place of wood or metal.
练习?
1?He ran ___________walked.
2?_______________making progress,my work actually seems to be going backwards.
3?William talked at the meeting ____________the manager who was sick.
8． alive, living
1．alive“活着的?有生命的”?和系动词be连用?着重表示一种状态,作表语。
He was still alive after the car accident.
2．Living“有生命的?生活的”?在句子中作定语?放在所修饰的名词的前面或代词的后面。
There are no living things on the moon.
练习?
1．The General was caught_________by the energy.
2．You can ask him about it.He is a ____________dictionary.
9． sound , voice, noise
1．sound 指的是自然界的一切声音,是声音的总称?
2．Voice指的是说话人的声音?
3．Noise指的是噪音。
There was a strange_________ outside.
She has a beautiful _________.
Don’t make so much _______.
练习?
1?At midnight he heard a strange __________from the next room.
2?Don’t make any ___________in class.
3?When the teacher came into the classroom ,our monitor spoke in a loud _______“stand up”.
10． say ，speak, talk , tell
1．say+内容+语言“说”。Say goodbye / a word.
Say it in English,please.
Can you understand what she said.
2．speak+语言?“讲话”。
Would you please speak Chinese,please I can’t understand you.
3．talk “讲话?谈论?谈话”。talk to / with /about
They were talking about a film when the teacher came in.
4．tell “告诉?讲述”。
tell+抽象的整体 tell a story
tell sth to sb , tell sb (about) sth , tell sb (not) to do sth
I’ll tell her the news as soon as I see her.
练习?
1 Jack: I'm going to_______ a story to my students this afternoon.
Jessica: Are you going _____it in Chinese or in English
A tell , say B say, tell C tell, speak D tell, tell
2 His parents are Chinese,but he can’t_________Chinese.
A tell B say C talk D speak
3 Miss White often ________us “Never give up!”
A tells B speaks C says D talks
4 My mother _____me to buy some apples on my way home today.
A spoke B talked C told D said
5 Mary ________a story in English in class yesterday morning.
A said B spoke C talked D told
6 Please ________goodbye to the teacher.
A tell B say C talk D speak
7 Tom is_____with Miss Li in the classroom.
A speaking B saying C talking D telling
8 We often________about movie stars after class.
A saying B telling C speaking D talking
9 He was very angry and he didn’t______a word.
A say B talk C speak D tell
10 Janet is from Australia.She can tell a story_______English and Chinese.
A speak B say C talk D in
11 .be used to do sth , be used to doing sth , used to do sth
1.be used to do sth 是use sth to do sth的被动语态?“被用来做...”
Nowadays,robots are used to do some dangerous things instead of human.
2.be/get used to doing sth “习惯于做...”?be/get是系动词used是形容词, to是介词。
The man was used to living in the countryside.
3.used to do sth “过去常常做...”。
When he was a young boy,he used to ask lots of questions,for example,”
How does darkness happen ”
练习?
1?I ___________live in London,but now I am living in Paris.
2?The knife______________cut things.
3?He ________________living alone several months later.
12 .be famous for, be famous as
1.be famous for相当于be known for “以....而闻名”。
The town is famous for its beautiful scenery.
2.be famous as “作为....出名?以....身份而闻名”。
Zhou Jielun is famous as a singer.
练习?
France_____________________his fine food and wine,
Thomas Edison _____________________a greater inventor.
13 .watching sb do sth , watch sb doing sth
1.watch sb do sth “看见某人做过...”?强调动作的全过程。
I watch the thief steal the book from the desk.
Did she watch the children cross the road
2.watch sb doing sth “看见某人正在做...”。强调动作正在进行。
I watch the thief stealing the book from the desk.
She watched the children crossing the road.
14 cross , across, through ?
1.cross 是动词across和through是介词。
They crossed the river by the boat.
2.across “横穿?横过”?指的是从物体的表面上穿过。
I swam across the river 20 years ago.
3.through“贯通?直穿?透过”?指的是立体空间中的穿过。
They walked slowly through the woods.
The sunshine shone in the bedroom through the window.
练习?
1?Go__________the road, and you will see the post office on your left.
2?The sunlight comes___________the glass.
3?Be careful when you ____________the street.
15. in a way, in this way, by the way , on the way，in the way
1.in a way “在某种程度上,在某种意义上”。
In a way, it is a good book.
2.In this way “用这种办法”。
In this way, you can speak English well.
3.On the way “在路上?在途中”。
On the way home my father told me a story.
4.By the way “顺便说”。
By the way, have you seen the film before
5.in the/one’s way 妨碍，挡道
练习?
1?______________,do you have any idea where the post office is
2?She is _______________to the park.
3?The work should be done _____________.
4?__________,he was right.
5.Her social life got ___________of her studies
16. stop to do sth , stop doing sth，stop/keep sb from doing
1.stop to do sth 停下来去做某事。
As soon as the teacher left, students stopped to talk.
2.stop doing sth 停止做某事。
The students stopped talking as soon as they saw the teacher.
3.stop ....from doing sth 阻止...做....
Please stop them from playing fire.
练习?
1?we should ______________(cut) down trees.
2?He watched TV for half an hour.At 8:00 he________________(do)his homework.
3?He_________________(watch) TV and began to read English.
17. take part in , join in , join
1.take part in “参加”,指的是参加群众性活动或会议,并在其中起一定的作用。
These days, students take part in many activities.
2.join “参加?加入”?指的是加入组织、团体、党派等?成为其中的一员。
He joined the army in 1998 and joined the Party the next year.
3.join in “参加某活动”?后面跟的宾语一般是表示竞赛,游戏,娱乐等活动的名词
常用语join sb in doing sth的短语中。
Everyone should join in the game.
Let’s join them in the game.我们和他们一起玩游戏吧。
练习?
1?I will never forget the day when I __________the Party.
2?All the students are happy to__________the interesting school activities.
3?Will you__________us______________a game of cards
4?I hope you will all ______________the discussion.
18. be familiar to , be familiar with
1.be familiar to “某事对某人是熟悉的”?主语一定是sth。
Your name is very familiar to me.
2.be familiar with “某人对某事是精通的、熟悉的”?主语一定是sb。
He has become familiar with the city.
练习?
1?I___________very_____________the song because I have listened to it for many times.
2?The photo________________me.
19. few , little, a few, a little
注意: only后只能接a few, a little
There is little bread in the fridge.I will go and buy some .
There are a few books on the desk.
There are few books on the desk.
练习?
1?这些书没几本容易倒我能够读懂。
Very____________of books care easy enough for me .
2?我们没有从他们那里得到什么帮助。
We got__________help from them.
3?进来喝点威士忌。
Come in and drink_____________whisky.
4?我的时间很宝贵?我只能够给你几分钟。
My time is precious. I can only give you _____________minutes.
20 .have gone to , have been to , have been in
1.have gone to “去了”?可能在途中或在目的地, 人还没回来。
My father has gone to Shanghai and will be back in a week.
2.Have been to“到过”?曾经去过某地,现在人已经回来了。
He has been to Shanghai three times. ?
3.Have been in+地点+一段时间“在某地停留了一段时间”。
He has been in Hangzhou for three years.
练习?
1. Mike and his parents __________ the north for half a year.
2. Mum is not at home now. she _________ the shop.
3. ______ you ever ___________ kunming Never.
4. Where _____ you ______ these days
5. Has Jim arrived yet
Yes, he _______________here for several days.
6. Where is Peter I don’t know where he __________________.
7. Hi Jim! Where _____ you ______ Li Lei is looking for you.
21. borrow , lend和keep的区别
　　 borrow"借"，为终止性动词，表示主语"借入"某物，常用短语borrow sth. from sb.
　　 lend"借"，为终止性动词，表示主语"借出"某物，常用短语lend sth. to sb.
keep "保存，借"，为持续性动词，表示"长时间地借"　
e.g. I __________ a book from the school library yesterday.
　　 Could you _______ your pen to me
　　 How long can I _________ the book
22.dress, put on, 和wear的区别
　　 dress sb.给某人穿衣服；dress sb.up打扮某人
　　 put on 穿上，戴上，表动作；
　　 wear 穿着，戴着，表状态；与"be in"同义
e.g. The boy dressed himself quickly.
　　The lady _________ herself up and went to the party.
　　Jim __________ his coat and went out.
　　Lily is _________ a red skirt today.
23. see, look, watch, read
see 看见，表结果
look看，表动作，不及物动词，后面需加介词at才可能跟宾语。　　
watch 看（比赛，电视）
read 看书，报，表示阅读
e.g. I can _______ an apple on the table.
________, there is a kite flying in the sky.
_______TV too much is bad for your health.
Don't _______ books in the sun.
24.bring, take, carry, fetch
　　 bring意为"拿来，带来"，表示"拿到靠说话人近的地方"
　　 take意为"拿走，带走"，表示"拿到远离说话人远的地方"
　　 carry 意为"扛，搬"，用力移动，没有方向性，
　　 fetch 意为"去取，去拿"表示往返拿物。
　　e.g. Please _______ the books to the classroom.
　　 Remember to _______ your home work to school tomorrow.
　　 The bag is very heavy, please _______ it to my office.
　　 She's gone to _______ the kids from school.
25.die, dead, death,和dying的区别
　　 Die 意为"死"，是不及物动词，非延续性动词；
　　 Dead 意为"死的"，是形容词，表状态；
　　 Death 意为"死"，是名词；
　　 Dying意为"垂死的，要死的"，是形容词。
　　 e.g. Her grandfather _______ last year.
　　 Her grandfather has been _______ for two years.
　　 His _______ was a great loss to China.
　　 The poor old man was _______.
26.speak, say, talk 和tell 的区别
　　 speak 作为及物动词表示语言的名词或只在会议、打电话上发言；
如speak English、May I speak to Zhong Jiajie
　　 say 常跟直接引语或间接引语，并且表示说的内容；
　　 talk 是不及物动词，常跟介词 to 或with，意为"同某人谈话"，也表示具有说话的能力
　　 tell 意为"告诉"并常与story连用，意为"讲故事"tell stories
27．spend，take，pay，cost
　　 Spend 只花费时间或金钱，后接on sth.或(in)doing sth.;
　　 Cost 物做主语，意为"值多少钱"
　　 Take 可用固定句型表示花费时间、金钱，其结构为：It +takes+时间/金钱+to do sth,
　　 Pay 与介词for 连用
28．Look for，find，find out，discover
　　两个词都有找的意思。
look for强调寻找的过程
find强调寻找的结果
find out 指的是查明事情的真相
discover意为“发现、发觉”，指发现某种情况或发现早已存在而未为人知的东西
练习：
29．Listen to，hear
　　Listen to 和 hear都有"听"的意思。
Listen为不及物动词，与to构成固定搭配，强调听的动作和过程；
hear 强调听的结果，指的是听到，类似的有look for 和find、look at和see
30. hung, hanged
两个词同为hang过去分词，hung意为"悬挂"，而hanged意为"绞死"。
hang-hung-hung，悬挂。 hang-hanged-hanged 绞死，吊死、
hang out “闲逛”的意思
语法练习：
As teenagers, you have many dreams. These dreams can be very big, such as winning the Nobel Prize, 26 they can be small. You may just want to become one of the ten best students in your class.
Once you find a dream, what do you do with it Do you ever try to make your dream 27
"Follow Your Heart" by Australian writer Andrew Mathews tells us that making our dreams real is life's biggest challenge.
You may think you're not very good at some school subjects, or that it is impossible for you 28 a writer. These kinds of thoughts stop you from getting your dream, the book says.
In fact, everyone can make 29 come true. 30 first thing you must do is to remember what your dream is.
Don't let it leave your heart. Keep 31 yourself what you want. Do this step by step and your dream will come true faster because a big dream is made up of many small ones.
There 32 difficulties on the road to your dreams. But the biggest one 33 from yourself. You need to decide what is the most important. Studying instead of watching TV will lead you 34 a better exam results, while saving five yuan instead of buying an ice cream means you can buy a new book. As you get 35 to your dream, it may change a little. This is good as you have the chance to learn more skills and find new interests.
26. A. as B. but C. for D. or
27. A. real B. reality C. really D. realize
28. A. becomes B. to become C. becoming D. become
29. A. his B. its C. their D. him
30. A. A B. Some C. The D. /
31. A. to tell B. tells C. telling D. told
32. A.will be B. will have C. have D. has
33. A. come B. has come C. came D. comes
34. A. by B. to C. in D. with
35. A. closely B. closing C. closed D. closer

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