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2024中考【英语】阅读理解答题技巧
一、细节题
第一、细节理解题的基本要求和特点
初中英语阅读理解最基本的要求是“能从一般性文章中获取和处理主要信息”。对这种“获
取和处理主要信息”能力的考查，主要采用的方式就是细节判断。这类题在阅读理解题中占
据半壁江山，做好这类题是确保基础分的关键。同时，弄清细节，正确获取信息，也是把握
文章主旨的前提。因此，要特别重视做好这类题。
细节题就是指那些针对文章细节描写或与文章情节发展相关的事实所设置的问题。这类题主
要测试考生获取信息及对文章所提供信息的理解能力。
第二、设题方式
1 、此类题型多数以特殊疑问词设问，设问的检测点针对某一具体行为、地点、时间、原
因、方式、数量等。细节题是用来进一步表达主题，体现中心思想的，往往针对短文某个细
节来设题。做此类题时，应快速捕捉信息，可能是一些事例、数字等，阅读时要有针对性。
此类考查事实和细节的题目大多数是针对文章的细节设计的。
②、常见的命题方式
1.Which of the following is NOT true according to the information in the passage
2.Which of the following is mentioned in the passage
3.What is the example of . . . as described in the passage
4.The author mentions all of the following except . . .
5.The reason for . . .is . . .
6.The author states that . . .
7.According to the passage, when (where, why, how, who, etc. )...
8.Which of the following is right
9.Which of the following is not mentioned
10.Choose the right order of this passage .
11.From this passage we know _______.
二、词义猜测题
第一、词义猜测的基本要求和特点
所谓词义猜测是指在阅读过程中根据对语篇的信息、逻辑、背景知识及语言结构等的综合理
解去猜测或推断某一生词、难词、关键词甚至短语或句子的意义。词义猜测题在中考中一般
考一至两道，要求学生在掌握一定的词汇量的基础上，能独立阅读部分生词，理解生词的含
义。考察学生通过上下文提供的线索或生词本身的结构特点对词义作出正确判断的能力。
第二、常见的命题方式
1. What does the word “_____”in ..... mean
2. It can be inferred（推断，推论）/concluded（推断） (from the passage) that the word“_____”
means _____.
3.The word ...implies （意味，暗示）that _____.
4. Which of the following is the closest meaning of the word
5. what do you think of the expression _______ stands for
6. The word “_____ ” in the passage probably means ________.
7. In this story the underlined word “ ” means _______.
例题
① 根据释义猜测 The small-world theory says that everyone in the world is connected through a
short chain (链条 ) of people they know. Another name of this chain is degrees of separation.
Each degree is a step that separates a person from someone he or she does not know. There are
zero degrees of separation between a person and the people he or she knows directly. This
means that there are zero degrees between Ben and his mom.
What is the meaning of “degrees of separation” in Paragraph 2
A. The chain to connect people
B. The relations between people
C. The steps of knowing strangers
D. The separation between strangers
解析：根据 another name of this chain is degrees of separation.可知这是一个 chain,再根据后面
的解释可知选项 A 正确。
② 根据同义词和反义词猜测 It not only spawned over 104,000 active discussions, but also
brought about care about what means a healthy body image.
The underlined word spawned in Paragraph 4 probably means _______.
A. led to B. put out C. talked about D. looked into
解析：根据此句的结构 not only... but also 可知 spawned 与 brought about 同义，bring about
意为“带来”，可推知 A 选项 led to“导致”正确。
③ 根据构词法猜测 Some students who steal essays (论文) wholesale from the Web, they said,
are so lazy they don’t even bother to take the advertisements off the cut-and-pasted text.
The underlined word “wholesale” in the 2nd paragraph possibly means _____.
A. for sale in large quantities
B. completely copying others’ work
C. in unlimited amounts
D. in too large numbers from cutting and pasting
解析:wholesale 中的 whole 意为“整个”，可以推知此句是完全剽窃的意思。因此选 B。
三、主旨大意题
第一、主旨大意类题目的特点主旨是文章的核心，即文章的中心思想
或主题。
主旨题主要是考查考生能否分辨主题和细节、是否具备提纲挈领的能力，即是否能在理解全
文的基础上运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑方法对文章进行高度概括和总结。这类题大
约占总题量的 30%。主旨题一般会放在第一个或者最后一个考。这类题要求阅读时不但要看
懂个别的句子，而且要能够根据作者思路的展开，把握作者在整片文章中的观点，因此必须
看懂全篇文章的意思。做此类题时，应通读全文，理解文章大意，充分理解主题句的意义。
第二、常见设题方式：
1. What is the main idea of this passage
2.What does the passage mainly talk about
3. The best title of this passage is …
4.In this passage the writer tries to tell us that ______.
第三、答题技巧：
①仔细阅读全文，判断发现主题句文章的主题句有的文章有而有的却没有，这就需要学生
认真地阅读文章，仔细判断（如果有，它经常出现在文章的开始和结尾处，但也不能排除出
现在文章中间的可能）。另外，不要被表象所迷惑。有的文章列举一个或几个人们比较熟悉
的事例或是用一些具体的事例来说明一个人们不熟悉或是抽象的内容，这时要看清的是文章
的本质而不是表面现象。
②对文章进行分析、归纳和概括并得出正确结论这种情况下大多文章中是找不到主题句的，
要求学生在理解全文的基础上自己进行总结。对全文的概括要完整，不能以点带面，以偏概
全。在具体的答题过程中学生会发现有个别选项是对的，但它对文章的概括不是很完整，这
也不是我们所要的最佳答案。另外，选择“最佳标题”的题目也是属于文章的主旨，但是标
题不仅要能完整地概括全文，还要简洁明了，并能吸引读者，这也是学生在选择最佳标题时
应把握的一条原则。
例题
①开门见山式：主题句出现在文首。If you plan to take your pet on a trip, prepare ahead of time.
At least two weeks before you leave, take your pet to a vet. See if he or she is tit for travel and ask
if he or she should have any medicine before leaving. The vet may suggest certain pills for
sickness or for calming the pet.
The main idea of this passage is to _________.
A. warn people to leave their pets at home
B. give general information about pet travel
C. tell people how to choose their pet boxes
D. tell people about foreign pet laws
解析：根据文章首句 If you plan to take your pet on a trip,prepare ahead of time.可知本题答案
为 B 项。
②藏头露尾式：主题句出现在文尾
The practical meaning of this survey result could be that doing one kind act would make you
happier, and the happier you feel, the more likely you are to do another kind act. This might also
be used by charitable (慈善的) organizations; reminding honors of earlier donations could make
them happy, and experiencing happiness might lead them to make more generous gifts.
What is the general topic of the passage
A. Advice on how to be happy.
B. The importance of being generous.
C. Donating things makes people happy.
D. Being kind makes you happy.
解析：根据文章末句 reminding honors of earlier donations could make them happy,and
experiencing happiness might lead them to make more generous gifts.可知本题答案为 D。
③首尾呼应式在有些文章中，为了突出主题，作者在文章开头提出主题，接着进行阐述或
论证，在结尾时再次点出主题。值得注意的是，前后两个主题句不是简单的重复，再次出现
的主题句往往是前面主题句的进一步引申或发展。
The number of rural(乡村的 ) left-behind children under 17 years old has increased to 61.02
million, according to a report. These children's parents leave them with their grandparents or
other family members in order to make money in cities. …… These children are the future of
the nation. People should offer them their love, care and protection.
The best title of the passage is____________.
A. Serious facts about rural children
B. A choice of children or money
C. More care to rural left-behind children
D. A report on parents’ worry about rural left-behind children
解析：根据文章首句 The number of rural（乡村的) left-behind children under 17 years old has
increased to 61.02 million.和末句 People should offer them their love,care and protection.可知
本题答案为 C 项。
④藏龙卧虎式即主题句隐含在全文当中，没有明确的主题句。具体方法是：首先弄清楚各
个段落讲了哪几个方面的内容，这些内容在逻辑上有什么联系，寻找共同点,然后加以归纳
形成主题。
In the spring of 1926, Yan Qingbao, a 43-year-old farmer, discovered a circular piece of jade(玉)
while digging a hole. Driven by curiosity, he dug deeper and found a group of about 400 colorful
jade pieces.At the time, he had no idea that his discovery would be as important as other
wonders of the world such as China's Great Wall and Egypt's pyramids. Since then more than
10000 relics, . ……
The main idea of the passage is___.
A. Sanxingdui was named the Scientific Education Base for China's Youth.
B. Sanxingdui was once the political, economic and cultural center of the ancient Shu Kingdom.
C. the importance of the discovery of Sanxingdui.
D. it has helped modern historians realize that Sichuan's human history goes back more than
5000 years.
解析：根据文章第二段第一句 he had no idea that his discovery would be as important as other
wonders of the world such as China's Great Wall and Egypt's pyramids.可知本题答案为 C 项。
四、推理判断类阅读
第一、推理判断题的特点推断题就是根据某个事实推断结论，主要考
查学生的理解力和推断力。这类推断通常包括：数据事实推断、常识推断以及作者的写作目
的、态度和倾向等的推断。
第二、推理判断题的解题思路做推断题时，应根据短文中的相关语句，
对与事实有关的细节加以分析，找出线索，悟出字里行间的意思，反复比较，从而作出合乎
逻辑的判断。要求在通篇理解文章的基础上，以文章提供的事实为依据，将已表述的和隐含
的信息结合起来进行思考、分析，透彻理解全文，以领会作者的真正意图，从而做出正确的
推理和判断，切不可凭空想象，主观臆断。
第三、推理判断题的常见设问方式
1. We can infer /conclude from the passage that ______.
2. It can be inferred /concluded (from the passage) that ________.
3. The author strongly suggests that_______________.
4. What do you think would happen (to…) at the end of the story / next
5. We can infer from the text that _______
6.From the story we can guess _____
7. Here “it” means________.
8. The underlined word “it” in the passage refers to _______.
9. The passage is probably from_______
例题 ① 判断文章出处 Every living thing On Earth is either a plant or an animal, right Wrong!
Many organisms (有机体) in Our world are neither. ……What are these They are called fungi
(菌类 ), and you see them almost every day. Many kinds of fungi seem disgusting, such as the
green black things that appear on the food which are left too long in the refrigerator. But other
kinds are not so bad. For example, the yeast that is used to make bread and mushrooms (蘑菇)
are both fungi.
Where can you most probably find this passage
A. In a social report.
B. In a biology book.
C. In a geography magazine.
D. In a farming book.
解析：根据文章第一段第二句 Many organisms(有机体) in our world are neither.可知本篇文章
应该选自生物书，故本题答案选择 B 项。
②与文章细节相关的推断 One user of the site, Joseph Meehan, 27, from Birmingham, said,“It’
s a fun and exciting website. I visit every once in a while when I'm missing my friends or family. I
think it could really be a help to people that are feeling down or sad. It may even stop them from
doing something stupid. You can also post your video to the website, and they add it to the series.
It's very easy to share the love.”
According to the text, which of the following is TRUE
A. Jeff Lam is working on a new project to collect more audio diaries.
B. Jeff Lam met a lot of difficulties during the time of creating the website.
C. Joseph Meehan has got help from the website and supports it.
D. Joseph Meehan has shared his own positive videos with strangers.
解析：根据文章第三行 I think it could really be a help to people that are feeling down or sad 可
知本题答案为 C 项。
③指代推断：I went on to have an amazing year studying in England, but that was the last time I
saw or spoke to any of my uncle's family. Yet when I think about that terrible loss in 2008, I
remember those strangers' hands. They were there when I needed them, and even now, they
help me out of the sadness of that memory. I think of them as I ride the underground in
Washington D. C. today, and I watch the citizens and tourists to offer hands at any time.
In the last paragraph, the underlined words "that terrible loss" probably mean _________.
A. I was crying when I took the underground in London
B. I left my uncle's family and haven't contacted them since then
C. I didn't say thank you to those who gave hands to me
D. I lost my good mood and felt sad when I left my uncle's family
解析：根据上文 but that was the last time I saw or spoke to any of my uncle's family 提示可知本
题答案为先择 B 项。
英语阅读中还需特别注意的地方
01 首段和尾段
一篇文章的主题句、中心思想往往出现在文章的首段或者尾段。许多文章开门见山地在第一
段就提出了要说明的对象或者要论证的观点，而文章的最后一段一般也会对全文的说明和论
证进行总结。
策略：
通过一些标志性词汇或者短语，我们可以更快地找到这些总结性句子，如：all in all, in short,
to conclude, in consequence, in summary, in a word, as a result, therefore, thus 等。
主题句考查了考生是否能够把握文章大意的能力，因此是常考且几乎是必考的一个考点。
02 长难句
长难句是阅读理解的主要难度所在，其中包含了同位语、插入语、定语、不定式、分词、各
种从句等，有的句子甚至长达好几行。这些复杂的句型也往往成为了出题的重点所在。
策略：
加强训练自己对付长难句的能力，平时有意识地去分解这些句子，理解其中的指代关系和句
子层次。
03 列举处
标志性的词汇包括：First, Second, Third… ; Firstly, Secondly, Thirdly, Finally; First of all, Then, In
addition, Further, Furthermore, Besides, Moreover…
策略：
把这些词圈起来，考题中一般会出现四个选项对比，这样非常好在文章中找。
04举例处
例子往往与作者的说明与论述有很大的关联，具有重大的意义，因此也成为了考题出处的热
点。这种题目在文章中的线索非常明显，一般都带有如下的标志性词汇：for example, for
instance, take … as an example, as, such as, like等。
策略：
一般文章举例处的前一句或者前几句就是与该例子相关的作者论点，所以在做此类题目的时
候就需要追本溯源地往前读，才能保证所选答案的正确率。
05因果关系处
表示因果关系的句子是中考英语命题者所青睐的出题来源，因为因果句阐述了两个事件或者
事实之间的内在联系，出题者为了考查考生的阅读能力和逻辑分析能力，经常会把含有因果
关系的句子倒过来考，因此选项中因变成了果、果变成了因，考生需要注意辨别实际的因果
关系，防止受到迷惑。
表示因果关系的词语有：because, because of, so, for, since, as, thus, therefore, in consequence,
as a result, result from, result in, cause, lead to, base, basis, reason, result, consequence 等。
06 转折、对比、类比处
文章的转折也是体现作者观点和文章主题的地方，一些明显的转折词包括：but, however, on
the contrary, yet, as a matter of fact, in fact, actually 等。
策略：
转折词前后的意思一般来说都是相反的，而作者会偏重其中的某一方。因此，在阅读过程中
看到转折词，最好能作上标志以方便做题时候的查找。
特别需要指出的是，只要文章第一段中出现一组对比的概念或事物，这个地方往往会成为考
题的命题重点。
07 特殊词汇处
中考英语阅读试题中经常考查考生对于一些词语和词汇的理解，这些特殊词汇包括了平时不
经常使用的生僻词、常见词语平时不经常用到的意思或搭配、以及关系代词等。
策略：
解题关键在于读懂词汇所在文章位置的上下文，从而推断中其意思。
08 数字和年代
中考阅读中经常出现对于数字和年代等细节的考查，看似容易，但是考生经常由于疏忽大意
而失掉这些最容易的分数。
其中要注意以下几点原则：
① 如果出现需要进行运算的题目，一般来说文章的原始数据不是正确答案；
② 如果答案中的四个数字或者时间都与文章的某一个部分相符合，那么要注意这些数字和
时间所对应的不同问题，只选择与题目相关的那个数据；
③ 要注意年份和世纪之间的差别，比如 1999 年就是 20 世纪，2009 年就是 21 世纪，也就
是说世纪的数字是年份的前两个数字加 1。
09 专有名词
所谓的专有名词包括人名、地名、机构名称、书籍文章影视作品的名称以及其他专
有名词。
在阅读文章的过程中，每遇到专有名词可以用铅笔作上标记，以便如果在题目中出现相应专
有名词可以进行快速定位。
10 最高级词汇
最高级词汇以及其他一些表示唯一性的词汇由于其意义的绝对性，因而不容易产生歧义，所
以也经常成为出题对象。
这些词语包括形容词和副词的最高级，以及以下词汇: only, simply, entirely, absolutely,
just, always, forever, never, none, must, all, any (anyone, anybody, anywhere)等。
11 引用处
说明文或者议论文中经常引用他人的观点来支持、佐证作者的观点。引文有可能是从正面来
支持作者的观点，也有可能是作者通过驳斥反面观点从而论证自己的观点。因此，引文间
接地表达了作者自己的观点，有一定的隐蔽性和迷惑性。所以也是出题考查的热点
地区，通常会考查考生的推理能力和对作者态度观点的判断能力。
12 段首和段尾
无论是说明文还是议论文，一篇文章往往会分成几个部分或层次进行说明和论证，每一个段
落一般都是一个部分或者层次。
英美人写文章的逻辑性非常强，文章结构都非常规范。因此每个段落的首句和尾句也经
常是该段落的中心思想句，因此也是出题的重点区域，涉及的问题包括了中心
思想题、推理判断题和细节题等。在进行快速阅读的时候，考生只需要浏览文章每一
段的第一句话就大致能够判断这篇文章的中心思想和主旨。
13 特殊标点符号
有一些特殊的标点符号也经常成为出题的对象，因此考生应该对以下标点符号的用法较为熟
悉：冒号、括号、破折号以及引号。
逗号：两个逗号之间的内容、或者一个逗号后面的内容，通常都起到补充说明第一个逗号
前面内容的作用。
冒号：冒号后面的内容通常都是用来解释说明前面的内容，例如前面是抽象的概念后面就
是对这个概念的具体说明。
括号：括号中间的内容通常用来解释或补充说明括号前面的内容。
破折号：两个破折号之间的内容、或者一个破折号后面的内容，通常表示解释说明或者补
充说明。
引号：表示引用他人的观点，一般用来从正面或者反面支持作者的观点。
相关的考题一般都是关于文章细节的问题。需要注意的是考题在考查标点符号用法是往往不
会明确说明，需要考生自己去判断并根据具体情况分析标点符号的用法。

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