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高中英语知识点归纳汇总（通用版）
必修1
核心单词
1. add
vt.& vi. 增加；加；加起来；补充说； 又说
常用结构：
add to增添；增加；增进
add ...to ...把……增添到……
add up合计，相加
add up to总数为；总计为
He added some wood to increase the fire.
他添了一些木柴，使火更旺些。
If you add 4 to 3 you get 7.四加三得七。
Unit 1 Friendship
Page No.11
Page No.12
①解析：选C。考查动词辨析。句意为：我要说的就是这些，
约翰你还有什么要补充的吗？
②解析：选D。add to的意思是“添加到”。
2. upset
adj. 心烦意乱的；不安的；不适的
vt. ( upset, upset) 使不安；使心烦；打翻；打乱
联想拓展
be upset by...被…… 打乱
upset oneself about sth.为某事烦恼
Our arrangements for the weekend were upset by her visit.
她一来把我们周末的安排给打乱了。
Don’t upset yourself — no harm has been done.
不要难过——并没有造成任何伤害。
He was horribly upset over her illness.
他为她的病而忧心忡忡。
The students really upset her. 学生们着实让她烦恼。
高手过招
用upset的适当形式填空（原创）
①The food my stomach.
②She felt rather on hearing the news.
③Is it an message
④Don’t be . It will be OK.
①upset ②upset ③upsetting ④upset
3. ignore
vt. 不理睬；忽视
I said hello to her, but she ignored me completely.
我向她打招呼，可是她根本不理我。
He ignored the speed limit and drove very fast.
他不顾时速限制，把车开得飞快。
联想拓展
ignorant adj. (对某事物）不了解的；无知的；无学识的
be ignorant of/about sth.不知道；没有意识到
ignorance n.无知；愚昧；不知道
be in ignorance of/about sth. 不知道某事
易混辨析
ignore/neglect/overlook
ignore 通常指有意不顾，或不理会显而易见的事物。
neglect 侧重指有意的忽略或忽视，也可指粗心与疏忽。
overlook指因匆忙而疏忽或视而不见。
高手过招
（1）用ignore/neglect/overlook的适当形式填空 （原创）
①We could not afford to such a serious offence.
②He utterly my warnings and met with an accident.
③Don’t to pay him a visit now and then.
(1)①overlook ②ignored ③neglect
（2）单项填空
—So you didn’t say hello to him last night
—Well, I stopped and smiled when I saw him, but he me and walked on. （2010·杭州一模）
A. Ignored B. refused C. denied D. missed
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(2)解析：选A。答句句意为：我看到他就停下来冲他微笑，但是
他没理我就走了。ignore不理睬，忽视；refuse拒绝；deny否认，
拒绝给予；miss怀念，错过。
4. concern
n. ［U］关心，担心，担忧；［C］有利害关系的事
vt. 涉及，关系到，参与；使担心
联想拓展
concerning prep. 关于
concerned adj.有关的；担心的
concern sb.与某人有关
be concerned with sth.牵涉，与……有关；参与
concern oneself with 关心
be concerned about/for/over sth.担心；关心某事
as/so far as ... be concerned关于；至于；就……而言
As far as I am concerned, you can go wherever you want.
就我而言，你什么时候走都行。
We read stories concerning visitors from outer space.
我们读了关于天外来客的故事。
I was very concerned about my mother’s illness.
我很担心母亲的病情。
高手过招
（1）单项填空
The meeting was concerned reforms and everyone present was concerned their own interests.
（2010·福建厦门双十中学检测）
A. with; for B. for; which C. for; about D. about; with
（2）用concern的适当形式填空（原创）
①There is an article that the rise of the prices.
②The children are rather about their mother’s health.
③Officials should themselves public affairs.
(1)解析：选A。句意为：这次会议牵涉到改革，在场的每个人都很担心自己的利益。be concerned with 牵涉到,和……有关；be concerned for/about 担心；关心。
(2)①concerns ②concerned ③concern；with
5. settle
vi. 安家；定居；停留
vt. 使定居；安排；解决
Both wanted to settle their scores.双方都愿意尽弃前嫌。
常用结构：
settle down 镇定下来
settle in 在……定居
He settled his child in a corner of the compartment.
他把孩子安顿在车厢的一个角落里。
The family has settled in Canada.
这家人已定居加拿大。
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高手过招
单项填空
①—Do you know anyone in Paris
—No. I’ll make friends once .（2010·福建厦门六中检测）
A. I’m settled B. I have settled
C. I’ll be settled D. I’m settling
②The brake of your bicycle has come loose. You’d better it .（2010·陕西西安交大附中）
A. settle B. fix
C. pick D. correct
①解析：选A。settle作“安家”讲时，既可用settle，也可用be settled。本题是由once(一旦)引起的时间状语从句，故用一般现在时表将来。
②解析：选B。由句意可知，因为自行车的车闸坏了，因此要“修理”。
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6. suffer
vt. 遭受；忍受；蒙受
vi.后接from/for意为“受……之苦”，“患……疾病”
常用结构：
suffer an attack/a defeat/losses/pains
遭受打击/失败/损失/痛苦
He suffered hard pains from the accident.
他忍受着事故带来的痛苦。
Do you suffer from headaches 你经常头痛吗
She’s suffering from loss of memory. 她患有遗忘症。
联想拓展
sufferer n. 受苦者，受难者
suffering n.痛苦，苦难
Page No.20
高手过招
（1）单项填空
In the countryside there are many dropouts (辍学者). I think the difficulty the poor economic conditions.（2010·浙江嘉兴一轮检测）
A. lies in B. result in
C. leads to D. suffers from
（2）翻译句子
我们在金融危机中损失惨重。
(1)解析：选A。考查短语辨析。lie in在这里相当于because of。
(2)We suffered huge losses in the financial crisis.
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重点短语
7. go through
经历；经受；检查；浏览；用完；做完
The country has gone through too many wars.
这个国家经历了太多的战争。
She’s gone through a bad patch recently.
她最近经历了一段困难时期。
Have you gone through all your money already
你把所有的钱都花完了吗？
I went through the students’ papers last night.
昨晚我仔细阅读了学生的试卷。
联想拓展
go after追求；追赶
go ahead 前进；请说（做）吧
go by走过；（时间）过去
go along with向前；（与......)一起去
go in for爱好；从事
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go out 外出；（灯，火）熄灭
go over 越过；复习
go through with 做完；完成
go up 爬上；（价格等）上升
高手过招
单项填空
①We’d better try to with the experiment, I think. Now let’s with it.（2010·河南许昌一模）
A. go through; go on B. go on; go over
C. go over; go through D. go on; go through
②If a person has taken too much medicine by mistake, you should make the person .（2010·平顶山一中月考）
A. go up B. rise up
C. throw up D. set up
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①解析：选A。go through with sth.意思是“做完，完成”；go on with 意思是“继续”。
②解析：选C。throw up的意思是“呕吐；吐出”。
8. get sth.done
让别人做某事/使得某事被做
done是过去分词作宾语补足语，与have sth. done句型的用法一样。
get sb./sth. doing使某人/某事物……起来
get sb. to do sth.使/让某人做某事
get done （状态的改变）get作系动词，相当于be
get away逃脱；离开
get back回来；取回
get by维持生活；通过
get down to sth./doing sth.开始认真做某事
get in进站；到达；收集
get off下来；下车
get on上车；进展；进步
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get cross(对……)生气，发脾气
get in one’s way挡路，妨碍
get used to doing sth.习惯做某事
get involved in涉及
get in touch with和……取得联系
get it了解，懂得，明白
高手过招
（1）单项填空
The final examination is coming up soon. It’s time for us to our studies. （2010·河南焦作一中月考）
A. get down to B. get out
C. get back for D. get over
（2）完成句子（原创）
①讲解后，老师让我们思考起问题来。
Shortly after the explanation the teacher got us .
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②我们将很快为你订制一套新衣服。
We will get a new suit for you.
③她试图使他说话。
She tried to get him .
(1)解析：选A。该题根据交际情景考查短语动词的用法。根据题意，此处指开始认真学习，故选A。get down to开始认真考虑，符合题意。get out出去，离开，逃脱，泄露；get back for回来，恢复；get over爬过；克服，熬过；恢复，原谅。故B、C、D三项均不符合题意。
(2)①thinking ②made ③to talk
9. set down
放下；记下；登记
Passengers may be set down and picked up only at the official stops.乘客只有在正式车站方可上下车。
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联想拓展
set about (doing sth.) 着手（做某事）
set out (to do sth.)开始，着手(做某事)
set aside留出；不顾
set back（把钟等）往回拨；推迟
set free释放；解放
set off动身，出发（去某地）；使爆炸
set out动身，出发；安排，组织
set up开办；建立；设立
set an example to树立榜样
set fire to ...= set ... on fire纵火烧
be set in以……为背景
The bad weather set back the building programme by several weeks.
由于天气恶劣，建筑计划延误了好几个星期。
We need to set about finding a solution.
我们得着手寻找一个解决办法。
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温馨提示
set about 和set out都可作“开始/着手做某事”讲，但set about 后加doing sth.， 而set out后加 to do sth.。
高手过招
单项填空
As soon as he got to the office, he the students’ papers.
（2010·山东济南一中月考）
A. got down to correct
B. got down to correcting
C. set down to correcting
D. sit down to correcting
解析：选B。get down to意思是“着手做某事”，其中to是介词，
后跟名词或动名词。
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10. on purpose
故意
The boy broke Jack’s window on purpose. He wanted to frighten Jack.
那男孩是故意打破杰克的窗玻璃的，他想吓一下杰克。
联想拓展
purpose n. 目的，用途；目标；重要意义
for the purpose of 为了……
to little/no purpose 作用不大/徒劳
The purpose of the book is to provide a complete guide to the university.
这本书的目的是全面介绍这所大学。
高手过招
用purpose的适当形式或短语填空 （原创）
①He didn’t do it .
②What was your
①on purpose ②purpose
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11. join in
参加；加入
They didn’t have enough time to join in the activity.
他们没有足够的时间来参加这个活动。
联想拓展
join sb. in sth.与某人一起做某事
join up入伍；参军
join up with sb.与某人联合；会合
join hands with sb.与某人拉起手来；合伙；联合
Will you join me in a walk 你愿意和我一起散步吗？
Let us join hands in friendship.
让我们携手共建友谊吧。
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易混辨析
join in/join/take part in/attend
join in 参加正在进行着的活动。如游戏、讨论、辩论、谈话等。
join ①参加某组织或团体，并成为其中一员;②来和某人待在一起。
take part in 参加会议或有组织的群众性活动，并在其中发挥一定的作用。
attend 正式用语，指参加会议、仪式、婚礼、葬礼、上课、上学、听报告等，句子的主语是去听去看，自己不一定起积极作用，相当于be present。
高手过招
用join/join in/take part in/attend的适当形式填空（原创）
①I decided to the club to have dance training.
②Would you like me to the game
③I a meeting last month.
④I will have to his funeral next week.
①join ②join in ③took part in/attended ④attend
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重点句型
12. ...but your friend can’t go until he/she finishes cleaning his/her bicycle.
……但是你的朋友不把自行车弄干净不能走。
not ... until 意为“直到……才”，表示主句谓语的动作直到until状语的时间才发生，主句的谓语动词表示的是动作的开始。until引导从句时，如果主句中的谓语动词是延续性动作，则主句用肯定式；如果主句中的谓语动词是短暂性动词，则用否定形式。
“It is/was not until+被强调的部分+that ...”相当于“Not until ... did (does, do, is ...)+主语 ...”意为“直到……才”，是强调形式。
You must stay in bed until your temperature is normal.
体温正常后，你才能起床。
He didn’t leave until the meeting was over.
直到会议结束他才离开。
Page No.32
It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a film star.
=Not until she took off her dark glasses did I realize she was a film star.
=I didn’t realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses.
直到她摘下墨镜我才认出她是一位电影明星。
高手过招
单项填空
①Not until , settle the problem. （2010·潍坊一轮验收）
A. he returns; can we B. he returns; we can
C. does he returns; we can D. does he return; we can
②It was back home after the experiment.
A. not until midnight did he go
B. until midnight that he didn’t go
C. not until midnight that he went
D. until midnight when he didn’t go
Page No.33
①解析：选A。当not until位于句首时句子需倒装。句意为：直到他回来我们才能解决这个问题。
②解析：选C。强调句型It is/was ...that对not until ...进行强调时，需把not until ...放到强调结构中，故选C。
13. While walking the dog, you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car.
遛狗的时候，你太大意了，一松手，狗就被车撞了。
while walking the dog是连词while加现在分词短语结构，强调分词的动作正在发生，相当于while you were walking the dog。
在时间、条件、让步、方式等状语从句中，如果从句的主语与主句的主语一致，谓语含有系动词be，可以省略从句的主语和系动词be。
When crossing the street, you should be careful.
过马路时，你应当小心。
If heated, water can be turned into vapour.
如果受热，水会变成蒸气。
Page No.34
温馨提示
在状语从句中，如果从句的主语为it时，也可以将it和助动词be省略。
Whenever possible they would stop him and ask the three questions.可能的话，他们就让他停下问他这三个问题。
高手过招
单项填空
① with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all. （2010·山东莱州检测）
A. Compares B. When comparing
C. Comparing D. When compared
② the two systems, little man found the latter advantageous.(原创)
A. Compare B. When compared
C. Compared D. When comparing
Page No.35
①解析：选D。考查状语从句的省略用法。在状语从句中，如果从句的主语与主句的主语相同或者主语为it时，可以将从句中的主语或者it和助动词be省略。本句是将状语从句“When it is compared with the size of the whole earth”中的it is省略，因此正确答案为D。
②解析：选D。考点省略。在状语从句中，当从句中的主语与主句的主语一致，且从句中含有be动词时，通常采用省略形式。句中的little man与compare之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，故选D。
14. I wonder if it’s because I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long that I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature. 我不知道这是不是因为我长久无法出门的缘故，我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。
此句中的it’s ...that是强调句型。关于强调句型，我们需要掌握以下几点：
Page No.36
（1）强调句型的基本结构：
“It is/was+被强调的成分+that/who+其他成分”用来强调主语、宾语和状语等成分。that只起连接作用，不作成分，但不能省略。当被强调部分为sb.作宾语时，可用who,也可用that,其他情况一律用that。强调主语时，that后的谓语动词必须与被强调的主语在人称与数上保持一致。
（2）特殊句式中的强调句型：
①如果强调的是特殊疑问句中的疑问词，表示“到底”、“究竟”等语气时，就用如下结构：
“特殊疑问词+is/was+it+that/who+该句的其余部分”，that/who后只能使用陈述语序。
②在“not ...until”结构中，由until所引导的短语（或从句）作时间状语时，要用固定的强调句型：“It+is/was+not until ...+that+该句的其余部分”，that所引导的从句中的谓语动词用肯定式。
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（3）强调句型要注意和it代表时间、距离、温度、自然现象、具体事物或人物等时所构成的各种句型的区别。判断是否是强调句，可采用“还原法”。如果还原为一般句式后，句子各种成分完整，则是强调句，否则不是。
It was three o’clock when I got home.
我到家的时候三点。
It was at three o’clock that I got home.
三点钟我到的家。
It was in his town that he was brought up.
他是在镇上被养大的。（强调句）
It was this town where/in which he was brought up.
这是他被抚养长大的城镇。（定语从句）
（4）英语中常用助动词do, does或did强调谓语。
He did go to the airport yesterday, but he didn’t find you.
他昨天确实去了机场，但他没有找到你。
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It is I that/who am going for a holiday with Mary.
是我跟玛丽一块儿去度假。
When is it that we will have a meeting
我们什么时候开会？
高手过招
单项填空
It is in that poor village, Mary lived and worked 15 years ago, she will build her first school, which inspires everyone to help her.（原创）
A. where; when B. that; that
C. that; when D. where; that
解析：选D。句意为：就是在那个她生活和工作了15年的贫穷的村庄，玛丽将要建起她的第一座学校，这一点鼓舞了人们来帮她。第一空为where引导的非限制性定语从句，第二空填that,构成强调句型，强调地点状语。
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15. I don't want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do ...
我不愿像大多数人那样在日记中记流水账……
as引导的从句为比较状语从句，意为“像大多数人那么做”。
as 用作连词，可引导下列状语从句：
①引导时间状语从句，强调主句谓语与从句谓语的同时性；
②引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管，虽然，即使”（从句需倒装）；
③引导方式状语从句，表示“以……方式”；
④引导原因状语从句 (=since; because)，意为“由于，因为”；
⑤引导比较状语从句。
As he grew older he lost interest in everything except gardening.
随着他年纪越来越大，他失去了对所有事物的兴趣，除了园艺。
Cold as it is, my brother wears only a shirt.
尽管天气冷，我哥哥只穿了一件衬衫。
Page No.40
Why didn't you take the medicine as I told you to
为什么你没有按我说的来服这种药？
As you were not there, I left a message.
因为当时你不在那，所以我给你留了便条。
She is as tall as you. 她和你一样高。
高手过招
单项填空
① as he is, he speaks English well. （2010·山西太原一中月考）
A. Little child B. A little child
C. The little child D. Child little
②In some countries, are called “public schools” are not owned by the public.（2010·11·江西新余一中质量检测）
A. which B. as C. what D. that
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①解析：选B。 在让步状语从句中，作表语的名词如果提前，该名词常省去冠词，但若名词前有修饰语时，就不省略冠词。
②解析：选C。考查what引导的主语从句。what在主语从句中作主语。句意为：在许多国家，所谓的公立学校并非公众拥有。
16. ...it was the first time in a year and a half that I'd seen the night face to face ...
……这是我一年半以来第一次目睹夜晚……
如果前面是“it (will be)is/this (will be)is/that (will be)is+the first/second time that ...”句式，表示“某人第几次做某事”。其中,that引导的是定语从句，后面句子的时态用现在完成时；如果前面是it (would be)was ..., 后面则用过去完成时。
It is the first time that I have come to Zhuhai.
这是我第一次来珠海。
It was the second time that she had visited London.
那是她第二次游览伦敦。
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温馨提示
如果time前有last修饰，此时我们一般不用完成时态。
注意：the first time可起从属连词的作用，引导时间状语从句；for the first time意为“第一次”单独用作状语。
This is the last time that I shall give you a lesson.
这是我最后一次给你们上课了。
高手过招
(1)单项填空
①It's the third time late this week. （原创）
A. that you are B. you are
C. when you arrived D. that you have been
②It was for the first time that he to the party.
A. Invited B. had been invited
C. has been invited D. was invited
(2)翻译句子（原创）
This will be the second time that I have been to the Great Wall.
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（1）①解析：选D。“It is the +序数词+time+ that从句”为固定句型，从句谓语动词必须用现在完成时。
②解析：选D。it was ...that是强调结构，句中强调状语“for the first time”故选D。
（2）这将会是我第二次去长城。
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Unit 2 English around the world
核心单词
1. command
n. & vt. 命令；指令；掌握
The officer commanded his soldiers to fire.
那名军官命令士兵们开火。
A general is a man who commands a large number of soldiers.
将军是统率众多士兵的人。
常用结构：
at/ by sb’s command 听某人支配
take command of 控制
in command of 指挥着
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under one’s command 由某人的指挥
under the command of sb. 在某人的指挥下
command sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事
command (=order) that ... 命令……（从句用虚拟语气，即should+ do 形式，should可省略）
联想拓展
commander n. 指挥官
高手过招
用适当的介词填空（原创）
①For the first time in years, she felt she was command
of her life.
②The army is the king’s direct command.
③The police arrived and took command the situation.
①in ②under/at/by ③of
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2. request
vt.&n. 请求；恳求；要求
常用结构：
request sb. to do sth.请求某人做某事
request sth. from/of sb. 向某人要求某物
request that sb. (should) do sth.要求某人做某事
make a request/requests 发出请求
at the request of sb.＝at sb.’s request依照某人的请求
易混辨析
request/demand/require
request表示“有礼貌的请求；正式的请求”。
demand表示“有正当权利的要求”，因此含有“坚决或强烈要求”的意思。
require表示“要求所必须的东西；法律、协定、规章以及其他客观情况的要求”。
但它们也有不同之处：
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①require和request都可以接宾语+to do sth.结构，而demand没有此种用法。但可以说demand of sb. to do sth.
②require+动名词时，主动形式的动名词具有被动意义，而demand，request无此种用法。
They are demanding higher wages. 他们要求提高工资。
Do you require anything else 你还要求（需要）别的吗？
Many people have requested this next song.
许多人要求听下面这首歌。
They required me to keep silent. 他们要求我保持沉默。
The letter requested us to leave the house within six weeks.
这封信要求我们六周内搬出这所房子。
温馨提示
以上三个词的共同点是：从语法上看，request和demand，require都可以接that引导的宾语从句，并且在从句中要使用虚拟语气。
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高手过招
单项填空
①One of the requirements for a fire is that the material to its burning temperature.（2010·陕西师大附中月考）
A. be heated B. is heated
C. would be heated D. do heat
②—Why were you late for such an important concert
—The plane arrived at the airport after a of three hours. （2010·陕西商洛一轮检测）
A. delay B. rest C. tour D. request
①解析：选A。如同require, demand, order, suggest, advise, insist, request等动词要求其后面的宾语从句使用虚拟语气一样，它们所对应的名词的同位语从句和表语从句也要求使用虚拟语气，即：should+动词原形。故选A。
②解析：选A。上句询问“迟到的原因”，因此下句中的名词应是与“迟到”意义有关的名词，所以只能选择“延误”。
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3. recognize
vt. 辨认出；承认；公认
常用结构：
recognize sb. 认出某人
recognize one’s voice听出某人的声音
recognize ... as ... 认定；承认……为……
recognize sb./sth. ... to be ...认为某人/某事物是……
recognize that ...承认……
When he walked out of the station, I recognized him immediately.
当他从车站里走出来时，我立刻认出了他。
Everyone recognized him to be the lawful heir/as the lawful heir. 大家都承认他为合法继承人。
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高手过招
单项填空
—Oh, it’s you! I you.
—I have just had my hair cut, and I’m wearing new glasses.
（2010·山东淄博六中检测）
A. hadn’t recognized B. haven’t recognized
C. didn’t recognize D. don’t recognize
解析：选C。前句的句意为：哦，是你呀！我刚才没有认出你来。
所以要用一般过去时。
4. direction
n. ［C］ 方向；方面;［U］指导；指挥
常用结构：
in the direction of 朝……的方向(=towards)
in sb’s direction 朝某人的方向(=towards sb.)
under one’s direction 在……指导下(=under the direction of sb.)
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Tom went off in one direction and Jack in another.
汤姆往一个方向走，杰克往另外一个方向走。
Reforms are needed in many directions. 许多方面都需要改革。
He is walking in the direction of the police station.
他正朝警察局的方向走去。
He glanced in her direction and their eyes met.
他朝她这个方向一看，俩人的眼睛相遇了。
The singing group is under the direction of Mr Lee.
合唱团由李先生指挥。
温馨提示
direction意为“指示；指引；用法说明”等，通常要用复数形式。
注意：表示邮件上的“姓名地址”时，也用复数形式。
Follow the directions on the medicine bottle.
请按药瓶上的说明服药。
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高手过招
（1）单项填空
Those who learn theory must develop the direction of practice. （2010·山东枣庄一轮验收）
A. to B. on C. in D. for
（2）完成句子 （原创）
①I gave Mary full (地址)to enable her to find the post office.
②He did the work (在我的指导下).
（1）解析：选C。in the direction of为固定搭配，意为“朝……方向”。注意不要用介词to。
（2）①directions ②under my direction
重点短语
5. more than one
意为“不止一个”，虽然在意义上表示复数，但作主语或修饰主语时，谓语动词用单数，与many a(许多)用法一样；如果more修饰复数可数名词再跟than one作主语时，其谓语动词则要用复数。
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More than one member has protested against the proposal.
不止一个成员反对这个建议。
More than one person has been concerned in this.
这里面涉及的不仅是一个人。
More persons than one have been involved.
涉及的不仅仅是一个人。
联想拓展
“more than+ adj.”意为“很；非常”。
在“more ... than ...”中，肯定“more”后面的，而否定“than”后面的，意为“是……而不是……”或者“与其……不如……”。
“more than ... can/could”是英语里的一个常见结构，可把more than理解为not,表示否定，该结构意为“非……所能……；是……所不能……；不是……所能……”。
more often than not 经常；往往
In doing scientific experiments, one must be more than careful with the instruments.
做科学实验时，对待仪器必须非常小心才行。
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If you tell your father what you have done, he will be more than a little angry.
如果你把所做的事情告诉你父亲，他会非常生气的。
Catherine is more diligent than intelligent.
与其说凯瑟琳聪明，不如说她勤奋。
高手过招
完成句子（原创）
①当我的老朋友布莱恩怂恿我抽一支烟时，我可再也熬不住了。
When my old friend Brian urged me to accept a cigarette, it was .
②可能的解释不止一个。
There is .
①more than I could bear
②more than one possible explanation
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6. because of
因为；由于是介词短语，后跟名词、代词或动名词及what从句。
She got hurt because of what you’d said.
她因为你的话而受到伤害。
due to 意为“由于”常作表语，也作后置定语和状语。
thanks to意为“多亏；由于”只作状语。
owing to意为“由于”常作状语。
as a result of意为“由于”作状语。
易混辨析
because/as/since/for
because表示直接原因，语气最强。回答why提出的问题只能用because。在强调句型中，也只能用because。
as用于解释做某事的原因，语气较弱，通常位于主句前。
since表示的原因是指人们已知的事实，常意为“既然”。语气比because弱，但比as强。通常位于主句前，并常与as换用。
for并列连词，连接并列分句，表示一种补充说明，是推测或判断的理由，语气较弱，不可位于主句前。有时可表示直接原因，相当于because。
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高手过招
单项填空
①People crowded on the road and could not go forward the traffic accident some cars had made.（2010·山西太原五中检测）
A. with B. since
C. because of D. because
②People may have different opinions about Karen, but I admire her. ,she is a great musician.（2010·陕西西安二中检测）
A. After all B. As a result
C. In other words D. As usual
①解析：选C。考查表示“原因”的几个词的用法。since与because都是连词，连接句子，with表示原因时，前面多是形容词。如His face was red with cold.他的脸冻得通红。because of为介词短语，后跟名词或动名词短语，故选C。
②解析：选A。after all毕竟；as a result结果；in other words换句话说；as usual照例。根据题意选择A。
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7. come up
走近；上来；提出
The little boy came up to the stranger and showed him how to get to the police station.
小男孩向陌生人走去，并告诉他去警察局的路。
We won’t forget the day when we watched the sun come up on top of the Tai Mountain.
我们不会忘记一同在泰山顶看日出的那天。
It is certain that the question will come up at the meeting.
这个问题在会议上一定会被提出来的。
The snowdrops are just beginning to come up.
雪莲花刚刚开始长出地面。
I am afraid something urgent has come up.
恐怕发生了什么急事。
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联想拓展
come true 变成现实，成为现实
come across 邂逅
come about 发生
come at 向……扑来,攻击
come from 来自
come out 出版;开花；结果是
come up with 想出
come round 绕道而来；苏醒
come down 落下,塌下
come over （从远处）来到；横过
come into use 开始使用
how come ... (表示理解)……怎么回事？
when it comes to sth.当涉及某事时
How come her French is so bad if she spent 5 years in pairs
她在巴黎待了5年，但她的法语怎么这么糟糕。
When it comes to getting things done, he is useless.
一涉及到做事，他便不中用了。
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高手过招
（1）单项填空
They aren’t afraid when they the difficulties in their study. （2010·河南镇平质量检测）
A. come up B. come to
C. come about D. come out
（2）用come构成的短语填空（原创）
①The hunter walked across the forest when suddenly a
bear him.
②The magazine once a month.
③I wish you can to England on your holiday.
④The engineers have new ways of saving energy.
⑤They an old school friend in the street this morning.
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（1）解析：选B。考查短语辨析。come to此处意为“涉及，提到”；come about意为“产生”，如:How did the difference between American English and British English come about come up意为“到来，来到”；come out意为“出来，长出，发芽”。
（2）①came at ②comes out ③come over ④come up with
⑤came across
8. such as
例如……；像这样的
易混辨析
such as/for example/that is/and so on
such as用来列举事物。通常插在被举例的带有解释性质的事物与前面的需要进行解释的名词之间，意为“比如；诸如……之类的”，可与 like 互换，as 后不能有逗号。
for example同for instance一样起到补充说明的作用，表明在众多的内容中仅取一两个例子，可放在举例之前或之后，意为“例如，举个例子”。
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that is 是后面列举的事物的总量等于它前面所提到的总和，相当于namely。也用that is to say。
and so on 对几个事物进行列举时，在说了其中的几个以后，用and so on进行概括，说明还有例子，但不一一列出。
Boys like to play balls, such as football and basketball.
男孩子喜欢打球，比如足球和篮球。
Some students, Li Jun, for example, live in the country.
有些学生，如李军，住在农村。
I have three good friends, that is, John, Jack and Tom.
我有三个好朋友，即约翰、杰克和汤姆。
There are some books, pens, erasers and so on in my bag.
我的书包里有书、笔、橡皮等。
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高手过招
单项填空
A lot of countries have gained excellent achievements in space technology, China, . （2010·安徽合肥八中检测）
A. such as B. for example
C. namely D. and so on
解析：选B。四个词中只有for example 位置灵活，可放在句首、句中或句末。
9. play a part (in)
扮演一个角色；参与
She plays an active part in local politics.
她积极参与地方政治活动。
She played a major part in the success of the scheme.
她对该计划的成功起了重要作用。
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联想拓展
take part (in sth.)参加, 参与（某事）
the best part of sth.（某事物的）绝大部分（尤指一段时间）
for the most part整体上; 通常; 多半
for my part就我来说
高手过招
翻译句子（原创）
①有多少国家要参加（世界杯赛）？
②对我来说, 到哪儿吃饭都无所谓。
①How many countries will be taking part (in the World Cup)
②For my part, I don’t mind where we eat.
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重点句型
10. Which country do you think has the most English learners
你觉得学英语最多的是哪个国家？
do you think/believe/expect/find/know/suppose 作为插入语，放在特殊疑问词后，其他内容紧跟其后并用陈述语序。
What time do you expect we will come and pick you up？
你希望我们几点来接你？
What do you suppose he will do after he hears about the good news？
你认为他听到那个好消息后会做什么呢？
Why do you think their team could win the football match
你认为他们队为什么能赢得那场足球赛呢？
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高手过招
单项填空
─ is the best football player in your city
─Jerry. （2010·江苏盐城质量检测）
A. Do you think who
B. Do you think whom
C. Who do you think
D. Whom do you think
解析：选C。句中主要部分为who is the best football player in your city。插入语为do you think。
11. Believe it or not, there is no such thing as standard English.
信不信由你，（世界上）没有什么标准英语。
(1)believe it or not在句中用作插入语，意为“信不信由你；我说的是真的”。
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联想拓展
常用作插入语的还有：
generally speaking一般来说
frankly speaking坦白地说
judging from ...从……来判断
to tell you the truth说真的；老实说
to be honest说实在的
to make matters worse更糟糕的是
高手过招
单项填空
① , boys are stronger than girls.
（2010·江苏徐州质量检测）
A. To speak generally B. Generally to speak
C. Generally speaking D. Generally spoken
② the hat he , the man is a soldier.
（2010·浙江温州一模）
A. Judging from; is wearing C. To judge by; putting
B. Judging by; is having on D. Judged by; is putting
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（1）①解析：选C。插入语generally speaking意为“一般来说”是固定搭配，指常规。
②解析：选A。judging from为固定搭配，在这里judging不与the man形成逻辑上的主动或被动关系。wear, have on, dress都有“穿，戴”的意思，但搭配和意义不同。wear和have on都可以表示“穿着”的状态，然而have on没有进行时态；dress可以作及物和不及物动词，作不及物动词的意思是“穿衣”，作及物动词时宾语是人。
(2）such上述一类的；诸如此类的
联想拓展
no such...as没有这样的……
such as例如
such...as...像……这样的……
such...that...这样……以至于……
易混辨析
such ... that ... /such ... as ...
在such ... that ...结构中，that是从属连词，引导结果状语从句，在从句中不作成分。
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在such ... as ...结构中，as是关系代词，引导定语从句，在从句中常作宾语。
He is reading such a book as you borrowed from the library last week. 他在读的书和你上周从图书馆借来的一样。（ as是关系代词，引导定语从句）
He is reading such an interesting book that I want to borrow it. 他在读的书这么有趣，我想借来读读。（that引导结果状语从句）
高手过招
单项填空
①Exercise is as any other to lose unwanted weight. （2010·四川成都六中检测）
A. so useful a way B. as a useful way
C. as useful a way D. such a useful way
②I suggest that we should take part in more such activities in future we did yesterday.（2010·江西南昌一中二模）
A. which B. as C. that D. than
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（2）①解析：选C。 as...as结构中出现单数可数名词时，不定冠词和名词应放在形容词之后。so...as只用于否定句，故不能选A。
②解析：选B。当先行词被such修饰时，关系代词用as。
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Unit 3 Travel journal
核心单词
1. persuade
vt.说服；劝服；使相信(同convince)
常用结构：
persuade sb. of sth. 使某人相信某事
persuade sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事
persuade sb. into doing sth. 说服某人做某事
persuade sb. out of doing sth. 说服某人不要做某事
persuade sb. that-clause 使某人相信……
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联想拓展
talk sb. into/out of doing sth.
=reason sb. into/out of doing sth.
说服某人做/不做某事
trick sb. into/out of doing sth. 诱使某人做/不做某事
urge sb. into/out of doing sth. 怂恿某人做/不做某事
易混辨析
advise/persuade
advise 强调“劝告，建议”的动作，不注重结果；而persuade强调“已经说服”，重在结果。用法上：advise可跟v.-ing形式作宾语，也可以接that-clause （that sb. should do）,而persuade则不能。
I persuaded him of its truth. 我使他相信这是真的。
We will persuade him to take the medicine.
我们将说服他把药吃下去。
We persuaded her into taking the job.
我们说服她接受了这份工作。
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I persuaded my father out of smoking.
我劝服父亲戒了烟。
She persuaded me that death does not end all.
她说服我相信了死并不能结束一切。
He persuaded her to go to school, even though she did not want to. 即使她不想去上学，他还是说服她去了。
He advised that we (should) leave early.
他建议我们早点出发。
高手过招
单项填空
①Alice trusts you; only you can her to give up the foolish idea. （2010·安徽合肥八中检测）
A. suggest B. attract C. tempt D. persuade
②Mr Li no longer smokes now because his wife him to give up smoking last year. （2010·江苏常州检测题）
A. suggested B. advised
C. persuaded D. told
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①解析：选D。句意为：爱丽丝信任你，唯有你能说服她放弃这种愚蠢的想法。persuade sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事;suggest劝说、建议，后不接动词不定式;attract 吸引;tempt 诱惑，引诱，均不符题意。故选D项。
②解析：选C。考查advise sb. to do sth.和persuade sb. to do sth.的区别。advise sb. to do sth. 意思是“劝某人做某事”，强调动作，尤其是表达“劝而不服”时多用此结构；persuade sb. to do sth.意思是“劝服某人做某事”，强调结果。
2. determine
vt. (使)决定,决心要;确定
常用结构：
determine + n. / pron.决(确)定
determine to do sth.决定做某事 (表示动作，是非延续性动词短语)
determine on／upon ...决定……
determine that／what ...决定……
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determine sb．to do sth.使某人决定做某事
determine sb. against sth.使某人决定不做某事
be determined to do sth.决心做某事 (表示状态，可与表示时间段的状语连用)
We determine to go to the railway station at once.
我们决定立刻去火车站。
The court determined that the man was guilty of assault.
法庭裁定那个人犯了侵犯人身罪。
That determined her against leaving home.
那件事使她决定不离开家了。
联想拓展
determined adj. 坚决的，有决心的
determination n. 决心
I was determined to make it as a jazz musician.
我决定要成为一名爵士乐音乐家。
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温馨提示
be determined to do与determine to do 意思基本一致，但前者表示状态，可与某段时间状语连用；后者表示动作，是非延续性的动词短语。类似的短语还有：prepare for／be prepared for，worry about／be worried about。这类结构常考查分词作状语的用法。
高手过招
单项填空
He left school early and as an adolescent, to make his fortune in America. （2010·江苏城头中学一轮检测）
A. is determined B. had be determined
C. determined D. determining
解析：选C。考查determine的用法。根据句意应使用be determined to结构，此处determined为形容词作伴随状语。
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3. insist
v. 坚持；坚决要求
You can come back later, if you insist.
如果你一定要坚持，就稍后再来吧。
常用结构：
insist on/upon sth./(sb’s) doing sth.
坚持某事/要求（某人）做某事
insist that ....(should)坚持……
I still insist on my viewpoint. 我仍然坚持我的观点。
He insisted on paying for the meal. 他坚持要付饭钱。
Mother insisted on our washing the clothes by ourselves.
妈妈坚决要求我们自己洗衣服。
温馨提示
insist当“坚决要求”解时，后面的从句应用虚拟语气，即谓语部分用“should+动词原形”或直接用动词原形；如果insist当“坚持（认为；说）”解时，后面的从句不用虚拟语气。
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高手过招
单项填空
①The man insisted a taxi for me even though I told him I lived nearby. （原创）
A. find B. to find
C. on finding D. in finding
②I advised that he to the hospital at once, but he insisted that he quite well then.（2010·山东寿光一中一轮检测）
A. be sent; was feeling
B. was sent; felt
C. be sent; feel
D. should be sent; should feel
①解析：选C。insist on doing sth.是习惯搭配，意为“坚持做某事”。
②解析：选A。advise引导宾语从句，从句中的谓语动词不管什么人称都应用should do; should也可以省去，只用动词原形表述事实。insist在此处意为“坚持认为”。故选A。
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4. once
用法较多，意思也比较丰富，既可以用作连词，也可以用作副词。
once用作连词时，意为“一旦……就……”，连接时间状语从句，相当于as soon as。
once用作副词时，意为“曾经；一度；从前”。它是一个不确定的时间副词，其位置一般是在行为动词之前，系动词之后。
once用作副词，也可意为“一次”。
Once you start, you will never give up.
一旦开始了，你就不要放弃。
Physics is easy to learn once you understand the rules.
一旦你理解了规则，物理就不难学了。
Once he lived in America, but now he lives in England.
他曾经居住在美国，但现在他生活在英国。
His song was once very popular among the young people.
他的歌曾经在年轻人中很流行。
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The old professor comes to see us once a week.
那个老教授一周来看我们一次。
Tell us the story once more.把那个故事再给我们讲一遍。
联想拓展
at once 立刻；马上
once again再一次；又一次（相当于once more）
all at once突然（相当于suddenly)
once upon a time很早以前；从前
once in a while偶尔；间或once/as soon as
once偏重于条件，而as soon as偏重于时间。
Once you see the film, you’d never forget it(不宜用as soon as).
你一旦看了这部电影，你就永远不会忘记它。
As soon as he got off the plane, we wanted to say hello to him(不宜用once).
他一下飞机，我们就想向他打招呼。
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高手过招
单项填空
① environmental damage is done, it takes many years for the ecosystem (生态系统) to recover. （原创）
A. Even if B. If only C. While D. Once
② you understand this rule, you’ll have no further difficulty. （2010·山东烟台质量检测）
A. Once B. Unless C. As D. Until
①解析：选D。句子为once引导的时间状语从句，意为“一旦；一……就……”。句意为：一旦环境遭到损害，就需要许多年才能使生态系统恢复。even if引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管”。if only意为“要是……就好了”，引导从句的谓语动词常用虚拟语气。while意为“当……的时候”，引导从句的谓语动词必须是延续性动词。故选D。
②解析：选A。考查由once引导的时间状语从句，意为“一旦”。句意为：一旦明白了这条规则，就再也没有困难了。
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5. view
n. 风景；视野；观点；见解
vt. 观看；注视；考虑
The house has a view over the sea.
这座房子面向大海，视野开阔。
What is your view on school punishments
你对学校的处罚有什么看法？
The plan was viewed favorably.这项计划是受到称赞的。
联想拓展
in one’s view 在某人看来
come into view 进入视野，看得见
in full view (of sb./sth.) 完全看得见
in view of sth. 鉴于，考虑到，由于
with a view to sth.／to doing sth.为了，指望
Several possible buyers have come to view the house.
几个可能是买主的人来看过房子。
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高手过招
单项填空
On the top of this mountain, you can get a wonderful of the nearby hills. （2010·山西太原五中检测）
sight B. view C. distance D. look
解析：选B。get a view of为固定搭配，意为“看到……的景象”。
重点短语
6. care about
关心；担心；在乎；喜欢
I really care about my work. 我真的关心我的工作。
联想拓展
care for 喜爱；照顾；重视
take care 当心
take care of 照料; 关怀; 处理
under the care of
由……管理, 在……的照料下, 在……的保护下
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with care 小心, 慎重
She doesn’t care for that colour．她不喜欢那种颜色。
He spent years caring for his sick mother．
他数年里一直在照顾生病的母亲。
I do care for what my teacher says.
我的确尊重老师说的话。
高手过招
（1）单项填空
That old man is so greedy(贪婪的) that he nothing but money, not even his relatives. （原创）
A. look about B. search for
C. cares about D. takes care of
（2）完成句子 （原创）
①他一点也不关心别人，只想着自己。
He doesn’t care other people at all; he is always thinking of himself.
②爱因斯坦对金钱不感兴趣，对薪水也不计较。
Einstein who cared little money never cared his salary.
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(1)解析：选C。考查短语辨析。look about到处看；search for寻找，相当于look for；care about关心；在乎；take care of照料。
(2)①about②for; about
7. change one’s mind
改变主意
Maybe you’ll change your mind after thinking it over.
也许你仔细考虑之后会改变主意。
联想拓展
make up one’s mind (to do) 下定决心（做某事）
have a/no mind to do 有/无意做……
lose one’s mind 失去理智
read one’s mind 看出某人的心思
speak one’s mind 直言不讳
be of the same mind 意见一致
be in/of two minds 拿不定主意
give one’s mind to 注意……
keep one’s mind on 专心于……
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take one’s mind off sth. 转移某人的注意
bear/keep sth. in mind 记住某事
bring/call sth. to mind 回忆某事
put one’s mind to sth. 全神贯注于某事
I have made up my mind to leave, and nothing you say will change it.
我已经下定决心要离开，不管你说什么我都不会改变主意了。
①I’ve made up my mind to be a doctor.
②Nothing will make me change my mind.
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8. give in
屈服，让步，投降；上交
联想拓展
give in (to sb./sth.) 向……让步
give up sth./doing 放弃（做）某事
give away 赠送；泄露
give back 归还；恢复
give off 放出，散发(光、热、烟、气味等)
give out分配；分发；发布；（食物，燃料，电力等）被用光；筋疲力尽
Seeing that he could not persuade me, he had to give in (to my view). 由于无法说服我，他不得不让步。
Our food supply at last gives out.
我们的食物终于用完了。
His strength gave out.
他已筋疲力尽。
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高手过招
单项填空
It is always the husband who first when a quarrel breaks out between the young couple. （2010·山东聊城检测）
A. give away B. gives out C. gives in D. gives off
解析：选C。考查动词短语辨析。句意为：当年轻夫妻之间发生争吵时，最先让步的总是丈夫。give away 赠送，泄露，出卖；give out 分发，用完，消耗尽；give in 投降，屈服，让步；give off 放出，散发出。
重点句型
9. Which kind of transport do you prefer to use: bus or train
汽车和火车，你更喜欢使用哪种交通方式？
prefer to do (rather than do) 意为“宁可；宁愿（表选择）”或者“更喜欢做某事”。 其本身带有like better的含义，所以不能再与表示程度的better或more连用。
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联想拓展
prefer sth. 喜欢某事/物
prefer doing sth. 更喜欢做某事
prefer+to do sth. （表示特定场合下）更喜欢做某事
prefer sb. to do sth. 宁愿某人做某事
prefer A to B/prefer doing A to doing B
宁愿……而不愿……
prefer to do A rather than do B
宁愿做A而不愿做B
prefer + that-clause (虚拟语气)+(should) +do
喜欢做某事
Do you prefer cooking for yourself or eating in a restaurant
你是喜欢自己做饭还是下馆子？
Their father prefers them to be home early.
他们的父亲宁愿他们早点回家。
I prefer writing a term paper to taking an examination.
我宁愿写一篇学术论文也不愿参加考试。
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He preferred to die rather than become a traitor.
他宁死也不做叛徒。
Would you prefer that I（should）come on Monday instead of on Tuesday 你宁愿让我星期一来而不是星期二来吗？
高手过招
单项填空
My sister singing dancing while I dance sing. （原创）
A. prefers; to; would rather; than
B. would rather; than; prefer; to
C. prefers; rather than; would rather; to
D. would rather; to; prefer; to
解析：选A。考查固定搭配。prefer的搭配是prefer to do rather than do或prefer doing to doing；would rather的搭配是would rather do than do或would do rather than do，因此A项正确。
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10. When I told her the air would be hard to breathe and it would be very cold, she said it would be an interesting experience.
当我告诉她那里空气稀薄，呼吸困难，而且天气很冷时，她却说这将是一次有趣的经历。
“...the air would be hard to breathe ...”是“主语+系动词+形容词+不定式”结构，其中不定式的谓语与主语在意义上是动宾关系，但要用主动形式表示被动意义，不定式后面如果是不及物动词要在其后加适当的介词与主语构成动宾关系。这一类的形容词通常可以描绘主语的情绪、态度、品质属性或者难易程度，如hard, difficult, easy, nice, interesting, important, pleasant和comfortable等。
Your writing is impossible to read. 你写的字太难辨认了。
Do you think the water is safe to drink
你认为这水喝起来安全吗？
The chair looks rather hard, but it is very comfortable to sit on. 这把椅子看上去很硬，但坐起来很舒服。
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高手过招
完成句子 （原创）
①有时候她很不容易理解。
She was difficult at times.
②他是唯一一个被授予这种荣誉的外国人。
He was the only foreigner such an honour.
①to understand ②to be given
11. A determined person always tries to finish the job, no matter how hard it is.
有决心的人总是努力完成工作，不管它有多么难。
no matter how ...引导让步状语从句，意为“无论多么……”，how后跟形容词或副词，相当于“however + adj./adv.”句式。
联想拓展
no matter意为“无论；不管”时，引导让步状语从句，常用于下列句型中：no matter what (who/when etc. )... 分别表示“无论何事”、“无论何人”、“无论何时”等，这个从句可以置于主句之前，也可以置于主句之后。no matter后接关系代词或关系副词引导的状语从句在句中作让步状语。
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注意：whatever, however, whoever etc.可引导状语从句，也可引导名词性从句。
No matter what happened, he would not mind.
=Whatever happened, he would not mind.
不管发生什么，他都不在意。
（错）Prisoners have to eat no matter what they’re given.
（对）Prisoners have to eat whatever they’re given.
囚犯们只能给什么吃什么。
No matter how hard he works, he can not get a promotion.
不管他工作多努力, 他就是得不到提升。
No matter what you do, you must be very careful.
不管做什么事，你都必须非常细心。
No matter who you are (=Whoever you are), I’ll never let you in.无论你是谁，我绝不让你进去。
No matter which you choose(=Whichever you choose), you will be satisfied. 不论你选择哪一个，你都会满意的。
No matter where I go (=Wherever I go), I will be thinking of you. 无论我去哪里，我都会想着你。
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高手过招
单项填空
① the problem may be, we must solve it ourselves.（2010·山东威海一轮验收）
A. Whatever difficult B. How difficult
C. However difficult D. No matter what difficult
②It is generally considered unwise to give a child he or she wants. （2010·山东枣庄检测）
A. however B. whatever
C. whichever D. whenever
①解析：选C。句意为：不管问题有多难，我们都要独立解决。 difficult为形容词，因此用how修饰，表示程度。however在这里没有转折的意思，相当于no matter how，因此答案为C。
②解析：选B。考查从属关联词的用法。whatever等于anything that或everything that，引导宾语从句。whatever一方面起引导词的作用，同时作从句中wants的宾语。
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Unit 4 Earthquakes
核心单词
1. burst
vt. & vi. (burst, bursting)爆炸；胀裂；突然而起；闯入；
充满；满盈；n. 突然破裂；爆发
联想拓展
burst out 迸发；突然发作；突然……起来
burst open推开；忽然打开； 裂开
burst through冲开；冲破；拨开
burst in upon打断(谈话等)；突然出现； 突然到达
burst in/ into闯入； 突然出现； 突然……起来； 突然发作
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另外，burst into后接名词时可表示不同的意义：
burst into laughter突然大笑起来
burst into tears突然大哭起来
burst into cheers突然欢呼起来
burst out后接动名词也表示同样的意思
burst out laughing/crying 突然大笑/哭起来
高手过招
单项填空
Every time he thought of his past, he couldn’t help bursting .
(2010·济南一模)
A. when; out tears B. that; into crying
C. which; into tears D. /; out crying
解析：选D。burst out后接v.-ing形式，every time 相当于连词，
引导状语从句。故选D。
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2. event
n. 事件；大事；比赛项目
The new book was the cultural event of the year.
这本新书的出版是今年文化界的大事。
Coming events cast their shadows before.
未来之事先有征兆。
The next event will be the 100-metre race.
下一个比赛项目是100米赛跑。
常用结构：
at all events 无论怎样
in any event 无论如何
in the event of 万一；倘若
In the event of rain, the game will be postponed.
要是下雨，球赛就延期。
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易混辨析
occurrence/event/incident/accident
occurrence系常用词, 指“任何发生的事件”。
event 指“有重要意义的历史事件、重大事件”。
incident指“事件”, 尤指“比较不重要的小事件”。
accident指“意外事故”。
高手过招
单项填空
①The National Day and the International Labour Day are
great in our country.(2010·河南镇平二轮)
A. things B. incidents
C. accidents D. events
②How many are going to be held in this Summer Olympic Games (2010·江苏启东一轮)
A. accidents B. incidents
C. events D. sports
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①解析：选D。考查词义辨析。things是普通用词，指“情况；状况”；incident意为“事情；发生的事（常指小事）”；accident意为“事故”，强调未预料到的事情；event的意为“事件”，多指大事件。
②解析：选C。考查词义辨析。accident意为“事故”，指没有料到的恶性事件。incident指“事件”，多指不是很重要的事情。event多指“政治性的事件”，尤指大事。event也可以指（体育运动中的）比赛项目。
3. rescue
n.&vt. 援救，营救
常用结构：
rescue sb./ sth. from sb./ sp. 把……从……营救出来
come to/ go to sb’s rescue = rescue sb. 援救某人
a rescue team 救援队
a rescue mission 救援任务
rescue workers 救援人员
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The police came to his rescue and pulled him out of the river.
警察来救他，把他从河里拉了出来。
The rescue team made countless rescues during the earthquake.
营救队在这次地震期间进行了无数次救援。
Michael rescued a boy from drowning.
迈克尔把溺水的男孩救了起来。
高手过招
用rescue的适当形式填空（原创）
①The mother, along with her two children, from the sinking boat by a passing ship.
②The firemen five children from the burning house yesterday.
①has been rescued ②rescued
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4. judge
n. 法官；鉴赏家；裁判
vt.判断；估计
His father used to be a judge. 他的父亲过去是一名法官。
She’s a good judge of wine. 她是鉴别酒的专家。
The blind can’t judge colours. 盲人无法判断颜色。
Don’t judge a man by his looks. 不要以貌取人。
联想拓展
judgment n.判断，辨别力
judge sb./ sth. by/from 通过……判断……
as far as I judge 我认为
judging from...从……来看， 根据……判断
Judging from what he said, he must be an honest man.
从他所说的话来看，他是个诚实的人。
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高手过招
(1)单项填空
the hat he , the old man is a farmer.(2010·山东日照检测)
A. Judging from; is wearing
B. Judging by; is having on
C. To judge by; putting
D. Judged by; is putting
（2）用judge的适当形式填空（原创）
① from his appearance, he must be a rich man.
②In her , he must be from the south.
(1)解析：选A。judging from为固定搭配，此处judging不与the old man形成逻辑主动或被动关系。wear, have on, dress都有“穿，戴”的意思，但搭配和意义不同。wear和have on都可以表示“穿着”的状态，然而have on没有进行时态；dress可以作及物和不及物动词，作不及物动词时意为“穿衣”，作及物动词时宾语是人。
(2)①Judging ②judgment
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5. ruin
vt. 毁坏；毁灭。既可指实际的东西，也可指抽象的东西。
n.［U］毁坏；毁灭 ［C］（常用作复数）废墟
联想拓展
in ruins严重损坏；破败不堪；落空
bring come to ruin使某人失败；使倾家荡产
bring ruin upon oneself自取灭亡
fall/go to ruin毁灭, 灭亡; 崩溃; 破坏掉
ruin oneself毁掉自己
易混辨析
destroy/ruin/damage/harm
destroy 表示在肉体上、精神上或道义上的彻底摧毁，使之无法恢复，也可以表示对某物体进行完全的毁坏。
ruin一般指对物体或生命彻底的破坏，但往往是非暴力的，也往往不是一次性打击的结果，常指对美好的或希望中的事物的破坏。
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damage 一般指对物体或生命的局部损伤，使整体的价值或作用降低或变得无价值、无作用。这种损伤可以是暴力的或一次性破坏的结果，也可以指非暴力的长期损害的结果。
harm 一般指伤害有生命的东西，常指伤及人的健康、权利、事业等。
What he faced ruined his hope.
他所面对的使他的希望破灭了。
The whole city was destroyed in the earthquake.
整个城市在地震中被毁掉了。
Laziness will ruin one’s prospects. 懒惰会使人自毁前程。
We wanted to have a look at the ruins of Pompeii.
我们想看一下庞贝城的废墟。
They managed to repair the houses that had been damaged.
他们设法修复了受到破坏的房子。
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高手过招
单项填空
①I was by that law case. I’m a man. (2010·11·西安月考)
A. ruined; ruined B. ruined; destroying
C. damaged; destroyed D. destroyed; damaging
②Many old temples ruins are now being rebuilt. （原创）
A. on B. by C. with D. in
①解析：选A。句意为：我被那场官司搞得倾家荡产，不名一文。ruin常用于借喻中，指损坏到了不能再使用的程度；damage不能指人，只指物；destroy指完全彻底地破坏，含有无法修复之意，也可用于借喻。第二个空应用过去分词作定语，表被动和完成之意。
②解析：选D。in ruins为固定搭配，意为“处于颓废状态”。
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6. bury
vt.埋葬；掩埋；使沉浸于
联想拓展
be buried alive 被活埋
be buried under 为……所压倒；沉浸于,忙于
bury (oneself) in 埋头于；专心于；退居于(乡间等)
=be buried in
bury one’s head in the sand
自欺欺人，逃避现实（来自鸵鸟的习性）
The house was half buried under snow.
房子一半被埋在雪中。
If you continue to bury your head in the sand and refuse to recognize the fact that some of your classmates are catching up with you, it won’t be long before you find yourself left behind.
如果你再拒绝承认你的一些同班同学已经赶上来了这一事实，那么不用多久，你就会发现自己落后了。
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高手过招
选词填空（burying/buried）（原创）
I have a sigh, my head in my hands.
buried
重点短语
7. right away
立刻，马上
I’ll return the book to you right away. 我会马上还书给你。
If war breaks out, we shall be called up right away.
如果战争爆发，我们将立即被征召服役。
联想拓展
right now=at once=immediately=in no time立刻，马上
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(1)解析：选D。考查短语辨析。in no time意为“片刻之后”，而
in a flash意为“片刻之间”。
(2)I want it typed right away, please.
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8. think of
认为；考虑
联想拓展
think poorly of不放在眼里；轻视
think twice 再三考虑
think little/nothing of轻视；忽略
think much/highly of重视；看重，评价高
What do you think of ... 认为……怎么样？
think about考虑；回想；想起
think of考虑；记忆，记起
think sth. over仔细想；谨慎思考；作进一步考虑
think sth. out认真考虑；仔细盘算
think sth. up想出，发明
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The government thinks highly of his invention because it will benefit the whole country.
政府非常重视他的发明，因为它将有益于全国人民。
The foolish boss thought little of my suggestions on that project.
那个愚蠢的老板根本就不重视我对那项工程的建议。
He is thinking about travelling in the summer holidays.
他正在考虑暑假旅游的事。
I can’t think of his name at the moment.
我一时想不起他的名字。
Please think over what I said. 请仔细考虑我说的话。
He thought out a new idea. 他盘算出了一个新主意。
高手过招
单项填空
①How did you think such a clever way out of difficulty （原创）
A. over B. about C. up D. on
②Can you a way of solving the problem （原创）
A. discover B. invent up C. think up D. invent
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①解析：选C。句意为：你怎样想出如此明智的办法摆脱困境？其他选项与think搭配无“想出”之意。
②解析：选C。think up在这里相当于think of，意为“考虑，思考”。
9. at an end
结束，终结（= finish）
联想拓展
end n.&v. 结事，终结
与end搭配的常用短语
at the end of在……末尾
by the end of到……末为止
in the end最后，终于
at a loose end无所事事；处于杂乱状态
make ends meet收支相抵
The war was finally at an end.战争终于结束了。
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①by the end of ②in the end ③at the end of
10. instead of
代替，而不是
The Chinese use chopsticks instead of knives and forks.
中国人不用刀叉,用筷子。
Instead of working, Jack was idling away his time.
杰克不去工作,虚度着光阴。
She decided to leave here on Sunday instead of Monday.
她决定星期日而不是星期一离开这里。
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易混辨析
instead/instead of/in place of/take the place of
instead 是副词，单独使用，用于句首或句末作状语，意为“而是，相反”。
instead of 是复合介词，后接名词、代词、或动名词，意为“代替、而不……”。
in place of 为介词短语，也是“代替、而不”的意思，表示“以甲代乙”，而instead of则是“用甲不用乙”，除“代替”外，还有对乙否定的意思，有时意为“不”。
take the place of (replace)作谓语，用在名词、代词前。
高手过招
单项填空
①—I think we should buy a new curtain this one.
—Yes. It looks a bit ugly .(2010·江西赣州一轮)
A. to replace; as it is
B. to in place of; now
C. to take the place of; as it was
D. instead of; than that one
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②We will go there on foot by bus. What about you (2010·11·福建福州月考)
A. instead B. instead of C. without D. but
①解析：选A。to replace为不定式作目的状语。as it is意为“现在的样子”。
②解析：选B。 instead of意为“用一种形式代替另一种形式”。C项有一定干扰性，without意为“在没有……的情况下”，因此不合题意。
11. the number of
意为“……的数量、数目”，作主语时谓语动词用单数；a number of意为“一些，很多”，相当于 many, 后接可数名词复数，当它作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
The number of competitors is limit.
参赛者的数量是有限的。
A number of problems have arisen. 已经出现了一些问题。
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a large /great/good number of；a great/good many;a good few/quite a few+可数名词复数，意为“大量的”；
a great/good deal; a great/ large amount of; quite a little+ 不可数名词，意为“大量的”；
a lot of/lots of; a great /large quantity of; large quantities of/ plenty of +可数名词复数/不可数名词均可，意为“大量的”。但是a great/large quantity of ..., large quantities of ...作主语时谓语动词与quantity形式一致。
高手过招
单项填空
During the past two years, the number of automobile accidents in New York City decreased.(2010·11·山东烟台月考)
A. have B. has
C. was D. were
解析：选B。the number of+复数名词，其主语是number，故谓语动词用单数，意为“……的数量”。
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重点句型
12. In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat.
农家大院里的鸡，甚至猪都紧张得不吃食。
“too + adj./adv.+动词不定式”结构简称为“too ... to”结构，在大多数情况下表示否定意义，通常可意为“太……而不能……;太……无法……”。
“too ...to”结构表示否定的常见句型有：
too +adj./adv. + to do，有时too后也可跟一个起形容词作用的过去分词。
too ... to/to be done形式。这是“too ...to”结构中不定式为被动式时的变体，如果主语是不定式动作的承受者，不定式既可以用主动式，也可以用被动式，此时用主动式虽然在形式上是主动的，但在意义上却是被动的。
too + adj. + a (an) + n.+ to + v./to be done形式。这个句型在too+ adj.后再接一个带不定冠词的名词，不定冠词一定要放置于形容词后。与此同时，只有当too后形容词修饰一个可数名词时，才可以在形容词与名词间加不定冠词“a/an”。当句子主语能发出该不定式的动作时，可以用to + v.的主动式，当主语是该不定式动作的承受者时，则用to be + v.-ed的被动式。
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温馨提示
并不是所有“too ...to”结构的句子都表示否定意义，在下列情况下，“too ...to”结构可以表示肯定意义：
“too ...to”结构之前带有but, only, all, never, not时，是强调肯定的表示法，意为“非常……，十分……，实在……，真是太……”等。
“too ...to”结构中带有表示某种心情或描绘性的形容词或副词，如ready，eager, satisfied, kind, willing, easy, anxious等加动词不定式结合成一个不可分割的状态、态度、倾向或心情等，并且其后的不定式不是说明too的具体内容，而是修饰形容词，故不定式不再表示结果。
在“too ...to”结构中，不定式为否定式时，是构成的双重否定，其意为“非常/很/太/那么……不会不/必定能/所以能……”，也不表示否定意义。
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I，m too tired to think of anything now.
我太累了，什么也不能想了。
The tea is too hot to drink/to be drunk. 茶太热，不能喝。
The shoes are too badly broken to be mended.
这些鞋子破烂得不能修补。
He，s too experienced an artist to mind what the critics say. (＝As an artist he，s too experienced to mind what the critics say.)
他是个经验非常丰富的艺术家，不会介意批评家说些什么。
He is too experienced an artist to be worried by what the critics say.
他是一个经验非常丰富的艺术家，不至于为批评家们的议论而担忧。
I am but too glad to do so. 我非常喜欢这样做。
He was too anxious to do this job. 他非常想做这件工作。
The girl is too careful not to do it well.
这姑娘很细心，完全能做好那件事。
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高手过招
单项填空
—He seems tired to do it.
—But I am only glad to do it.(2010·江苏常州一轮)
A. very; too B. extremely; too
too; too D. very; very
解析：选C。第一空为too ...to 太……而不能……，第二空前有only所以too ...to强调肯定，意为“非常、十分”。
13. It seemed as if the world was at an end!
仿佛到了世界末日！
联想拓展
as if=as though意为“仿佛，像，似乎”。通常用在be，look，seem，sound，taste，smell及feel等连系动词的后面。如果表示真实情况应该用陈述语气；如果表示非真实情况则应该用虚拟语气, 其谓语动词的虚拟式与wish后面宾语从句中谓语动词的虚拟式相同。引导方式状语从句时也要用虚拟语气。
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注意：as if (though)后面除了跟句子外，还可以跟名词、动词不定式、形容词(短语)、介词短语和分词。
另外，as if (though)还可以表达感叹语气，来对某项建议、假设和推测表示不赞成、惊讶、不满和厌恶等。
How wild his white hair looked as if it had been electrified! 他的白发十分凌乱，好像触了电似的。(虚拟语气)
She seems as if she is going to cry. 她似乎要哭了。
(陈述事实)
As if anyone would believe that story！
好像有人竟会相信那样的事！
As if we were all stupid and he alone clever！
哼，就仿佛我们都是傻瓜，只有他一个人聪明似的。
He raised his hand as if to take off his hat.
他举起他的手，好像要取下帽子。
He behaved as if nothing had happened.
他表现的好像什么也没发生。
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高手过招
（1）单项填空
—Will you go to the exhibition tomorrow
—Yes, I will go it，s windy.(2010·11·山东滨州月考)
A. as if B. even though
C. as soon as D. as though
（2）翻译句子（原创）
①你像是见了鬼似的。
②这个男孩向四周察看，像在寻找什么东西。
(1)解析：选B。even though相当于even if，引导让步状语从句，意为“即使”；as if（though）引导方式状语从句；as soon as引导时间状语从句。
(2)①You looked as if you had seen a ghost．
②The boy looked about as if in search of something．
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14. All hope was not lost.
不是所有的希望都破灭了。
all, both, each, every, everyone, everything, always, whole, wholly, entirely, altogether等具有总括意义的词后跟否定词not连用时，一般都表示部分否定，其中all, both, each, every无论在not之前还是之后，都表示部分否定。
但如果句子中出现下列单词或短语则该句为全部否定：none of+n./pron.; neither+n./pron.; no+n.; nothing；nobody；neither；never；nowhere；neither ... nor等。
All that glitters is not gold. 发光的不一定都是金子。
Not all body languages mean the same thing in different countries.
并非所有的肢体语言在不同的国家里都有相同的意思。
Each machine here is not produced in our plant.
这里的机器不全是我们厂生产的。
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高手过招
单项填空
We couldn’t eat in a restaurant because of us
had money on us. （原创）
A. all; no B. any; no
C. none; any D. no one; any
解析：选C。考查全部否定。句意为：因为我们大家身上都没带钱，所以不能在饭店里吃饭。故选C项。
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Unit 5 Nelson Mandela-a modern hero
核心单词
1. quality
n. ［U,C］质，质量，品质；特性（既可用于描述物品，也用于描述人物）
［C］性质；特性；特点
Modesty is one of his good qualities.
谦虚是他的美德之一。
One quality of wood is that it can burn.
木料的一个特点是能燃烧。
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常用结构：
high quality 优质
poor quality 劣质
average quality 一般的品质
Wine of high quality costs more than that of poor quality.
优质的葡萄酒比劣质的葡萄酒价格要高。
易混辨析
quality/quantity
quality 质，质量
quantity 数量；大量
For study, quality often matters more than quantity.
就学习而言，质量往往比数量更重要。
Quantities of food were on the table. 桌上摆了大量食物。
There is a small quantity of water left in the bottle.
瓶子里还剩下少量的水。
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高手过招
完成句子(原创)
①他仔细检查家具的品质。
He examined carefully.
②他具备了一个成功商人应具有的所有

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