资源简介

2024初升高英语（2020牛津译林专用：事物事理类说明文与新事物类说明文）
Step 1：知识积累之听力填词训练
During the hour-long lunchtime, I ate in the school dining hall. There were lots of options including bread and butter, chicken pie and puddings, but I still missed my mum’s cooking! After lunch, I often played on the school’s huge sports field with Daniel and his friends. Sometimes we just relaxed under a tree or sat on the grass.
After school, there were many clubs to join. The one that attracted me most was the Rugby Club. We played once a week, and it was great fun. Also, I enjoyed acting in the Theatre Club. I still have photos of myself acting in William Shakespeare’s A Midsummer Night’s Dream. Joining clubs was a great way to meet British students and make friends with them.
I am glad to have the opportunity to experience this different way of life. I met some great people and learnt a lot about school life in the UK. Daniel and his family were fantastic hosts, and his friends were very nice as well. I can’t wait for Daniel to visit China!
词汇及短语归纳总结
option n.可选择的事物，选择;选修课 butter n.黄油 pudding n.甜点;布丁 attract vt.吸引，使喜爱;招引;引起(反应) rugby n.橄榄球运动 calligraphy n.书法，书法艺术 opportunity n. 时机，机会 experience n. 经历，往事；经验，阅历；传统 v. 经历，遭遇；体会到，感受到 fantastic adj. 极好的，非常棒的；极大的，极高的；不切实际的，异想天开的；奇异的，怪诞的 sports field 运动场：一个平坦的土地区域，用于举办体育赛事。
Step 2：阅读技能事物事理类说明文与新事物类说明文——科普介绍与新兴事物
Passage A
In the demonstration(示范) video of the devices. two dancers are performing with the robotic arms on their backs.The humans and machines move together in the performance. The dancers come together and move in similar ways either leading or following the robot arms. Inami said some wearers grow attached(依恋的)to the arms after some time.“Taking them off after using them for a while feels a little sad. That's where they're a little different to other tools."he said.
1. What can we know from the third paragraph
A. The two dancers move in different ways.
B. Some users form attachment to the arms.
C. Getting used to the arms needs a long time.
D. The wearers think the arms are similar to other tools.
参考答案：
1. B 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“some wearers grow attached to the arms after some time”可知，有些佩戴者在使用一段时间后会对机械臂产生依恋。
Passage B
Anna Hogg of the University of Leeds in Britain was one of the researchers. When speaking about the dropping ice, she said, "It's going to take tens of years for the dropping ice to recover(恢复).There's no method to replace it."She told a group of reporters, “It will certainly take a long time,even if it's possible.”
2. What does Anna Hogg try to tell us in Paragraph 3
A. It is possible to replace sea ice.
B. It is difficult for sea ice to recover.
C.It is impossible for sea ice to recover.
D.It is important to replace sea ice.
参考答案：
2. B 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“It's going to take tens of years for the dropping ice to
recover.There's no method to replace it."可知，这些海冰需要数十年才能恢复，没有办法取代这些海冰。由此可知，海冰很难恢复。
Passage C
The system is called ATLAS. It can search the whole sky several times each night looking for Near-Earth Objects(NEOs,近地天体）.When they enter Earth's atmosphere(大气层），most of the NEOs will burn up before reaching the planet's surface. But scientists are worried about larger NEOs up to 50 meters in size. Such objects could bring harmful results to areas they hit.
3. Which of the following is TRUE about NEOs
A. Most of them are not risky to Earth.
B. Most of them are harmful to our planet.
C. Most of them are over 50 meters in size.
D. Most of them can't be seen by telescopes.
参考答案：
3. A推理判断题。根据第三段中的“When they enter Earth's atmosphere, most of the NEOs will burn up before reaching the planet's surface.”可知，当近地天体进入地球大气层时，大多数近地天体在到达地球表面之前都会燃烧殆尽。所以大多数近地天体对地球没有危险。
1：何为事物事理类说明文
说明文分为事物说明文和事理说明文两大类。但是，有时在一篇说明文中，介绍事物与阐释事理往往是交错使用的。事物事理类说明文是以说明为主要表达方式来解说事物、阐明事理而给人知识的文章体裁。它通过揭示概念来说明事物特征、本质及其规律性。说明文一般介绍事物的形状、构造、类别、关系、功能，解释事物的原理、成因、特点、演变等。
2：概念
（1）事物说明文的说明对象是具体事物。通过对具体事物的形状、构造、性质、特点、用途等作客观而准确的说明，使读者了解、认识这个或这类事物。
（2）事理说明文的说明对象是某个抽象事理。
事物说明文是对事物进行详细介绍的文体形式,而事理说明文是对道理进行详细介绍的
文体形式.区别是前者针对事物, 后者针对道理。
3：说明方法
★分类法（by classification）★比较法（by comparison）★举例法（by example）
★程序法（by process）★因果法（by cause and effect）★定义法（by definition）
★时序法（by following the order of time）★重要性法（by importance,）
★分析原因法（by analyzing cause）★引入数据或研究（by using data or mentioning some studies）★描述法（by description）
4：解题重点关注
正确选项与说明对象密切相关没有明显转折;看段首段尾
有转折;递进;实际上:
有因果;看转折递进因果之后内容
5：何为新事物类说明文——对于新兴事物的科普介绍；涵盖新观点；新科技；新技术
6：两点基本认识
1、新事物一定具有旧事物不可比拟的优越性。也许新事物暂时并不完美，但是它一定有更好的发展潜力，也会在未来对我们的生活带来积极的改变。
2、新事物一定会和旧事物长期共存。任何新旧交替都不能在短期内一蹴而就，而是需要漫长的人们了解、认知、熟悉、接受的过程。所以断言新事物一定取代旧事物是不合理的，即便新事物比旧事物优越很多。
7：明显标志词
在文章看到这些时候，你要有基本的意识，这篇文章可能是新事物类说明文。
用于体现“新”的：new、up-to-date、in the near future …
用于体现“发明革新”的：invention、innovation …
用于体现“梦想成真”的：dream comes true、dream turns into reality …
用于体现“旧”与“新”进行对比的：old、traditional、conventional …
8：新事物类说明文最重要的内容
1、新事物是什么？
2、相较于旧事物，新事物有什么作用和优越性？
3、新事物目前有什么局限性需要日后不断改进？
9：主旨题
一篇文章通常是围绕一个中心思想展开的。不少文章一开头便展示出文章的主题，特别是新闻报道，第一小段通常是故事的梗概，这一段往往表达了文章的中心思想;在文章的段落中，则通常由开头的一句作为主题句(topic sentence)来概括该段的中心思想。主题句一般具有三个特点:
1．表述的意思比较概括，相对主题句来看，这种概括性更为明显。
2．句子结构较简单，多数都不采用长、难句的形式。
3．段落中其他的句子必定是用来解释、支撑或发展主题句所表述的主题思想。
10：寻找主题句的6个微技能
(1) Now(如今)New （新的）…暗示本文即将要讲的事很有可能与以往不同。
(2) 表转折的词。段落中出现but, however, actually, while, in fact, on the contrary, in contrast等时，其后的内容往往是作者真正要表达的观点。
(3)表总结的词。如therefore, thus, in short, conclude, in conclusion等词后内容也可能是主题。
(4)多次重复的词。如果一篇文章中多次出现某个词，该词往往是体现文章主旨的关键词。
(5) 若首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的回答很可能就是文章的主旨。
(6) 说明实验结论或调查结果的句子。如their studies show that…， the experiment shows that…， scientists/researchers have found that…或there is evidence suggesting that… 中that从句的内容通常就是主旨。也可能是主题。
Passage A
While it is impossible to live completely free of stress, it is possible to prevent stress as well as reduce its effect when it can’t be avoided. The US Department of Health and Human Services offers the following suggestions for ways to deal with stress.
1：What is most probably the writer’s purpose in writing the article
A. To release his or her wrong pressure.
B. To help solve the universal problem of stress.
C. To reduce his or her anxiety.
D. To have more people cry out.
参考答案：
由文章第一段“While it is impossible to live completely free of stress, it is possible to prevent stress as well as reduce its effect when it can’t be avoided. The US Department of Health and Human Services offers the following suggestions for ways to deal with stress.(虽然生活中不可能完全没有压力，但当压力无法避免时，我们可以预防压力并减少其影响。美国卫生与公众服务部提供了以下应对压力的建议。)”可知，作者写这篇文章是为了帮助解决普遍存在的压力问题。故选B。
Passage B
For travel expert and author La Carmina, slow travel allows people to stop and smell the roses-quite directly. “It’s about being fully present in the moment and experiencing the sights, sounds and sensations (感觉) around you completely “letting the experience develop at its own speed and without expectations,” she said. “To me, slow travel doesn’t have a strict definition or certain things to do, but rather focuses on the feeling of being a visitor to a place.”
Slow travel is becoming more and more popular now, because it can do good to us in many ways.
2. What does La Carmina think of slow travel
A. It can let travelers experience the place deeply.
B. It can make travelers save a lot of money.
C. It can allow travelers to explore more places.
D. It can save travelers much more time.
参考答案：
细节理解题。根据文章第五段“For travel expert and author La Carmina, slow travel allows people to stop and smell thet roses-quite directly. “It’s about being fully present in the moment and experiencing the sights, sounds and sensations (感觉) around you completely “letting the experience develop at its own speed and without expectations,” she said.(对于旅游专家兼作家La Carmina来说，慢速旅行可以让人们停下来，直接闻一闻玫瑰的芬芳。她说：“这是关于完全活在当
下，完全体验你周围的景象、声音和感觉，让体验按照自己的速度发展，不带任何期望。”)”可知，La Carmina认为慢旅行可以让人们能够完全体验你周围的景象、声音和感觉，也就是深入体验一个地方。故选A。
Passage C
No business would welcome being compared to gambling (赌博). Yet that is what is happening to makers of video games. For years parents have complained that their children are “addicted” to their video games and smartphones. Today, however, even more doctors are using the term. On January 1 this year, “gaming disorder” — in which games are played uncontrollably, despite causing harm — gained recognition from the World Health Organization (WHO).
3. What do we know from Paragraph 1
A. It is not suitable to compare video games to gambling.
B. Parents complain about their children’s addiction to gambling.
C. Gaming addiction was officially recognized as a disease.
D. More doctors are against the use of the term “addicted”.
参考答案：
细节理解题。根据第一段中“On January l this year, “gaming disorder” — in which games are played uncontrollably, despite causing harm — gained recognition from the World Health Organization (WHO).”（今年1月1日，“游戏障碍”得到了世界卫生组织(WHO)的认可。“游戏障碍”指的是尽管会造成伤害，但仍无法控制地玩游戏。）可知，从第一段我们知道游戏成瘾被正式认定为一种疾病。故选C项。
Passage D
Plastic is low-cost and long-lasting. It is not easily degraded(降解) because natural degradation processes can’t deal with its chemical components(成分). It takes in other ocean-present harmful substances. These chemical and dangerous components are gradually got into the atmosphere with additives such as color, which turns out to be really harmful when the plastic breaks down.
The design and development of new plastic products was sped up after World War II. Life without plastic seemed impossible in the modern age. But even though plastic was quite convenient, the dark side of it was seen as people began to enjoy the throw-away community. Many plastic products, such as plastic bags, have a lifetime of a few minutes to hours. However, they’ll stay in
the environment for hundreds of years. We are destroying the very world that nurtured us.
Just 9% of plastic has been recycled and 12% burnt after production rose in the 1950s, which leave s about 79% of the 8.3 billion tons produced sitting in landfills(垃圾填埋场) or damaging our fields, oceans, and waterways. And each year the plastic ends up as contaminants. So to beat plastic pollution, we need to work together.
While plastic burning reduces the amount of waste dumped into oceans and lands, harmful gases are still produced, which also leads to greenhouse gases. However, if we make a firm decision and use modern waste management methods, we will be able to create a safe and healthy world. It is high time that we as responsible global citizens, took on the duty of protecting our environment and made great effort in saving our mother earth, instead of just leaving everything to our government. So, ladies and gentlemen, let’s make a promise to successfully deal with plastic waste and protect our world from all possible risks.
28. What is Paragraph 1 mainly about
A. The harm of plastic. B. The convenience of plastic.
C. The protection of plastic. D. The use of plastic.
29. Which word can best describe the writer’s feeling in Paragraph 2
A. Happy. B. Worried. C. Excited. D. Relaxed.
30. What does the underlined word “contaminants” in Paragraph 3 mean
A. Things that cause pollution. B. Things that produce plastic.
C. Things that cost money. D. Things that help people.
31. From which is the text most probably taken
A. A short story. B. A speech. C. A newspaper. D. A notice.
参考答案：
本文是一篇演讲稿，属于应用文体，主要讲述了塑料对环境的危害，并倡议大家担起责任处理塑料废物、保护地球。
1. 主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“It is not easily degraded(降解) because natural degradation processes can’t deal with its chemical components(成分). It takes in other ocean-present harmful substances. These chemical and dangerous components are gradually got into the atmosphere with additives such as color, which turns out to be really harmful when the plastic breaks
down.(因为自然降解过程不能处理其化学成分，所以它不易降解。它吸收其他海洋中存在的有害物质。这些化学成分和危险成分随着色剂等添加剂逐渐进入大气中，而当塑料分解时，着色剂就变得非常有害。)”可知，塑料的化学成分不能在自然中降解，它吸收有害物质，塑料中的化学成分和危险成分会进入大气，污染大气环境。由此可推测出，第一段主要讲述了塑料的害处。故选A。
2. 推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“We are destroying the very world that nurtured us.(我们正在摧毁养育我们的世界。)”可知，作者认为我们使用塑料是在摧毁我们赖以生存的世界，由此可推测出，作者对这种现状感到担忧。故选B。
3. 词义猜测题。根据画线词后一句“So to beat plastic pollution, we need to work together.(所以，为了防止塑料污染，我们需要共同努力。)”可知，塑料会产生污染，由此可推测出，画线词所在句表达的是每年塑料最终都会成为污染物。contaminants意为“污染物”，与A项意思最接近。故选A。
4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“So, ladies and gentlemen, let’s make a promise to successfully deal with plastic waste and protect our world from all possible risks.(所以，女士们，先生们，让我们承诺会成功地处理塑料废物，保护我们的世界免受一切可能的风险。)”可知，文章在最后一段呼吁大家要承诺处理塑料废物，保护环境，并以“ladies and gentlemen”引起大家的注意，由此可推测出，这是一篇面对观众发表的演讲。故选B。
Passage A
Terrafugia Inc. said Monday that its new flying car has completed its first flight, bringing the company closer to its goal of selling the flying car within the next year. The vehicle – named the Transition – has two seats, four wheels and wings that fold up so it can be driven like a car. The Transition, which flew at 1,400 feet for eight minutes last month, can reach around 70 miles per hour on the road and 115 in the air. It flies using a 23-gallon tank of gas and burns 5 gallons per hour in the air. On the ground, it gets 35 miles per gallon.
Around 100 people have already put down a $10,000 deposit to get a Transition when they go on sale, and those numbers will likely rise after Terrafugia introduces the Transition to the public later this week at the New York Auto Show. But don’t expect it to show up in too many driveways. It’s expected to cost $279,000. And it won’t help if you’re stuck in traffic. The car needs a runway.
Inventors have been trying to make flying cars since the 1930s, according to Robert Mann, an
airline industry expert. But Mann thinks Terrafugia has come closer than anyone to making the flying car a reality. The government has already permitted the company to use special materials to make it easier for the vehicle to fly. The Transition is now going through crash tests to make sure it meets federal safety standards.
Mann said Terrafugia was helped by the Federal Aviation Administration’s decision five years ago to create a separate set of standards for light sport aircraft, which are lower than those for pilots of larger planes. Terrafugia says an owner would need to pass a test and complete 20 hours of flying time to be able to fly the Transition, a requirement pilots would find relatively easy to meet.
1. What is the first paragraph mainly about
A. The basic data of the Transition. B. The advantages of flying cars.
C. The potential market for flying cars. D. The designers of the Transition.
2. Why is the Transition unlikely to show up in too many driveways
A. It causes traffic jams. B. It is difficult to operate.
C. It is very expensive. D. It burns too much fuel.
3. What is the government’s attitude to the development of the flying car
A. Cautious. B. Favorable. C. Ambiguous. D. Disapproving.
4. What is the best title for the text
A. Flying Car at Auto Show B. The Transition’s First Flight
C. Pilots’ Dream Coming True D. Flying Car Closer to Reality
参考答案：
本文是一篇科普说明文。Terrafugia公司研制出飞行汽车并成功进行了第一次飞行，使飞行汽车成为现实更进一步。
1. A考查段落大意。第一段的第二句"The vehicle...like a car"介绍了飞行汽车Transition的构造，第一段的后半部分介绍它的空中飞行速度、陆地行驶速度和油耗情况，这些都是飞行汽车的基本数据。故选A项。
2. C考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"But don’t expect it to show up in too many driveways. It’s expected to cost $ 279,000"可知，该飞行汽车是非常贵的，所以不太可能大量出现在车道上。故选C项。
3. B考查推理判断。根据第三段中的"The government has already permitted the company to use special materials to make it easier for the vehicle to fly"可推知，政府对该项目是支持的。
故选B项。
4. D考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的"Terrafugia Inc. said Monday that its new flying car has completed its first flight, bringing the company closer to its goal of selling the flying car within the next year"可知，Terrafugia公司的飞行汽车成功进行了第一次飞行，从而使飞行汽车更加接近现实。所以选D项。主旨大意题的解答要注意文章的首段和尾段，同时要结合文章中大部分内容所讲述的观点。文章中只提及Transition会出现在New York Auto Show，但这不是文章主要内容,故排除A项;B项只是飞行汽车的第一次飞行，过于片面；C项中的"Pilots’ Dream"未在文中提及。
Passage B
Getting less sleep has become a bad habit for most American kids. According to a new survey(调查)by the National Sleep Foundation, 51% of kids aged 10 to 18 go to bed at 10 pm or later on school nights, even though they have to get up early. Last year the Foundation reported that nearly 60% of 7- to 12-year-olds said they felt tired during the day, and 15% said they had fallen asleep at school.
How much sleep you need depends a lot on your age. Babies need a lot of rest; most of them sleep about 18 hours a day! Adults need about eight hours. For most school-age children, ten hours is ideal(理想的). But the new National Sleep Foundation survey found that 35% of 10- to 12-year-olds get only seven or eight hours. And guess what almost half of the surveyed kids said they do before bedtime Watch TV.
"More children are going to bed with TVs on, and there are more opportunities(机会)to stay awake, with more homework, the Internet and the phone," says Dr. Mary Carskadon, a sleep researcher at Brown University Medical School. She says these activities at bedtime can get kids all excited and make it hard for them to calm down and sleep. Other experts say part of the problem is chemical. Changing levels of body chemicals called hormones not only make teenagers’ bodies develop adult characteristics, but also make it hard for teenagers to fall asleep before 11 pm.
Because sleepiness is such a problem for teenagers, some school districts have decided to start high school classes later than they used to. Three years ago, schools in Edina, Minnesota, changed the start time from 7:25 am to 8:30 am. Students, parents and teachers are pleased with the results.
1.What is the new National Sleep Foundation survey on
A. American kids’ sleeping habits.
B. Teenagers’ sleep-related diseases.
C. Activities to prevent sleeplessness.
D. Learning problems and lack of sleep.
2.How many hours of sleep do 11-year-olds need every day
A.7 hours. B.8 hours. C.10 hours. D.18 hours.
3.Why do teenagers go to sleep late according to Carskadon
A. They are affected by certain body chemicals.
B. They tend to do things that excite them.
C. They follow their parents’ examples.
D. They don’t need to go to school early.
参考答案：
本文属于说明，首先用数据告诉我们美国孩子的睡眠状况堪忧，接着告诉我们孩子在不同年龄段需要的睡眠时间不同，然后分析了孩子晚睡的原因，最后介绍了一些学校为了让孩子们有更多的睡眠时间而推迟了上课的时间。
1. A细节理解题。文中第一段列举了一些数据，向我们说明美国有51%的10到18岁的孩子上床睡觉的时间偏晚，也调查了60%的7到12岁的孩子在白天感到疲惫，15%的孩子会在学校睡着，所以这些调查都是关于美国孩子的睡眠习惯的，故选A。
2. C细节理解题。根据第二段＂For most school-age children, ten hours is ideal＂可知11岁正在上学的小孩子的理想睡眠时间是10个小时，故选C。
3. B细节理解题。根据第三段＂She says these activities at bedtime can get kids all excited and make it hard for them to calm down and sleep＂可知她认为孩子们睡觉晚的原因是他们会在睡前做一些让他们兴奋的活动，故选B。
Step 3：课后作业之听力训练+题型演练
第一节(共5 小题; 每小题 1.5分,满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1．Where are the speakers
A．At home. B．In a classroom. C．In a hospital.
【答案】C
M: How are you feeling these days
W: Much better, thanks. The doctor said I would be home in three days.
2．What did the man buy
A．A magazine. B．A dictionary. C．A storybook.
【答案】B
M: I was going to buy a magazine but I changed my mind.
W: So what did you choose A storybook
M: I got a dictionary.
3．What are the speakers talking about
A．The man's weekend plans. B．The man's school life. C．The man's friends.
【答案】A
W: What are you going to do at the weekend
M: I’m going to have music lessons, and I’m also going to see a film with my friends.
W: Sounds good.
4．What is John
A．A student. B．A teacher. C．A worker.
【答案】B
W: Jack, you know we’re going to organize a party for John’s retirement.
M: How time flies. John’s been here for twenty years. All the students like his class.They say he can make a boring subject interesting.
5．When will the football match take place
A．On Tuesday. B．On Friday. C．On Sunday.
【答案】B
W: Are you still playing the football match this week
M: Yes, but we’ve changed the day because of the bad weather. So it’s on Friday, instead of Tuesday.
第二节（共15小题，每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6．What is the woman doing
A．Booking a table. B．Calling her friend. C．Applying for a restaurant job.
7．When will the woman come for dinner
A．At 6:00. B．At 7 :00. C．At 8 :00.
【答案】6．A 7．B
M: Hello, this is Peace Restaurant. May I help you
W: Yes. I’d like a table at 6:00 this evening.
M: Just a minute. I’m sorry, madam. There isn’t any table left for 6:00, but we can give you a private dining room at 7:00.
W: That sounds good.
M: For how many people
W: Five couples.
M: All right. May I have your name, madam
W: Shelly.
M: All right. We’ve reserved a private dining room for you at 7:00 pm. Thanks for calling.
W: Thank you very much.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8．Which city did the man come from
A．Chicago. B．Boston. C．New York.
9．What is the man looking for
A．A coat. B．A letter. C．A passport.
10．How does the man probably feel now
A．Sad B．Dissatisfied. C．Excited.
【答案】8．C 9．A 10．C
M: Excuse me...
W: Yes, sir What can I do for you
M: I think I left my coat on the train when I got off at Chicago Station this morning.
W: Which train did you take
M: I came from New York in NY-Chicago 352.
W: Ah, can you please describe your coat, sir
M: Well, it’s a thick coat with two pockets.
W: What color is the coat, sir
M: Dark gray.
W: Then this isn’t your coat. This one is black. Oh, let me have a look. Is there anything in the pockets
M: Yes, there is some money, a letter and my passport.
W: You are lucky, sir. This is your coat.
M: Thank you very much.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11．What is the woman good at
A．Skiing. B．Singing. C．Swimming.
12．What does the woman like doing in summer holidays
A．Playing the guitar. B．Going to the mountains. C．Swimming m the sea.
13．What is the woman's favorite subject
A．Maths. B．Geography. C．History.
【答案】11．A 12．C 13．B
M: Linda, I’m doing a survey on student’s life. Can I ask you some questions
W: Of course.
M: What do you like doing in your free time
W: I spend a lot of time playing the guitar and I enjoy singing.
M: What do you like to do when you’re on winter holiday
W: I usually go to the mountains. I like skiing very much, and I first learned it when I was four years old. So I’m quite good at it.
M: What about summer holidays
W: I’m not that interested in going to the mountains in summer. I prefer swimming in the sea, which makes me cool and comfortable.
M: What is your favorite subject at school
W: Well, maths is OK but it’s not my favorite. Geography is what I enjoy most, and history is the second. I want to be a geography teacher one day.
听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。
14．What is the probable relationship between the speakers
A．Salesperson and customer. B．Homeowner and cleaner.
C．Husband and wife.
15．What kind of apartment do the speakers prefer
A．One with two bedrooms. B．One without furniture.
C．One near a market.
16．How much rent should one pay for the one-bedroom apartment
A．$350. B．$400. C．$415.
17．Where is the apartment the speakers would like to see
A．On Lake Street. B．On Market. C．On South Street.
【答案】14．C 15．A 16．B 17．C
W: Anything interesting in the paper today, dear
M: Well, yeah. There are a few here that might interest us. Here is one for just four hundred dollars. It only has one bedroom, but it sounds nice, near Lake Street.
W: Yeah, let me see what the cheapest two-bedroom apartment is. Oh, here is one on Market Street. It’s a real bargain. Only 350 dollars. But it doesn’t have any furniture.
M: Well, it costs a lot to buy all the furniture.
W: Oh, here is another one for just over four hundred dollars. This sounds very interesting. It’s on South Street. That’s a nice area!
M: Yes, it’s quiet. Did you say two bedrooms
W: Yes, at 415 dollars.
M: Why don’t we go and have a look
W: OK, I’ll give them a call.
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18．What is probably blocking the entryway
A．A car. B．A bus. C．A taxi.
19．How long can a car be parked at most in the west side
A．10 minutes. B．15 minutes. C．30 minutes.
20．What will the speaker do with the Ford Taurus in ten minutes
A．Have it removed. B．Give the owner a ticket. C．Call the owner’s company.
【答案】18．A 19．C 20．A
M: Your attention please. There is a Red Ford Taurus parked blocking the building’s entryway on the south side. Will the owner of this car please move it immediately This area is meant for buses and taxis only. You may move your car to either parking lot on the east side or west side of the building. The one on the east side offers a free parking service for those with parking cards on the weekends. The parking service is available on the west side, on condition that you park there within half an hour. Today is Saturday, so I suggest you go to the east parking lot. Again, this is a Red Ford Taurus. The license plate number is 15FTU. If it is still blocking the entrance ten minutes from now, I am afraid we will have no choice but to call the service company and have it removed. So please, will the owner of this Red Ford Taurus move your car immediately
Passage A
Exercise helps to keep us in good health. Doctors at the American Heart Association suggest getting at least 150 minutes of proper physical activity every week. Many people exercise for a few minutes every day or every other day. So, getting 150 minutes every week is easy.
But what about those times when you are sick If you do not feel well, should you keep following your exercise habit Health experts answer these and other questions.
Edward R. Laskowski is a doctor at the Mayo Clinic. He and other experts have a general rule of yes about exercising when you are sick. It is usually fine to exercise, he explains, if your symptoms （症状）are all “above the neck". These signs may include a runny nose, a blocked nose, sneezing or a minor sore throat.
Geralyn Coopersmith is a physical fitness trainer who has written several books on exercise and nutrition. Both Coopersmith and Dr. Laskowski suggest taking a break from exercising if signs
of your illness appear "below the neck". Pay special attention to symptoms such as chest congestion, extreme cough or pain in the stomach.
There are other symptoms that can tell you to avoid exercise. They include: a higher than normal body temperature, a sense of feeling extremely tired, and widespread muscle pain.
Both Coopersmith and Dr. Laskowski suggest listening to your body. If you feel really bad, take a break and let your body rest. If you don't feel too bad, these experts both suggest reducing the amount of exercise. For example, if you usually run, take a quick walk instead.
1. How long should people do exercise to keep healthy
A. About 150 minutes per day. B. Around 100 minutes per day.
C. At least 150 minutes per week. D. No more than 100 minutes per week.
2. When will Edward R. Laskowski say no to exercise
A. When your left leg is broken. B. When you have a runny noses.
C. When you have a blocked nose. D. When you have a minor sore throat.
3. What is the meaning of "listening to your body” in Paragraph 6
A. Be careful with your cars. B. Learn to take advice of others.
C. Pay attention to body signals. D. Listen to music to keep healthy.
4. What will the writer be likely to agree with
A. Practice makes perfect. B. Nothing seek, nothing find.
C. Put your heart into exercise. D. Act according to your abilities.
参考答案：
这是一篇说明文。锻炼有助于保持身体健康，但是在感觉不适的时候，要看具体情况：如果病症出现在“颈部以上”的位置，通常可以锻炼；如果病症出现在“颈部以下”，请暂停锻炼。
1.细节理解题。根据第一段中的" Exercise helps to keep us in good health. Doctors at the American Heart Association suggest getting at least 150 minutes of proper physical activity every week. " 可知，锻炼有助于保持身体健康，美国心脏协会的医生建议每周至少进行150分钟的适当体育锻炼，因此人们应该每周至少运动150分钟才能保持健康。故选C项。
2.细节理解题。根据第四段中的“ Both Coopersmith and Dr. Laskowski suggest taking a break from exercising if signs of your illness appear "below the neck”可知，库伯史密斯和拉斯科夫斯基博士都建议，如果你的疾病迹象出现在“颈部以下”，就应该暂停锻炼。因此
Edward R. Laskowski不赞同在左腿骨折时运动。故选A项。
3.词句猜测题。根据第六段中的“If you feel really bad, take a break and let your body rest. If you don't feel too bad, these experts both suggest reducing the amount of exercise.”可知，身体不适时应休息一下。如果不是非常不舒服，可以减少运动量。因此，"listening to your body”意为“听从你的身体”，这符合C项（注意身体发出的信号）的描述。故选C项。
4.推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Both Coopersmith and Dr. Laskowski suggest listening to your body.”可知，这两个人都建议按照身体的舒适程度来决定运动与否以及运动量，作者并没有提出反对和质疑，即作者赞同二者的建议，这符合D项（根据你的能力采取相应的行动）的描述。故选D项。
Passage B
As much as I love watching Olympic diving, I’ve never understood why athletes hurry off to the showers and then proceed to relax in a hot tub (热水浴池) after each dive. They’re already wet. They’re only in the pool for a handful of seconds, so it’s not like they need to get cleaned up. And doesn’t taking a shower serve the same purpose as sitting in a hot tub
Actually, that’s what Olympic divers usually do between dives as they know very well about the importance of warm-ups and cool-downs. So, what’s the actual reason
As it turns out, showers and hot tubs are used pretty interchangeably by the swimming pool. However, there is a need for both. First, let’s start with why divers need to take a shower between dives. It has to do with body temperature and keeping their muscles relaxed.As you can imagine, practicing dives in the pool, then having to keep your body warm in a shower, and then jumping off a 10-meter platform and into cold water couldn’t be comfortable for anyone. Going back and forth between these warm and cool temperatures can cause a diver’s muscles to tense or cramp up(痉挛)，which can lead to injuries to the muscles. Showers allow an Olympic diver to recover and prevent that.
In that way, showers and hot tubs serve the same purpose. A hot tub is generally used if you have a bit more time between dives and have already stretched. The shower walls on the pool deck can typically provide enough space for more divers at the same time, and they’re especially helpful for athletes who need to stretch or who only have a few minutes be tween dives. Just like Olympic swimmers depend on thick clothes to keep their muscles warm, Olympic divers rely on these methods to stay loose. If you ask me, it’s not a bad way to pass the time!
1. What does the underlined word “proceed” in Paragraph 1 mean
A. Fail. B. Continue. C. Stop. D. Afford.
2. Why do the athletes need showers after diving
A. To fully clean their body.
B. To rest and wait for the results.
C. To avoid possible muscle injuries.
D. To stop themselves from catching a cold.
3. What does the last paragraph suggest
A. The shower walls are designed for divers in the final round.
B. Olympic swimmers need to stay warm using hot tubs.
C. Athletes usually do some activities to pass the time.
D. Hot tubs are as important as showers for divers.
4. What is the author’s purpose in writing this text
A. To tell us the difference between diving and swimming.
B. To explain some little-known knowledge about divers.
C. To compare cold showers with the hot bath.
D. To provide some diving advice for us.
参考答案：
这是一篇说明文。文章主要是告诉人们跳水运动员跳水完后淋浴的主要原因。
1.词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句“I’ve never understood why athletes hurry off to the showers and then proceed to relax in a hot tub (热水浴池) after each dive.”（我一直不明白，为什么运动员每次潜水后都匆匆忙忙地去洗澡，然后proceed 在热水浴缸里放松。）可知，游泳运动员跳水完后会去洗澡，之后接着在热水浴池放松身体，可推知，划线词此处指“继续”含义，故选B。
2. 细节理解题。根据第三段中“As you can imagine, practicing dives in the pool, then having to keep your body warm in a shower, and then jumping off a 10-meter platform and into cold water couldn’t be comfortable for anyone. Going back and forth between these warm and cool temperatures can cause a diver’s muscles to tense or cramp up(痉挛)，which can lead to injuries to the muscles. Showers allow an Olympic diver to recover and prevent that.”（你可以想象，在游泳池里练习潜水，然后在淋浴时保持身体温暖，然后从10米高的平台上跳入冷水中，对任
何人来说都不会舒服。在这些温暖和凉爽的温度之间来回穿梭可能导致潜水员的肌肉紧张或抽筋，这可能导致肌肉受伤。淋浴可以让奥林匹克跳水运动员恢复并防止这种情况发生。）可知，运动员跳水，因为水的暖热温度的交替，可能会使运动员的肌肉受伤，而跳水结束后的淋浴对运动员而言，可以使运动员避免肌肉受伤情况的发生。故选C。
3.推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句“In that way, showers and hot tubs serve the same purpose. ”（这样一来，淋浴和热水浴池就起到了同样的作用。）结合倒数第二段最后一句“ Showers allow an Olympic diver to recover and prevent that.”（淋浴可以让奥林匹克跳水运动员恢复并防止这种情况发生。）可知，本段承接前文，主要说明热水浴池和淋浴的重要性是同样的。故选D。
4.推理判断题。根据第一段第一句“I’ve never understood why athletes hurry off to the showers and then proceed to relax in a hot tub (热水浴池) after each dive.”（我一直不明白，为什么运动员每次潜水后都匆匆忙忙地去洗澡，然后继续在热水浴缸里放松。）第二段最后一句“So, what’s the actual reason ”（那么，真正的原因是什么？）可知，作者写本篇文章主要是告诉人们跳水运动员跳水完后淋浴的主要原因。故选B。2024初升高英语（2020牛津译林专用：事物事理类说明文与新事物类说明文）
Step 1：知识积累之听力填词训练
During the hour-long lunchtime, I . （eat）in the school dining hall. There were lots of options including bread and butter, chicken pie and puddings, but I still missed my mum’s
（cook）! After lunch, I often played on the school’s huge sports with Daniel and his friends. Sometimes we just （relax） under a tree or sat on the grass.
After school, there were many clubs to join. The one that （attract） me most was the Rugby Club. We played （one） a week, and it was great fun. Also, I enjoyed
（act） in the Theatre Club. I still have photos of myself acting in William Shakespeare’s A Midsummer Night’s Dream. Joining clubs was a great way. （meet）British students and make friends with them.
I am glad to have the opportunity. （experience）this different way of life. I met some great people and. （learn） a lot about school life in the UK. Daniel and his family were fantastic hosts, and his friends were very nice . well. I can’t wait for Daniel to visit China!
词汇及短语归纳总结
option n.可选择的事物，选择;选修课 butter n.黄油 pudding n.甜点;布丁 attract vt.吸引，使喜爱;招引;引起(反应) rugby n.橄榄球运动 calligraphy n.书法，书法艺术 opportunity n. 时机，机会 experience n. 经历，往事；经验，阅历；传统 v. 经历，遭遇；体会到，感受到 fantastic adj. 极好的，非常棒的；极大的，极高的；不切实际的，异想天开的；奇
异的，怪诞的 sports field 运动场：一个平坦的土地区域，用于举办体育赛事。
Step 2：阅读技能事物事理类说明文与新事物类说明文——科普介绍与新兴事物
Passage A
In the demonstration(示范) video of the devices. two dancers are performing with the robotic arms on their backs.The humans and machines move together in the performance. The dancers come together and move in similar ways either leading or following the robot arms. Inami said some wearers grow attached(依恋的)to the arms after some time.“Taking them off after using them for a while feels a little sad. That's where they're a little different to other tools."he said.
1. What can we know from the third paragraph
A. The two dancers move in different ways.
B. Some users form attachment to the arms.
C. Getting used to the arms needs a long time.
D. The wearers think the arms are similar to other tools.
Passage B
Anna Hogg of the University of Leeds in Britain was one of the researchers. When speaking about the dropping ice, she said, "It's going to take tens of years for the dropping ice to recover(恢复).There's no method to replace it."She told a group of reporters, “It will certainly take a long time,even if it's possible.”
2. What does Anna Hogg try to tell us in Paragraph 3
A. It is possible to replace sea ice.
B. It is difficult for sea ice to recover.
C.It is impossible for sea ice to recover.
D.It is important to replace sea ice.
Passage C
The system is called ATLAS. It can search the whole sky several times each night looking for
Near-Earth Objects(NEOs,近地天体）.When they enter Earth's atmosphere(大气层），most of the NEOs will burn up before reaching the planet's surface. But scientists are worried about larger NEOs up to 50 meters in size. Such objects could bring harmful results to areas they hit.
3. Which of the following is TRUE about NEOs
A. Most of them are not risky to Earth.
B. Most of them are harmful to our planet.
C. Most of them are over 50 meters in size.
D. Most of them can't be seen by telescopes.
1：何为事物事理类说明文
说明文分为事物说明文和事理说明文两大类。但是，有时在一篇说明文中，介绍事物与阐释事理往往是交错使用的。事物事理类说明文是以说明为主要表达方式来解说事物、阐明事理而给人知识的文章体裁。它通过揭示概念来说明事物特征、本质及其规律性。说明文一般介绍事物的形状、构造、类别、关系、功能，解释事物的原理、成因、特点、演变等。
2：概念
（1）事物说明文的说明对象是具体事物。通过对具体事物的形状、构造、性质、特点、用途等作客观而准确的说明，使读者了解、认识这个或这类事物。
（2）事理说明文的说明对象是某个抽象事理。
事物说明文是对事物进行详细介绍的文体形式,而事理说明文是对道理进行详细介绍的文体形式.区别是前者针对事物, 后者针对道理。
3：说明方法
★分类法（by classification）★比较法（by comparison）★举例法（by example）
★程序法（by process）★因果法（by cause and effect）★定义法（by definition）
★时序法（by following the order of time）★重要性法（by importance,）
★分析原因法（by analyzing cause）★引入数据或研究（by using data or mentioning some studies）★描述法（by description）
4：解题重点关注
正确选项与说明对象密切相关没有明显转折;看段首段尾
有转折;递进;实际上:
有因果;看转折递进因果之后内容
5：何为新事物类说明文——对于新兴事物的科普介绍；涵盖新观点；新科技；新技术
6：两点基本认识
1、新事物一定具有旧事物不可比拟的优越性。也许新事物暂时并不完美，但是它一定有更好的发展潜力，也会在未来对我们的生活带来积极的改变。
2、新事物一定会和旧事物长期共存。任何新旧交替都不能在短期内一蹴而就，而是需要漫长的人们了解、认知、熟悉、接受的过程。所以断言新事物一定取代旧事物是不合理的，即便新事物比旧事物优越很多。
7：明显标志词
在文章看到这些时候，你要有基本的意识，这篇文章可能是新事物类说明文。
用于体现“新”的：new、up-to-date、in the near future …
用于体现“发明革新”的：invention、innovation …
用于体现“梦想成真”的：dream comes true、dream turns into reality …
用于体现“旧”与“新”进行对比的：old、traditional、conventional …
8：新事物类说明文最重要的内容
1、新事物是什么？
2、相较于旧事物，新事物有什么作用和优越性？
3、新事物目前有什么局限性需要日后不断改进？
9：主旨题
一篇文章通常是围绕一个中心思想展开的。不少文章一开头便展示出文章的主题，特别是新闻报道，第一小段通常是故事的梗概，这一段往往表达了文章的中心思想;在文章的段落中，则通常由开头的一句作为主题句(topic sentence)来概括该段的中心思想。主题句一般具有三个特点:
1．表述的意思比较概括，相对主题句来看，这种概括性更为明显。
2．句子结构较简单，多数都不采用长、难句的形式。
3．段落中其他的句子必定是用来解释、支撑或发展主题句所表述的主题思想。
10：寻找主题句的6个微技能
(1) Now(如今)New （新的）…暗示本文即将要讲的事很有可能与以往不同。
(2) 表转折的词。段落中出现but, however, actually, while, in fact, on the contrary, in contrast等时，其后的内容往往是作者真正要表达的观点。
(3)表总结的词。如therefore, thus, in short, conclude, in conclusion等词后内容也可能是主题。
(4)多次重复的词。如果一篇文章中多次出现某个词，该词往往是体现文章主旨的关键词。
(5) 若首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的回答很可能就是文章的主旨。
(6) 说明实验结论或调查结果的句子。如their studies show that…， the experiment shows that…， scientists/researchers have found that…或there is evidence suggesting that… 中that从句的内容通常就是主旨。也可能是主题。
Passage A
While it is impossible to live completely free of stress, it is possible to prevent stress as well as reduce its effect when it can’t be avoided. The US Department of Health and Human Services offers the following suggestions for ways to deal with stress.
1：What is most probably the writer’s purpose in writing the article
A. To release his or her wrong pressure.
B. To help solve the universal problem of stress.
C. To reduce his or her anxiety.
D. To have more people cry out.
Passage B
For travel expert and author La Carmina, slow travel allows people to stop and smell the roses-quite directly. “It’s about being fully present in the moment and experiencing the sights, sounds and sensations (感觉) around you completely “letting the experience develop at its own speed and
without expectations,” she said. “To me, slow travel doesn’t have a strict definition or certain things to do, but rather focuses on the feeling of being a visitor to a place.”
Slow travel is becoming more and more popular now, because it can do good to us in many ways.
2. What does La Carmina think of slow travel
A. It can let travelers experience the place deeply.
B. It can make travelers save a lot of money.
C. It can allow travelers to explore more places.
D. It can save travelers much more time.
Passage C
No business would welcome being compared to gambling (赌博). Yet that is what is happening to makers of video games. For years parents have complained that their children are “addicted” to their video games and smartphones. Today, however, even more doctors are using the term. On January 1 this year, “gaming disorder” — in which games are played uncontrollably, despite causing harm — gained recognition from the World Health Organization (WHO).
3. What do we know from Paragraph 1
A. It is not suitable to compare video games to gambling.
B. Parents complain about their children’s addiction to gambling.
C. Gaming addiction was officially recognized as a disease.
D. More doctors are against the use of the term “addicted”.
Passage D
Plastic is low-cost and long-lasting. It is not easily degraded(降解) because natural degradation processes can’t deal with its chemical components(成分). It takes in other ocean-present harmful substances. These chemical and dangerous components are gradually got into the atmosphere with additives such as color, which turns out to be really harmful when the plastic breaks down.
The design and development of new plastic products was sped up after World War II. Life without plastic seemed impossible in the modern age. But even though plastic was quite convenient, the dark side of it was seen as people began to enjoy the throw-away community. Many plastic products, such as plastic bags, have a lifetime of a few minutes to hours. However, they’ll stay in
the environment for hundreds of years. We are destroying the very world that nurtured us.
Just 9% of plastic has been recycled and 12% burnt after production rose in the 1950s, which leave s about 79% of the 8.3 billion tons produced sitting in landfills(垃圾填埋场) or damaging our fields, oceans, and waterways. And each year the plastic ends up as contaminants. So to beat plastic pollution, we need to work together.
While plastic burning reduces the amount of waste dumped into oceans and lands, harmful gases are still produced, which also leads to greenhouse gases. However, if we make a firm decision and use modern waste management methods, we will be able to create a safe and healthy world. It is high time that we as responsible global citizens, took on the duty of protecting our environment and made great effort in saving our mother earth, instead of just leaving everything to our government. So, ladies and gentlemen, let’s make a promise to successfully deal with plastic waste and protect our world from all possible risks.
28. What is Paragraph 1 mainly about
A. The harm of plastic. B. The convenience of plastic.
C. The protection of plastic. D. The use of plastic.
29. Which word can best describe the writer’s feeling in Paragraph 2
A. Happy. B. Worried. C. Excited. D. Relaxed.
30. What does the underlined word “contaminants” in Paragraph 3 mean
A. Things that cause pollution. B. Things that produce plastic.
C. Things that cost money. D. Things that help people.
31. From which is the text most probably taken
A. A short story. B. A speech. C. A newspaper. D. A notice.
Passage A
Terrafugia Inc. said Monday that its new flying car has completed its first flight, bringing the company closer to its goal of selling the flying car within the next year. The vehicle – named the Transition – has two seats, four wheels and wings that fold up so it can be driven like a car. The Transition, which flew at 1,400 feet for eight minutes last month, can reach around 70 miles per hour on the road and 115 in the air. It flies using a 23-gallon tank of gas and burns 5 gallons per
hour in the air. On the ground, it gets 35 miles per gallon.
Around 100 people have already put down a $10,000 deposit to get a Transition when they go on sale, and those numbers will likely rise after Terrafugia introduces the Transition to the public later this week at the New York Auto Show. But don’t expect it to show up in too many driveways. It’s expected to cost $279,000. And it won’t help if you’re stuck in traffic. The car needs a runway.
Inventors have been trying to make flying cars since the 1930s, according to Robert Mann, an airline industry expert. But Mann thinks Terrafugia has come closer than anyone to making the flying car a reality. The government has already permitted the company to use special materials to make it easier for the vehicle to fly. The Transition is now going through crash tests to make sure it meets federal safety standards.
Mann said Terrafugia was helped by the Federal Aviation Administration’s decision five years ago to create a separate set of standards for light sport aircraft, which are lower than those for pilots of larger planes. Terrafugia says an owner would need to pass a test and complete 20 hours of flying time to be able to fly the Transition, a requirement pilots would find relatively easy to meet.
1. What is the first paragraph mainly about
A. The basic data of the Transition. B. The advantages of flying cars.
C. The potential market for flying cars. D. The designers of the Transition.
2. Why is the Transition unlikely to show up in too many driveways
A. It causes traffic jams. B. It is difficult to operate.
C. It is very expensive. D. It burns too much fuel.
3. What is the government’s attitude to the development of the flying car
A. Cautious. B. Favorable. C. Ambiguous. D. Disapproving.
4. What is the best title for the text
A. Flying Car at Auto Show B. The Transition’s First Flight
C. Pilots’ Dream Coming True D. Flying Car Closer to Reality
Passage B
Getting less sleep has become a bad habit for most American kids. According to a new survey(调查)by the National Sleep Foundation, 51% of kids aged 10 to 18 go to bed at 10 pm or later on school nights, even though they have to get up early. Last year the Foundation
reported that nearly 60% of 7- to 12-year-olds said they felt tired during the day, and 15% said they had fallen asleep at school.
How much sleep you need depends a lot on your age. Babies need a lot of rest; most of them sleep about 18 hours a day! Adults need about eight hours. For most school-age children, ten hours is ideal(理想的). But the new National Sleep Foundation survey found that 35% of 10- to 12-year-olds get only seven or eight hours. And guess what almost half of the surveyed kids said they do before bedtime Watch TV.
"More children are going to bed with TVs on, and there are more opportunities(机会)to stay awake, with more homework, the Internet and the phone," says Dr. Mary Carskadon, a sleep researcher at Brown University Medical School. She says these activities at bedtime can get kids all excited and make it hard for them to calm down and sleep. Other experts say part of the problem is chemical. Changing levels of body chemicals called hormones not only make teenagers’ bodies develop adult characteristics, but also make it hard for teenagers to fall asleep before 11 pm.
Because sleepiness is such a problem for teenagers, some school districts have decided to start high school classes later than they used to. Three years ago, schools in Edina, Minnesota, changed the start time from 7:25 am to 8:30 am. Students, parents and teachers are pleased with the results.
1.What is the new National Sleep Foundation survey on
A. American kids’ sleeping habits.
B. Teenagers’ sleep-related diseases.
C. Activities to prevent sleeplessness.
D. Learning problems and lack of sleep.
2.How many hours of sleep do 11-year-olds need every day
A.7 hours. B.8 hours. C.10 hours. D.18 hours.
3.Why do teenagers go to sleep late according to Carskadon
A. They are affected by certain body chemicals.
B. They tend to do things that excite them.
C. They follow their parents’ examples.
D. They don’t need to go to school early.
Step 3：课后作业之听力训练+题型演练
第一节(共5 小题; 每小题 1.5分,满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1．Where are the speakers
A．At home. B．In a classroom. C．In a hospital.
2．What did the man buy
A．A magazine. B．A dictionary. C．A storybook.
3．What are the speakers talking about
A．The man's weekend plans. B．The man's school life. C．The man's friends.
4．What is John
A．A student. B．A teacher. C．A worker.
5．When will the football match take place
A．On Tuesday. B．On Friday. C．On Sunday.
第二节（共15小题，每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6．What is the woman doing
A．Booking a table. B．Calling her friend. C．Applying for a restaurant job.
7．When will the woman come for dinner
A．At 6:00. B．At 7 :00. C．At 8 :00.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8．Which city did the man come from
A．Chicago. B．Boston. C．New York.
9．What is the man looking for
A．A coat. B．A letter. C．A passport.
10．How does the man probably feel now
A．Sad B．Dissatisfied. C．Excited.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11．What is the woman good at
A．Skiing. B．Singing. C．Swimming.
12．What does the woman like doing in summer holidays
A．Playing the guitar. B．Going to the mountains. C．Swimming m the sea.
13．What is the woman's favorite subject
A．Maths. B．Geography. C．History.
听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。
14．What is the probable relationship between the speakers
A．Salesperson and customer. B．Homeowner and cleaner.
C．Husband and wife.
15．What kind of apartment do the speakers prefer
A．One with two bedrooms. B．One without furniture.
C．One near a market.
16．How much rent should one pay for the one-bedroom apartment
A．$350. B．$400. C．$415.
17．Where is the apartment the speakers would like to see
A．On Lake Street. B．On Market. C．On South Street.
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18．What is probably blocking the entryway
A．A car. B．A bus. C．A taxi.
19．How long can a car be parked at most in the west side
A．10 minutes. B．15 minutes. C．30 minutes.
20．What will the speaker do with the Ford Taurus in ten minutes
A．Have it removed. B．Give the owner a ticket. C．Call the owner’s company.
Passage A
Exercise helps to keep us in good health. Doctors at the American Heart Association suggest getting at least 150 minutes of proper physical activity every week. Many people exercise for a few minutes every day or every other day. So, getting 150 minutes every week is easy.
But what about those times when you are sick If you do not feel well, should you keep following your exercise habit Health experts answer these and other questions.
Edward R. Laskowski is a doctor at the Mayo Clinic. He and other experts have a general rule of yes about exercising when you are sick. It is usually fine to exercise, he explains, if your symptoms （症状）are all “above the neck". These signs may include a runny nose, a blocked nose, sneezing or a minor sore throat.
Geralyn Coopersmith is a physical fitness trainer who has written several books on exercise and nutrition. Both Coopersmith and Dr. Laskowski suggest taking a break from exercising if signs of your illness appear "below the neck". Pay special attention to symptoms such as chest congestion, extreme cough or pain in the stomach.
There are other symptoms that can tell you to avoid exercise. They include: a higher than normal body temperature, a sense of feeling extremely tired, and widespread muscle pain.
Both Coopersmith and Dr. Laskowski suggest listening to your body. If you feel really bad, take a break and let your body rest. If you don't feel too bad, these experts both suggest reducing the amount of exercise. For example, if you usually run, take a quick walk instead.
1. How long should people do exercise to keep healthy
A. About 150 minutes per day. B. Around 100 minutes per day.
C. At least 150 minutes per week. D. No more than 100 minutes per week.
2. When will Edward R. Laskowski say no to exercise
A. When your left leg is broken. B. When you have a runny noses.
C. When you have a blocked nose. D. When you have a minor sore throat.
3. What is the meaning of "listening to your body” in Paragraph 6
A. Be careful with your cars. B. Learn to take advice of others.
C. Pay attention to body signals. D. Listen to music to keep healthy.
4. What will the writer be likely to agree with
A. Practice makes perfect. B. Nothing seek, nothing find.
C. Put your heart into exercise. D. Act according to your abilities.
Passage B
As much as I love watching Olympic diving, I’ve never understood why athletes hurry off to the showers and then proceed to relax in a hot tub (热水浴池) after each dive. They’re already wet. They’re only in the pool for a handful of seconds, so it’s not like they need to get cleaned up. And doesn’t taking a shower serve the same purpose as sitting in a hot tub
Actually, that’s what Olympic divers usually do between dives as they know very well about the importance of warm-ups and cool-downs. So, what’s the actual reason
As it turns out, showers and hot tubs are used pretty interchangeably by the swimming pool. However, there is a need for both. First, let’s start with why divers need to take a shower between dives. It has to do with body temperature and keeping their muscles relaxed.As you can imagine, practicing dives in the pool, then having to keep your body warm in a shower, and then jumping off a 10-meter platform and into cold water couldn’t be comfortable for anyone. Going back and forth between these warm and cool temperatures can cause a diver’s muscles to tense or cramp up(痉挛)，which can lead to injuries to the muscles. Showers allow an Olympic diver to recover and prevent that.
In that way, showers and hot tubs serve the same purpose. A hot tub is generally used if you have a bit more time between dives and have already stretched. The shower walls on the pool deck can typically provide enough space for more divers at the same time, and they’re especially helpful for athletes who need to stretch or who only have a few minutes be tween dives. Just like Olympic swimmers depend on thick clothes to keep their muscles warm, Olympic divers rely on these methods to stay loose. If you ask me, it’s not a bad way to pass the time!
1. What does the underlined word “proceed” in Paragraph 1 mean
A. Fail. B. Continue. C. Stop. D. Afford.
2. Why do the athletes need showers after diving
A. To fully clean their body.
B. To rest and wait for the results.
C. To avoid possible muscle injuries.
D. To stop themselves from catching a cold.
3. What does the last paragraph suggest
A. The shower walls are designed for divers in the final round.
B. Olympic swimmers need to stay warm using hot tubs.
C. Athletes usually do some activities to pass the time.
D. Hot tubs are as important as showers for divers.
4. What is the author’s purpose in writing this text
A. To tell us the difference between diving and swimming.
B. To explain some little-known knowledge about divers.
C. To compare cold showers with the hot bath.
D. To provide some diving advice for us.

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