资源简介 高考专项复习---名词一、名词的定义及分类1. 名词的定义名词(Noun)是指表示人、事物、地点、动植物、事件、抽象概念等的词。例如:teacher(教师)、apple(苹果)、park(公园)、dog(狗)、happiness(幸福)。2. 名词的分类(1) 专有名词(Proper Nouns)表示特定的人、地点、机构等,首字母通常大写。例如:China(中国)、Tom(汤姆)、UN(联合国)。(2) 普通名词(Common Nouns)普通名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词:可数名词(Countable Nouns):可以数得清的名词,有单复数形式。例如:book(书)→ books(书)。不可数名词(Uncountable Nouns):不可以数得清的名词,没有复数形式。例如:water(水)、information(信息)。二、名词的单复数形式1. 规则变化:通常直接加-s:girl → girls以-s, -x, -ch, -sh结尾的名词,加-es:bush → bushes以辅音字母加-y结尾的名词,变-y为-i,再加-es:city → cities2. 不规则变化:man → menwoman → womenchild → childrenfoot → feettooth → teethmouse → mice3. 特殊情况:以-f或-fe结尾的名词,有些变-f或-fe为v,再加-es:leaf → leaves,wife → wives少数名词只有单数形式:news(新闻),furniture(家具)少数名词只有复数形式:scissors(剪刀),trousers(裤子)三、名词性从句1. 名词性从句的定义:名词性从句是指在句中起名词作用的从句,可以作主语、宾语、表语或同位语。2. 名词性从句的引导词:that引导的名词性从句,通常不作句子成分,只起连接作用。what引导的名词性从句,表示“……的事物”。whether和if引导的名词性从句,表示“是否”。其他引导词如who, whom, which, whose等,引导限定解释从句。3. 名词性从句的例句:主语从句:What she said surprised everyone.宾语从句:I don't know whether he will come.表语从句:The fact is that they have already left.同位语从句:The question whether we should go was discussed.四、抽象名词具体化1. 抽象名词具体化是一种表达技巧,即通过将抽象的概念、情感或状态具体化,使其更形象、生动,以便读者或听者能够更直观地理解和感受。这种方法在写作中非常常见,尤其是在文学作品、文章或者演讲中。2. 抽象名词具体化示例成功(Success)失败(Failure)幸福(Happiness)勇气(Courage)(2022年高考模拟题):His success in the experiment brought new hope to the team.(2020年高考全国卷II改编):Despite his repeated failure, he never gave up on his dream.五、抽象地点名词常见的抽象地点名词有: point, case, activity, situation, position, occasion, job, race, letter, platform, letter, email, policy, environment 等等。eg.She is living a life where she has a duty.There always comes the point, however, where you want to move on from friendly banter and get down to business.He got into a situation where it is hard to decide what is wrong and right. 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源预览