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高二下学期英语外研版（2019）期末达标测试卷A卷
【分值：150分 时间：120分钟】
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1.When will the speakers leave for the zoo
A. At 8:15. B. At 9:45. C. At 10:30.
2.How did the man go to meet the woman
A. By taxi. B. By bus. C. On foot.
3.What will the woman do next
A. Check her eyes B. Have a rest. C. Read a book.
4.What does the woman dislike about the second pair of shoes
A. Their size. B. Their color. C. Their style.
5.What are the speakers mainly talking about
A. Driving. B. Swimming. C. Drawing.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6.What are the speakers using to find their way at first
A. A map. B. A phone. C. Instructions.
7.Which place are the speakers trying to find
A. A restaurant. B. A shop. C. A farm.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8.Where can the man put his bag
A. On the desk. B. In the locker. C. Behind the door.
9.What should the man do after getting into the exam hall
A. Show his student ID card.
B. Turn off the mobile phone.
C. Find his examination number on the desk.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10.How does the woman feel about the festival
A. Bored. B. Disappointed. C. Interested.
11.Why does the man prefer the afternoon show
A. It is more exciting.
B. It is suitable for his brother.
C. It has his favorite band.
12.What will the woman do tomorrow afternoon
A. See a film. B. Do her work. C. Go to the music festival.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13.What is the probable relationship between the speakers
A. Co-workers.
B. Employer and employee.
C. Interviewer and interviewee.
14.Where does Robert live now
A. In America. B. In England. C. In India.
15.What did Robert's company mainly develop at first
A. Office software
B. Apps for education.
C. Apps for amusement.
16.What is Robert's aim for the future
A. To change people's lifestyles.
B. To stand out from the competition.
C. To produce more kinds of smartphones.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17.Which date was Van Gogh born on
A. March 30. B. March 20. C. March 13.
18.What did Van Gogh do when he was 15
A. He began to learn French.
B. He decided to be an artist.
C. He started to work.
19.Which country did Van Gogh move to in 1886
A. France. B. Germany. C. Britain.
20.How did Theo support Van Gogh according to the talk
A. He made paintings for Van Gogh.
B. He sold Van Gogh's paintings to others.
C. He bought Van Gogh's works from others.
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Connected to each other like never before, young people today are becoming agents of change, increasingly contributing to innovative solutions that improve people's lives and the planet's health.
The United Nations Institute for Training and Research is therefore delighted to launch the Young Leaders Online Training Programme, a four-week e-Learning course, to provide participants with the knowledge and skills to fully unfold their potential as global leaders.
◆CONTENT
◇Online Learning Modules
Module 1: The United Nations (3-9 June 2024)
Module 2: Conference Diplomacy (外交) (10-16 June 2024)
Module 3: Sustainable Development Goals (17-23 June 2024)
Module 4: International Communication (24-30 June 2024)
Each module will comprise about 30 pages of literature, external links, videos, and other relevant material, corresponding to a total workload of 40-45 hours during the four weeks.
◇Live Components
Each e-Learning module will go with a series of live meetings with UN experts. These will have varying lengths and formats, including e-workshops, mock (模拟的) interviews, etc.
◆COMPLETION REQUIREMENTS
Participants are qualified for a course certificate upon successful completion of the components below:
◇Reading the four modules' content.
You may wish to study the material through the interactive programme Articulate Storyline or simply download the PDF version of the content. They are identical in content and are meant to give participants flexibility in the way to study.
◇Participation in the discussion board forums (论坛).
You are supposed to answer questions on every module in short texts. Your posts will be evaluated according to both quantity and quality.
◇Passing the multiple-choice assessments.
Each module features an assessment quiz at its end. It contains 10 questions, and passing the module requires at least 8 out of 10 questions correctly answered.
21. What is the main aim of the course
A. To improve the lives of young people.
B. To connect the youth around the world.
C. To collect innovative ideas from young people.
D. To build up the youth's global leadership ability.
22. What will participants do in each module
A. Read great works of literature. B. Spend 40-45 hours on learning.
C. Make videos for the United Nations. D. Have online meetings with UN experts.
23. To get a course certificate, a participant needs to ______.
A. take part in the discussions B. post questions on each module
C. copy the PDF version of the content D. answer all the test questions correctly
B
Kala has deep ties to her Hawaiian roots. Her ancestors navigated (航行) the oceans for centuries using their knowledge of the stars, the sun, the currents and the wind. It's not that she does it in a canoe without technology, but rather uses the natural technology around her. It's called Way finding, and was taught to her by her father.
"My father was my foundation, my rock." she says of her first voyage with him from Oahu to Lahaina in a traditional canoe. He taught her how to read the stars, the ocean swells and how to use them to hold the course. "Over 200 stars have specific names and purposes when you are Way finding. You have to look at each and determine if they are rising or setting. You know this star and the direction it represents. If you can do that, you can use it as a tool to orient (确定方向)." Kala added.
Kala Tanaka sailed the canoe in the ocean for up to three weeks. During the day, Kala used the sun until it hit a certain height. When she got closer to land, she looked for certain species of land birds and clouds that indicated there was land below. When Kala sailed, she felt "I feel very connected to the crew and the canoe. We're a family." The longer voyage required Kala to spend hours studying the day and the night skies. It was demanding physical work. But it also had its moments of awe. For Kala, the beauty was in tying together the past and the present to enjoy the moment. So when she was not sailing, she was teaching Way finding skills to school-aged children in hopes of preserving the skills her ancestors relied on.
It's easy to be lost in the immediacy of the technology of our day, to be consumed by screens and miss the nature that unfolds around us. But if we will take the time to look up, to see the stars and the sun, the way the clouds move, the miracle of life beneath and above us, we will discover something deep inside us, something that will always lead to happiness.
24. How does Kala navigate the ocean in a canoe
A. By observing the natural elements around.
B. By following the course of ocean currents.
C. By using hi-technology navigation devices.
D. By recalling the first voyage with her father.
25. What did Kala think of the three-week canoe voyage
A. It was a heroic adventure.
B. It brought great joy to her life.
C. It was school children's favorite.
D. It represented a kind of innovation.
26. What does the author suggest we do
A. Enjoy the screens. B. Explore the universe.
C. Get close to nature. D. Keep the earth clean.
27. What is the best title of the text
A. Finding Our Way B. Navigating the Ocean
C. The Wisdom from Ancestors D. An Unforgettable Journey
C
Elon Musk isn't content with electric cars, shooting people into orbit and populating Mars. He also wants to get inside your brain.
His goal is to develop devices that can provide treatment to neural (神经的) diseases and that may one day be powerful enough to put humanity on an equal footing with possible future super intelligent computers.
Not that it's anywhere close to that yet.
In a video Friday obviously aimed at seeking new employees, Musk showed off the second version of the Neuralink, a device about the size of a large coin. It's designed to be put in a person's head. An earlier version of the device has to be placed behind an ear like a huge hearing aid.
But the young company is far from having a commercial product, which would involve complex human trials and governmental approval. Friday's video showed three pigs. One, named Gertrude, had a Neuralink device in its brain.
Musk, a founder of both the electric car company Tesla Motors and the space-exploration firm SpaceX, has always been worried about that smarter AI machines will outwit humans. His solution Link our brains to computers so we can keep up with or even win over them in intelligence!
Musk urged coders (程序员), engineers and especially people who have actually created a product to apply. "You don't need to have brain experience," he said, adding that this is something that can be learned on the job.
Connecting a brain up directly to electronics is not new. Doctors have already put similar devices in brains to treat such conditions as Parkinson's disease. In 2016, researchers reported that a man regained some movement in his own hand with a similar brain implant. But Musk's proposal goes beyond this. Neuralink wants to build on those existing medical treatments and work on devices that could link our brains to computers one day.
28. What can we learn about the first version of the Neuralink
A. It is smaller than a hearing aid.
B. It can be put in a person's head.
C. It has to be placed behind the ear.
D. It is already available at the market.
29. Which of the following can replace the underlined word “outwit” in paragraph 6
A. copy B. defeat C. understand D. destroy
30. What kind of candidates does Elon Musk particularly want
A. Someone who also wants to create the same device.
B. Doctors who already know how to treat brain diseases.
C. People who have already designed some unique products.
D. Engineers who are good at linking brains to computers.
31. Where is this text likely from
A. An advertisement. B. A test report.
C. A science fiction novel. D. A news report.
D
The climate crisis may lead the human race to shrink in size, as mammals with smaller frames appear better able to deal with rising global temperatures, a leading fossil expert has said.
Prof Steve Brusatte, a palaeontologist (古生物学家) at the University of Edinburgh, suggested the way other mammals have previously responded to periods of climate change could offer an insight into humans' future.
He described the potential plight (困境) of people as similar to that of early horses, which became smaller in body size as temperatures rose around 55m years ago.
Writing in The Rise and Reign of the Mammals, Brusatte notes that animals in warmer parts of the world today are often smaller than those in colder areas, an ecological principle known as Bergmann's rule. "The reasons are not entirely understood, but it is probably, in part, because smaller animals have a higher surface area relative to their volume than plumper animals and can thus better shed (去除) excess heat," he writes.
Brusatte said that becoming smaller was "a common way that mammals deal with climate change". He added: "That's not to say every species of mammal would get smaller, but it seems to be a common survival trick of mammals when temperatures spike pretty quickly, which does raise the question: if temperatures do spike really quickly, might humans get smaller And I think that's certainly reasonable.
In a recent study, researchers studying human remains over the past million years have also suggested that temperature is a major predictor of body size variation, while scientists studying red deer have said that warmer winters in northern Europe and Scandinavia may lead to the body size of these animals becoming smaller.
However, not all experts agree that rising temperature causes mammals to shrink. Prof Adrian Lister, of the Natural History Museum in London, said the relationship shown by the recent human remains study is weak, while the strong correlations between temperature and mammal body size may often be down to the availability of food and resources.
Lister is also sceptical that humans will shrink as the climate heats. "We are not really controlled by natural selection," he said. "If that was going to happen, you'd need to find large people dying before they could reproduce because of climate warming. That is not happening in today's world. We wear clothes, we have got heating, and we have got air conditioning if it is too hot."
32.According to Brusatte, early horses got smaller in body size in order to
A. keep warm B. avoid hunters C. stay cool D. keep balance
33.What does the underlined word "spike" probably mean
A. Fall. B. Go up. C. Remain steady. D. Change.
34.What is the author's attitude towards the new finding
A. Objective. B. Indifferent. C. Confused. D. Positive.
35.What's the author's purpose of writing the text
A. To demonstrate the relationship between nature and people's lifestyle.
B. To cast light on the potential impact of changed mammal body size.
C. To introduce the correlations between climate change and human body size.
D. To warn people of the survival crisis mammals are faced with.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
When you need to find a solution to a design problem, you could ask yourself, "What animals or plants face a similar problem in their lives, and how do they handle it " 36 Termites (白蚁) in Africa control the temperature and air currents in their nests by having thick walls and air spaces in the top part. The Eastgate Centre in Harare, Zimbabwe was designed in a similar way, with thick overhangs shading the windows, and all the offices connected to a big chimney letting hot air escape. This allows it to stay cool while using much less air-conditioning. 37
Engineer Nakatsu also asked himself the same question. 38 A keen birdwatcher, Nakatsu realised that kingfishers also experience an abrupt pressure change when diving into the water, but their beaks allow them to pierce through the water smoothly. His team found that putting a long, pointed nose on the train greatly reduced the loud booms in the tunnel and allowed it to run faster.
Having a big picture of the world we live in also helps us understand how technology can be used to protect instead of destroy it. 39 On the other hand, plastic packaging creates a lot of waste and pollution. One company has come up with an alternative material made of com husk waste and some big companies are starting to use it.
40 Nakatsu worries that children today do not have the opportunity to touch and feel nature. He advises that students in university should study more than one narrow field so that they do not just have one fixed way of thinking.
A. In nature, everything gets recycled.
B. To mimic (模仿) nature, we must be familiar with it.
C. It turns out that natural beauty often has a logical reason behind it.
D. Large cities full of people are often compared to ants' colonies (群).
E. This idea was used to arrange hundreds of mirrors at a solar power plant.
F. It could be a good solution for the hot and crowded cities in Southeast Asia too.
G. His problem was that the pressure from a bullet train rushing into a tunnel at high speed caused loud noises.
第三部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Blake loved science. Super Science Week was going to be the best week ever because he was 41 an experiment to his third-grade classmates.
"For my experiment, I'm going to 42 an egg in water," Blake announced to his class. He poured salt into a glass of water and then dropped an egg in. But the egg didn't 43 upright in the middle of the glass.
"Look, Blake's blushing!" Kate screamed from the back row. Blake looked 44 to Mrs. Watson. The teacher wiped the tears from his face and said, " 45 trying!"
The next morning, Blake put on his Mickey Mouse ears. Everyone laughed, and his face 46 .
"Mouse ears are your science experiment " Perry asked.
"No, blushing is! Charles Darwin called blushing the most 47 of all expressions. Other animals do not blush," Blake said.
"Blushing is 48 by an overactive nervous system." Blake added. He walked around the classroom, giving each classmate a 49 look at his red face. Then he put up a card showing blood vessels (血管). The class gathered around to 50 his painting.
"When you feel 51 ," Blake said, "your emotions cause you to blush. There's no way to control it. It's a (an) 52 part of being human, so the best thing you can do is accept it unless you'd rather be a (an) 53 ." At it, the class applauded.
Blake walked proudly back to his seat. His red face 54 the whole classroom. Science was his 55 !
41.A. recommending B. presenting C. designing D. advocating
42.A. stand B. put C. drop D. harvest
43.A. appear B. hide C. break D. stay
44.A. fearlessly B. helplessly C. attentively D. confusedly
45.A. Keep B. Stop C. Avoid D. Enjoy
46.A. froze B. hurt C. burned D. paled
47.A. distant B. nervous C. natural D. human
48.A. caused B. controlled C. overwhelmed D. disguised
49.A. rougher B. quicker C. closer D. longer
50.A. distinguish B. admire C. identify D. evaluate
51.A. frustration B. appreciation C. improvement D. embarrassment
52.A. unusual B. unique C. normal D. essential
53.A. monkey B. egg C. fool D. failure
54.A. matched up B. buried in C. met with D. lit up
55.A. major B. subject C. thing D. course
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Chinese astronauts in Tiangong space station opened a science lecture on December 9th, 2021 as they traveled around 56 Earth.
There 57 (be) a lecture and some interesting activities on that exciting day. First, Zhai Zhigang, Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu, all members of the Shenzhou XIII mission crew, greeted students, teachers and other participants as the lecture began at 3:40 pm. They then showed viewers the place 58 they live and work. The astronauts carried out experiments 59 (show) interesting physical phenomena (现象) in space, 60 (include) "disappearing buoyancy (浮力)" and a "water ball". At last, before the end of the livestreamed activities, they 61 (happy) answered questions from students. 62 (million) of primary and middle school students across China watched the 60-minute televised event, which was the first lecture of the Tiangong Class, China' s first extraterrestrial (地球大气圈外的) lecture series to make students interested 63 space science.
The manned space agency said that more lectures would 64 (hold) based on the country's manned spaceflights and would also be presented by some 65 (profession) Chinese astronauts. Such activities are intended to spread knowledge about manned spaceflights for science among young people.
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
假定你是某国际学校的学生会主席李华。由于刚刚搬入新校区，你校准备组织一个主题为"Tour the New Campus"的校园游活动。请你用英语写一篇欢迎词，内容包括：
1. 表示欢迎；
2. 活动目的；
3. 活动内容。
注意：
1. 词数为80左右；
2. 不要逐句翻译，可适当增加细节以使行文连贯。
Dear teachers and fellow students,
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节（满分25分）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
It was late, about 10:15 p.m., when Janice Esposito arrived at the Bellport train station; she jumped into her Honda Odyssey and began the 20-minute drive home to her husband and seven-year-old son. She'd just returned from visiting her mother and had traveled the route many times before. She practically drove on autopilot: a left onto Station Road, then a left on Montauk Highway, and then—wham!
Out of nowhere a car T-boned Esposito's minivan, pushing her to move backward some 100 feet onto the railroad tracks. She sat in the minivan, bruised (撞伤) but mostly just knocked out by the impact and the airbags.
As it happened, Pete DiPinto was getting ready for bed. He'd just closed his book and was getting under the covers when he heard the sound of metal on metal and breaking glass coming from not far outside his bedroom window. A volunteer firefighter and retired teacher, DiPinto, 64, never stopped to think. He grabbed a flashlight and, still dressed in his pajamas (睡衣), ran out of the door. "Any firefighter would have done what I did," he told Newsday. "We're always on duty."
The first car he came upon, 2,000 feet from his front yard, was the one that had hit Esposito. Once DiPinto concluded the driver was OK, he looked around and sprinted to Esposito's minivan positioned on the railroad tracks.
注意：续写词数应为150左右。
Paragraph 1:
And then he heard a terrible sound: the bells signaling an oncoming train. _________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
The heavy train, traveling at 65 miles per hour, crashed into the minivan. __________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案以及解析
第一部分 听力
1—5 BCBCA 6—10 CABCC 11—15 BBCAA 16—20 BACAB
第二部分 阅读理解
第一节
A
21.答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中“a four-week e-Learning course, to provide participants with the knowledge and skills to fully unfold their potential as global leaders. (为期四周的在线学习课程，为参与者提供知识和技能，以充分发挥他们作为全球领导者的潜力。)”可知，该课程的主要目标是培养青少年的全球领导能力。故选D。
22.答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据◇Live Components下面的“Each e-Learning module will go with a series of live meetings with UN experts. (每个电子学习模块都将伴随与联合国专家的一系列现场会议。)”可知，参与者将在每个模块中与联合国专家举行在线会议。故选D。
23.答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据◆COMPLETION REQUIREMENTS中的第二条“◇Participation in the discussion board forums.”可知，为了获得课程证书，参与者需要参与讨论，故选A。
B
24.答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段“Kala has deep ties to her Hawaiian roots. Her ancestors navigated (航行) the oceans for centuries using their knowledge of the stars, the sun, the currents and the wind. It's not that she does it in a canoe without technology, but rather uses the natural technology around her. It's called Way finding, and was taught to her by her father. (卡拉与她的夏威夷根有很深的联系。她的祖先利用他们对恒星、太阳、洋流和风的知识，在海洋中航行了几个世纪。这并不是说她在独木舟上没有技术，而是利用了她周围的自然技术。这叫寻路，是她父亲教她的)”可知，卡拉利用父亲所教的自然科技Wayfinding驾独木舟航海，即通过观察周围的自然元素在海洋中航行。故选A。
25.答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段“But it also had its moments of awe. For Kala, the beauty was in tying together the past and the present to enjoy the moment. (但它也有令人敬畏的时刻。对卡拉来说，美在于把过去和现在联系在一起，享受当下)”可推知，航行让她快乐。故选B。
26.答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段“It's easy to be lost in the immediacy of the technology of our day, to be consumed by screens and miss the nature that unfolds around us. But if we will take the time to look up, to see the stars and the sun, the way the clouds move, the miracle of life beneath and above us, we will discover something deep inside us, something that will always lead to happiness. (我们很容易迷失在当今技术的直接性中，被屏幕所消耗，错过了我们周围展现的自然。但是，如果我们肯花时间抬头仰望，看看星星和太阳，看看云彩移动的方式，看看我们身下和头顶生命的奇迹，我们就会发现我们内心深处的某种东西，某种总能通向幸福的东西)”可推知，作者建议我们接近大自然。故选C。
27.答案：A
解析：主旨大意题。根据第一段中“It's called Way finding, and was taught to her by her father.(这叫寻路，是她父亲教她的)”结合全文主要叙述了卡拉利用父亲所教的自然科技Wayfinding，乘坐独木舟在海洋中航行长达三周。期间，她没用任何高科技，仅依靠对自然元素星星、太阳、水流和风的观察寻路。由此可知，A选项“寻路”最适合标题。故选A。
C
28.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“In a video Friday obviously aimed at seeking new employees, Musk showed off the second version of the Neuralink, a device about the size of a large coin. It's designed to be put in a person's head. An earlier version of the device has to be placed behind an ear like a huge hearing aid. (在周五的一段显然是 寻找新员工的视频中，Musk展示了Neuralink的第二版，一枚大硬币大小的设备。它被设计成放在一个人的大脑里面。该设备的早期版本像一个巨大的助听器一样必须被放在耳朵后面)”可知，第一版的接口必须挂在耳后。故选C。
29.答案：B
解析：词义猜测题。根据下文“His solution Link our brains to computers so we can keep up with or even win over them in intelligence! (他的解决方案？把我们的大脑和电脑连接起来，这样我们就能在智力上跟上它们，甚至战胜它们)”可推断，Elon Musk担心人工智能机器人会打败人类由此他的解决方案是将人类的大脑和电脑连接起来，这样就能跟上AI甚至打败他们。故推测划线词的意思表示“打败”，与defeat意思相近。故选B。
30.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第七段“Musk urged coders (程序员), engineers and especially people who have actually created a product to apply. (Musk敦促程序员、工程师，特别是那些实际创造了一种产品的人来申请)”可知，Elon Musk特别垂青那些有独创作品的程序员及工程师。故选C。
31.答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段“In a video Friday obviously aimed at seeking new employees, Musk showed off the second version of the Neuralink, a device about the size of a large coin. It’s designed to be put in a person's head. An earlier version of the device has to be placed behind an ear like a huge hearing aid. (在周五的一段显然是为了招聘新员工的视频中，马斯克展示了第二个版本的Neuralink，这是一种大硬币大小的设备。它被设计用来植入人的大脑。该设备的早期版本必须像一个巨大的助听器一样放在耳朵后面)”以及通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了Elon Musk在本周五演示录像中展示的产品——最新推出的Neuralink人机接口设备进行的报道和说明。由此推知，这篇文章可能来自一篇新闻报道。故选D。
D
32.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的"mammals with smaller frames appear better able to deal with rising global temperatures(体型较小的哺乳动物似乎能更好地应对全球气温上升)。根据第三段"He described the potential plight (境况，困境) of people as similar to that of early horses, which became smaller in body size as temperatures rose around 55m years ago.(他将人类的潜在困境描述为与早期马相似的困境，大约5500万年前，随着气温上升，早期马的体型变得越来越小。)"和第四段的"The reasons are not entirely understood, but it is probably, in part, because smaller animals have a higher surface area relative to their volume than plumper animals and can thus better shed (去除) excess heat(其原因尚不完全清楚，但在某种程度上，可能是因为较小的动物比丰满的动物有更大的表面积，因此可以更好地散热)"可知，早期的马体形变小是为了对抗气温升高。故选C。
33.答案：B
解析：词句猜测题。根据第一段的"mammals with smaller frames appear better able to deal with rising global temperatures(体型较小的哺乳动物似乎能更好地应对全球气温上升)"和第四段的"That's not to say every species of mammal would get smaller, but it seems to be a common survival trick of mammals when temperatures(这并不是说每一种哺乳动物都会变小，但这似乎是哺乳动物在温度……时常见的生存技巧)"可知，在温度高的地区，动物体形会变小，这是他们应对气候变化的生存技巧，因此spike意为"升高"，和go up意思相近。故选B。
34.答案：A
解析：推理判断题。本文围绕气候变化对哺乳动物体形带来的影响，呈现了两方观点：第四段"Writing in The Rise and Reign of the Mammals, Brusatte notes that animals in warmer parts of the world today are often smaller than those in colder areas, an ecological principle known as Bergmann's rule.(在《哺乳动物的崛起与统治》一书中，布鲁萨特指出，如今世界上温暖地区的动物通常比寒冷地区的动物小，这是一种被称为伯格曼法则的生态学原理。)"指出Prof Steve Brusatte认为哺乳动物为了应对气温升高而体形变小。根据倒数第二段的"However, not all experts agree that rising temperature causes mammals to shrink. Prof Adrian Lister, of the Natural History Museum in London, said the relationship shown by the recent human remains study is weak, while the strong correlations between temperature and mammal body size may often be down to the availability of food and resources.(然而，并不是所有的专家都同意温度上升会导致哺乳动物萎缩。伦敦自然历史博物馆的Adrian Lister教授说，最近的人类遗骸研究显示的这种关系很弱，而温度和哺乳动物体型之间的强相关性可能往往取决于食物和资源的可获得性。)"可知，Prof Adrian Lister持质疑观点。因此，作者只是客观陈述他人的观点，因此作者的态度应是客观的。故选A。
35.答案：C
解析：推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的"The climate crisis may lead the human race to shrink in size, as mammals with smaller frames appear better able to deal with rising global temperatures, a leading fossil expert has said.(一位著名化石专家称，气候危机可能导致人类体型缩小，因为体型较小的哺乳动物似乎能更好地应对全球气温上升。)"可知，文章第一段提出气候危机可能导致人类体形变小，第二段至第六段讲到由Prof Steve Brusatte的研究发现气温是导致哺乳动物体形变化的主要因素。最后两段提到Prof Adrian Lister持质疑观点， 认为人类体形变化主要与食物和资源变化有关，因此作者写文章的目的是介绍气候变化与人体尺寸之间的相关性。故选C。
第二节
36. 答案：D
解析：根据上文When you need to find a solution to a design problem, you could ask yourself, "What animals or plants face a similar problem in their lives, and how do they handle it "(当你需要找到一个设计问题的解决方案时,你可以问自己, "哪些动物或植物在生活中面临类似的问题,它们如何处理 ")和下文"Termites (白蚁) in Africa control the temperature and air currents in their nests by having thick walls and air spaces in the top part(非洲的白蚁通过在其巢穴顶部有厚壁和空气空间来控制温度和气流)"可知,上文提出遇到设计问题时可以想象面临类似问题的动植物,下文则提到了非洲白蚁巢穴的特点。由此推知,空处内容应与建筑和蚂蚁相关。D项"人口众多的大城市经常被比作蚂蚁的聚居地"符合题意,开启下文, ants呼应下文termites。故选D。
37. 答案：F
解析：空处位于段末,应承接上文。根据上文"The Eastgate Centre in Harare, Zimbabwe was designed in a similar way, with thick overhangs shading the windows, and all the offices connected to a big chimney letting hot air escape. This allows it to stay cool while using much less air-conditioning. (津巴布韦哈拉雷的Eastgate中心也采用了类似的设计方法,厚实的悬架遮蔽窗户,所有的办公室都连接到一个大烟囱,让热空气逸出。这使得它在使用更少的空调的同时保持凉爽)"可知,这种类似白蚁巢穴的设计适用于炎热地带的城市。由此推知,空处继续陈述这种设计的应用。F项"对于东南亚炎热拥挤的城市来说,这也是一个很好的解决方案 "符合题意,also表明上下文的并列关系。故选F。
38. 答案：G
解析：根据上文"Engineer Nakatsu also asked himself the same question.(工程师Nakatsu也问了自己同样的问题)"推知,空处应指出Nakatsu面临的问题是什么。G项"他的问题是高速行驶的高速列车冲进隧道时产生的压力会产生巨大的噪音"符合题意，problem是关键词，选项中的his指代Nakatsu。故选G。
39. 答案：A
解析：根据下文"On the other hand, plastic packaging creates a lot of waste and pollution.(另一方面, 塑料包装制造了许多浪费和污染)"中的on the other hand推知，空处内容与下文形成对照,即空处陈述环保的一方面。A项"在自然界,一切都是循环利用的"符合题意。故选A。
40. 答案：B
解析：根据下文"Nakatsu worries that children today do not have the opportunity to touch and feel nature. He advises that students in university should study more than one narrow field so that they do not just have one fixed way of thinking. (Nakatsu担心今天的孩子没有机会触摸和感受大自然。他建议大学里的学生应该学习不止一个狭窄的领域，这样他们就不会只有一种固定的思维方式)"可知，Nakatsu建议孩子们多接触自然，这样就可以熟悉自然，并从中学习一些解决问题的方法。B项要模仿自然我们必须熟悉它符合题意，nature是关键词。故选B。
第三部分 语言知识运用
第一节
41. 答案：B
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：超级科学周将是有史以来最棒的一周，因为他要给三年级的同学做一个实验。A. recommending推荐；B. presenting赠送，呈现；C. designing设计；D. advocating提倡。布莱克要给三年级的同学做一个实验。故选B。
42. 答案：A
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意："在我的实验中，我要把一个鸡蛋直立在杯子中间"布莱克向全班宣布。A. stand站立；B. put放置；C. drop掉落；D. harvest收获。根据"He poured salt into a glass of water and then dropped an egg in.(他把盐倒进一杯水中，然后放了一个鸡蛋进去。)"可知，布莱克的实验是把鸡蛋直立在水中。故选A。
43. 答案：D
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是鸡蛋并没有直立在杯子中间。A. appear出现；B. hide隐藏；C. break打破；D. stay停留。鸡蛋并没有直立在杯子中间。故选D。
44. 答案：B
解析：考查副词词义辨析。句意："看，布莱克脸红了!"凯特在后排尖叫起来。布莱克无可奈何地望着沃森太太。A. fearlessly勇敢地；大胆地；B. helplessly无助地；C. attentively注意地；D. confusedly混乱地。实验失败，布莱克羞愧得脸红，很无助地看向沃森太太。故选B。
45. 答案：A
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：老师擦去脸上的泪水说："继续努力!"A. Keep保持；B. Stop停止；C. Avoid避免；D. Enjoy享受，欣赏。根据"The teacher wiped the tears from his face(老师擦去脸上的泪水)"可知，老师用行动鼓励布莱克让其继续努力。故选A。
46. 答案：C
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：第二天早上，布莱克戴上了他的米老鼠耳朵。大家都笑了，他的脸因害羞而变得通红。A. froze冻结；凝固；B. hurt伤害；C. burned燃烧，发烫；D. paled失色；变苍白。根据"Everyone laughed(大家都笑了)"可知，布莱克的脸因害羞而变得通红。故选C。
47. 答案：D
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意："不，脸红才是!"查尔斯·达尔文称脸红是所有表情中最具人性的。其他动物不会脸红，"布莱克说。A. distant遥远的，久远的；B. nervous神经紧张的，担忧的；C. natural自然的；D. human人的，人类的；(尤指缺点或弱点)显示人的本性的。根据"Other animals do not blush," Blake said.("其他动物不会脸红，"布莱克说)"可知，动物不会脸红，脸红是人类的所有表情中最具人性的。故选D。
48. 答案：A
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意："脸红是由过度活跃的神经系统引起的。"布莱克补充道。A. caused造成；B. controlled控制；C. overwhelmed (情感)难以禁受；使应接不暇；淹没；D. disguised伪装；乔装。根据"by an overactive nervous system(由过度活跃的神经系统)"可知，脸红是由过度活跃的神经系统引起的。故选A。
49. 答案：C
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他在教室里走来走去，给每个同学仔细地看了看他的红脸。A. rougher更粗糙的；(地形)更崎岖的；B. quicker更快的；C. closer更近的，更亲密的；D. longer更长的。根据"He walked around the classroom(他在教室里走来走去)"可知，布莱克在教室里走来走去，是为了让同学们可以更近距离地观察他的脸。故选C。
50. 答案：B
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：全班围在一起欣赏他的画。A. distinguish使有别于；看清，认出；B. admire钦佩，仰慕；C. identify认出，识别；D. evaluate评价，评估。根据"Then he put up a card showing blood vessels(血管). (然后他拿出一张显示血管的卡片)"可知，全班围在一起欣赏他拿出的画。故选B。
51. 答案：D
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意："当你感到尴尬时，"布莱克说，"你的情绪会让你脸红。A. frustration挫折；B. appreciation欣赏，鉴赏；C. improvement改善；D. embarrassment 尴尬，难堪。根据"your emotions cause you to blush(你的情绪会让你脸红)"可知，尴尬的情绪会让人脸红。故选D。
52. 答案：C
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这是人类正常的一部分，所以你能做得最好的事情就是接受它，除非你宁愿成为一只猴子。A. unusual不寻常的，罕见的；B. unique独一无二的，独特的；C. normal正常的，标准的；D. essential必不可少的，非常重要的。根据"There's no way to control it.(没有办法控制它)"可知，没有办法控制脸红，脸红是人类正常的一部分。故选C。
53. 答案：A
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是人类正常的一部分，所以你能做得最好的事情就是接受它，除非你宁愿成为一只猴子。"A. monkey猴子；B. egg鸡蛋；C. fool傻瓜，笨蛋；D. failure失败。动物不会脸红，此处表示除非成为一只猴子，就不会脸红了。故选A。
54. 答案：D
解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：布莱克骄傲地走回座位。他红红的脸使整个教室的同学们呈现愉悦的情绪。A. matched up匹配；B. buried in沉思 ，埋头于；C. met with碰见；D. lit up照亮；(脸上)呈现高兴的情绪。根据"At it, the class applauded.(听到这句话，全班都鼓掌了)"可知，他的红红的脸使整个教室高兴起来。故选D。
55. 答案：C
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：科学是他的专长。A. major主要的；B. subject 课题，话题；C. thing东西；(某人喜欢或擅长的)事情；D. course课程；过程。布莱克很擅长科学。故选C。
第二节
56. 答案：the
解析：考查冠词。句意：2021年12月9日，Tiangong太空站的中国宇航员在地球旅行时开了一个科学讲座。Earth地球，世界独一无二的东西前加定冠词the。故填the。
57. 答案：was
解析：考查动词时态。句意：在那激动人心的一天，有一场讲座和一些有趣的活动。根据句子on that exciting day，此处谓语动词用一般过去时，there be的be动词主谓一致根据就近原则，与a lecture保持一致，谓语动词用单数形式。Was符合题意。故填was。
58. 答案：where
解析：考查定语从句。句意：然后，他们向观众展示了他们生活和工作的地方。分析句子结构，先行词the place在从句作地点状语，用关系副词where引导。故填where。
59. 答案：to show/showing
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：宇航员们进行的实验显示了太空中有趣的物理现象，包括"浮力消失"和"水球"。分析句子结构，此处作非谓语动词。前面名词experiments与动词show构成主动关系，用现在分词形式showing作后置定语，或用不定式短语to show作目的状语。故填to show/showing。
60. 答案：including
解析：考查介词。句意：宇航员们进行的实验显示了太空中有趣的物理现象，包括"浮力消失"和"水球"。此处后接名词"disappearing buoyancy(浮力)" and a "water ball"用介词，including包括，符合题意。故填including。
61. 答案：happily
解析：考查副词。句意：最后，在直播活动结束前，他们愉快地回答了学生的问题。修饰后面动词用副词形式，作状语，happily愉快地，符合题意。故填happily。
62. 答案：Millions
解析：考查数词。句意：中国数百万中小学生观看了这场60分钟的电视直播活动，这是天宫班的第一场讲座，天宫班是中国第一个让学生对太空科学感兴趣的地外系列讲座。Millions of 数百万，后面接介词of，数词应该用复数形式，表概数。故填Millions。
63. 答案：in
解析：考查介词。句意：中国数百万中小学生观看了这场60分钟的电视直播活动，这是天宫班的第一场讲座，天宫班是中国第一个让学生对太空科学感兴趣的地外系列讲座。分析句子结构，前面make为使役动词，句中interested作宾语补足语，相当于形容词，后面接宾语应符合be interested in (对……感兴趣)搭配。故填in。
64. 答案：be held
解析：考查动词被动语态。句意：载人航天局表示，将根据中国载人航天飞行情况举办更多讲座，一些专业的中国宇航员也将参加讲座。根据句意，more lectures与动词hold构成被动关系，用被动关系，情态动词would接动词原形，be held符合题意。故填be held。
65. 答案：professional
解析：考查形容词。句意：载人航天局表示，将根据中国载人航天飞行情况举办更多讲座，一些专业的中国宇航员也将参加讲座。此处修饰后面名词astronauts用形容词形式，作前置定语。Professional专业的，符合题意。故填professional。
第四部分 写作
第一节
答案：
Dear teachers and fellow students,
Welcome to our "Tour the New Campus" event. As president of the Students' Union, I'm honored to be here to deliver the opening address.
The purpose of this event is to provide a chance for us to quickly adapt to the new environment where we'll spend the following years. In this event, you'll be guided by volunteers to access various places on campus, such as the teaching building, the canteen as well as your dormitories. Meanwhile, you're encouraged to name these new buildings according to their locations, shapes, and functions, etc. If your idea is adopted, not only can you get a prize, but you can also have your name documented in our school museum.
Thanks for your attendance, and I wish you all an enjoyable and meaningful experience.
第二节
Paragraph 1：
And then he heard a terrible sound: the bells signaling an oncoming train. Seeing the headlight of the train, DiPinto ran quickly to Esposito's minivan and knocked on the driver's side window. She just looked at him, her eyes unfocused. "I don't know where I am," she said. She seemed unhurt. "Honey, you're on the railroad tracks," DiPinto shouted anxiously. "We have to get you off right now!" He pulled hard on the handle, but the door was crashed in and jammed shut. DiPinto ran to the passenger side and threw open the door. "Please, don't let her be trapped," he thought. He pushed aside the flat airbags, grabbed Esposito's arms, and pulled her toward him across the passenger seat until he could help her out and quickly get her to safety.
Paragraph 2：
The heavy diesel train, traveling at 65 miles per hour, crashed into the minivan. Fortunately, Esposito had been dragged out of her minivan before a disaster happened. DiPinto called 911 for emergency service. It didn't take a long time before an ambulance arrived at the accident spot/ site. No sooner had the doctors checked Esposito than she was rushed to the nearest hospital for further treatment. "It was like a Hollywood movie," DiPinto told reporters the next day. But this one had a twist. "Last night," South Country Ambulance chief Greg Miglino told CBS New York, "the hero arrived in pajamas, not in a fire truck."
解析：1.段落续写
①由第一段句首内容"然后他听到了一种可怕的声音：钟声预示着火车即将驶来。"可知，第一段可以描写DiPinto把Esposito从车里解救出来的过程。
②由第二段句首内容"这列重型柴油火车以每小时65英里的速度行驶，撞上了这辆小型货车。"可知，第二段可以描写Esposito被救后送往医院和人们对DiPinto的评价。
2.续写线索：听到声音—紧急救出—相撞—被送医院—DiPinto被称赞
3.词汇激活
行为类
①看到：see/catch sight of
②快速奔跑：run quickly/rush
③喊：shout/yell
情绪类
①焦急地：anxiously/with anxiety
②幸运地：fortunately/luckily
【高分句型1】Seeing the headlight of the train, DiPinto ran quickly to Esposito's minivan and knocked on the driver's side window.( 运用了现在分词Seeing作状语)
【高分句型2】"I don't know where I am," she said.( 运用了where引导的宾语从句)
【高分句型3】Fortunately, Esposito had been dragged out of her minivan before a disaster happened. (运用了过去完成时的被动语态)
附：听力录音材料
Text 1
W: When will we go to the zoo on Thursday
M: Well, the zoo opens at 10:30, so be ready to go at 9:45. You'll have to get up at 8:15.
Text 2
W: I can't believe it. Did you walk all the way here Why not take the bus or the taxi It's raining.
M: I like walking, especially on rainy days.
Text 3
M: Would you like to take a break
W: Good idea! I've been reading the book for hours, and my eyes hurt.
Text 4
M: Have you found any shoes that you like
W: Well, I like the first pair — you know black ones are always my first choice. But it is a size bigger. I don't like the second pair's style. And this pair is a little tight.
Text 5
W: Wonderful! You began to learn driving only yesterday afternoon, but now you can drive well enough.
M: I find driving is not as difficult as I expected, unlike swimming or art.
Text 6
M: Wait a minute. Isn't that the shop we passed five minutes ago
W: It is, but the instructions Peter gave me definitely said we should go this way.
M: We should have looked at a map.
W: I can try to find where it is on my phone. What is the name of the restaurant again
M: The Farmer's Rest. It shouldn't be hard to find.
W: No, there can't be many restaurants here. We're in the middle of nowhere.
M: If we see someone around, we can ask them, but there don't seem to be many people out here.
Text 7
M: Can I take my phone into the exam hall if I turn it off
W: No mobile phones are allowed in the exam hall. You can put it in your bag, though.
M: OK, but then what do I do with my bag
W: Bags go in the lockers outside the hall. There are keys in the doors. Just lock the door and take the key with you. When you have put your things away, go to the main door of the exam hall and show the teacher your student ID card.
M: OK, I see. And when I get into the exam hall, I need to look for my examination number on the desk. Is that the same number as my ID card
W: Yes, that's right.
Text 8
M: Have you heard that the Strawberry Music Festival is being held near here
W: Yeah, I know. It sounds good, and I'd like to go. But I haven't got a ticket.
M: I have some tickets to the festival. Some of my favorite bands are playing. I'm taking my little brother. He has never been to a music festival. Would you like to come with us
W: That would be great. I love the noise, the music and all the excitement.
M: Are you free today or tomorrow The afternoon show is the best for my brother.
W: Sorry, I'm busy then. I'm going to the movies this afternoon. I have got the movie ticket so I can't change it, and I'm working tomorrow afternoon.
M: Oh, well... Can you go on Saturday afternoon It finishes on August 28th. That's Saturday.
W: Good. I'm free then.
Text 9
W: Hello, welcome to Working Abroad. Our guest this evening is Robert Hale, a Londoner who lives and works in America. Robert, welcome to the program. How long have you been living in California
M: Since 1992. But I had only planned to stay for six months.
W: Why did you change your mind
M: Soon after I arrived, I got a job with one of America's top companies, Intel. So I decided to stay.
W: How lucky! Do you still work for that company
M: No, I left in 1998. Then I had my own company, which developed office software for small and medium-sized companies at the beginning. But since 2005, it's been developing education and entertainment apps.
W: What's your aim for the future
M: To stand out from the competition. Smartphones are widely used and are changing people's lifestyles, which leads to the rapid development of apps.
Text 10
Vincent van Gogh was a great painter. His work, being famous today for its beauty, emotion and color, greatly influenced 20th century art. Van Gogh was born on March 30, 1853 in the Netherlands. He had two younger brothers and three younger sisters. By the age of 15, Van Gogh had to leave school and go to work to support his family. Apart from his native Dutch, he also spoke good French, German and English. In 1873, Van Gogh went to work in England. There, he fell in love with English culture, and became a fan of Charles Dickens. In the fall of 1880, Van Gogh decided to move to Belgium and become an artist. In 1886, he moved to Paris and began to develop his unique style. Despite his talent, Van Gogh remained poor and unknown throughout his life. He was very close with his brother Theo, who supported him by giving him money and helping him sell his paintings.

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