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高一下学期英语牛津译林版（2020）期末达标测试卷B卷
考试时间：120分钟
满分：150分
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. Where did the woman visit the rainforest last year
A. In Oregon.
B. In Alaska.
C. In Washington.
2. What is the woman's main concern for the man
A. Not improving his school grades.
B. Not being able to go to school.
C. Not completing his homework on time.
3. What's the relationship between the speakers
A. Co-workers. B. Friends. C. A couple.
4. Why did the woman decide to go to Florida for holiday
A. The flight was cheaper.
B. The place was more beautiful.
C. The accommodations were free.
5. How will the man get news reports
A. From his phone. B. From newspapers. C. From TV news stations.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What is the main topic of the conversation
A. Weather. B. Clothing. C. Dinner.
7. Where did the speakers plan to go
A. To a hospital. B. To a restaurant. C. To Jim's.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. What is the woman's main concern about the apartment
A. The size. B. The price. C. The flies.
9. How do the speakers feel
A. Excited. B. Bored. C. Disappointed.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. What will happen to the speakers
A. They will lose their jobs.
B. They will get a pay decrease.
C. They will work longer hours.
11. What is the woman currently doing for her students
A. Creating books.
B. Making videos.
C. Searching for learning material online.
12. What will the man probably buy
A. A camera. B. A computer. C. A phone.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. Where does the conversation take place
A. At home. B. In a library. C. In a dormitory.
14. Why does the woman want to move out
A. She wants to find a cheaper place.
B. She needs to find a place near a library.
C. She wants to live in a place with air-conditioning.
15. How much did it cost to run air-conditioning for a month 5 years ago
A. $10. B. $20. C. $45.
16. What will the woman do if she cannot move out
A. Get used to the heat.
B. Live with her parents.
C. Buy better air-conditioning.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. When was Mother' s Day first celebrated
A. In 1905 B. In 1908. C. In 1914.
18. What do we know about Anna's mother
A. She was a soldier during the Civil War.
B. She founded Mother's Day Work Clubs.
C. She brought up the idea of Mother's Day.
19. Who formally announced Mother's Day
A. President Wilson.
B. The U.S. Congress.
C. Anna Marie Jarvis.
20. What is the text mainly about
A. The origin of Mother's Day.
B. The celebration of Mother's Day.
C. The importance of Mother's Day.
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
I'm a strong believer in learning different languages, which makes you look incredibly good when you're in a foreign country and can understand and speak the language. The following are 4 apps that will help you learn a foreign language! You can download them for free.
Babbel
Babbel's lessons are mainly quiz-styled and use audio, pictures and words to help you with the grammar and vocabulary of your chosen language.
It helps you use most of the skills needed to learn a language. Your skills are improved by carrying out different tasks, such as completing sentences with missing words, translating, placing words in order and so on.
FluentU
FluentU takes native language content like music videos, news and inspiring talks and turns them into language learning lessons. The videos all make use of interactive(交互的) subtitles(字幕) to ensure understanding, allow users to save material for later review, and make the experience more enjoyable. Clicking on a word or phrase brings up extra information, including example sentences and other video clips that use the language item.
Tandem
Rather than have you work through tasks and memorise different things, the app matches you up with people who share your interests but speak the language you want to learn. You can then have text, voice and video conversations with people to learn their native language, and in return they can learn yours, all by simply communicating with each other.
Busuu
This app is perfect if you want to learn English. There are all sorts of audio and visual learning aids. You'll find yourself working through interactive tests and learning tools for the vocabulary and dialogue.
21. Which app suits you best if you want to learn through communication
A. Babbel. B. FluentU. C. Tandem. D. Busuu.
22. What do the apps have in common
A. They cover all languages. B. They focus on grammar.
C. They contain many tests. D. They are free to download.
23. What is the writer's purpose of writing the passage
A. To sell apps to language learners. B. To teach languages through apps.
C. To introduce language learning apps. D. To teach language learners to use apps.
B
I met a beautiful soul yesterday. I went to work with my computer to a local café so that I could have dinner there. It was raining a bit this time and also I was among people. Sometimes when you work from home all day this is in itself treat. And the main of the connection sometimes happens—a smile, someone offering you the newspaper, a short conversation with the staff, a peace dove flying past and lots of possibilities for love and kindness.
Well, magic did happen. I heard a man who was speaking with difficulty and very loud. I noticed he could not speak so clearly and he had some kind of impairment(损伤). As often happens, people looked at him or avoided doing so, and then—as if embarrassed or afraid-looked down. In these cases I try to do the opposite. I imagined a person in these circumstances would want to feel included.
So I decided to deliberately look at him and smile. It was an instant! He looked at me, smiled and immediately said hello. With a combination of spoken and body language he asked if he could approach me. I agreed. He introduced me to his friend who taught sign language online and explained that they were both deaf, after which he even told me about his wife and how he loved teaching, I apologised for not knowing sign language and hoped Td learnt. We still managed to have a beautiful "conversation" which made us all very happy. I'm sure we'll meet again to experience the magic of being and being with others.
24. Why did the author go to the café yesterday
A. To find someone beautiful. B. To work and eat something.
C. To ask for a latest newspaper. D. To have a short talk with others.
25. What's the most important to a disabled person
A. Being integrated into normal life. B. Accepting help from people around.
C. Avoiding the embarrassments in life. D. Having a friend in the same situation.
26. How did the author react to the man with speaking difficulty
A. He pretended not to see him. B. He had a joke with him.
C. He looked and smiled at him. D. He laughed at him like others.
27. What could be the best title for the text
A. A Special Café B.A Broken Heart
C. Power of Sign Language D. Magic at the Café
C
Climate change is making a safe, slow adjustment to heat much harder by upending(颠覆) what we'd typically expect as seasons change.
Although late summer can bring more extreme temperatures, early heat waves have a particularly dangerous influence. A large body of research tends to find that early summer heat waves can have higher rates of death compared to later in the season.
There are a few explanations for this phenomenon. One theory is that the most vulnerable populations will not be able to fight the higher temperatures at the start of the season, so there are fewer vulnerable people in the more intense heat waves a few months later. A second explanation is the acclimatization(适应环境) effect, since people need time to adjust to heat. How much time a person needs to physiologically adapt depends.
The way we adapt to early season heat isn't just about physiological changes in our bodies. Behaviour makes a difference too, as do policies and infrastructure that help people cope.
The US still has few policies that help protect people from the most extreme summertime heat. Even the protections that exist around heat don't focus on the vital early season. Besides, the protection measures, where they do exist, don't typically kick in until after a certain date or when temperatures are above 95 degrees Fahrenheit, which is far beyond what some vulnerable populations can handle.
"We barely have enough resources to deal with what's occurring right now," said University of Arizona professor of urban planning Ladd Keith. "With climate change, we're seeing increasing frequency, intensity, and duration of heat waves, so we need to adjust our response."
28. What can we learn from Paragraphs 3 and 4
A. Our ability to adjust to heat varies from person to person.
B. Infrastructure will hardly affect our adaptation to early heat.
C. Old people can properly fight the higher temperatures in early summer.
D. Physiological changes make a big difference to our behaviour.
29. What do we know about America's reaction to early heat waves
A. Its response needs adjustment due to climate change.
B. It has enough resources to deal with the present situation.
C. Only a few measures concentrate on the deadly early season.
D. Its policies can effectively help protect people from the early season heat.
30. Which section of a magazine does the text probably come from
A. Technology B. Nature. C. Population. D. Politics.
31. What's the best title for the text
A. Climate Change Leads to Early Summer Heat
B. Why Can Early Heat Waves Lead to More Deaths
C. How Can We Adapt to Early Season Heat
D. Early Heat Waves Can Be the Deadliest
D
Researchers have found that short and intense bursts of stair climbing, which can be done almost anywhere, have great benefits for fitness.
The findings make the two most common excuses of couch potatoes untrue: no time and no access to the gym. "Stair climbing is a form of exercise anyone can do in their own home, after work or during the lunch hour," says Martin, a lead author of the study. "This research takes interval(间歇) training out of the lab and makes it accessible to everyone."
Early studies have shown the benefits of stair climbing over continuous periods of time—up to 70 minutes a week—but researchers wanted to determine if interval training, which includes short and intense exercise separated by short periods of recovery, was a good way to improve heart health.
Researchers recruited(招收) 31 women and tested the effect of two different experiments, each of which required a 10-minute exercise period, including warm-up, cool-down and recovery periods. The exercise periods were done three times a week over the course of six weeks.
The first experiment included three 20 -second periods of continuous climbing in an "all-out" manner. The participants were then compared to those who went through the same experiment using an exercise bike which has already been shown to improve fitness.
For the second experiment, some women climbed up and down one flight of stairs for periods of 60 seconds, an experiment which could be easily done at home.
Both experiments, each including a total time of 30 minutes a week, increased cardiorespiratory(心肺的) fitness, an important healthy marker that is connected with long life.
32. What does Martin say about stair climbing
A. It saves lots of time. B. It is convenient to do.
C. It requires special training. D. It is better than going to the gym.
33. Why did researchers do the two experiments
A. To test the results of early studies.
B. To encourage people to climb stairs.
C. To prove the benefits of continuous stair climbing.
D. To find out interval training's effect on heart health.
34. What can we learn from the two experiments
A. The first one was better for fitness.
B. The second one required less total time.
C. Both of them were good for heart health.
D. People in the second one turned out healthier.
35. What is the best title for the text
A. How Stair Climbing Benefits People
B. Why Stair Climbing Is the Best Exercise
C. Stair Climbing-A Good Way to Increase Fitness
D. Simple Stair Climbing Exercises at Home
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Smarter Ways to Learn From Failure
Many of us were told from an early age that, at school or in life, "you learn from your mistakes". 36
The short answer is "yes"—failure can be a teachable moment. But learning from our mistakes is, in reality, very hard because we don't like to fail. 37 So we react to failure in emotional ways, like giving up on a task easily, telling ourselves we don't care whether we succeed, or finding fault with the task itself. This is self-protective, according to Hallgeir Sj stad, a professor of psychology and leadership at the Norwegian School of Economics. "Most of us want to think of ourselves as capable," he says, "so when we fail, it causes a serious threat to our self-image."
Fortunately, there is research to suggest that there are some strategies to help us overcome the emotional barriers around failure. 38 Instead of asking "Why did I fail " we could ask "Why did Sam fail ", for example. Multiple studies by psychologist Ethan Kross at the University of Michigan show that adopting a third-person perspective helps to soften our negative emotional reactions, allowing us to look at failure more objectively.
A second strategy involves offering advice to others who may be in the same position as us. 39 The group of adults and children were asked to give advice based on their own failures. Professors Eskreis-Winkler, Fishbach and Duckworth found that the satisfaction of helping others "forces people to engage with their experience and what they have learnt".
40 But it now seems that we should be saying: "Fail again, fail smarter." Failure is an unavoidable part of life, but by learning to overcome the emotional barriers around it, we may find the road to success is a little easier to find.
A. It doesn't feel good.
B. But is this actually true
C. Here are some reasons why we think so.
D. But how to overcome them is a question.
E. One of them is to adopt a third-person view.
F. The writer Samuel Beckett once said: "Fail again, fail better."
G. It led to better levels of motivation and academic success in the test groups.
第三部分 语言知识运用 （共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
In the year I was about twelve years old, my mother told us that we would not be 41 Christmas gifts for short of money. I felt sad and thought, "What would I say when the other kids asked what I'd 42 " Just when I started to accept that there would not be a Christmas gift that year, then three women 43 at our house with gifts for all of us. For me they brought a doll. I would no longer have to feel 44 when I returned to school.
Years later, when I stood in the kitchen of my new house, thinking how I wanted to make my 45 Christmas there special and memorable, I 46 remembered the women's visit. I decided that I wanted to create that same feeling of importance for as many children as I could possibly 47 .
So I 48 a plan and asked forty people from my company to help. We 49 about 125 orphans(孤儿) at the Christmas party. For every child, we wrapped colorful packages filled with toys, clothes, and school supplies, each with a child's name. We wanted all of them to know they were 50 . Before I called out their names and handed them their gifts, I 51 them that they couldn't open their presents until every child had come forward. Finally the 52 they had been waiting for came as I called out, "One, two, three. Open your presents!" As the children opened their packages, their faces beamed and their bright smiles 53 up the room. The 54 in the room was obvious, and it wasn't just about toys. It was a feeling—the feeling I knew from the Christmas so long ago when the women came to visit. I wasn't forgotten. Somebody thought of me. I 55 .
41. A. sending B. receiving C. making D. exchanging
42. A. got B. prepared C. found D. expected
43. A. broke in B. settled down C. showed off D. turned up
44. A. embarrassed B. puzzled C. frightened D. inspired
45. A. present B. first C. last D. past
46. A. hardly B. regularly C. immediately D. rarely
47. A. know B. mention C. remember D. reach
48. A. kept up with B. caught up with C. came up with D. put up with
49. A. explored B. reflected C. gathered D. decorated
50. A. fine B. special C. helpful D. normal
51. A. reminded B. warned C. enabled D. promised
52. A. chance B. gift C. moment D. reward
53. A. lit B. took C. burned D. cheered
54. A. warmth B. appreciation C. calmness D. joy
55. A. matter B. wonder C. doubt D. suppose
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Since the pre-Qin period, Chengdu 56 (be) an important cultural town in China. But 57 really sets the city apart, culturally, is its opera. An important aspect of Sichuan Opera is 58 magic of "face changing" where vividly coloured masks are changed within the blink of an eye. In opera gardens and tea houses across the town, audiences 59 (want) a glimpse of the local culture love to drink tea while listening to Sichuan Opera and watching face changing.
It is believed that "face changing" has its roots in evolution. Early humans needed survival strategies to avoid fierce animals and foreign 60 (invade). Often, aggressive facial gestures and non-verbal cues were part of it. The Sichuan Opera is said 61 (bring) this range of emotions on stage.
Once the performance starts, the actor keeps pulling down one mask after 62 in swift movements to convey different emotions. 63 (astonish), no matter how close one is 64 the stage, they just can't tell how the masks change.
In fact, the different kinds of characters and personalities that Sichuan Opera brings alive can 65 (find) among common people. This is why its emotions will continue to resonate with people for a long time.
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
假定你是李华，你校在上周举办了防震减灾宣传活动(Earthquake Prevention and Disaster Reduction Campaign)，你的网友John 发邮件向你询问此次活动的相关情况，请你给John回一封邮件，介绍此次活动。内容包括：
1. 活动内容；
2. 对此次活动的感受与收获。
注意：
1. 词数80左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear John,
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节（满分25分）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Two men, both seriously ill, occupied the same hospital room. One man called Ben was allowed to sit up in his bed for an hour each afternoon to help drain the fluid from his lungs. His bed was next to the room's only window. The other man Leo, had to spend all his time lying flat on his back.
The two men talked for hours on end. They spoke of their wives and families, their homes, their jobs, their involvement in the military service, where they had been on vacation.
Every afternoon when Ben could sit up, he would pass the time by describing to his roommate all the things he could see outside the window. Leo began to live for those one-hour periods when his world would be broadened and lightened by all the activities and colors of the world outside.
The window overlooked a park with a lovely lake. Ducks and swans played on the water while children sailed their model boats. Young lovers walked arm in arm amidst flowers of every color of the rainbow. Grand old trees graced the landscape, and a fine view of the city skyline could be seen in the distance. As Ben described all this in exquisite detail, Leo would close his eyes and imagine the picturesque scene.
One warm afternoon Ben sat up with his elbows and described a parade passing by. Although Leo couldn't hear the band, he could see it in his mind's eye as the gentleman by the window portrayed it with descriptive words. Each time the nurse saw the warm and touching scene, she was always struck by devoted friendship between these two men. Days and weeks passed.
One morning, the nurse arrived to check the two men, only to find the lifeless body of Ben. ____
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
However, he could see nothing but blank wall of another building. _______________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案以及解析
第一部分 听力
第一节
1. 答案：B
解析：M: Did you know that there is a rainforest in Washington and Oregon I read about it in National Geographic. A rainforest is any forest that has a high amount of rainfall per year.
W: That's not the only one. I went to Alaska to hike through one last year.
2. 答案：B
解析：W: I have to talk to you about your schoolwork, Tom.
M: I'm sorry for handing in my homework late. I promise I'll get my grades up.
W: I know you can improve your grades. What I'm most worried about is that you are so often sick at home and missing school.
3. 答案：C
解析：M: Helen, will you pick up Johnny from the kindergarten I'm stuck in a traffic jam.
W: That's terrible, honey. But an injured miner has just arrived here at the hospital and it seems that I will have to operate on him at once.
4. 答案：C
解析：M: I thought you said you were going to Greece for your holiday. Were the flights to Florida cheaper
W: No. We know a couple who have an apartment there, so we didn't have to spend any money for a hotel. And the weather there was beautiful.
5. 答案：A
解析：M: I used to get the news from the daily newspaper, but now it feels like I'm wasting paper.
W: You can try to read articles online or watch news stations on TV.
M: I don't own a TV anymore. I'll pay for a few news sources on my phone.
第二节
6. 答案：A
7. 答案：C
解析：W: I won't go outside right now. It's raining out there.
M: It's just a little rain. There's nothing to be afraid of. So what if your clothing gets a little wet It's only a short run to the car.
W: Speak for yourself. There's lightning and thunder. I don't want to get hit by that and end up in hospital.
M: Well, then you get to tell Jim why we are going to be late. You'd better call him and tell him why he'll need to wait to serve dinner.
W: OK. I'll ring him now.
8. 答案：C
9. 答案：A
解析：W: I love this apartment. The location is perfect.
M: Yes. I like the view of the river. We must be not far from the sea.
W: I worry, though. My friend once lived near a lake and said it attracted lots of flies.
M: I don't think that's anything to be concerned about here. There is no lake and I haven't seen a single fly.
W: You might be able to fish in the river.
M: Well, let's not think about that. We need to see the rest of the apartment and decide if we can afford it.
W: I don't think it's too expensive, and I think it's the right size for our family.
M: I think you're right, and we might be able to negotiate a discount.
W: Oh, isn't it exciting This could be our new home.
M: It sounds like you have already decided we're having it. I think I agree with you.
10. 答案：B
11. 答案：B
12. 答案：A
解析：W: Did you see the decreases for the school budget All teachers are going to get a pay reduction.
M: I heard that as well. Until COVID-19 is finished, all of us teachers will have less work to do and thus less pay.
W: I still need my full salary now. I already have too much free time and not enough to do.
M: This time is difficult for everyone, but things will get better soon. I just hope the students will have enough learning material and a fast Internet connection.
W: You're right. I'll think positively. I've made educational videos recently to share with the students. What have you been working on
M: I've been writing a book and sharing useful websites with my students. I'll make more videos once I get a better camera.
W: I just got a new one. Also, I'll be able to have perfect video calls as soon as I get a new computer.
13. 答案：C
14. 答案：C
15. 答案：B
16. 答案：A
解析：M: I need to study for my exams, but it's impossible in this heat. I'll need to go to the library later.
W: This dormitory doesn't have air-conditioning. My roommate and I are thinking about moving to another dormitory or an apartment that has air-conditioning. My parents have great air-conditioning. I sometimes wish I lived at home.
M: I've thought about moving, too, but an apartment will cost more, especially the electricity bills. Do you know air-conditioning today is cheaper than it was 10 years ago On the other hand, electricity is more expensive.
W: I didn't know that. How much difference is there
M: 5 years ago it was possible to run air-conditioning 24 hours a day for just $20 a month.
Today the same air-conditioning unit in the same house would cost over $45 a month.
W: That's over double in just 5 years. Well, I guess I'll ask my roommate whether we will see about the other dormitory. If it doesn't work out, we will sweat all summer.
17. 答案：B
18. 答案：B
19. 答案：A
20. 答案：A
解析：The modern American holiday of Mother's Day was first celebrated in 1908. It is on the second Sunday in May. It is a day to honor mothers. On that day mothers usually receive flowers and cards. On the cards, children often write, "Thanks, Mom", "To the best mother in the world" and so on. Then where did the idea for the holiday come from We should thank Miss Anna Marie Jarvis. It is she who brought up the idea of having such a day. She lived in West Virginia. Anna's mother was a peace activist who cared for wounded soldiers on both sides of the Civil War and created Mother's Day Work Clubs to address public health issues. Her mother died on May 9th, 1905. On the anniversary of her mother's death, she invited some friends to an informal memorial meeting. In 1907, a church service was held on her mother's death anniversary. Anna's love for her mother moved other people. Besides, she wrote letters to important persons of the country suggesting a public holiday to honor all mothers. In 1914, the United States Congress agreed that the second Sunday in May should be appointed as Mother's Day. Finally, the decision was announced by President Wilson.
第二部分 阅读理解
第一节
A
21. 答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据Tandem中"You can then have text, voice and video conversations with people to learn their native language, and in return they can learn yours, all by simply communicating with each other." 可知，如果你想通过交流来学习，Tandem最合适。故选C。
22. 答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段"You can download them for free."可知，这些应用程序的共同点是可以免费下载。故选D。
23. 答案：C
解析：写作意图题。根据第一段"The following are 4 apps that will help you learn a foreign language! You can download them for free."可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是向人们介绍语言学习的应用程序。故选C。
B
24. 答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段"I went to work with my computer to a local cafe so that I could have dinner there."可知，作者去咖啡馆工作和吃饭。故选B。
25. 答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段"In these cases I try to do the opposite. I imagined a person in these circumstances would want to feel included."可知，作者认为对于有某些障碍的人来说，他们也想像正常人一样融入生活。故选A。
26. 答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段"So I decided to deliberately look at him and smile."可知，当看到有交流障碍的那个人时，作者并没有像别人那样避开看他们，反而是看着对方并给了他一个微笑。故选C。
27. 答案：D
解析：主旨大意题。根据第一段及最后一段"I'm sure we'll meet again to experience the magic of being and being with others."并结合作者在咖啡馆的经历可知，本文讲述的是作者的一个微笑如同产生魔力一般，让作者与两位有听力障碍的人有了一段美好的"交流"。D项(咖啡馆里的神奇事件)概括了本文的内容，体现了文章主题。故选D。
C
28. 答案： A
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段"A second explanation is the acclimatization effect, since people need time to adjust to heat. How much time a person needs to physiologically adapt depends."可知，人们对高温的适应能力因人而异。故选A。
29. 答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第五段"The US still has few policies that help protect people from the most extreme summertime heat. Even the protections that exist around heat don't focus on the vital early season."和最后一段"With climate change, we're seeing increasing frequency, intensity, and duration of heat waves, so we need to adjust our response."可知，由于气候变化，美国的应对措施需要调整。故选A。
30. 答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段"Climate change is making a safe, slow adjustment to heat much harder by upending what we'd typically expect as seasons change."和第二段内容可知，气候变化导致极端的热浪，初夏的热浪给人们造成了致命的威胁。全篇围绕这个主题展开介绍，该主题与自然有关。故选B。
31. 答案：D
解析：主旨大意题。根据第二段"A large body of research tends to find that early summer heat waves can have higher rates of death compared to later in the season."可知，本文主要介绍了初夏热浪的死亡率高于夏末。故选D。
D
32. 答案： B
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段"Stair climbing is a form of exercise anyone can do in their own home, after work or during the lunch hour, says Martin"可知，马丁说这项运动不需要特定的时间和地点，所以很方便进行。故选 B 。
33. 答案： D
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段"but researchers wanted to determine if interval training... was a good way to improve heart health"可知，研究人员想要确定间歇训练是否是改善心脏健康的好方法。故选 D 。
34. 答案： C
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段"Both experiments, each including a total time of 30 minutes a week, increased cardiorespiratory fitness"可知，这两种健身方法都有益于心脏健康。故选 C 。
35. 答案： C
解析：主旨大意题。文章第一段明确表明，爬楼梯对健康有好处，下文用实验对此进行了证明。由此可见，"爬楼梯—增进健康的好方法"适合作为本文标题。故选 C 。
第二节
36. 答案：B
解析：根据下文"The short answer is 'yes'"可知，此处应填入一个问题，就上文提出的观点进行提问，而下文是给出的回答。B项(但事实真的如此吗？)切题。故选B。
37. 答案：A
解析：根据上文"But learning from our mistakes is, in reality, very hard because we don't like to fail."和下文"So we react to failure in emotional ways, like giving up on a task easily, telling ourselves we don't care whether we succeed, or finding fault with the task itself."可知，我们不喜欢失败，所以我们会用情绪化的方式来应对失败。A项(失败的滋味并不好受)切题，起到承上启下的作用。故选A。
38. 答案：E
解析：根据上文"Fortunately, there is research to suggest that there are some strategies to help us overcome the emotional barriers around failure."可知，有一些策略可以帮助我们克服失败带来的情感障碍。E项中的them指代上文提到的strategies，且E项中的 adopt a third-person view和空后提到的adopting a third-person perspective 相呼应。故选E。
39. 答案：G
解析：根据本段的主题句"A second strategy involves offering advice to others who may be in the same position as us."可知，此处建议向可能与我们处境相同的其他人提供建议，设空处应介绍这么做的好处。G项(这使得测试组的学习动机增强，学业成绩有所提高)符合语境。故选G。
40. 答案：F
解析：根据下文"But it now seems that we should be saying: 'fail again, fail smarter'. Failure is an unavoidable part of life, but by learning to overcome the emotional barriers around it, we may find the road to success is a little easier to find."可知，本句是在引用某人关于失败的言论，F项中的Fail again, fail better.对应下文的Fail again, fail smarter.。F项(作家塞缪尔 贝克特曾经说过："再次失败，却是以更好的方式失败。")切题。故选F。
第三部分 语言知识运用
第一节
41. 答案：B
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：在我大约12岁那年，母亲告诉我们，由于缺钱，我们将不会收到圣诞礼物。A. sending发送；B. receiving收到；C. making制作；D. exchanging交换。根据下文"Just when I started to accept that there would not be a Christmas gift that year"可知，作者开始接受今年不会再有圣诞礼物了，因此，母亲告诉作者不会收到圣诞礼物了。故选B。
42. 答案：A
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：我感到难过，心想："如果其他孩子问我得到了什么，我该说什么呢？"A. got得到；B. prepared准备；C. found找到；D. expected期待。根据" my mother told us that we would not be Christmas gifts for short of money."可知，作者担心其他孩子问自己得到了什么圣诞礼物不知道该怎么说。故选A。
43. 答案：D
解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：就在我开始接受那年不会有圣诞礼物的时候，三位女士出现在我们家，给我们所有人都带来了礼物。A. broke in闯入；B. settled down定居；C. showed off炫耀；C. turned up出现。根据下文"I remembered the women's visit."可知，三位女士出现在家门口，带来了圣诞礼物。故选D。
44. 答案：A
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我回到学校时，我将不再感到尴尬。A. embarrassed尴尬的；B. puzzled困惑的；C. frightened害怕的；D. inspired受鼓舞的。根据上文"What would I say when the other kids asked what I'd "以及"For me they brought a doll."可知，作者不知道如何回答孩子们的问题，感到很尴尬。故选A。
45. 答案：B
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：多年以后，当我站在新房子的厨房里，想着如何使我在那里的第一个圣诞节变得特别而难忘时，我立刻想起了女士们的来访。A. present当前的；B. first第一个；C. last最后的；D. past过去的。根据上文"when I stood in the kitchen of my new house"可知，作者要在新房子过第一个圣诞节。故选B。
46. 答案：C
解析：考查副词词义辨析。句意同上。A. hardly几乎不；B. regularly有规律地；C. immediately立即地；D. rarely罕见的。根据上文"thinking how I wanted to make my Christmas there special and memorable"可知，作者在思考如何使新房子里第一个圣诞节变得特别而难忘时，立即想起了三位女士的来访。故选C。
47. 答案：D
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：我决定要为尽可能多的孩子创造同样的重要感。A. know知道；B. mention提及；C. remember记得；D. reach到达。根据上文"as many children as"可知，作者想要为尽可能多的孩子们准备礼物。"as many…as…could reach"意思为：力所能及。故选D。
48. 答案：C
解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：所以我想出了一个计划，请公司里的40个人帮忙。A. kept up with跟上；B. caught up with赶上；C. camp up with想出；D. put up with忍受。根据下文"a plan and asked forty people from my company to help"可知，作者想出了一个计划。故选C。
49. 答案：C
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们在圣诞聚会上聚集了大约125名孤儿。A. explored探索；B. reflected反射；C. gathered聚集；D. decorated装饰。根据下文"about 125 orphans at the Christmas party."可知，作者在圣诞聚会上聚集了大约125名孤儿。故选C。
50. 答案：B
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们想让他们都知道自己很特别。A. fine美好的；B. special特别的；C. helpful有帮助的；D. normal正常的。根据上文"For every child, we wrapped colorful packages filled with toys, clothes, and school supplies, each with a child's name."可知，作者为每个孩子准备了礼物，让他们知道自己是特别的。故选B。
51. 答案：A
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：在我叫出他们的名字并递给他们礼物之前，我提醒他们，在每个孩子都走到前面之前，他们不能打开礼物。A. reminded提醒；B. warned警告；C. enabled使能够；D. promised承诺。根据下文"that they couldn't open their presents until every child had come forward."可知，递礼物时作者提醒孩子们当时不要打开礼物。故选A。
52. 答案：C
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们等待已久的时刻终于到来了，我喊道："一、二、三。打开你的礼物！"A. chance机会；B. gift礼物、天赋；C. moment时刻；D. reward回报。根据下文"they had been waiting for"和"One, two, three. Open your presents!"可知，孩子们打开礼物的那一刻终于到来了。故选C。
53. 答案：A
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：当孩子们打开他们的包裹时，他们的脸上洋溢着笑容，他们灿烂的笑容照亮了整个房间。A. lit照亮；B. took拿、取；C. burned燃烧；D. cheered欢呼。根据上文"their faces beamed"可知，孩子们收到礼物，脸上绽放笑容，笑容照亮了整个房间。故选A。
54. 答案：D
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：房间里的快乐是显而易见的，而且不仅仅是因为玩具。A. warmth温暖；B. appreciation感激；C. calmness冷静；D. joy欢乐。根据上文"their faces beamed and their bright smiles"可知，房间里充满欢乐。故选D。
55. 答案：A
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：我很重要。A. matter要紧；B. wonder想知道；C. doubt怀疑；D. suppose假设。根据上文"Somebody thought of me."可知，作者收到礼物时知道自己没有被忘记，自己是重要的。故选A。
第二节
56. 答案：has been
解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：自先秦以来，成都一直是中国重要的文化名城。根据Since the pre-Qin period可知，此处应用现在完成时；主语Chengdu是单数，动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填has been。
57. 答案：what
解析：考查主语从句。句意：但真正使这座城市在文化上与众不同的是它的歌剧。空处引导主语从句。该引导词在主语从句中作主语，指物，故用连接代词what引导。故填what。
58. 答案：the
解析：考查冠词。句意：川剧的一个重要方面是"变脸"的魔力，色彩鲜艳的面具在眨眼之间就变了。根据空后of "face changing"可知，此处特指"变脸的魔力"，故用定冠词。故填the。
59. 答案：wanting
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：在镇上的戏院和茶馆里，想要一窥当地文化的观众喜欢一边喝茶，一边听川剧，看着变脸。本句已有谓语动词，空处应填入非谓语动词作定语。被修饰名词audiences与want是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词。故填wanting。
60. 答案：invaders
解析：考查名词。句意：早期人类需要生存策略来躲避凶猛的动物和外来入侵者。根据空前的 fierce animals可知，此处应填名词与 fierce animals并列作宾语，此处指"侵略者"，应用 invade的名词形式invader，且用复数形式。故填invaders。
61. 答案：to have brought/to bring
解析：考查动词不定式。句意：据说川剧将这种情绪带到了舞台上。"sb./sth.be said +动词不定式"是固定结构，意为"据说……"，此处既可用动词不定式的一般式陈述事实，也可以用不定式的完成式强调动作发生在谓语动词is said之前。故填to have brought/to bring。
62. 答案：another
解析：考查代词。句意：表演一开始，演员就不停地拉下一个又一个面具，动作迅速，传达不同的情绪。one after another是固定短语，意为"一个又一个，一个接一个"。故填another。
63. 答案：Astonishingly
解析：考查副词。句意：令人惊讶的是，无论离舞台有多近，他们都无法分辨面具是如何变化的。空处应填入副词作状语。故填Astonishingly。
64. 答案：to
解析：考查介词。句意同上。be close to是固定短语，意为"靠近……"。故填to。
65. 答案：be found
解析：考查被动语态。句意：事实上，川剧给人们带来的不同类型的人物和性格在普通人中都可以找到。根据空前的can可知，空处应填入动词原形。主语the different kinds of characters and personalities 与动词find是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用被动语态。故填be found。
第四部分 写作
第一节
答案：
Dear John,
I'm delighted to receive your letter, in which you expressed eagerness for some information about the Earthquake Prevention and Disaster Reduction Campaign held in our school. I'm glad to share it with you.
As scheduled, the activity took place last Friday. First, all the teachers and students attended a lecture to get a good knowledge of earthquakes. During the lecture, the lecturer impressed on us the damage an earthquake can cause and how to protect ourselves when an earthquake happens through videos and pictures. After that, an earthquake prevention drill was conducted.
I've learned a lot from this activity. It is of great significance for us to master some self-help measures.
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节
答案：
One morning, the nurse arrived to check the two men, only to find the lifeless body of Ben. After his death, the room was filled with dead silence. Lying in the bed, Leo couldn't help staring at the only window, tears pouring down his cheeks. Dying to see the view described by Ben, Leo asked if he could be moved next to the window. The nurse was happy to make the switch, and after making sure he was comfortable, she left him alone. Slowly and painfully, he propped himself up on one elbow to take his first look at the world through the window.
However, he could see nothing but a blank wall of another building. Stunned and paralyzed, Leo couldn't believe what he thought to be a beautiful scene was just a blank wall. After all, Ben's descriptions of the outside world were so convincing and vivid. When he asked the nurse what could have inspired his dead roommate who had described such wonderful things outside this window, the nurse responded that the man was blind and could not even see the wall. She said, "Perhaps he just wanted to encourage you." It was Ben's devoted love to his dear friend that pictured an everlasting rainbow in Leo's world.

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