资源简介 高考高频动词一、完形填空高频动词252词汇总完形填空高频动词252词英文 中文 英文 中文accompany 陪伴;附有 respond 回应leave 离开;让…处于 ;余下 fall apart 散架;垮掉;崩溃relieve 缓解 risk 冒…的风险get hold of 领会;弄懂 search 搜索urge 敦促;催促 appear 出现arrange 安排 tour 在…旅游;在…巡回演出put forward 提出 challenge 挑战sacrifice 牺牲 stay with 呆在一起notice 请注意 hear 听到permit 许可 call on 呼吁receive 收到 spend 花refuse 拒绝 rely on 依靠replace 取代 decorate 装修treat 治疗;对待 look for 寻找appeal 呼吁; 吸引 invite 邀请wonder 想知道;惊讶 look at 看order 命令;订购;订货;点(酒菜等) come down 下来preserve 保存;保护 consider 考虑pack up 打包 beat out 打败;击败comfort 安慰 give way to 向…让步keep off 不接近 fight 打仗;战斗;打架step forward 向前走 promote 促进put on 穿上 attempt 尝试admit 承认;准许…进入 reject 拒绝predict 预测 charge 要价;指控;负责;充电get through 完成;使明白;通过电话;通过(考试) struggle 斗争;奋斗;努力take charge of 负责 occur 发生select 选择 look after 照顾read out 读出,朗读 happen 发生step forward 向前走 repeat 重复confirm 确认 provide 提供imagine 想象 wear 穿analyze 分析 move up 向上移动promise 承诺 interrupt 打断blame 责怪;指责 participate in 参与hold onto 握住;抓牢;稍等;等一下 create 创造;创作persuade 说服 pull 拉produce 生产 miss 错过;思念offer 提供 back off 后退quarrel 争吵 mix 混合recite 背诵 turn back 返回;(使)折回contribute 捐献,捐赠 go to waste 浪费hang out 晾晒(洗好的衣物);闲逛 fail 失败bath 给…洗澡;洗澡 take off 起飞;脱下;成功spread out 展开;分散 take place of 代替measure 测量 take over 接管ignore 忽略 turn in 上交;提交improve 改善 lack 缺乏lend 借出 open up 打开restrict 限制 suffer 遭受throw at 投向 go away 离开;消失set a trap of 设圈套 recognize 认出;辨别出quit 离开;辞职 pretend 假装examine 检查 decrease 减少save 救;储蓄;攒钱 satisfy 使满足point 指向;瞄准 criticize 批评come through 通过 walk around 四处走动deserve 值得;应得 connect 连接evaluate 评估 prevent 防止adopt 收养;采取 recommend 推荐;建议travel 旅行;行进 lead 带路;领路;通向observe 观察;遵守 organize 组织strike 撞;碰;罢工 lie 谎言;躺;位于lose 失去 prove 证明send 发送 forecast 预测apply 应用;申请;涂;敷 simplify 简化reply 回复 delay 延迟know about 知道;了解 book 预定wave at 朝…挥手(致意) owe 欠remind 提醒;使想起 set out 出发play with 玩 pass 通过ran 跑;经营 beat 击败post 寄;邮寄;张贴;发布 affect 影响inspire 激励;鼓舞 complain 抱怨argue 争论;争辩;认为 translate 翻译perform 表演;执行 give away 赠送;泄漏carry 携带 break 打破deal with 处理 put up 建造;搭起;设立;张贴discover 发现 skip 跳rise 上升 take hold of 抓住calm 使镇静 warn 警告appreciate 欣赏;感激 go back to 回到describe 描述 come across 偶然发现;偶然遇见sight 看到 blow up 爆炸;炸毁continue 继续 mean 意思是;打算fade away 逐渐消失 roll down 滚下contact 联系 suggest 建议;表明collect 收集 follow 跟随;跟着;遵循settle up 付清(债务);结清 respect 尊重show off 展示 expect 预料;期待live up to 不辜负 look up 查找work out 计算出 try out 尝试earn 赚 acquire 获得;购得walk up 向上走;沿…走去 put up with 忍受take advantages of 利用 hold up 举起check 检查 survive 幸存;幸免于难annoy 使恼怒;使生气 stay 停留;待;保持direct 指导;指挥 support 支持reach 达到 run off 跑开了point at 指向 pass by 经过put down 放下 request 请求advertise 做广告 spoil 破坏mix up 混淆 believe 相信pick up 拿起;接;学会 bargain 讨价还价turn away 拒绝…进入 store up 储存express 表达 choose 选择block 堵塞;阻塞 test 测试hit 打击;突然意识到 march into 行进,进入match 匹配 read 读;写着turn 转 return 返回;归还turn down 拒绝 allow 允许suppose 假设;认为 attend 出席;参加wander 漫步 picture 想象convince 使确信;使相信 present 给;呈现;主持trust 信任 seem 似乎rescue 营救 turn into 变成announce 宣布 dive 潜水donate 捐赠 cure 治愈expose 暴露 praise 赞美;表扬persuade 说服 search for 搜索astonish 使惊讶 slip away 悄悄溜走go on sale 出售 bother 打扰threaten 威胁 hide 隐藏prohibit 禁止 explore 探索embarrass 使尴尬 excuse 原谅;宽恕doubt 怀疑 drop off 中途放下(某人);中途卸下(某物)rent 租 come on (表示鼓励)来吧;加把劲show up 出现 return 返回;归还turn around 转身 point out 指出regard 将…认为;把…视为 hurry down 赶快下来set off 出发 turn out 结果put away 收好 settle down 安定下来postpone 推迟 discourage 使灰心;使泄气turn up 出现 pay off 偿清,还清(债务)count 数数;计算;重要 feel 感觉forbid 禁止 practice 实践come down 下来 lend 借出come over 过来 play jokes on 戏弄beat out 击败 cheer for 为…喝彩叫好cheat 作弊 disturb 打扰come over 过来 crash 碰撞;撞击;defend 防御;保护;保卫 approach 靠近,接近ski 滑雪 report 报告advise 建议 accept 接受think of 想到 encourage 鼓励form 形成;成立 clarify 阐明;澄清admire 欣赏;赞美;钦佩 tremble 颤抖;哆嗦,抖动matter 重要 explain 解释inform 通知 require 需要;要求gather 收集 drop along 逐步敲击come into effect 生效 come in 进来cheer 欢呼 afford 负担得起manage 管理,设法做成 make up 组成;编造;化妆run over 撞倒,碾过 pace down 沿…走turn to 转向;求助于 fix 使固定;安装;修理roll over 滚动 study 研究prepare 准备 share 分享force 强迫 stare 盯着看shake 摇 serve 提供服务;端上steal 偷 reserve 预订,预约;保留;贮备sponsor 赞助 cancel 取消affect 影响 change 改变cause 导致;引起 assist 协助solve 解决 defeat 击败;战胜hesitate 犹豫 record 记录adapt 适应 take up 开始从事;喜欢上;占用;占据,占有regret 后悔;遗憾 register for 注册put off 推迟 give up 放弃agree 同意 repair 修复fill 填满 support 支持beg 祈求 believe in 相信scold 训斥,责骂 move on 继续前进draw 画画;拖(动);拉(动);吸引,使感兴趣 stick 刺;戳;粘贴;坚持apologize 道歉 run into 遇到(问题、困难等);车辆)意外撞上bear 忍受;携带 realize 意识到declare 公布;宣布 conduct 组织;安排;实施阅读理解高频动词290词汇总高考阅读常考—动词(290)常考词 汉语 常考词 汉语accumulate 积累 force v.强迫 n.武力;暴力;力affect 影响 foster 培养analyze 分析 gain 获得apologize 道歉 gather 聚集approach v. 靠近,接近 n. 方法; 靠近 graduate 毕业assist 帮助 grasp 抓住attack 攻击; 进攻 greet 打招呼attend 出席; 注意;专心 guarantee 保证benefit v. 使受益;得益于 n.利益 guide v.指引;指导 n.指南;手册; 导游campaign v.参加运动 n.运动;活动 handle v.处理 n.把手comfort v.安慰n.舒服;安逸 hesitate 犹豫comment v.评论n.议论;评论 hide 隐藏confirm 确认 hire 雇用consume 消耗,耗费 hunt 打猎count 数数;计算;重要 ignore 忽视cure 治愈 fight 战斗;打仗delay 延迟 import 进口drop v. 落下,掉下终止 n.滴 indicate 表明encourage 鼓励 infect 感染entertain 招待,款待;使快乐 infer 推断escape 逃跑 inform 通知;告知evaluate 评价 intend 打算;计划exhibit 展览 interrupt 打断experience n.经验;经验 v.经历;经受 interview 采访;面试fail 失败 introduce 介绍;引进fit 适合 invent 发明forecast 预测 invest 投资form v.成形; 产生 n.形式; 表格 fade 褪色;变淡,变暗frighten 吓唬 kick 踢handle v. 处理 n.手柄 knock 敲ignore 忽视 lead 领导implant 植入 leak 泄漏imply 暗指;说明 march 前进impress 给…留下深刻的好印象 master v.精通;掌握n.主人introduce 介绍;引进 matter v.事关紧要;要紧 n. 问题involve 涉及;参与 measure v.测量 n.措施;方法kick 踢 memorize 记住match v.匹配 mislead 误导n.火柴;比赛prohibit 禁止 mix 混合promote 促进 motivate 使有动机publish 出版 note v.注意;留意;指出 n.笔记raise 提升,举起,筹集 obey 服从recover 恢复;找回 object v. 反对n.物体; 对象refresh 使恢复精力 observe 观察;遵守reject 拒绝 obtain 获得represent 代表 offer 提供require 要求 operate 操作;做手术rescue 营救 oppose 反对research 研究 organize 组织respond 回应 originate 起源return 返回 outbreak 爆发risk n.危险v.冒…风险 output 输出ruin v.毁坏;破坏n.废墟 overcome 克服run 跑步;管理;经营 overhear 窃听器seek 寻求 overlook 偶然听到sentence v.判刑 n.句子 perform 表演;执行serve 服务 permit 许可store v.储存 n.商店 persuade 说服suspect v.怀疑n.嫌疑人 please 使高兴;请transport 运输 point v. 指,指向;瞄准 n.论点;观点weigh 权衡 possess 拥有abandon 离弃,遗弃 post 邮递;张贴;公布absorb 吸收 predict 预测remove 去除 preferred 更喜欢accompany 陪伴 prohibit 禁止achieve 实现 promote 促进;推动;促销;晋升acknowledge 承认 pronounce 发音acquire 获得 propose 建议adjust 调节;适应 prove 证明adopt 采用;领养 publish 出版advertise 做广告;登广告 punish 惩罚affect 影响 purchase 购买afford 负担得起 ensure 确保aid 帮助 react 反应analyze 分析 recognize 认出;识别mention 提到 recommend 推荐;建议approve 赞成;批准 reduce 减少argue 争论;主张 reflect 反映arise 发生;产生 reform 改革assess 评估 refuse 拒绝deserve 应得;值得 regain 再次得到attract 吸引 register 登记bite 咬 release 释放blame 责备 rent v. 租用 n.租金block v. 阻碍n.大块;街区 replace 代替boom v.轰鸣; 迅速发展 n. 激增,繁荣 request 请求bounce 弹起,弹跳 rescue 营救breathe 呼吸 research 研究brighten 照亮; (使)快活起来 respond 回应broadcast 广播 retire 退休bury 埋葬 review 复习;检查;评论calculate 计算 revise 修改campaign v.参加运动 n.运动;活动; 战役 reward 奖励; 回报;报酬cancel 取消 encourage 鼓励cause v. 造成;引起n.原因 roll 翻滚,滚动charge 要价;指控;负责;充电 extend 延伸chatted 闲聊 sacrifice 牺牲cheat 欺骗; 作弊 scan 扫描check 检查 scream 尖叫combine 结合 explain 解释favor 赞成; 喜爱 select 选择;挑选communicate 沟通 settle 解决;定居compete 竞争 shake 摇动;抖动complain 抱怨 shoot 射击;拍摄complete 完成 sob 抽噎concern 涉及; 让(某人)担忧 specialize 专门从事conclude 得出结论 spin 旋转conduct 组织;安排 spread 传播confirm 确认 squeeze 挤压consider 考虑 starve 饿死consume 消费 state v.陈述;说明 n. 状态;情况;国家;州contact 接触 step v.迈步;踩n.步伐;一步contain 包含 stick v. 刺;戳;插入粘贴 n. 枝条continue 持续 strengthen 加强convey 传达 stress v.强调 n. 压力convince 使确信;使相信;说服 stretch 伸展cooperate 合作 study 学习;研究fold 折叠 substitute 代替cover v.遮盖n.覆盖物;封面 succeed 成功crash 碰撞;倒闭;崩溃 summarize 总结create 创造 sunburn 晒伤damage 损害 supply 供给dare 敢 survive 幸存deal v.处理 n.大量;交易 sweep 打扫debate 辩论 threaten 威胁declare 公布;宣布 toast 干杯decline 下降;拒绝 transfer 转移deepen 深化 transform 使改变形态defeat 击败 translate 翻译delay 延迟 transport 运输deliver 递送;接生;做讲座 unfold 展开;打开deny 否认 update 更新depart 离开;起程 upgrade 升级design 设计 vote 投票despite 尽管 weigh 权衡destroy 破坏 whisper 耳语dig 挖掘 widen 拓宽digest 消化;理解 wipe 擦distinguish 区分 envy 嫉妒distribute 分配 estimate 估计disturb 打扰 evaluate 评价dive 潜水 examine 检查divide 分开,分散 exchange 交换donate 捐赠 exhibit 展览drag 拖,拉,拽 exist 存在draw 画;拖(动);拉(动);吸引,使感兴趣 fasten 系牢三、高频核心动词知识点梳理Group1Adopt一,变形:adopts; adopting; adopted; adopted;二,词义:vt.1)领养 adopt a child2)采纳,接受(方法,态度)e.g. They adopted three ways to solve the problems.n. adoption三, 形近词:adapt (to)调整;适应advise一,变形: advises; advising; advised; advised;二, 词义:Vt. 1)advise sb. to do sth.建议某人做某事;e.g. I advise you to make a negotiation with Professor. Smith.2) advise doing sth. 建议做某事e.g. I advise booking the hotel in advance.三、拓展:1)n. (U)advice;a piece of advice;Consult一,变形:consults; consulting; consulted; consulted;二,词义:Vt.1)咨询,请教e.g. If you have problems, please consult your lawyer.2) consult with sb. on/about sth.关于某事与某人商量e.g. You should consult with your teachers on the courses.3) 查阅,参看e.g. Consult the manual on how to use it.n (C) consultant,. 顾问三,近义: refer to查阅,参看Occupy一,变形:Occupies; occupying; occupied;二,词义;vt.使从事;使忙碌;占有1)使用,占用(时间,空间,面积等)e.g. occupy time2)使从事;使忙于…Occupy sb./sth./ oneself (in doing sth)e.g. She occupies herself with many tasks.3)占领;侵占e.g. The city was occupied by the army.三,近义:1)占用时间:take up2)使从事/忙于 engage in…四,派生:occupation,n. (U)侵占/占领;(C)工作/职业;memorize一,变形:memorizes; memorizing; memorized; memorized;二,词义:记住,记忆e.g. You should memorize the way to school.三,派生:memory, n. (C)记忆,记性Good /bad memory 记忆力好/不好;In memory of sb.纪念某人e.g. We draw a picture in memory of our friendship.拓展:ise=ize “使”;advertise; criticize; authorizeStick一,变形:sticks;sticking; stuck; stuck;二,词义:.1.1)Vt.将…刺入;戳;插入;stick sth. in/into sth.e.g. The needle is stuck into my arm.2)vt. 粘贴e.g. I stuck the pictures into the album.3)vi. 卡住;阻塞e.g. The key has stuck in the hole.4) stick at sth 坚持做某事;e.g. You have to stick at your plan.5) stick out 显眼,引人注意;e.g. Your accent sticks out.2. n. (C)枝条;棍子;Acquire一,变形:acquires; acquiring; acquired; acquired;二, 词义:vt.获得,得到(知识,名声)e.g. acquire knowledge/reputation三, 近义:get; obtain1)Get 收到;得到(不需要强调努力的过程)2)Obtain 通过努力获得(信息,许可)obtain information/permissionInstruct一,变形: instructs; instructing; instructed; instructed二,词义:Vt.1)(fml))命令,指示;e.g. His boss instructs him to do it immediately.2) 教授,传授(技能);e.g. All the workers are instructed to learn English.三, 近义: direct, command, order1)Order(利用职位/权利)指挥,命令;2)instruct(正式/官方方式)命令;3)direct指正式发出指示、命令4) command指利用权力命令派生:n. Instruction; instructive, adj.Weep一,变形:weeps; weeping; wept;wept;三,词义:vi.1)(因悲伤)哭泣,流泪e.g. weep for joy高兴得流泪;e.g. weep over one’s death 因某人过世而哭泣;2) 流出;渗出;e.g. The water weeps out from the dirt.n. 哭泣;落泪;recommend建议,推荐10. stress一. 变形:stresses; stressing; stressed; stressed;二,词义 Vt. 1)stress sth.重视;着重e.g. stress the importance of education2) stress out 使焦虑不安e.g. Do not stress out when you are giving a speech.n.1) (U) 精神压力e.g. suffer from stress有精神压力;e.g. cope with stress处理压力2)(U)lay stress on…重视,强调e.g. The teacher laid stress on homework.三,近义:emphasize, vt.11. urge.一,变形 urges; urging; urged; urged二, 词义Vt. 1) 催促某人做某事urge sb. to do sth.e.g. He urges the boy to walk fast.2)强烈要求,极力推荐;urges sth,e.g. The situation urges immediate action.n. (C) 欲望,冲动三,派生:urgent, adj.紧急的,迫切的12. terrify一,变形:terrifies ;terrifying: terrified: terrified二,词义:Vt.使恐惧,恐吓e.g. The dog terrifies the boy.三.派生:1) terrified, adj. 主语是人:terrifying, adj. 主语是物2) terrorist, n . (C)恐怖分子三,拓展:-fy使…satisfy; intensify; gratify13. swear一,变形:swears: swearing: swore: sworn二,词义:Vi. 1) ~ (at sb/sth) 咒骂;诅咒;e.g. She fell over and swore at others.2) 郑重承诺;发誓要;表示决心要e.g. I swear that I will past the test.三,同义: curse, vi; n. (C) 诅咒;咒语14. arrange一,变形:arranges: arranging: arranged: arranged二,词义:Vt. 1)安排,筹备; e.g. arrange a meeting;2) 布置,整理;e.g. arrange the flowers in the vase;派生:n. (C), arrangement15. support一,变形:supports: supporting: supported: supported二,词义:Vt. 1) 鼓励,支持;e.g. Parents support their children.2) 帮助,援助e.g. He supports the poor.3) 支撑e.g. The board supports the baby..n. (U)鼓励,资助;三, 同义: help, n.(U) /vt.; encourage, vt. Encouragement, n. (C);16. achieve一,变形:achieves: achieving: achieved: achieved二,词义:Vt. (凭长期努力)获得,达到(某目标、地位、标准)e.g. He finally achieved success.三,同义:attain, vt. (通常经过努力)获得,得到;e.g. attain a licence四,派生 achievement, n. (C) 成就,成绩;(U)完成e.g.a sense of achievement17. grasp一,变形:grasps: grasping: grasped: grasped二,词义:Vt. 1) 抓紧;抓牢e.g. He grasped my hand 2) 理解;领会;领悟;e.g. They failed to grasp the importance of education.三,同义:hold on抓住,不松手;cling(用身体)紧抱;clutch(用手)抓紧;18. announce一,变形:announces: announcing: announced: announced二,词义:Vt. 1) announce sth. to sb. 宣布,宣告(决定、计划等) 2)声称;宣称 e.g. She announces that she will give up smoking.n. announcement三,近义辨析:1)declare (fml)官方宣布:declare war2)indicate (fml) 表明,暗示3) announce 正式宣布计划;决定19. mark一,变形:marks: marking: marked: marked二,词义:Vt. 1) mark A (with B) 做记号,做标记e.g. Mark the goods with different pens.2) 打分;e.g. The teachers have to mark students’ homework.n. (C) 分数,记号; 污点,疤痕;三,同义:sign. N. (迹象,手势);symbol(标志,象征)Group 21、prove verb一、变形:过去式: proved 过去分词: proven 现在分词: proving 第三人称单数: proves二、词义:1)V-LINK 证明是;原来是;结果是We have been accused of exaggerating before, but unfortunately all our reports proved to be true...以前一直有人指责我们夸大事实,但遗憾的是,我们所有的报道都证明是真实的。In the past this process of transition has often proven difficult. 过去这一过渡过程常常很艰难。2)VERB 证明;证实You brought this charge. You prove it!... 你提出了这项控告。你拿出证据来!The results prove that regulation of the salmon farming industry is inadequate.结果证明对鲑鱼饲养行业的管理不够完善。3)VERB 证明;显示Margaret proved herself to be a good mother... 玛格丽特证明了自己是个好妈妈。As a composer he proved himself adept at large dramatic forms... 身为作曲家的他证明了自己在创作大型戏剧方面驾轻就熟。4)PHRASE 证明自己的能力(或知识)They made a 3,000 mile detour simply to prove a point. 他们绕行3,000英里只是为了证明自己能够做到。三、常用词组prove out 成功:结果很好;成功12、reward n./vt.一、词义:1、n. 复数: rewards1) N-COUNT 奖励;奖赏A bonus of up to 5 per cent can be added to a pupil's final exam marks as a reward for good spelling and grammar.小学生期末考试的分数最多可以加5分,作为对其拼写和语法正确的奖励。2) N-COUNT 报答;回报;酬谢Potentially high financial rewards are attached to senior hospital posts.当上医院的高级职员就有可能享受丰厚的经济报酬。2、vt. 过去式: rewarded 过去分词: rewarded 现在分词: rewarding 第三人称单数: rewards词义:奖赏;奖励;酬谢Make the extra effort to impress the buyer and you will be rewarded with a quicker sale.多用心去打动顾客,货物就会更快售出。二、常用词组:to reward sb for sth因某事而奖励某人People should be rewarded for special effort.格外出力的人应该受到奖励。三、同义词辨析award : 侧重指官方或经正式研究裁决后对有功者或竞赛优胜者所给予的奖励。reward : 指对品德高尚和勤劳的人所给予的奖励。也可指为某事付酬金。13、appearance n.一、变形:复数: appearances二、词义:1)) 出现;显现The prompt appearance of the police prevented trouble.警察的迅速出现防止了骚乱的发生。2)外表;外貌,外观She takes great care over her appearance.她很注重自己的外表。三、常用词组1、keep up appearances (尤指为了掩饰真实情况而)维持门面,装门面,装体面2、make (或 put in) an appearance尤指出于礼节而)短时间到场,露面,亮相3、to (或 by) all appearances 就表面看来,就所能看到的情况而言To all appearances, it had been a normal day.四、同义词辨析appearance, look, face,这些名词均含事物或人的"外表,容貌"之意。appearance : 普通用词,着重由总体产生的印象。look : 普通用词,多用复数,可与appearance换用,但较口语化。face : 侧重指容貌。appear v.一、变形:过去式: appeared 过去分词: appeared 现在分词: appearing 第三人称单数: appears二、词义:1)出现, 显现,呈现We expected him, but he never appeared.我们等他, 他却一直没来。2)好像;似乎;看来The aircraft appears to have crashed near Katmandu.飞机似乎在加德满都附近坠毁了。3)(书籍等)出版,发表,问世I could hardly wait for 'Boys' World' to appear each month. 每个月我都翘首期盼着《男孩世界》的出版。link-v. 显得, 似乎,看来It appeared that he had a taste for music.看来他对音乐还有一定的鉴赏力。15、figure n./v.一、词义1. n. 复数: figures1)数字;位数It would be very nice if we had a true figure of how many people in this country haven't got a job.如果我们能得到该国失业人口的真实数字就好了。2) N-COUNT 人影;身影She waited, standing on the bridge, until his figure vanished against the grey backdrop of the Palace.她站在桥上,一直等到他的身影消失在宫殿灰色的阴影中。3) N-COUNT 体形;身材Take pride in your health and your figure.为自己的健康和体形感到骄傲吧。4) 人物;雕像;塑像Daniel Boone, the great hero figure of the frontier丹尼尔·布恩——西部伟大的英雄形象2. v. 过去式: figured 过去分词: figured 现在分词: figuring 第三人称单数: figures1)以为;推断;认为She figured that both she and Ned had learned a lot from the experience.她认为自己和内德都从这一经历中学到了很多东西。2)计算I figured the total to be more than Jan made it.我算出的总数比简算出的多。常用词组:1、to figure sth out | to figure out sth 算出Can you figure out the price per kilo for me 你能帮我算算每千克的价格吗?2、to figure sth/sb out | to figure out sth/sb想出;理解;弄清It took them about one month to figure out how to start the equipment.他们花了约一个月的时间才搞清楚如何启动这一设备。3、to figure sth up | to figure up sth 把…总计起来Give me a minute to figure up how much you owe me.给我一分钟时间合计一下你欠我多少钱。16、profit n./v.一、词义:1. n. 复数: profits1) 利润;收益You can improve your chances of profit by sensible planning.可以通过合理规划来提高盈利的可能性。常用词组:to make a profit 盈利;获利Despite the huge costs of setting it up, the exhibition made a profit.尽管展览举办费用高昂,但还是有所盈利。2)获利;盈利to sell sth. at a profit 出售某物获利I sold my shares in the company at a profit.我卖掉了公司的股份,从中赚了一笔。2. v. 过去式: profited 过去分词: profited 现在分词: profiting 第三人称单数: profits1) 盈利;获取利润;赚钱He has profited by selling his holdings to other investors.他将自己的股票卖给其他投资者,从中获利。2) 得益(于);对…有益;对…有好处So far the French alliance had profited the rebels little.到目前为止叛军都没有从法国同盟那里获得什么好处。profitable adj.一、词义:1) 盈利的;有利润的;赚钱的Drug manufacturing is the most profitable business in America.制药业是美国利润最丰厚的业务。2)有利可图的;有益的;有用的a profitable exchange of personnel and ideas人员和思想的有益交流17、campaign n./vi/一、词义:1. n. 复数: campaigns1) (为达到社会、政治或商业目的而进行的)运动,活动Apacs has launched a campaign to improve the training of staff.雅拍公司开展了加强员工培训的活动。常用词组:a campaign against sth. 反对…的运动the campaign against public smoking反对在公共场所吸烟的运动a campaign to get sth. done 促成某事的运动a campaign to get the prisoners released一场争取囚犯获释的运动2)(包括一系列战斗的)战役a bombing campaign轮番轰炸2. v. 过去式: campaigned 现在分词: campaigning 第三人称单数: campaigns1) 发起运动;开展活动They have been campaigning to improve the legal status of women.他们一直在为提高妇女的法律地位而奔走呼号。常用词组:to campaign for sth为…宣传呼吁He campaigned for political reform.他宣传呼吁进行政治改革。to campaign against sth宣传呼吁反对…The union has campaigned against the legislation.工会积极活动反对这一立法。2)作战The 10th Cavalry campaigned in the Southern Plains from 1867 to 1875.第10骑兵部队于1867年到1875年间在南部平原作战。二、同义词辨析battle, war, campaign这些名词均有"战斗,战争"之意。battle : 侧重指战争中的一次较全面、时间较长的战斗,也指陆军或海军在某一特定地区进行的战斗,或个人之间的争斗。war : 是战争的总称,一般指包括多个战役的大规模战争。campaign : 通常指在一场大的战争中在某一地区进行的一连串有既定目的的军事行动。也可作引申用。19、target n./v.一、词义1. n. 复数: targets1)(袭击的)目标,对象,靶子All the missiles hit the designated targets.所有导弹都击中了指定目标。2)目的;目标the park's annual target of 11 million visitors公园每年接纳1,100万游客的目标常用词组:1. to set a target制订目标2.to meet a target | to meet your target达到目标3.to miss your target | to miss the target未达到目标4. on target 击中要害的,准确的:完全准确的、精确的或有效的observations that were right on target2. v. 过去式: targeted过去分词: targeted 现在分词: targeting第三人称单数: targets1) 攻击;批评;以…为攻击目标He targets the economy as the root cause of the deteriorating law and order situation.他抨击经济是治安状况不断恶化的根源。2) 瞄准;面向;尽力吸引The company has targeted adults as its primary customers.这家公司将成年人作为其主要顾客。20、burden n./v.一、词义:1. n. 复数: burdens1) 重担;负担The developing countries bear the burden of an enormous external debt.发展中国家承受着巨大的外债负担。词组:to be a burden to sb | to be a burden on sb成为某人的负担She went into a nursing home so as not to be a burden on her family.为了不成为家庭的负担,她进了养老院。2)重负;负荷;负重A vastly disproportionate burden falls on women for child care.照料孩子的重担落在了女性身上。2. v. 过去式: burdened 过去分词: burdened 现在分词: burdening 第三人称单数: burdens1)加负荷于;使负担They could bring more accountability to tourist operators and tourists without burdening the taxpayer too much.他们可以让旅行社和游客承担更多责任,而不给纳税人过多的负担。词组:to burden sb. with sth. 用…烦扰某人I would not dream of burdening anyone with my problems.我压根不想拿我的问题去烦扰任何人。Group31、control verb, n.一、词义:v.过去式: controlled 过去分词: controlled 现在分词: controlling 第三人称单数: controls1)控制, 抑制, 支配He tried to control me.他试图支配我。I couldn't control myself, and I hit him.我气得不得了就打了他。2)管理, 操纵A captain controls his ship and its crew.船长管理他的船和船上的船员。3)克制,约束He controlled his anger and left the school.他压住怒火离开了学校。4)核实;验证;检查The accounts of the whole company are controlled in this department.整个公司的账目都是由这个部门检查。二、n.1)控制, 支配, 管理She argued for import control.她主张实行进口限制。2)管理手段She explained the controls of the washing machine.她解释了这台洗衣机的控制系统。三、常用词组1)in control(对形势、人或活动)能指挥的,能控制的2)out of control失去控制3)under control(危险,紧急情况)处于控制之下eg:It took two hours to bring the blaze under control.2、test noun, verb一.词义:n.1)测验The candidate has passed all the tests.那个应试者已通过所有的考试。2)化验You'd better not eat anything before a blood test.在验血前你最好不要吃任何东西。3)试验, 检验Tests have shown that these new tyres are significantly safer.试验表明这些新的轮胎要安全得多。4)考验Obviously they were putting him to a severe test.显然他们是在给他以严峻的考验。5)试验品, 试金石; 试验的手段Employers will use this agreement as a test in dealing with future wage claims.雇主们将这份协议当作处理未来加薪要求的判断准绳。vt.1)测验, 考查, 检查, 检验I'll test my judgement.我要考查一下自己的判断能力。2)考验Your patience is tested by time.时间将考验你的耐心。vi.1)测得结果He tested high in English, but low in Physics.他在英语测验中考了高分,但在物理测验中却考出低分。2)进行试验;进行测验;测试鉴定(与for连用)He used different methods to test for allergies.他用不同的方法测定变态反应性。二、常用词组1)put someone/thing to the test 使经受考验;检验;试验2)stand the test of time 经得起时间的考验(或检验等)3)test the water 试探,摸底三、同义词examination, test, quiz, exam 这些名词均含"考试"之意。examination : 通常指为检查学生知识或能力而举行的正式考试,有时也指临时考试。test : 多指有具体目的的临时性考试或小考。quiz : 指时间较短,随时进行的口头或书面的非正式测验。exam系examination的缩略形式,口语用词,通俗。3、admire v.一、变形:过去式: admired 过去分词: admired 现在分词: admiring 第三人称单数: admires二、词义:1)赞赏; 钦佩; 仰慕We admire his working so hard.我们钦佩他工作努力。2)称赞, 夸奖Don't forget to admire the baby.不要忘了夸奖那孩子。3)〈美口〉想要, 喜欢We would admire to hear.我们喜欢听。4、threaten v.一、变形: 过去式: threatened 过去分词: threatened 现在分词: threatening 第三人称单数: threatens二、词义:1)恐吓, 威胁They entreated and threatened, but all this seemed of no avail.他们时而恳求, 时而威胁, 但这一切看来都没有用。The boss threatened to fire her.老板威胁要开除她。2)预示(某事)The black clouds threaten a storm.乌云预示暴风雨的来临。四、词根 -en后缀: -en 1. 表动词,"变成"; 2. 表形容词,"由……制成的",通常加在名词后面; 3. 表名词,"人或物"1. adj.1)straiten 艰难的strait海峡,困难+en变成→adj.艰难的2)golden 金黄色的;贵重的,极好的gold金+en由……制成的→adj.金黄色的;贵重的,极好的3)oaken 橡木制的oak橡树+en由……制成的→adj.橡木制的4)waxen 蜡的,蜡制的wax蜡+en由……制成的→adj.蜡的,蜡制的2. n.1)chicken 鸡肉;鸡,小鸡,小鸟chick小鸡+en人或物→n.鸡肉;鸡,小鸡,小鸟2)citizen 公民;市民,居民city城市+en人或物→citizen3)heathen 异教徒heath荒野,树丛+en人或物→n.异教徒4)kitten 小猫kit=cat猫+en人或物→kitten5)maiden 少女,处女maid少女+en人或物→n.少女,处女 adj.未婚的,纯洁的,无经验的3.v.1)brighten [使]变亮,[使]愉快bright明亮的+en变成→v.[使]变亮,[使]愉快2)broaden 放宽,变阔broad宽+en变成→v.放宽,变阔3)dampen [使]潮湿,使沮丧,泼凉水damp潮湿+en变成→v.[使]潮湿,使沮丧,泼凉水4)darken [使]变黑[变暗]dark黑+en变成→v.[使]变黑[变暗]5)frighten 使惊吓;惊恐fright惊骇,吃惊+en变成→v.使惊吓;惊恐6)hasten 催促5、fear noun, verb一、词义:1、n.1)害怕, 恐惧He couldn't move for fear.他害怕得动弹不得。2)可能性There is no fear of that happening.那事绝不可能发生。2、vt. 过去式: feared 过去分词: feared 现在分词: fearing 第三人称单数: fears1)畏惧, 害怕, 担心He did not fear to die.他不怕死。Experts fear that there will be new outbreak of the disease.专家们担心这种疾病会再度流行。2)为…忧虑(或担心、焦虑)They feared the worst.他们担心会发生最坏的情况。vi.1)害怕, 忧虑Never fear—I will hold your hand.别怕, 我会握住你的手。二、常用词组1)for fear of (或 that) 以免No one dared refuse the order for fear of losing their job.2)never fear[用来宽慰人]别害怕,别担心We shall meet again, never fear.3)no fear (英,非正式)[表断然否认或拒绝]绝不,当然不‘Are you coming with me ’ ‘No fear—it's too exciting here.’.4)put the fear of God in (或 into) someone 恐吓5)without fear or favour 公正地,公平地三、同义词alarm, fear, fright, horror, panic, terror, dread 这些名词均含"恐惧,惧怕,惊恐"之意。alarm : 强调突然意识到有危险而产生的恐惧心理。fear : 普通用词,侧重指面临危险或灾祸时内心所引起的恐惧心情。fright : 通常指一阵突然的、令人震惊的短暂恐惧,有时含夸张意味。horror : 侧重指因看到令人讨厌或危险的东西或情景而引起的厌恶情绪、极度恐惧心情或战栗的动作。panic : 常指因突如其来的外界威胁使人群出现惊慌、恐惧或混乱。terror : 指极大的恐惧和惊骇,语气最强。dread : 可与fear换用,着重害怕的心理,但dread常指胆怯和丧失勇气。6、opportunity n. 复数: opportunities一、词义1)机会, 时机Good luck is when an opportunity comes along and you're prepared for it. 好运就是当机会来临时,你早已做好了准备。二、常用搭配opportunity knocks 成功的机会来了三、同义词chance, opportunity, occasion 这些名词均含"机会"之意。chance : 侧重指偶然或意外的机会,有时也指正常或好的机会。opportunity : 侧重指有利或适合于采取行动,以达到某一目的或实现某种愿望的最佳时机或机会。occasion : 指特殊时机或良机,也指时节。comment noun, verb一、词义:1、n. 复数: comments1)评论;意见He made his comments at a news conference in Amsterdam... 他在阿姆斯特丹的记者招待会上发表了意见。I was wondering whether you had any comments about that ... 请问您对此有何见解?2)N-SING (通常是不好的事的)体现,写照He argues that family problems are typically a comment on some unresolved issues in the family.他认为各种家庭问题通常都反映出家庭内部存在一些有待解决的矛盾3)无可奉告(通常用于回答记者的提问)No comment. I don't know anything.无可奉告。我什么都不知道。2、v. 过去式: commented 过去分词: commented 现在分词: commenting 第三人称单数: comments1)发表意见;作出评论So far, Mr Cook has not commented on these reports... 到目前为止,库克先生仍未就这些报道发表评论。Stratford police refuse to comment on whether anyone has been arrested...斯特拉福德警方拒绝对是否已有人被捕一事发表任何评论。二、词组搭配no comment 无可奉告17、apology n. 复数: apologies一、词义:1)道歉;认错;愧疚的表示We received a letter of apology.我们收到了一封致歉信。2)(表示或作出)道歉His mother offered her apologies to the Jones family.他的母亲向琼斯一家赔了不是。二、常用词组make apologies to | offer apologies to 向…道歉In Chinese culture, people make apologies to others by pouring them tea as a sign of regret or submission.在中国文化里,人们用倒茶的方式向他人道歉,表示悔意或谦恭。apologize vi.变形:过去式: apologized 过去分词: apologized 现在分词: apologizing 第三人称单数: apologizes词义:~ for道歉;认错Two years ago, Congress formally apologized for the internment... 两年前,国会就此拘留事件正式道歉。I apologize for being late... 我为自己的迟到致歉。7、celebrate v. celebrated celebrated celebrating celebratesvt. 祝贺His victory was celebrated with music and dancing.人们载歌载舞祝贺他的胜利。vi. 庆祝I was in a mood to celebrate.我想庆祝一下。celebrate with sb. for sth.But I want to celebrate with you for your success. 我想要跟你一起庆祝!派生词:celebration n. 庆典,庆祝会I can tell you, there was a celebration in our house that night.跟你说吧,那天晚上我们在家里搞了个庆祝活动。celebrated adj. 著名的;有名望的He was soon one of the most celebrated young painters in England.他很快就跻身于英国最著名的青年画家行列。8、gift n./vt.n. 1) 礼物;礼品They believed the unborn child was a gift from God. 他们认为腹中的孩子是上帝赐予的礼物。2) 天赋;天才;才能Her grandmother had the gift of making people happy. 她奶奶有逗人开心的本事。v. 赠送to gift sth to sb.= to gift sb sth赠送某人某物I suggest he simply gifts the flat to his daughter.=I suggest he simply gifts his daughter the flat.我建议他直接把公寓赠送给他女儿得了。派生词:gifted adj.有天赋的;有才华的Sun Yang is one of the most gifted players in the world.孙杨世界上最有天赋的运动员之一。9、cycle n./vi./vt.1)n. 循环;周而复始They must break out of the cycle of violence.他们必须打破暴力循环。2)周期Women have a monthly cycle of temperature variation.女性有一个体温变化的月周期。3) 自行车;三轮车He got back on his cycle and sped home.他踏着自行车快速奔向家去。vi. 骑自行车;骑三轮车Over 1,000 riders cycled 100 miles around the Vale of York.一千多人围着约克谷地骑行了100英里。vt.使轮转;使循环He cycled to Beijing.他骑车去了北京。11、invite vt./n.vt. 1)邀请I invited her for a coffee.我邀请她喝了杯咖啡。2) 请求,要求to invite sb to do sth请求某人做某事;要求某人做某事Managers will be invited to apply for a management buy-out.经理们将被请求申请管理层收购。n. 邀请;请帖They haven't got an invite to the wedding.他们没有收到婚礼请帖。invitation 复数: invitations1)邀请The Syrians have not yet accepted an invitation to attend.叙利亚人还没有接到出席邀请。2) 诱因;招致…的行为Don't leave your shopping on the back seat of your car — it's an open invitation to a thief.别把买的东西放在汽车后座上——那会招来小偷的。comfort n./vt.n. 复数: comforts1)舒适;舒服This will enable the audience to sit in comfort while watching the shows.这样能够让观众舒舒服服地坐着看表演。2)安慰;慰藉He will be able to take some comfort from inflation figures due on Friday.预定星期五发布的通货膨胀数字将会给他一些宽慰。vt. 安慰;抚慰Ned put his arm around her, trying to comfort her. 内德搂着她,想安慰她。comfortable adj.1)舒适的;安逸的Trainers are so comfortable to wear.运动鞋穿起来真舒适。2)自在的;放心的;不紧张的to be comfortable about sth | to be comfortable with sth对…很放心;对…感到舒服Nervous politicians might well feel more comfortable with/about a step-by-step approach.神经脆弱的政治家当然更希望采用按部就班的做法。Group41、sense n./vt.一、变形: sensed sensed sensing senses二、词义:1)N-COUNT 感觉官能(即视觉、嗅觉、听觉、触觉、味觉)She stared at him again, unable to believe the evidence of her senses.她再度盯着他看,无法相信自己的眼睛和耳朵。2)VERB 感觉到;觉察到;意识到She probably sensed that I wasn't telling her the whole story...她可能意识到了我并没有对她全盘托出。三、常用词组A sense of …的感觉make sense 有意义;讲得通;言之有理sense of responsibility 责任感,责任心四、派生词Sensible adj. 明智的;明显的;意识到的;通晓事理的The sensible thing is to leave them alone.明智的做法是不理他们。doubt n./vt./vi一、变形:复数: doubts 过去式: doubted 过去分词: doubted 现在分词: doubting 第三人称单数: doubts二、词义1)N-VAR 怀疑;疑虑I had my doubts when she started, but she's getting really good...她刚开始做时我心存疑虑,但她真的做得很好。2)VERB 不能肯定;认为…未必可能;怀疑(某事物的真实性);怀疑,不相信(某人或某人的话)He doubted if he would learn anything new from Marie. 他认为他不太可能从玛丽那儿学到任何新东西。Nobody that I spoke to doubted his sincerity as a politician. 和我谈过话的人中没有一个怀疑他作为一个政治家的诚意。I still have no reason to doubt his word. 我还是没有理由怀疑他的话。三、常用词组there is no doubt that 毫无疑问And there is no doubt that in these books you see these men at their best.而且毫无疑问,在这些书里,你可以看到这些人正处于他们的最佳状态四、派生词Doubtful adj.难以预测的; 难以预料的,未定局的;怀疑的,拿不准的;不明不白1)ADJ-GRADED 未必的;不大可能的;怀疑的;疑惑的;拿不定主意的It is doubtful whether Tweed, even with his fluent French, passed for one of the locals...尽管特威德能说一口流利的法语,他是否能被当作当地人还很难说。I was still very doubtful about the chances for success...我对能否成功仍然深表怀疑。5、view n./vt.一、变形:复数:views 过去式:viewed 过去分词:viewed 现在分词:viewing 第三人称单数:views二、词义1)N-COUNT 观点;看法;见解;态度;景观;景色;风景;(尤指)美景Washington and Moscow are believed to have similar views on Kashmir.据信华盛顿和莫斯科在克什米尔问题上的看法相似。Each of the rooms has a superb view of Pissouri Bay. 每个房间都能将皮苏里湾的美景尽收眼底。2)N-SING (对某一问题的)看法,考虑,思量The drama takes an idealistic, even a naive view of the subject... 这部戏在对待这一主题上有些理想化,甚至是天真。3)VERB 考虑;看待Abigail's mother Linda views her daughter's talent with a mixture of pride and worry...阿比盖尔的母亲琳达带着一种又骄傲又担忧的复杂情绪看待女儿的才华。三、常用词组in view of adv. 鉴于;考虑到In view of all of these factors, we can get the conclusion: young should choose his job according to his interest.考虑到所有这些因素,我们能得出这样的结论:年轻人应该根据自己的兴趣来选择职业。四、派生词Viewpoint n. 观点,意见,角度; 视角; <物>视点;N-COUNT 观点;看法;角度;视角;角度;观察点The novel is shown from the girl's viewpoint...这部小说是从这个女孩的视角来叙述的You have to know where to stand for a good viewpoint.你得知道站在哪里观察角度比较理想。calm adj./vt./vi./n./一、变形:复数: calms 过去式: calmed 过去分词: calmed 现在分词: calming 第三人称单数: calms二、词义1)ADJ-GRADED 镇定的;镇静的;冷静的;平静的;安定的She is usually a calm and diplomatic woman.她通常沉着而老练。The city of Sarajevo appears relatively calm today. 萨拉热窝城今天显得相对平静些。2)VERB 使平静;使安静;使镇定;平定;使安定;使有秩序Tranquilliser drugs were used to calm the deportees.使用了镇静剂来让被放逐者们安静下来。Officials hoped admitting fewer foreigners would calm the situation. 官员们希望通过减少外国人入境的数量来使局势平定下来。3)N-UNCOUNT 平静;安静;宁静;(帆船比赛中的)静风,风平浪静...the rural calm of Grand Rapids, Michigan. 密歇根州大急流城田园般的宁静。We had the whole gamut of wind from a dead calm to a force 10 gale. 我们这里什么风都有,从风平浪静到十级大风。三、常用词组calm down 平静下来;镇定下来四、派生词Calmly adv. 冷静地;平静地;安静地;calmness n. 冷静,镇静;平静,安宁;Most people do not understand, so they try to find calmness, but without success.大多数人不懂这个,所以他们虽然想要寻求平静,但都不成功。respond vt./vi.1)vt. responded responded ponding responds回复;回答She responded scornfully.她不屑地回答道。2)vi.①回复;回答 respond to sb/sth 回复…It seems likely that Wiseman was responding to a letter written prior to Smith's death.似乎怀斯曼正在回复一封在史密斯去世之前写的信。②回应;响应;作出反应 to respond with sth 以…回应The army responded with gunfire and tear gas.部队开火并喷射催泪瓦斯予以回击。responsible 负责的,可靠的;有责任的responsive 响应的;应答的;回答的At hearing his name spoken, the dog gave a responsive wag of his tail.听到有人喊它的名字,这条狗摆了摆尾巴。promise vt./vi./n.1)vt. promised promised promising promises①保证;允诺;答应The leaders have promised a return to full democracy.领导人已经承诺要回归完全的民主。to promise to do sth 答应做某事I promised to take my children to the funfair on Saturday.我答应周六带孩子们去游乐场。to promise sb (that)... 向某人保证…He promised his mother that he would write.他向妈妈保证说会写信。②将…许配;为…订婚to be promised to sb被许配给某人;与某人订婚I'm promised to Bill.我和比尔订了婚。③答应给予;承诺给予;保证让…得到to promise sth to sb | to promise sb sth 答应给某人某物I've promised this picture to my son.我已经答应把这幅画送给我的儿子。2)vi. 有可能;有指望;有前途to promise to be sth 可能是…;有希望是…The seminar also promises to be most instructive.这次研讨会可能会颇具启发性。3)n. 复数: promises诺言;承诺;保证to make a promise 许下诺言If you make a promise, you should keep it.如果做出了承诺,就应该遵守。to make sb a promise向某人保证He made me a promise.他向我保证过的。to make a promise to do sth保证去做某事He made a promise never to do it again.他保证再也不这么做了。to break a promise违背诺言It wasn't the first time he'd broken a promise not to get drunk.这不是他第一次违背不喝醉酒的诺言了。to keep your promise遵守诺言She kept her promise and never said another word about it.她遵守诺言,再也没有提及此事。export n./vi./vt.1)n. 复数: exports①出口;输出for export为了出口They grow cotton and bananas for export.他们种植棉花和香蕉以供出口。2)vt. exported exported exporting exports①出口;输出Africa is exporting beef to Europe.非洲在向欧洲出口牛肉。②传播(抽象意义)Europeans now export their values to all parts of the world.欧洲人现在把他们的价值观念传播到了世界各个角落。3)vi.出口;输出物资To earn foreign exchange we must export.要想获得外汇,我们必须出口。反义词:import n./vt. 进口 vi.具有重要性1)n. 复数: imports①进口的货物;输入的劳务farmers protesting about cheap imports反对廉价进口商品的农民②意义;重要性Who leads Canada is also of some import to the rest of the world.由谁来领导加拿大对世界上的其他国家也具有重大意义。2) vt. imported imported importing imports①进口;输入Even the smallest piece of machinery is imported.甚至连最小的机器也是进口的。②导入You can import files from Microsoft Word or MacWrite.你可以从微软Word(文字处理软件) 或苹果MacWrite(文字编辑软件)导入文件。We import an incredible amount of cheese from the Continent.我们从欧洲大陆进口数量惊人的奶酪。Group6produce vt./n.1)vt. produced produced producing produces①出产;生产,发;产生The field produces a third of the nation's oil.该油田生产该国三分之一的石油。②产生;生成,做;烹调to produce seed 结籽These plants are then pollinated and allowed to mature and produce seed.然后,这些植物就被授粉,从而成熟结籽。③生产;制造The company produces components for the aerospace industry.该公司为航空航天业生产元器件。2) n. (统称)农产品We manage to get most of our produce in Britain.我们设法在英国搞到了大部分农产品。product n. 产品;制品Try to get the best product at the lowest price.尽量以最低的价格买到最好的产品。production n. 复数: productions1)产生;形成;生成These proteins stimulate the production of blood cells.这些蛋白质刺激血细胞的产生。2) 产量;生产率Industrial production has fallen by 20% over two years.两年来,工业生产下降了20%。同义词辨析:produce, product, production 这些名词均含有"产品,制品"之意。produce : 多指农产品(尤指蔬菜水果等)。product : 一般指工业产品,也可泛指各种各样的产品。production : 含义广泛,不同场合有不同的意思,可表示"产品,产物",尤指人类智力或艺术劳动的产品。protect v.保护;投保to protect sb/sth from/against sth 保护…免受…She had his umbrella to protect her from the rain.她有他的伞来挡雨。to protect sb from sb 保护某人不受某人的伤害It sought an injunction in order to protect women from this man.它寻求禁制令以保护女人免受这个男人的伤害。名词protection n. 复数: protections1) 保护;防护protection from sth | protection against sth 针对…的保护;针对…的防护The diet may offer protection against cancer.这种膳食可以抗癌。2) be under sb's protection 处于某人的保护之下I placed myself under his protection.我将自己置于他的保护之下。3) 保险范围;承保范围The new policy is believed to be the first scheme to offer protection against an illness.这份新保险单被认为是首个承保疾病风险的保险方案。动词加-tion变成名词:1)动词本身以t结尾:+ion attraction action connection invention2)以te结尾的动词,去e再加-ionpullute-pollution donate-donation educate-education operate-operation3)元音+辅音+e结尾的动词去e再加-ationinvite-invitation organize-organization realize-realizationguide一、词义:noun. verb复数guides1)指南;手册 ~ to sth.eg: a guide to Family Health. 家庭健康指南。2)导游;向导 tour guide3)指导者;指引者 a spiritual ~ 神修指导者4)有指导意义的事务;指导的事务eg:I let my feelings be my guide.我是跟着感觉走。v. 过去式 guided 过去分词guided 现在分词guiding1)指路 ~sb. to/through/around sth. 给某人领路eg:He took the bewildered Elliott by the arm and guided him out.他抓着不知所措的埃利奥特的胳膊,把他带了出来。2)影响行为eg:He was always guided by his religious beliefs.他的言行总是以自己的宗教信仰为依归。3)阐明 ~ sb. through sth. 向某人阐明eg: The health and safety officer will guide you through the safety procedures.卫生安全官员将向你把安全规程解释一遍。二、派生词:guiding 给予指导的;有影响的guideway 导槽;导轨;导路guideline 指导方针;指导原则;行动纲领;准则deliver verb一、变形:过去式: delivered 过去分词: delivered 现在分词: delivering 第三人称单数: delivers二、词义:1)递交;传递;交付;运载 ~ sth. to sb./ sth.Eg: I have orders to deliver it to Mr. Demiris personally. 我奉命要把它送给德米里斯先生本人。2)发表;宣布;发布 ~ a speech/ lecture 发表演讲3)~ on sth. 履行诺言;兑现Eg: If you can’t deliver improved sales figures, you are fired.如果你不能按照要求提高销售额,就会被解雇。4)交出;移交 ~ sb./ sth. (up/over) (to sb.)Eg: They delivered their prisoner over to the invading army.他们把俘虏交给了侵略军。5)助产;接生 ~ a baby6)投掷;把……瞄准;用……对准Eg: He delivered the blow with all his force.他打这一下使出了全身力气。7) ~ sb. from sth. 解救;拯救;使摆脱三、派生词:delivery n. 传递;交付deliverable noun [usually pl.] 应交付的产品deliverance ~ from sth. 解救;拯救;解脱8、wrap verb,noun一、词义:Verb. 过去式: wrapped 过去分词: wrapped 现在分词: wrapping 第三人称单数: wraps1)~ sth. (up) (in sth.) 包,裹(礼物等)Eg:Diana is taking the opportunity to wrap up the family presents. 黛安娜利用这个机会将家人的礼物包起来。2)~ A (up) in B| ~ B round/around A 用……包裹(或包扎、覆盖等)Eg:I wrapped the baby (up) in a blanket.我用毯子把婴儿裹了起来。3)~ sth. around/ round sth./sb. 用……缠绕(或围紧)Eg:A scarf was wrapped around his neck.他的脖子上围着一条围巾。4)~ sth. around/ round (使文字)换行Eg:The text wraps around if it is too long to fit the screen.如果文本太长,在显示屏放不下的话,会自动换行。二、经典搭配be wrapped up in sb./sth. 专心致志于;全神贯注于wrap up| wrap it up(slang) 住口;闭嘴;别再捣乱wrap up| wrap sb./yourself up (使)穿得暖和点wrap sth. up (informal) 圆满完成;顺利结束(协议或会议等)eg:That just about wraps it up for today.这就差不多给今天画了个圆满的句号。三、noun 复数: wraps1)【C】(女用)围巾,披肩2)【U】包裹(或包装)材料3)【sing.】(拍摄电影时)完成拍摄,停机eg:Cut! That’s a wrap.停!就拍摄到这儿。4)【C】墨西哥卷(用冻玉米薄饼裹肉或蔬菜而成的三明治)经典搭配:under wraps (informal)保密,隐藏eg: Next year’s collection is still being kept under wraps.明年的时装系列仍在保密之中。四、派生词wrapped adj. 极高兴的;十分满意的wrapper n. 包装纸,包装塑料operate 运转;操作;使用;动手术 ~ on sb. for sth.operation noun一、词义:复数~s1)【C】手术 ~ on sb. for sth. |~ to do sth.2)【C】(有组织的)活动,行动 eg: a security ~ 安全行动3) 【包括许多部分的】企业,公司 eg: a huge multinational ~ 庞大的跨国公司4)【C,U】运算,运作二、常用搭配:in ~ 工作中;使用中;有效come into ~ 开始工作;开始生效put sth. into ~ 实施;启用三、派生词operational adj. 操作的,运转的Group7Abuse一,变形:abuses; abusing; abused; abused;二,词义;n.(U) 滥用,虐待、辱骂1)滥用e.g. alcohol abuse2)虐待e.g. child abuse3) 辱骂(u)e.g. a torrent of abuse 一通臭骂vt. 滥用,虐待、辱骂1)滥用e.g. She abused her position by giving jobs to her friends.2)虐待e.g. All the children had been physically abused.3) 辱骂e.g. The referee had been threatened and abused.三,近义:insult, 谩骂,侮辱n. (c),; vt. Insult sb.四,派生:abuser,n. 滥用者;虐待者;Desire变形:desires; desiring; desired; desired;二,词义;n.(C) 愿望,渴望,欲望e.g. a strong desire for power.vt. Desire to do sth.愿望,渴望,欲望(不用于进行时)e.g. We all desire health and happiness.三,近义:1)ambition, n. 野心:四,派生:desirable, adj.渴望的;值得做的;undesirable,adj.,不可取的,不想要的Process变形:processes;(复数)二,词义;n. 过程,程序e.g. I'm afraid getting things changed will be a slow process.Vt. 1)加工,处理e.g. The food is processed carefully.2) 审核,审阅e.g. The application should be processed quickly.三,派生:processing n. 过程;进程:Whisper变形:whispers; whispering; whispered; whispered二,词义;n.(C) 耳语,私语e.g. They spoke in whispers.vt/vi. 耳语,私语e.g. He whispered to me that he was afraid.e.g. She leaned over and whispered something in his ear.三,近义:murmur, (C), n./vt. (私下)发怨言,牢骚,自言自语Function变形:functions; functioning; functioned;二,词义;n. (C), 功能,作用e.g. The function of the heart is to pump blood through the body.vi. 运转e.g. Despite the power cuts, the hospital continued to function normally.三,近义:1)operate, vi. 运转:vt. 操作四,派生:functional, adj.Lie变形:lies; lying; (一过))lay; lied; (过分lied;lain;)二,词义;n. (C)谎言,谎话e.g. The whole story is nothing but a pack of lies.e.g. white lies善意的谎言vi. 撒谎 (lies; lying; lied; lied)~ (to sb) (about sth)e.g. Don't lie to me about your age.vi. 躺, (lay; lain),躺下(lie down)e.g. The cat was lying fast asleep by the fire.vi. 存在于e.g. The problems lie in deciding when to start..serve一,变形:serves: serving: served: served二,词义Vt.1) ~ sth (with sth) | ~ sth (to sb) | ~ sb sth(给某人)提供;端上 e.g. The delegates were served with a wonderful meal.2) ~ sb (with sth)(向某地或某一群体)供应,提供 e.g. The centre will serve the whole community.3) ~ (as sth)任期为;担任(职务)] She was elected to serve as secretary of the local party.三,派生:1)service,n.服务2) servant, n. 仆人12. signal,一,词义:n. 1) 信号;暗号 a danger/warning/distress etc. signal 2) (尤指铁路和公路上的)指示灯,信号灯,红绿灯 traffic signals交通信号灯Suffer一,变形: suffers; suffering; suffered;二,词义;vt./ vi. 经历,遭受 suffer frome.g. He made a rash decision and now he is suffering for it.e.g. He suffered from punishment because of his violation.四,派生: suffering n. 苦难,痛苦Operate一,变形: operates; operating; operated;二,词义; v. 运转;操作1) 运转 vi.e.g. Solar panels can only operate in sunlight.2) 操作 vt.e.g. What skills are needed to operate this machinery .三,近义:1)function, vi. 正常运作,起作用;2)work, vi. 运转;操作四,派生:operationExperiment一,变形:experiments(复数); experiments(三单); experimenting; experimented;二,词义;n. 实验 e.g. carry out~e.g. Many people do not like the idea of experiments on animals.v. 实验e.g. Some people feel that experimenting on animals is wrong.三,近义:1) test n. 试验,测试Inform一,变形:informs; informing; informed;二,词义;vt. 通知;告诉 ~ sb (of/about sth)e.g. Please inform us of any changes of address.e.g. keep sb. informedRelate一,变形:relates;relating;related二,词义;vi. 有关;涉及 relate to sth/sbe.g. The second paragraph relates to the situation in Scotland.四,派生:1) Relation , n. 关系,联系;2) Relationship,n. 关系;3) Relative, adj. 相关的;n. 亲戚;Tolerate一,变形:tolerates;tolerating;tolerated二,词义;vt. 容忍,忍受e.g. There is a limit to what one person can tolerate.三,近义:1)bear, vt. 忍受,忍耐;2)endure, vt.[正式] 忍受,忍耐;3)stand, vt. 经受,忍受;四,派生:tolerant , adj.Ignore一,变形:ignores; ignoring; ignored;二,词义;vt. 忽视;不理睬1) 忽视e.g. He ignored all the ‘No Smoking’ signs and lit up a cigarette.2) 不理睬e.g. She ignored him and carried on with her work.四,派生:be ignorant ofAddict一,变形: addicts(三单);addicting;addicted二,词义;vi. 使沉溺 ,对..上瘾be addicted toe.g. She is addicted to music.四,派生:addictionRetire一,变形:retires;retiring;retired二,词义;vi. 退休,就寝e.g. He will retire from the army next year.四,派生:RetirementComplete一,变形:completes;completing;completed二,词义;vt. 完成,结束 adj.完全的,完整的e.g. Her pride drove her to complete the job.adj.完全的,完整的e.g. a complete guide to events in Oxford三、近义:1) finish v. 完成,结束2) end v. 结束四、派生:Concern一,变形:concerns(三单); concerns(复数); concerning; concerned;二,词义;v. 使担心,关心e.g. What concerns me is our lack of preparation for the change.n. 担心,忧虑e.g. There is growing concern about violence on television.三,近义:1)care, n. 忧虑,烦恼;2)worry, n. 担忧,忧虑;四,派生: concerned ,adj.Sacrifice一,变形:sacrifices(复数); sacrifices(三单); sacrificing;sacrificed二,词义;n. 牺牲e.g. Her parents made sacrifices so that she could enjoy wonderful education.vt. 牺牲e.g. She sacrificed everything for her children.Recognize变形:recognizes; recognizing; recognized;二,词义;vt. 认出,识别,认可1) 认出,识别e.g. They recognized the need to take the problem seriously.2) 认可e.g. The UK has refused to recognize the new regime.三,近义:1) know v. 认出四,派生: recognition n. 认出,识别,认可Encourage变形:encourages; encouraging; encouraged;二,词义; v. 鼓励 ~ sb. to do sth.e.g. My parents have always encouraged me in my choice of career.三,近义:1)inspire v. 鼓舞,激励四,派生:1)encouragement n. 鼓励2)discourage v. 使泄气,阻止Group8assess v.一、变形:assesses, assessed, assessed, assessing二、词义:1)评估e.g. The test was to assess aptitude rather than academic achievement.该测试将评估能力而不是学业成绩。2)计算; 估算e.g. Ask them to send you information on how to assess the value of your belongings.叫他们把如何估算你的财产价值的资料寄给你。三、派生词adj. assessable 可估价的;可评价的;可征收的;可征税的n.assessment 评定;估价assessor 评审员;确定税款的人;顾问7. possess v.一、变形:possesses, possessed, possessed, possessing二、词义:1)拥有e.g. He was then arrested and charged with possessing an offensive weapon.他之后被逮捕了并被指控拥有攻击性武器。三、常用词组1)possess ofe.g. I consider that everyone would like to experience and possess of happiness. But one person is different from the other so they have different feeling on happiness.我想,世界上所有的人都想经历和拥有幸福。只是不同的人对幸福有着不同的追求和向往,幸福感也各有不同。四、辨析have, hold, possess, own, enjoy, keep这组词都有“有,具有,持有”的意思,其区别是:have:最常用词,可指任何情况下的具有,无论是物质的或精神的。hold:指拥有并保持财产及持有见解等,暗示不让别人拿走或占有。possess:较正式,指拥有或占有并能加以控制与支配,强调其归属;也指具有某种品质、才能、特点或性能等。own:不及本组的possess正式,多指所属关系,强调所有权,不管所属物是否在物主手中。enjoy: 指享有某种权利或长处,带有欣赏或喜爱的情感。keep:指长时间地保有,保存某物,防止别人占去,强调安全和感情上的依附五、派生词adj. possessive 占有的;所有的;所有格的;占有欲强的n.possession 拥有;财产;领地;自制;着迷possessor持有人9. enrich v.一、变形:enriches, enriched, enriched, enriching二、词义:1)充实; 丰富e.g. It is important to enrich the soil prior to planting.栽种之前给土壤施肥很重要。2)使富裕e.g. He will drain, rather than enrich, the country.他将耗尽而不是增加国家的财富。三、同义词fertilize vt. 使充实;使肥沃;使富足四、派生词n. enrichment 丰富;改进;肥沃;发财致富10. approve v.一、变形:approves, approved, approved, approving二、词义:1)赞成;同意 approve ofe.g. I told my mother I wanted to leave school but she didn't approve of my idea.我告诉母亲我不想继续上学,但是母亲不同意我的想法。2)批准,通过e.g. The committee unanimously approved the plan.委员会一致通过了计划。三、辨析approve, sanction, confirm这组词都有“批准”的意思,其区别是:approve:普通用词,常指正式的或官方的批准。sanction:语气最强,多指官方的同意或批准,是书面用词。confirm:强调按法律程序提请确认或批准。四、派生词adj. approved 被认可的;经过检验的n.approval 批准;认可;赞成approver 批准者;承认者,赞成者12. suspect v./n.一、变形:suspects, suspected, suspected, suspecting二、词义:1)怀疑e.g. He suspected that the woman staying in the flat above was using heroin.他怀疑住在楼上公寓里的那位女子在吸食海洛因。2)觉得e.g. The above complaints are, I suspect, just the tip of the iceberg.上述的这些抱怨,我觉得,不过是冰山的一角。N-COUNT 嫌疑犯e.g. Police have arrested a suspect in a series of killings in the city.警方逮捕了该城市一系列杀人案件中的一名嫌疑犯。Adj. 可疑的e.g. Delegates evacuated the building when a suspect package was found.一个可疑包裹被发现后,代表们撤离了这栋大楼。三、辨析doubt, suspect, distrust这组词都有“怀疑”的意思,其区别是:doubt:普通用词,多指因证据不足或仅凭证据还不能肯定而产生怀疑,多含否定意味。suspect:指猜疑、疑心,肯定意味较多。distrust:指疑惑、猜疑,不信任。四、派生词adj.suspected 有嫌疑的suspensive 暂停的;悬而不决的;可疑的;暧昧的13. embarrass v.一、变形:embarrasses, embarrassed, embarrassed, embarrassing二、词义:1)使…尴尬e.g. Her questions about my private life embarrassed me.她询问我的私生活使我感到很尴尬。2)使…陷入麻烦e.g. The speech was deliberately designed to embarrass the prime minister.这个发言是故意为难首相。三、派生词adj.embarrassed 尴尬的;窘迫的embarrassing 使人尴尬的;令人为难的n. embarrassment 窘迫,难堪;使人为难的人或事物;拮据15. pursue v.一、变形:pursues, pursued, pursued, pursuing,二、词义:1)追求, 努力实现e.g. He will pursue a trade policy that protects workers.他将努力实行保护工人的贸易政策。2)执行; 贯彻e.g. He said Japan would continue to pursue the policies laid down at the London summit.他说日本将继续贯彻伦敦峰会上确定的方针。3)追赶e.g. She pursued the man who had stolen her bag.她追赶那个偷了她钱包的男子。三、常用词组1)pursue after v. 追赶e.g. What Marx pursue after for lifetime is emancipation and freedom of all people in the world.实际上,马克思一生为之奋斗的东西是全人类的自由和解放。四、派生词adj. pursuant 依据的;追赶的;随后的n.pursuit 追赶,追求;职业,工作 pursuer 追求者;追捕者16. accommodate v.一、变形:accommodates, accommodated, accommodated, accommodating二、词义:1)容纳e.g. The school was not big enough to accommodate all the children.学校没有足够的地方容纳所有的学生。2)为…提供住宿 accommodate sb.e.g. The hotel can accommodate up to 500 guests.这家旅馆可供 500 位旅客住宿。3)使…适应e.g. The roads are built to accommodate gradual temperature changes.这些道路是为适应气温的逐渐变化而建的。三、常用词组1)accommodate withe.g. The company can serve fully format, accommodate with the requirement of a customer.这家公司可以按顾客的要求,充分地提供各种服务。e.g. The bank will accommodate you with a loan.银行将向你提供一笔贷款。四、派生词adj.accommodating 随和的;乐于助人的;肯通融的accommodative 适应的;调节的n.accommodation 住处,膳宿;调节;和解;预订铺位accommodator 调解人;适应者;提供方便者17. decline n./ v.一、变形:declines, declined, declined, declining二、词义:1)下降e.g. The number of staff has declined from 217,000 to 114,000.员工人数已从217000人减少到114000人。2)谢绝e.g. He offered the boys some coffee. They declined politely.他要给男孩们来些咖啡。他们礼貌地拒绝了。n. 下降e.g. Official figures show a sharp decline in the number of foreign tourists.官方数字显示外国游客数量骤降。三、常用词组1)on the decline 在走下坡路;在衰退中e.g. It makes me very sad, because I see that things are on the decline. 这使我非常伤心,因为我看到事情在走下坡路。2)in decline 在衰退中e.g. The mere fact that America still attracts millions of people is evidence that it is not in decline .美国依然吸引着千百万人,仅这一事实就足以证明它并没衰落。四、派生词n. declination 倾斜;偏差;衰微18. expand v.一、变形:expands, expanded, expanded, expanding,二、词义:1)扩大; 膨胀e.g. Engineers noticed that the pipes were not expanding as expected.工程师们注意到管子并未像预期的那样膨胀。2)使…发展; 发展e.g. The tourism expanded toward the middle of the 19th century.旅游业业在19世纪中叶得到了发展。三、常用词组1)expand into 扩张Many Western firms want to expand into Asia. 许多西方的公司都想向亚洲扩张。四、派生词adj.expanded 扩充的;展开的expansive 广阔的;扩张的;豪爽的expandable 可膨胀的;可张开的n. expansion 膨胀;阐述;扩张物19. donate v.一、变形:donates, donated, donating二、词义:1)捐赠e.g. He frequently donates large sums to charity.他经常向慈善机构大笔捐款。三、派生词adj. donated 捐赠的n. donation 捐款,捐赠物;捐赠20. advocate n./ v.一、变形:advocates, advocated, advocated, advocating,二、词义:1)提倡e.g. Many experts advocate rewarding your child for good behavior.很多专家主张对小孩的良好表现加以奖励。n. 倡导者e.g. He was a strong advocate of free market policies and a multi-party system.他是自由市场政策以及多党制的坚定倡导者。三、辨析support, sustain, back, uphold, advocate都有“支持,拥护”的意思,其区别是:support:含义广泛,多指在道义上或物质上支持某人,也可指对某项事业的支持。sustain:侧重指连续不断的支持。back:通常指对论点、行动、事业等的强有力支持。uphold:既可指积极努力对陷入困境者的支持,也可指给某人在行动、道义或信仰上的支持。advocate:多指通过写文章或发表演说等来支持或拥护,往往暗示提倡某事或为某事辩护。四、派生词n.advocacy 主张;拥护;辩护advocator 提倡者,拥护者21. obtain v.一、变形:obtains, obtained, obtained, obtaining二、词义:获得(尤指经努力)e.g. Evans was trying to obtain a false passport and other documents.埃文斯当时正试图获取假护照和其他文件。存在;流行e.g. These conditions no longer obtain.这些条件不再适用。三、常用词组obtain employment 就业,找到工作e.g. The pressure of obtain employment still should be faced after the graduate student graduates.研究生毕业之后还是要面对就业的压力。四、辨析acquire, obtain, get, secure, win, earn, gain都有“获得、取得”的意思,其区别是:acquire:强调通过不断的、持续的努力而获得某物,也指日积月累地渐渐地获得。书面语用词。obtain:较正式用词,着重通过巨大努力、要求而得到所需或盼望已久的东西。get:普通用词,使用广泛,可指以任何方式得到某物,也不一定要经过努力。secure:强调要通过努力或竞争,或需要付出代价才能获得所渴望的东西。win:主要指通过努力、斗争、比赛等而获得胜利。earn:侧重指依靠自己的劳动或因付出代价与有功而获得。gain:侧重指经过努力或有意识行动而取得某种成就或获得某种利益或好处。五、派生词adj. obtainable 能得到的n. obtainment 获得2. select n./ v.一、变形:selects, selected, selected, selecting,二、词义:挑选; 选择e.g. All our hotels have been carefully selected for the excellent value they provide.我们的所有旅馆都是精心挑选的,最为合算。选定(某文件或某段文章以作特别处理) [计算机]e.g. I selected a file and pressed the delete key.我选定了一份文件,然后按下了删除键。Adj. 精选的e.g. a select group of French cheeses一组精选的的法国奶酪。第一流的; 只为富人、上层人士而设的e.g. Christian Lacroix is throwing a very lavish and very select party.克里斯琴·拉克鲁瓦正在举行一个上层人士参加的非常豪华的聚会。三、派生词adj.selective 选择性的selected 挑选出来的adv. selectively 有选择地n.selection 选择,挑选;选集;精选品selector 选择器;挑选者3. suit n./v.一、变形:suits, suited, suited, suiting,二、词义:适合 (某人)e.g. They will only release information if it suits them.他们只会发布合他们意的消息。合 (某人) 心意e.g. I don't think a sedentary life would altogether suit me.我认为久坐不动的生活方式完全不适合我。相配;合身e.g. Blue suits you. You should wear it more often.你适合穿蓝色,你该多穿蓝色衣服。三、常用词组suit oneself 随自己的意愿做事e.g. I longed for a new life stage, found to suit oneself and is worth for it offering all units of work.我渴望一个新生活舞台,找到一个适合自己并值得为其奉献一切的工作单位。四、派生词adj.suitable 适当的;相配的suited 合适的adv. suitably 适当地;相配地;适宜地n.suitability 适合;适当;相配suitor 求婚者;请愿者;[法] 起诉人5. astonish v.一、变形:astonishes, astonished, astonished, astonishing,二、词义:使十分惊讶e.g. It astonishes me (that) he could be so thoughtless.我真没有料到他会如此轻率。三、辨析astonish, surprise, amaze都可作及物动词,意思相近,一般都是以事物作主语,人称作宾语。astonish:表示“使大吃一惊”,“几乎使人无法相信”之意。surprise:只表“出乎意料之外”。amaze高考高频动词一、完形填空高频动词252词汇总完形填空高频动词252词英文 中文 英文 中文accompany 陪伴;附有 respond 回应leave 离开;让…处于 ;余下 fall apart 散架;垮掉;崩溃relieve 缓解 risk 冒…的风险get hold of 领会;弄懂 search 搜索urge 敦促;催促 appear 出现arrange 安排 tour 在…旅游;在…巡回演出put forward 提出 challenge 挑战sacrifice 牺牲 stay with 呆在一起notice 请注意 hear 听到permit 许可 call on 呼吁receive 收到 spend 花refuse 拒绝 rely on 依靠replace 取代 decorate 装修treat 治疗;对待 look for 寻找appeal 呼吁; 吸引 invite 邀请wonder 想知道;惊讶 look at 看order 命令;订购;订货;点(酒菜等) come down 下来preserve 保存;保护 consider 考虑pack up 打包 beat out 打败;击败comfort 安慰 give way to 向…让步keep off 不接近 fight 打仗;战斗;打架step forward 向前走 promote 促进put on 穿上 attempt 尝试admit 承认;准许…进入 reject 拒绝predict 预测 charge 要价;指控;负责;充电get through 完成;使明白;通过电话;通过(考试) struggle 斗争;奋斗;努力take charge of 负责 occur 发生select 选择 look after 照顾read out 读出,朗读 happen 发生step forward 向前走 repeat 重复confirm 确认 provide 提供imagine 想象 wear 穿analyze 分析 move up 向上移动promise 承诺 interrupt 打断blame 责怪;指责 participate in 参与hold onto 握住;抓牢;稍等;等一下 create 创造;创作persuade 说服 pull 拉produce 生产 miss 错过;思念offer 提供 back off 后退quarrel 争吵 mix 混合recite 背诵 turn back 返回;(使)折回contribute 捐献,捐赠 go to waste 浪费hang out 晾晒(洗好的衣物);闲逛 fail 失败bath 给…洗澡;洗澡 take off 起飞;脱下;成功spread out 展开;分散 take place of 代替measure 测量 take over 接管ignore 忽略 turn in 上交;提交improve 改善 lack 缺乏lend 借出 open up 打开restrict 限制 suffer 遭受throw at 投向 go away 离开;消失set a trap of 设圈套 recognize 认出;辨别出quit 离开;辞职 pretend 假装examine 检查 decrease 减少save 救;储蓄;攒钱 satisfy 使满足point 指向;瞄准 criticize 批评come through 通过 walk around 四处走动deserve 值得;应得 connect 连接evaluate 评估 prevent 防止adopt 收养;采取 recommend 推荐;建议travel 旅行;行进 lead 带路;领路;通向observe 观察;遵守 organize 组织strike 撞;碰;罢工 lie 谎言;躺;位于lose 失去 prove 证明send 发送 forecast 预测apply 应用;申请;涂;敷 simplify 简化reply 回复 delay 延迟know about 知道;了解 book 预定wave at 朝…挥手(致意) owe 欠remind 提醒;使想起 set out 出发play with 玩 pass 通过ran 跑;经营 beat 击败post 寄;邮寄;张贴;发布 affect 影响inspire 激励;鼓舞 complain 抱怨argue 争论;争辩;认为 translate 翻译perform 表演;执行 give away 赠送;泄漏carry 携带 break 打破deal with 处理 put up 建造;搭起;设立;张贴discover 发现 skip 跳rise 上升 take hold of 抓住calm 使镇静 warn 警告appreciate 欣赏;感激 go back to 回到describe 描述 come across 偶然发现;偶然遇见sight 看到 blow up 爆炸;炸毁continue 继续 mean 意思是;打算fade away 逐渐消失 roll down 滚下contact 联系 suggest 建议;表明collect 收集 follow 跟随;跟着;遵循settle up 付清(债务);结清 respect 尊重show off 展示 expect 预料;期待live up to 不辜负 look up 查找work out 计算出 try out 尝试earn 赚 acquire 获得;购得walk up 向上走;沿…走去 put up with 忍受take advantages of 利用 hold up 举起check 检查 survive 幸存;幸免于难annoy 使恼怒;使生气 stay 停留;待;保持direct 指导;指挥 support 支持reach 达到 run off 跑开了point at 指向 pass by 经过put down 放下 request 请求advertise 做广告 spoil 破坏mix up 混淆 believe 相信pick up 拿起;接;学会 bargain 讨价还价turn away 拒绝…进入 store up 储存express 表达 choose 选择block 堵塞;阻塞 test 测试hit 打击;突然意识到 march into 行进,进入match 匹配 read 读;写着turn 转 return 返回;归还turn down 拒绝 allow 允许suppose 假设;认为 attend 出席;参加wander 漫步 picture 想象convince 使确信;使相信 present 给;呈现;主持trust 信任 seem 似乎rescue 营救 turn into 变成announce 宣布 dive 潜水donate 捐赠 cure 治愈expose 暴露 praise 赞美;表扬persuade 说服 search for 搜索astonish 使惊讶 slip away 悄悄溜走go on sale 出售 bother 打扰threaten 威胁 hide 隐藏prohibit 禁止 explore 探索embarrass 使尴尬 excuse 原谅;宽恕doubt 怀疑 drop off 中途放下(某人);中途卸下(某物)rent 租 come on (表示鼓励)来吧;加把劲show up 出现 return 返回;归还turn around 转身 point out 指出regard 将…认为;把…视为 hurry down 赶快下来set off 出发 turn out 结果put away 收好 settle down 安定下来postpone 推迟 discourage 使灰心;使泄气turn up 出现 pay off 偿清,还清(债务)count 数数;计算;重要 feel 感觉forbid 禁止 practice 实践come down 下来 lend 借出come over 过来 play jokes on 戏弄beat out 击败 cheer for 为…喝彩叫好cheat 作弊 disturb 打扰come over 过来 crash 碰撞;撞击;defend 防御;保护;保卫 approach 靠近,接近ski 滑雪 report 报告advise 建议 accept 接受think of 想到 encourage 鼓励form 形成;成立 clarify 阐明;澄清admire 欣赏;赞美;钦佩 tremble 颤抖;哆嗦,抖动matter 重要 explain 解释inform 通知 require 需要;要求gather 收集 drop along 逐步敲击come into effect 生效 come in 进来cheer 欢呼 afford 负担得起manage 管理,设法做成 make up 组成;编造;化妆run over 撞倒,碾过 pace down 沿…走turn to 转向;求助于 fix 使固定;安装;修理roll over 滚动 study 研究prepare 准备 share 分享force 强迫 stare 盯着看shake 摇 serve 提供服务;端上steal 偷 reserve 预订,预约;保留;贮备sponsor 赞助 cancel 取消affect 影响 change 改变cause 导致;引起 assist 协助solve 解决 defeat 击败;战胜hesitate 犹豫 record 记录adapt 适应 take up 开始从事;喜欢上;占用;占据,占有regret 后悔;遗憾 register for 注册put off 推迟 give up 放弃agree 同意 repair 修复fill 填满 support 支持beg 祈求 believe in 相信scold 训斥,责骂 move on 继续前进draw 画画;拖(动);拉(动);吸引,使感兴趣 stick 刺;戳;粘贴;坚持apologize 道歉 run into 遇到(问题、困难等);车辆)意外撞上bear 忍受;携带 realize 意识到declare 公布;宣布 conduct 组织;安排;实施阅读理解高频动词290词汇总高考阅读常考—动词(290)常考词 汉语 常考词 汉语accumulate 积累 force v.强迫 n.武力;暴力;力affect 影响 foster 培养analyze 分析 gain 获得apologize 道歉 gather 聚集approach v. 靠近,接近 n. 方法; 靠近 graduate 毕业assist 帮助 grasp 抓住attack 攻击; 进攻 greet 打招呼attend 出席; 注意;专心 guarantee 保证benefit v. 使受益;得益于 n.利益 guide v.指引;指导 n.指南;手册; 导游campaign v.参加运动 n.运动;活动 handle v.处理 n.把手comfort v.安慰n.舒服;安逸 hesitate 犹豫comment v.评论n.议论;评论 hide 隐藏confirm 确认 hire 雇用consume 消耗,耗费 hunt 打猎count 数数;计算;重要 ignore 忽视cure 治愈 fight 战斗;打仗delay 延迟 import 进口drop v. 落下,掉下终止 n.滴 indicate 表明encourage 鼓励 infect 感染entertain 招待,款待;使快乐 infer 推断escape 逃跑 inform 通知;告知evaluate 评价 intend 打算;计划exhibit 展览 interrupt 打断experience n.经验;经验 v.经历;经受 interview 采访;面试fail 失败 introduce 介绍;引进fit 适合 invent 发明forecast 预测 invest 投资form v.成形; 产生 n.形式; 表格 fade 褪色;变淡,变暗frighten 吓唬 kick 踢handle v. 处理 n.手柄 knock 敲ignore 忽视 lead 领导implant 植入 leak 泄漏imply 暗指;说明 march 前进impress 给…留下深刻的好印象 master v.精通;掌握n.主人introduce 介绍;引进 matter v.事关紧要;要紧 n. 问题involve 涉及;参与 measure v.测量 n.措施;方法kick 踢 memorize 记住match v.匹配 mislead 误导n.火柴;比赛prohibit 禁止 mix 混合promote 促进 motivate 使有动机publish 出版 note v.注意;留意;指出 n.笔记raise 提升,举起,筹集 obey 服从recover 恢复;找回 object v. 反对n.物体; 对象refresh 使恢复精力 observe 观察;遵守reject 拒绝 obtain 获得represent 代表 offer 提供require 要求 operate 操作;做手术rescue 营救 oppose 反对research 研究 organize 组织respond 回应 originate 起源return 返回 outbreak 爆发risk n.危险v.冒…风险 output 输出ruin v.毁坏;破坏n.废墟 overcome 克服run 跑步;管理;经营 overhear 窃听器seek 寻求 overlook 偶然听到sentence v.判刑 n.句子 perform 表演;执行serve 服务 permit 许可store v.储存 n.商店 persuade 说服suspect v.怀疑n.嫌疑人 please 使高兴;请transport 运输 point v. 指,指向;瞄准 n.论点;观点weigh 权衡 possess 拥有abandon 离弃,遗弃 post 邮递;张贴;公布absorb 吸收 predict 预测remove 去除 preferred 更喜欢accompany 陪伴 prohibit 禁止achieve 实现 promote 促进;推动;促销;晋升acknowledge 承认 pronounce 发音acquire 获得 propose 建议adjust 调节;适应 prove 证明adopt 采用;领养 publish 出版advertise 做广告;登广告 punish 惩罚affect 影响 purchase 购买afford 负担得起 ensure 确保aid 帮助 react 反应analyze 分析 recognize 认出;识别mention 提到 recommend 推荐;建议approve 赞成;批准 reduce 减少argue 争论;主张 reflect 反映arise 发生;产生 reform 改革assess 评估 refuse 拒绝deserve 应得;值得 regain 再次得到attract 吸引 register 登记bite 咬 release 释放blame 责备 rent v. 租用 n.租金block v. 阻碍n.大块;街区 replace 代替boom v.轰鸣; 迅速发展 n. 激增,繁荣 request 请求bounce 弹起,弹跳 rescue 营救breathe 呼吸 research 研究brighten 照亮; (使)快活起来 respond 回应broadcast 广播 retire 退休bury 埋葬 review 复习;检查;评论calculate 计算 revise 修改campaign v.参加运动 n.运动;活动; 战役 reward 奖励; 回报;报酬cancel 取消 encourage 鼓励cause v. 造成;引起n.原因 roll 翻滚,滚动charge 要价;指控;负责;充电 extend 延伸chatted 闲聊 sacrifice 牺牲cheat 欺骗; 作弊 scan 扫描check 检查 scream 尖叫combine 结合 explain 解释favor 赞成; 喜爱 select 选择;挑选communicate 沟通 settle 解决;定居compete 竞争 shake 摇动;抖动complain 抱怨 shoot 射击;拍摄complete 完成 sob 抽噎concern 涉及; 让(某人)担忧 specialize 专门从事conclude 得出结论 spin 旋转conduct 组织;安排 spread 传播confirm 确认 squeeze 挤压consider 考虑 starve 饿死consume 消费 state v.陈述;说明 n. 状态;情况;国家;州contact 接触 step v.迈步;踩n.步伐;一步contain 包含 stick v. 刺;戳;插入粘贴 n. 枝条continue 持续 strengthen 加强convey 传达 stress v.强调 n. 压力convince 使确信;使相信;说服 stretch 伸展cooperate 合作 study 学习;研究fold 折叠 substitute 代替cover v.遮盖n.覆盖物;封面 succeed 成功crash 碰撞;倒闭;崩溃 summarize 总结create 创造 sunburn 晒伤damage 损害 supply 供给dare 敢 survive 幸存deal v.处理 n.大量;交易 sweep 打扫debate 辩论 threaten 威胁declare 公布;宣布 toast 干杯decline 下降;拒绝 transfer 转移deepen 深化 transform 使改变形态defeat 击败 translate 翻译delay 延迟 transport 运输deliver 递送;接生;做讲座 unfold 展开;打开deny 否认 update 更新depart 离开;起程 upgrade 升级design 设计 vote 投票despite 尽管 weigh 权衡destroy 破坏 whisper 耳语dig 挖掘 widen 拓宽digest 消化;理解 wipe 擦distinguish 区分 envy 嫉妒distribute 分配 estimate 估计disturb 打扰 evaluate 评价dive 潜水 examine 检查divide 分开,分散 exchange 交换donate 捐赠 exhibit 展览drag 拖,拉,拽 exist 存在draw 画;拖(动);拉(动);吸引,使感兴趣 fasten 系牢三、高频核心动词知识点梳理Group1Adopt一,变形:adopts; adopting; adopted; adopted;二,词义:vt.1)领养 adopt a child2)采纳,接受(方法,态度)e.g. They adopted three ways to solve the problems.n. adoption三, 形近词:adapt (to)调整;适应advise一,变形: advises; advising; advised; advised;二, 词义:Vt. 1)advise sb. to do sth.建议某人做某事;e.g. I advise you to make a negotiation with Professor. Smith.2) advise doing sth. 建议做某事e.g. I advise booking the hotel in advance.三、拓展:1)n. (U)advice;a piece of advice;Consult一,变形:consults; consulting; consulted; consulted;二,词义:Vt.1)咨询,请教e.g. If you have problems, please consult your lawyer.2) consult with sb. on/about sth.关于某事与某人商量e.g. You should consult with your teachers on the courses.3) 查阅,参看e.g. Consult the manual on how to use it.n (C) consultant,. 顾问三,近义: refer to查阅,参看Occupy一,变形:Occupies; occupying; occupied;二,词义;vt.使从事;使忙碌;占有1)使用,占用(时间,空间,面积等)e.g. occupy time2)使从事;使忙于…Occupy sb./sth./ oneself (in doing sth)e.g. She occupies herself with many tasks.3)占领;侵占e.g. The city was occupied by the army.三,近义:1)占用时间:take up2)使从事/忙于 engage in…四,派生:occupation,n. (U)侵占/占领;(C)工作/职业;memorize一,变形:memorizes; memorizing; memorized; memorized;二,词义:记住,记忆e.g. You should memorize the way to school.三,派生:memory, n. (C)记忆,记性Good /bad memory 记忆力好/不好;In memory of sb.纪念某人e.g. We draw a picture in memory of our friendship.拓展:ise=ize “使”;advertise; criticize; authorizeStick一,变形:sticks;sticking; stuck; stuck;二,词义:.1.1)Vt.将…刺入;戳;插入;stick sth. in/into sth.e.g. The needle is stuck into my arm.2)vt. 粘贴e.g. I stuck the pictures into the album.3)vi. 卡住;阻塞e.g. The key has stuck in the hole.4) stick at sth 坚持做某事;e.g. You have to stick at your plan.5) stick out 显眼,引人注意;e.g. Your accent sticks out.2. n. (C)枝条;棍子;Acquire一,变形:acquires; acquiring; acquired; acquired;二, 词义:vt.获得,得到(知识,名声)e.g. acquire knowledge/reputation三, 近义:get; obtain1)Get 收到;得到(不需要强调努力的过程)2)Obtain 通过努力获得(信息,许可)obtain information/permissionInstruct一,变形: instructs; instructing; instructed; instructed二,词义:Vt.1)(fml))命令,指示;e.g. His boss instructs him to do it immediately.2) 教授,传授(技能);e.g. All the workers are instructed to learn English.三, 近义: direct, command, order1)Order(利用职位/权利)指挥,命令;2)instruct(正式/官方方式)命令;3)direct指正式发出指示、命令4) command指利用权力命令派生:n. Instruction; instructive, adj.Weep一,变形:weeps; weeping; wept;wept;三,词义:vi.1)(因悲伤)哭泣,流泪e.g. weep for joy高兴得流泪;e.g. weep over one’s death 因某人过世而哭泣;2) 流出;渗出;e.g. The water weeps out from the dirt.n. 哭泣;落泪;recommend建议,推荐10. stress一. 变形:stresses; stressing; stressed; stressed;二,词义 Vt. 1)stress sth.重视;着重e.g. stress the importance of education2) stress out 使焦虑不安e.g. Do not stress out when you are giving a speech.n.1) (U) 精神压力e.g. suffer from stress有精神压力;e.g. cope with stress处理压力2)(U)lay stress on…重视,强调e.g. The teacher laid stress on homework.三,近义:emphasize, vt.11. urge.一,变形 urges; urging; urged; urged二, 词义Vt. 1) 催促某人做某事urge sb. to do sth.e.g. He urges the boy to walk fast.2)强烈要求,极力推荐;urges sth,e.g. The situation urges immediate action.n. (C) 欲望,冲动三,派生:urgent, adj.紧急的,迫切的12. terrify一,变形:terrifies ;terrifying: terrified: terrified二,词义:Vt.使恐惧,恐吓e.g. The dog terrifies the boy.三.派生:1) terrified, adj. 主语是人:terrifying, adj. 主语是物2) terrorist, n . (C)恐怖分子三,拓展:-fy使…satisfy; intensify; gratify13. swear一,变形:swears: swearing: swore: sworn二,词义:Vi. 1) ~ (at sb/sth) 咒骂;诅咒;e.g. She fell over and swore at others.2) 郑重承诺;发誓要;表示决心要e.g. I swear that I will past the test.三,同义: curse, vi; n. (C) 诅咒;咒语14. arrange一,变形:arranges: arranging: arranged: arranged二,词义:Vt. 1)安排,筹备; e.g. arrange a meeting;2) 布置,整理;e.g. arrange the flowers in the vase;派生:n. (C), arrangement15. support一,变形:supports: supporting: supported: supported二,词义:Vt. 1) 鼓励,支持;e.g. Parents support their children.2) 帮助,援助e.g. He supports the poor.3) 支撑e.g. The board supports the baby..n. (U)鼓励,资助;三, 同义: help, n.(U) /vt.; encourage, vt. Encouragement, n. (C);16. achieve一,变形:achieves: achieving: achieved: achieved二,词义:Vt. (凭长期努力)获得,达到(某目标、地位、标准)e.g. He finally achieved success.三,同义:attain, vt. (通常经过努力)获得,得到;e.g. attain a licence四,派生 achievement, n. (C) 成就,成绩;(U)完成e.g.a sense of achievement17. grasp一,变形:grasps: grasping: grasped: grasped二,词义:Vt. 1) 抓紧;抓牢e.g. He grasped my hand 2) 理解;领会;领悟;e.g. They failed to grasp the importance of education.三,同义:hold on抓住,不松手;cling(用身体)紧抱;clutch(用手)抓紧;18. announce一,变形:announces: announcing: announced: announced二,词义:Vt. 1) announce sth. to sb. 宣布,宣告(决定、计划等) 2)声称;宣称 e.g. She announces that she will give up smoking.n. announcement三,近义辨析:1)declare (fml)官方宣布:declare war2)indicate (fml) 表明,暗示3) announce 正式宣布计划;决定19. mark一,变形:marks: marking: marked: marked二,词义:Vt. 1) mark A (with B) 做记号,做标记e.g. Mark the goods with different pens.2) 打分;e.g. The teachers have to mark students’ homework.n. (C) 分数,记号; 污点,疤痕;三,同义:sign. N. (迹象,手势);symbol(标志,象征)Group 21、prove verb一、变形:过去式: proved 过去分词: proven 现在分词: proving 第三人称单数: proves二、词义:1)V-LINK 证明是;原来是;结果是We have been accused of exaggerating before, but unfortunately all our reports proved to be true...以前一直有人指责我们夸大事实,但遗憾的是,我们所有的报道都证明是真实的。In the past this process of transition has often proven difficult. 过去这一过渡过程常常很艰难。2)VERB 证明;证实You brought this charge. You prove it!... 你提出了这项控告。你拿出证据来!The results prove that regulation of the salmon farming industry is inadequate.结果证明对鲑鱼饲养行业的管理不够完善。3)VERB 证明;显示Margaret proved herself to be a good mother... 玛格丽特证明了自己是个好妈妈。As a composer he proved himself adept at large dramatic forms... 身为作曲家的他证明了自己在创作大型戏剧方面驾轻就熟。4)PHRASE 证明自己的能力(或知识)They made a 3,000 mile detour simply to prove a point. 他们绕行3,000英里只是为了证明自己能够做到。三、常用词组prove out 成功:结果很好;成功12、reward n./vt.一、词义:1、n. 复数: rewards1) N-COUNT 奖励;奖赏A bonus of up to 5 per cent can be added to a pupil's final exam marks as a reward for good spelling and grammar.小学生期末考试的分数最多可以加5分,作为对其拼写和语法正确的奖励。2) N-COUNT 报答;回报;酬谢Potentially high financial rewards are attached to senior hospital posts.当上医院的高级职员就有可能享受丰厚的经济报酬。2、vt. 过去式: rewarded 过去分词: rewarded 现在分词: rewarding 第三人称单数: rewards词义:奖赏;奖励;酬谢Make the extra effort to impress the buyer and you will be rewarded with a quicker sale.多用心去打动顾客,货物就会更快售出。二、常用词组:to reward sb for sth因某事而奖励某人People should be rewarded for special effort.格外出力的人应该受到奖励。三、同义词辨析award : 侧重指官方或经正式研究裁决后对有功者或竞赛优胜者所给予的奖励。reward : 指对品德高尚和勤劳的人所给予的奖励。也可指为某事付酬金。13、appearance n.一、变形:复数: appearances二、词义:1)) 出现;显现The prompt appearance of the police prevented trouble.警察的迅速出现防止了骚乱的发生。2)外表;外貌,外观She takes great care over her appearance.她很注重自己的外表。三、常用词组1、keep up appearances (尤指为了掩饰真实情况而)维持门面,装门面,装体面2、make (或 put in) an appearance尤指出于礼节而)短时间到场,露面,亮相3、to (或 by) all appearances 就表面看来,就所能看到的情况而言To all appearances, it had been a normal day.四、同义词辨析appearance, look, face,这些名词均含事物或人的"外表,容貌"之意。appearance : 普通用词,着重由总体产生的印象。look : 普通用词,多用复数,可与appearance换用,但较口语化。face : 侧重指容貌。appear v.一、变形:过去式: appeared 过去分词: appeared 现在分词: appearing 第三人称单数: appears二、词义:1)出现, 显现,呈现We expected him, but he never appeared.我们等他, 他却一直没来。2)好像;似乎;看来The aircraft appears to have crashed near Katmandu.飞机似乎在加德满都附近坠毁了。3)(书籍等)出版,发表,问世I could hardly wait for 'Boys' World' to appear each month. 每个月我都翘首期盼着《男孩世界》的出版。link-v. 显得, 似乎,看来It appeared that he had a taste for music.看来他对音乐还有一定的鉴赏力。15、figure n./v.一、词义1. n. 复数: figures1)数字;位数It would be very nice if we had a true figure of how many people in this country haven't got a job.如果我们能得到该国失业人口的真实数字就好了。2) N-COUNT 人影;身影She waited, standing on the bridge, until his figure vanished against the grey backdrop of the Palace.她站在桥上,一直等到他的身影消失在宫殿灰色的阴影中。3) N-COUNT 体形;身材Take pride in your health and your figure.为自己的健康和体形感到骄傲吧。4) 人物;雕像;塑像Daniel Boone, the great hero figure of the frontier丹尼尔·布恩——西部伟大的英雄形象2. v. 过去式: figured 过去分词: figured 现在分词: figuring 第三人称单数: figures1)以为;推断;认为She figured that both she and Ned had learned a lot from the experience.她认为自己和内德都从这一经历中学到了很多东西。2)计算I figured the total to be more than Jan made it.我算出的总数比简算出的多。常用词组:1、to figure sth out | to figure out sth 算出Can you figure out the price per kilo for me 你能帮我算算每千克的价格吗?2、to figure sth/sb out | to figure out sth/sb想出;理解;弄清It took them about one month to figure out how to start the equipment.他们花了约一个月的时间才搞清楚如何启动这一设备。3、to figure sth up | to figure up sth 把…总计起来Give me a minute to figure up how much you owe me.给我一分钟时间合计一下你欠我多少钱。16、profit n./v.一、词义:1. n. 复数: profits1) 利润;收益You can improve your chances of profit by sensible planning.可以通过合理规划来提高盈利的可能性。常用词组:to make a profit 盈利;获利Despite the huge costs of setting it up, the exhibition made a profit.尽管展览举办费用高昂,但还是有所盈利。2)获利;盈利to sell sth. at a profit 出售某物获利I sold my shares in the company at a profit.我卖掉了公司的股份,从中赚了一笔。2. v. 过去式: profited 过去分词: profited 现在分词: profiting 第三人称单数: profits1) 盈利;获取利润;赚钱He has profited by selling his holdings to other investors.他将自己的股票卖给其他投资者,从中获利。2) 得益(于);对…有益;对…有好处So far the French alliance had profited the rebels little.到目前为止叛军都没有从法国同盟那里获得什么好处。profitable adj.一、词义:1) 盈利的;有利润的;赚钱的Drug manufacturing is the most profitable business in America.制药业是美国利润最丰厚的业务。2)有利可图的;有益的;有用的a profitable exchange of personnel and ideas人员和思想的有益交流17、campaign n./vi/一、词义:1. n. 复数: campaigns1) (为达到社会、政治或商业目的而进行的)运动,活动Apacs has launched a campaign to improve the training of staff.雅拍公司开展了加强员工培训的活动。常用词组:a campaign against sth. 反对…的运动the campaign against public smoking反对在公共场所吸烟的运动a campaign to get sth. done 促成某事的运动a campaign to get the prisoners released一场争取囚犯获释的运动2)(包括一系列战斗的)战役a bombing campaign轮番轰炸2. v. 过去式: campaigned 现在分词: campaigning 第三人称单数: campaigns1) 发起运动;开展活动They have been campaigning to improve the legal status of women.他们一直在为提高妇女的法律地位而奔走呼号。常用词组:to campaign for sth为…宣传呼吁He campaigned for political reform.他宣传呼吁进行政治改革。to campaign against sth宣传呼吁反对…The union has campaigned against the legislation.工会积极活动反对这一立法。2)作战The 10th Cavalry campaigned in the Southern Plains from 1867 to 1875.第10骑兵部队于1867年到1875年间在南部平原作战。二、同义词辨析battle, war, campaign这些名词均有"战斗,战争"之意。battle : 侧重指战争中的一次较全面、时间较长的战斗,也指陆军或海军在某一特定地区进行的战斗,或个人之间的争斗。war : 是战争的总称,一般指包括多个战役的大规模战争。campaign : 通常指在一场大的战争中在某一地区进行的一连串有既定目的的军事行动。也可作引申用。19、target n./v.一、词义1. n. 复数: targets1)(袭击的)目标,对象,靶子All the missiles hit the designated targets.所有导弹都击中了指定目标。2)目的;目标the park's annual target of 11 million visitors公园每年接纳1,100万游客的目标常用词组:1. to set a target制订目标2.to meet a target | to meet your target达到目标3.to miss your target | to miss the target未达到目标4. on target 击中要害的,准确的:完全准确的、精确的或有效的observations that were right on target2. v. 过去式: targeted过去分词: targeted 现在分词: targeting第三人称单数: targets1) 攻击;批评;以…为攻击目标He targets the economy as the root cause of the deteriorating law and order situation.他抨击经济是治安状况不断恶化的根源。2) 瞄准;面向;尽力吸引The company has targeted adults as its primary customers.这家公司将成年人作为其主要顾客。20、burden n./v.一、词义:1. n. 复数: burdens1) 重担;负担The developing countries bear the burden of an enormous external debt.发展中国家承受着巨大的外债负担。词组:to be a burden to sb | to be a burden on sb成为某人的负担She went into a nursing home so as not to be a burden on her family.为了不成为家庭的负担,她进了养老院。2)重负;负荷;负重A vastly disproportionate burden falls on women for child care.照料孩子的重担落在了女性身上。2. v. 过去式: burdened 过去分词: burdened 现在分词: burdening 第三人称单数: burdens1)加负荷于;使负担They could bring more accountability to tourist operators and tourists without burdening the taxpayer too much.他们可以让旅行社和游客承担更多责任,而不给纳税人过多的负担。词组:to burden sb. with sth. 用…烦扰某人I would not dream of burdening anyone with my problems.我压根不想拿我的问题去烦扰任何人。Group31、control verb, n.一、词义:v.过去式: controlled 过去分词: controlled 现在分词: controlling 第三人称单数: controls1)控制, 抑制, 支配He tried to control me.他试图支配我。I couldn't control myself, and I hit him.我气得不得了就打了他。2)管理, 操纵A captain controls his ship and its crew.船长管理他的船和船上的船员。3)克制,约束He controlled his anger and left the school.他压住怒火离开了学校。4)核实;验证;检查The accounts of the whole company are controlled in this department.整个公司的账目都是由这个部门检查。二、n.1)控制, 支配, 管理She argued for import control.她主张实行进口限制。2)管理手段She explained the controls of the washing machine.她解释了这台洗衣机的控制系统。三、常用词组1)in control(对形势、人或活动)能指挥的,能控制的2)out of control失去控制3)under control(危险,紧急情况)处于控制之下eg:It took two hours to bring the blaze under control.2、test noun, verb一.词义:n.1)测验The candidate has passed all the tests.那个应试者已通过所有的考试。2)化验You'd better not eat anything before a blood test.在验血前你最好不要吃任何东西。3)试验, 检验Tests have shown that these new tyres are significantly safer.试验表明这些新的轮胎要安全得多。4)考验Obviously they were putting him to a severe test.显然他们是在给他以严峻的考验。5)试验品, 试金石; 试验的手段Employers will use this agreement as a test in dealing with future wage claims.雇主们将这份协议当作处理未来加薪要求的判断准绳。vt.1)测验, 考查, 检查, 检验I'll test my judgement.我要考查一下自己的判断能力。2)考验Your patience is tested by time.时间将考验你的耐心。vi.1)测得结果He tested high in English, but low in Physics.他在英语测验中考了高分,但在物理测验中却考出低分。2)进行试验;进行测验;测试鉴定(与for连用)He used different methods to test for allergies.他用不同的方法测定变态反应性。二、常用词组1)put someone/thing to the test 使经受考验;检验;试验2)stand the test of time 经得起时间的考验(或检验等)3)test the water 试探,摸底三、同义词examination, test, quiz, exam 这些名词均含"考试"之意。examination : 通常指为检查学生知识或能力而举行的正式考试,有时也指临时考试。test : 多指有具体目的的临时性考试或小考。quiz : 指时间较短,随时进行的口头或书面的非正式测验。exam系examination的缩略形式,口语用词,通俗。3、admire v.一、变形:过去式: admired 过去分词: admired 现在分词: admiring 第三人称单数: admires二、词义:1)赞赏; 钦佩; 仰慕We admire his working so hard.我们钦佩他工作努力。2)称赞, 夸奖Don't forget to admire the baby.不要忘了夸奖那孩子。3)〈美口〉想要, 喜欢We would admire to hear.我们喜欢听。4、threaten v.一、变形: 过去式: threatened 过去分词: threatened 现在分词: threatening 第三人称单数: threatens二、词义:1)恐吓, 威胁They entreated and threatened, but all this seemed of no avail.他们时而恳求, 时而威胁, 但这一切看来都没有用。The boss threatened to fire her.老板威胁要开除她。2)预示(某事)The black clouds threaten a storm.乌云预示暴风雨的来临。四、词根 -en后缀: -en 1. 表动词,"变成"; 2. 表形容词,"由……制成的",通常加在名词后面; 3. 表名词,"人或物"1. adj.1)straiten 艰难的strait海峡,困难+en变成→adj.艰难的2)golden 金黄色的;贵重的,极好的gold金+en由……制成的→adj.金黄色的;贵重的,极好的3)oaken 橡木制的oak橡树+en由……制成的→adj.橡木制的4)waxen 蜡的,蜡制的wax蜡+en由……制成的→adj.蜡的,蜡制的2. n.1)chicken 鸡肉;鸡,小鸡,小鸟chick小鸡+en人或物→n.鸡肉;鸡,小鸡,小鸟2)citizen 公民;市民,居民city城市+en人或物→citizen3)heathen 异教徒heath荒野,树丛+en人或物→n.异教徒4)kitten 小猫kit=cat猫+en人或物→kitten5)maiden 少女,处女maid少女+en人或物→n.少女,处女 adj.未婚的,纯洁的,无经验的3.v.1)brighten [使]变亮,[使]愉快bright明亮的+en变成→v.[使]变亮,[使]愉快2)broaden 放宽,变阔broad宽+en变成→v.放宽,变阔3)dampen [使]潮湿,使沮丧,泼凉水damp潮湿+en变成→v.[使]潮湿,使沮丧,泼凉水4)darken [使]变黑[变暗]dark黑+en变成→v.[使]变黑[变暗]5)frighten 使惊吓;惊恐fright惊骇,吃惊+en变成→v.使惊吓;惊恐6)hasten 催促5、fear noun, verb一、词义:1、n.1)害怕, 恐惧He couldn't move for fear.他害怕得动弹不得。2)可能性There is no fear of that happening.那事绝不可能发生。2、vt. 过去式: feared 过去分词: feared 现在分词: fearing 第三人称单数: fears1)畏惧, 害怕, 担心He did not fear to die.他不怕死。Experts fear that there will be new outbreak of the disease.专家们担心这种疾病会再度流行。2)为…忧虑(或担心、焦虑)They feared the worst.他们担心会发生最坏的情况。vi.1)害怕, 忧虑Never fear—I will hold your hand.别怕, 我会握住你的手。二、常用词组1)for fear of (或 that) 以免No one dared refuse the order for fear of losing their job.2)never fear[用来宽慰人]别害怕,别担心We shall meet again, never fear.3)no fear (英,非正式)[表断然否认或拒绝]绝不,当然不‘Are you coming with me ’ ‘No fear—it's too exciting here.’.4)put the fear of God in (或 into) someone 恐吓5)without fear or favour 公正地,公平地三、同义词alarm, fear, fright, horror, panic, terror, dread 这些名词均含"恐惧,惧怕,惊恐"之意。alarm : 强调突然意识到有危险而产生的恐惧心理。fear : 普通用词,侧重指面临危险或灾祸时内心所引起的恐惧心情。fright : 通常指一阵突然的、令人震惊的短暂恐惧,有时含夸张意味。horror : 侧重指因看到令人讨厌或危险的东西或情景而引起的厌恶情绪、极度恐惧心情或战栗的动作。panic : 常指因突如其来的外界威胁使人群出现惊慌、恐惧或混乱。terror : 指极大的恐惧和惊骇,语气最强。dread : 可与fear换用,着重害怕的心理,但dread常指胆怯和丧失勇气。6、opportunity n. 复数: opportunities一、词义1)机会, 时机Good luck is when an opportunity comes along and you're prepared for it. 好运就是当机会来临时,你早已做好了准备。二、常用搭配opportunity knocks 成功的机会来了三、同义词chance, opportunity, occasion 这些名词均含"机会"之意。chance : 侧重指偶然或意外的机会,有时也指正常或好的机会。opportunity : 侧重指有利或适合于采取行动,以达到某一目的或实现某种愿望的最佳时机或机会。occasion : 指特殊时机或良机,也指时节。comment noun, verb一、词义:1、n. 复数: comments1)评论;意见He made his comments at a news conference in Amsterdam... 他在阿姆斯特丹的记者招待会上发表了意见。I was wondering whether you had any comments about that ... 请问您对此有何见解?2)N-SING (通常是不好的事的)体现,写照He argues that family problems are typically a comment on some unresolved issues in the family.他认为各种家庭问题通常都反映出家庭内部存在一些有待解决的矛盾3)无可奉告(通常用于回答记者的提问)No comment. I don't know anything.无可奉告。我什么都不知道。2、v. 过去式: commented 过去分词: commented 现在分词: commenting 第三人称单数: comments1)发表意见;作出评论So far, Mr Cook has not commented on these reports... 到目前为止,库克先生仍未就这些报道发表评论。Stratford police refuse to comment on whether anyone has been arrested...斯特拉福德警方拒绝对是否已有人被捕一事发表任何评论。二、词组搭配no comment 无可奉告17、apology n. 复数: apologies一、词义:1)道歉;认错;愧疚的表示We received a letter of apology.我们收到了一封致歉信。2)(表示或作出)道歉His mother offered her apologies to the Jones family.他的母亲向琼斯一家赔了不是。二、常用词组make apologies to | offer apologies to 向…道歉In Chinese culture, people make apologies to others by pouring them tea as a sign of regret or submission.在中国文化里,人们用倒茶的方式向他人道歉,表示悔意或谦恭。apologize vi.变形:过去式: apologized 过去分词: apologized 现在分词: apologizing 第三人称单数: apologizes词义:~ for道歉;认错Two years ago, Congress formally apologized for the internment... 两年前,国会就此拘留事件正式道歉。I apologize for being late... 我为自己的迟到致歉。7、celebrate v. celebrated celebrated celebrating celebratesvt. 祝贺His victory was celebrated with music and dancing.人们载歌载舞祝贺他的胜利。vi. 庆祝I was in a mood to celebrate.我想庆祝一下。celebrate with sb. for sth.But I want to celebrate with you for your success. 我想要跟你一起庆祝!派生词:celebration n. 庆典,庆祝会I can tell you, there was a celebration in our house that night.跟你说吧,那天晚上我们在家里搞了个庆祝活动。celebrated adj. 著名的;有名望的He was soon one of the most celebrated young painters in England.他很快就跻身于英国最著名的青年画家行列。8、gift n./vt.n. 1) 礼物;礼品They believed the unborn child was a gift from God. 他们认为腹中的孩子是上帝赐予的礼物。2) 天赋;天才;才能Her grandmother had the gift of making people happy. 她奶奶有逗人开心的本事。v. 赠送to gift sth to sb.= to gift sb sth赠送某人某物I suggest he simply gifts the flat to his daughter.=I suggest he simply gifts his daughter the flat.我建议他直接把公寓赠送给他女儿得了。派生词:gifted adj.有天赋的;有才华的Sun Yang is one of the most gifted players in the world.孙杨世界上最有天赋的运动员之一。9、cycle n./vi./vt.1)n. 循环;周而复始They must break out of the cycle of violence.他们必须打破暴力循环。2)周期Women have a monthly cycle of temperature variation.女性有一个体温变化的月周期。3) 自行车;三轮车He got back on his cycle and sped home.他踏着自行车快速奔向家去。vi. 骑自行车;骑三轮车Over 1,000 riders cycled 100 miles around the Vale of York.一千多人围着约克谷地骑行了100英里。vt.使轮转;使循环He cycled to Beijing.他骑车去了北京。11、invite vt./n.vt. 1)邀请I invited her for a coffee.我邀请她喝了杯咖啡。2) 请求,要求to invite sb to do sth请求某人做某事;要求某人做某事Managers will be invited to apply for a management buy-out.经理们将被请求申请管理层收购。n. 邀请;请帖They haven't got an invite to the wedding.他们没有收到婚礼请帖。invitation 复数: invitations1)邀请The Syrians have not yet accepted an invitation to attend.叙利亚人还没有接到出席邀请。2) 诱因;招致…的行为Don't leave your shopping on the back seat of your car — it's an open invitation to a thief.别把买的东西放在汽车后座上——那会招来小偷的。comfort n./vt.n. 复数: comforts1)舒适;舒服This will enable the audience to sit in comfort while watching the shows.这样能够让观众舒舒服服地坐着看表演。2)安慰;慰藉He will be able to take some comfort from inflation figures due on Friday.预定星期五发布的通货膨胀数字将会给他一些宽慰。vt. 安慰;抚慰Ned put his arm around her, trying to comfort her. 内德搂着她,想安慰她。comfortable adj.1)舒适的;安逸的Trainers are so comfortable to wear.运动鞋穿起来真舒适。2)自在的;放心的;不紧张的to be comfortable about sth | to be comfortable with sth对…很放心;对…感到舒服Nervous politicians might well feel more comfortable with/about a step-by-step approach.神经脆弱的政治家当然更希望采用按部就班的做法。Group41、sense n./vt.一、变形: sensed sensed sensing senses二、词义:1)N-COUNT 感觉官能(即视觉、嗅觉、听觉、触觉、味觉)She stared at him again, unable to believe the evidence of her senses.她再度盯着他看,无法相信自己的眼睛和耳朵。2)VERB 感觉到;觉察到;意识到She probably sensed that I wasn't telling her the whole story...她可能意识到了我并没有对她全盘托出。三、常用词组A sense of …的感觉make sense 有意义;讲得通;言之有理sense of responsibility 责任感,责任心四、派生词Sensible adj. 明智的;明显的;意识到的;通晓事理的The sensible thing is to leave them alone.明智的做法是不理他们。doubt n./vt./vi一、变形:复数: doubts 过去式: doubted 过去分词: doubted 现在分词: doubting 第三人称单数: doubts二、词义1)N-VAR 怀疑;疑虑I had my doubts when she started, but she's getting really good...她刚开始做时我心存疑虑,但她真的做得很好。2)VERB 不能肯定;认为…未必可能;怀疑(某事物的真实性);怀疑,不相信(某人或某人的话)He doubted if he would learn anything new from Marie. 他认为他不太可能从玛丽那儿学到任何新东西。Nobody that I spoke to doubted his sincerity as a politician. 和我谈过话的人中没有一个怀疑他作为一个政治家的诚意。I still have no reason to doubt his word. 我还是没有理由怀疑他的话。三、常用词组there is no doubt that 毫无疑问And there is no doubt that in these books you see these men at their best.而且毫无疑问,在这些书里,你可以看到这些人正处于他们的最佳状态四、派生词Doubtful adj.难以预测的; 难以预料的,未定局的;怀疑的,拿不准的;不明不白1)ADJ-GRADED 未必的;不大可能的;怀疑的;疑惑的;拿不定主意的It is doubtful whether Tweed, even with his fluent French, passed for one of the locals...尽管特威德能说一口流利的法语,他是否能被当作当地人还很难说。I was still very doubtful about the chances for success...我对能否成功仍然深表怀疑。5、view n./vt.一、变形:复数:views 过去式:viewed 过去分词:viewed 现在分词:viewing 第三人称单数:views二、词义1)N-COUNT 观点;看法;见解;态度;景观;景色;风景;(尤指)美景Washington and Moscow are believed to have similar views on Kashmir.据信华盛顿和莫斯科在克什米尔问题上的看法相似。Each of the rooms has a superb view of Pissouri Bay. 每个房间都能将皮苏里湾的美景尽收眼底。2)N-SING (对某一问题的)看法,考虑,思量The drama takes an idealistic, even a naive view of the subject... 这部戏在对待这一主题上有些理想化,甚至是天真。3)VERB 考虑;看待Abigail's mother Linda views her daughter's talent with a mixture of pride and worry...阿比盖尔的母亲琳达带着一种又骄傲又担忧的复杂情绪看待女儿的才华。三、常用词组in view of adv. 鉴于;考虑到In view of all of these factors, we can get the conclusion: young should choose his job according to his interest.考虑到所有这些因素,我们能得出这样的结论:年轻人应该根据自己的兴趣来选择职业。四、派生词Viewpoint n. 观点,意见,角度; 视角; <物>视点;N-COUNT 观点;看法;角度;视角;角度;观察点The novel is shown from the girl's viewpoint...这部小说是从这个女孩的视角来叙述的You have to know where to stand for a good viewpoint.你得知道站在哪里观察角度比较理想。calm adj./vt./vi./n./一、变形:复数: calms 过去式: calmed 过去分词: calmed 现在分词: calming 第三人称单数: calms二、词义1)ADJ-GRADED 镇定的;镇静的;冷静的;平静的;安定的She is usually a calm and diplomatic woman.她通常沉着而老练。The city of Sarajevo appears relatively calm today. 萨拉热窝城今天显得相对平静些。2)VERB 使平静;使安静;使镇定;平定;使安定;使有秩序Tranquilliser drugs were used to calm the deportees.使用了镇静剂来让被放逐者们安静下来。Officials hoped admitting fewer foreigners would calm the situation. 官员们希望通过减少外国人入境的数量来使局势平定下来。3)N-UNCOUNT 平静;安静;宁静;(帆船比赛中的)静风,风平浪静...the rural calm of Grand Rapids, Michigan. 密歇根州大急流城田园般的宁静。We had the whole gamut of wind from a dead calm to a force 10 gale. 我们这里什么风都有,从风平浪静到十级大风。三、常用词组calm down 平静下来;镇定下来四、派生词Calmly adv. 冷静地;平静地;安静地;calmness n. 冷静,镇静;平静,安宁;Most people do not understand, so they try to find calmness, but without success.大多数人不懂这个,所以他们虽然想要寻求平静,但都不成功。respond vt./vi.1)vt. responded responded ponding responds回复;回答She responded scornfully.她不屑地回答道。2)vi.①回复;回答 respond to sb/sth 回复…It seems likely that Wiseman was responding to a letter written prior to Smith's death.似乎怀斯曼正在回复一封在史密斯去世之前写的信。②回应;响应;作出反应 to respond with sth 以…回应The army responded with gunfire and tear gas.部队开火并喷射催泪瓦斯予以回击。responsible 负责的,可靠的;有责任的responsive 响应的;应答的;回答的At hearing his name spoken, the dog gave a responsive wag of his tail.听到有人喊它的名字,这条狗摆了摆尾巴。promise vt./vi./n.1)vt. promised promised promising promises①保证;允诺;答应The leaders have promised a return to full democracy.领导人已经承诺要回归完全的民主。to promise to do sth 答应做某事I promised to take my children to the funfair on Saturday.我答应周六带孩子们去游乐场。to promise sb (that)... 向某人保证…He promised his mother that he would write.他向妈妈保证说会写信。②将…许配;为…订婚to be promised to sb被许配给某人;与某人订婚I'm promised to Bill.我和比尔订了婚。③答应给予;承诺给予;保证让…得到to promise sth to sb | to promise sb sth 答应给某人某物I've promised this picture to my son.我已经答应把这幅画送给我的儿子。2)vi. 有可能;有指望;有前途to promise to be sth 可能是…;有希望是…The seminar also promises to be most instructive.这次研讨会可能会颇具启发性。3)n. 复数: promises诺言;承诺;保证to make a promise 许下诺言If you make a promise, you should keep it.如果做出了承诺,就应该遵守。to make sb a promise向某人保证He made me a promise.他向我保证过的。to make a promise to do sth保证去做某事He made a promise never to do it again.他保证再也不这么做了。to break a promise违背诺言It wasn't the first time he'd broken a promise not to get drunk.这不是他第一次违背不喝醉酒的诺言了。to keep your promise遵守诺言She kept her promise and never said another word about it.她遵守诺言,再也没有提及此事。export n./vi./vt.1)n. 复数: exports①出口;输出for export为了出口They grow cotton and bananas for export.他们种植棉花和香蕉以供出口。2)vt. exported exported exporting exports①出口;输出Africa is exporting beef to Europe.非洲在向欧洲出口牛肉。②传播(抽象意义)Europeans now export their values to all parts of the world.欧洲人现在把他们的价值观念传播到了世界各个角落。3)vi.出口;输出物资To earn foreign exchange we must export.要想获得外汇,我们必须出口。反义词:import n./vt. 进口 vi.具有重要性1)n. 复数: imports①进口的货物;输入的劳务farmers protesting about cheap imports反对廉价进口商品的农民②意义;重要性Who leads Canada is also of some import to the rest of the world.由谁来领导加拿大对世界上的其他国家也具有重大意义。2) vt. imported imported importing imports①进口;输入Even the smallest piece of machinery is imported.甚至连最小的机器也是进口的。②导入You can import files from Microsoft Word or MacWrite.你可以从微软Word(文字处理软件) 或苹果MacWrite(文字编辑软件)导入文件。We import an incredible amount of cheese from the Continent.我们从欧洲大陆进口数量惊人的奶酪。Group6produce vt./n.1)vt. produced produced producing produces①出产;生产,发;产生The field produces a third of the nation's oil.该油田生产该国三分之一的石油。②产生;生成,做;烹调to produce seed 结籽These plants are then pollinated and allowed to mature and produce seed.然后,这些植物就被授粉,从而成熟结籽。③生产;制造The company produces components for the aerospace industry.该公司为航空航天业生产元器件。2) n. (统称)农产品We manage to get most of our produce in Britain.我们设法在英国搞到了大部分农产品。product n. 产品;制品Try to get the best product at the lowest price.尽量以最低的价格买到最好的产品。production n. 复数: productions1)产生;形成;生成These proteins stimulate the production of blood cells.这些蛋白质刺激血细胞的产生。2) 产量;生产率Industrial production has fallen by 20% over two years.两年来,工业生产下降了20%。同义词辨析:produce, product, production 这些名词均含有"产品,制品"之意。produce : 多指农产品(尤指蔬菜水果等)。product : 一般指工业产品,也可泛指各种各样的产品。production : 含义广泛,不同场合有不同的意思,可表示"产品,产物",尤指人类智力或艺术劳动的产品。protect v.保护;投保to protect sb/sth from/against sth 保护…免受…She had his umbrella to protect her from the rain.她有他的伞来挡雨。to protect sb from sb 保护某人不受某人的伤害It sought an injunction in order to protect women from this man.它寻求禁制令以保护女人免受这个男人的伤害。名词protection n. 复数: protections1) 保护;防护protection from sth | protection against sth 针对…的保护;针对…的防护The diet may offer protection against cancer.这种膳食可以抗癌。2) be under sb's protection 处于某人的保护之下I placed myself under his protection.我将自己置于他的保护之下。3) 保险范围;承保范围The new policy is believed to be the first scheme to offer protection against an illness.这份新保险单被认为是首个承保疾病风险的保险方案。动词加-tion变成名词:1)动词本身以t结尾:+ion attraction action connection invention2)以te结尾的动词,去e再加-ionpullute-pollution donate-donation educate-education operate-operation3)元音+辅音+e结尾的动词去e再加-ationinvite-invitation organize-organization realize-realizationguide一、词义:noun. verb复数guides1)指南;手册 ~ to sth.eg: a guide to Family Health. 家庭健康指南。2)导游;向导 tour guide3)指导者;指引者 a spiritual ~ 神修指导者4)有指导意义的事务;指导的事务eg:I let my feelings be my guide.我是跟着感觉走。v. 过去式 guided 过去分词guided 现在分词guiding1)指路 ~sb. to/through/around sth. 给某人领路eg:He took the bewildered Elliott by the arm and guided him out.他抓着不知所措的埃利奥特的胳膊,把他带了出来。2)影响行为eg:He was always guided by his religious beliefs.他的言行总是以自己的宗教信仰为依归。3)阐明 ~ sb. through sth. 向某人阐明eg: The health and safety officer will guide you through the safety procedures.卫生安全官员将向你把安全规程解释一遍。二、派生词:guiding 给予指导的;有影响的guideway 导槽;导轨;导路guideline 指导方针;指导原则;行动纲领;准则deliver verb一、变形:过去式: delivered 过去分词: delivered 现在分词: delivering 第三人称单数: delivers二、词义:1)递交;传递;交付;运载 ~ sth. to sb./ sth.Eg: I have orders to deliver it to Mr. Demiris personally. 我奉命要把它送给德米里斯先生本人。2)发表;宣布;发布 ~ a speech/ lecture 发表演讲3)~ on sth. 履行诺言;兑现Eg: If you can’t deliver improved sales figures, you are fired.如果你不能按照要求提高销售额,就会被解雇。4)交出;移交 ~ sb./ sth. (up/over) (to sb.)Eg: They delivered their prisoner over to the invading army.他们把俘虏交给了侵略军。5)助产;接生 ~ a baby6)投掷;把……瞄准;用……对准Eg: He delivered the blow with all his force.他打这一下使出了全身力气。7) ~ sb. from sth. 解救;拯救;使摆脱三、派生词:delivery n. 传递;交付deliverable noun [usually pl.] 应交付的产品deliverance ~ from sth. 解救;拯救;解脱8、wrap verb,noun一、词义:Verb. 过去式: wrapped 过去分词: wrapped 现在分词: wrapping 第三人称单数: wraps1)~ sth. (up) (in sth.) 包,裹(礼物等)Eg:Diana is taking the opportunity to wrap up the family presents. 黛安娜利用这个机会将家人的礼物包起来。2)~ A (up) in B| ~ B round/around A 用……包裹(或包扎、覆盖等)Eg:I wrapped the baby (up) in a blanket.我用毯子把婴儿裹了起来。3)~ sth. around/ round sth./sb. 用……缠绕(或围紧)Eg:A scarf was wrapped around his neck.他的脖子上围着一条围巾。4)~ sth. around/ round (使文字)换行Eg:The text wraps around if it is too long to fit the screen.如果文本太长,在显示屏放不下的话,会自动换行。二、经典搭配be wrapped up in sb./sth. 专心致志于;全神贯注于wrap up| wrap it up(slang) 住口;闭嘴;别再捣乱wrap up| wrap sb./yourself up (使)穿得暖和点wrap sth. up (informal) 圆满完成;顺利结束(协议或会议等)eg:That just about wraps it up for today.这就差不多给今天画了个圆满的句号。三、noun 复数: wraps1)【C】(女用)围巾,披肩2)【U】包裹(或包装)材料3)【sing.】(拍摄电影时)完成拍摄,停机eg:Cut! That’s a wrap.停!就拍摄到这儿。4)【C】墨西哥卷(用冻玉米薄饼裹肉或蔬菜而成的三明治)经典搭配:under wraps (informal)保密,隐藏eg: Next year’s collection is still being kept under wraps.明年的时装系列仍在保密之中。四、派生词wrapped adj. 极高兴的;十分满意的wrapper n. 包装纸,包装塑料operate 运转;操作;使用;动手术 ~ on sb. for sth.operation noun一、词义:复数~s1)【C】手术 ~ on sb. for sth. |~ to do sth.2)【C】(有组织的)活动,行动 eg: a security ~ 安全行动3) 【包括许多部分的】企业,公司 eg: a huge multinational ~ 庞大的跨国公司4)【C,U】运算,运作二、常用搭配:in ~ 工作中;使用中;有效come into ~ 开始工作;开始生效put sth. into ~ 实施;启用三、派生词operational adj. 操作的,运转的Group7Abuse一,变形:abuses; abusing; abused; abused;二,词义;n.(U) 滥用,虐待、辱骂1)滥用e.g. alcohol abuse2)虐待e.g. child abuse3) 辱骂(u)e.g. a torrent of abuse 一通臭骂vt. 滥用,虐待、辱骂1)滥用e.g. She abused her position by giving jobs to her friends.2)虐待e.g. All the children had been physically abused.3) 辱骂e.g. The referee had been threatened and abused.三,近义:insult, 谩骂,侮辱n. (c),; vt. Insult sb.四,派生:abuser,n. 滥用者;虐待者;Desire变形:desires; desiring; desired; desired;二,词义;n.(C) 愿望,渴望,欲望e.g. a strong desire for power.vt. Desire to do sth.愿望,渴望,欲望(不用于进行时)e.g. We all desire health and happiness.三,近义:1)ambition, n. 野心:四,派生:desirable, adj.渴望的;值得做的;undesirable,adj.,不可取的,不想要的Process变形:processes;(复数)二,词义;n. 过程,程序e.g. I'm afraid getting things changed will be a slow process.Vt. 1)加工,处理e.g. The food is processed carefully.2) 审核,审阅e.g. The application should be processed quickly.三,派生:processing n. 过程;进程:Whisper变形:whispers; whispering; whispered; whispered二,词义;n.(C) 耳语,私语e.g. They spoke in whispers.vt/vi. 耳语,私语e.g. He whispered to me that he was afraid.e.g. She leaned over and whispered something in his ear.三,近义:murmur, (C), n./vt. (私下)发怨言,牢骚,自言自语Function变形:functions; functioning; functioned;二,词义;n. (C), 功能,作用e.g. The function of the heart is to pump blood through the body.vi. 运转e.g. Despite the power cuts, the hospital continued to function normally.三,近义:1)operate, vi. 运转:vt. 操作四,派生:functional, adj.Lie变形:lies; lying; (一过))lay; lied; (过分lied;lain;)二,词义;n. (C)谎言,谎话e.g. The whole story is nothing but a pack of lies.e.g. white lies善意的谎言vi. 撒谎 (lies; lying; lied; lied)~ (to sb) (about sth)e.g. Don't lie to me about your age.vi. 躺, (lay; lain),躺下(lie down)e.g. The cat was lying fast asleep by the fire.vi. 存在于e.g. The problems lie in deciding when to start..serve一,变形:serves: serving: served: served二,词义Vt.1) ~ sth (with sth) | ~ sth (to sb) | ~ sb sth(给某人)提供;端上 e.g. The delegates were served with a wonderful meal.2) ~ sb (with sth)(向某地或某一群体)供应,提供 e.g. The centre will serve the whole community.3) ~ (as sth)任期为;担任(职务)] She was elected to serve as secretary of the local party.三,派生:1)service,n.服务2) servant, n. 仆人12. signal,一,词义:n. 1) 信号;暗号 a danger/warning/distress etc. signal 2) (尤指铁路和公路上的)指示灯,信号灯,红绿灯 traffic signals交通信号灯Suffer一,变形: suffers; suffering; suffered;二,词义;vt./ vi. 经历,遭受 suffer frome.g. He made a rash decision and now he is suffering for it.e.g. He suffered from punishment because of his violation.四,派生: suffering n. 苦难,痛苦Operate一,变形: operates; operating; operated;二,词义; v. 运转;操作1) 运转 vi.e.g. Solar panels can only operate in sunlight.2) 操作 vt.e.g. What skills are needed to operate this machinery .三,近义:1)function, vi. 正常运作,起作用;2)work, vi. 运转;操作四,派生:operationExperiment一,变形:experiments(复数); experiments(三单); experimenting; experimented;二,词义;n. 实验 e.g. carry out~e.g. Many people do not like the idea of experiments on animals.v. 实验e.g. Some people feel that experimenting on animals is wrong.三,近义:1) test n. 试验,测试Inform一,变形:informs; informing; informed;二,词义;vt. 通知;告诉 ~ sb (of/about sth)e.g. Please inform us of any changes of address.e.g. keep sb. informedRelate一,变形:relates;relating;related二,词义;vi. 有关;涉及 relate to sth/sbe.g. The second paragraph relates to the situation in Scotland.四,派生:1) Relation , n. 关系,联系;2) Relationship,n. 关系;3) Relative, adj. 相关的;n. 亲戚;Tolerate一,变形:tolerates;tolerating;tolerated二,词义;vt. 容忍,忍受e.g. There is a limit to what one person can tolerate.三,近义:1)bear, vt. 忍受,忍耐;2)endure, vt.[正式] 忍受,忍耐;3)stand, vt. 经受,忍受;四,派生:tolerant , adj.Ignore一,变形:ignores; ignoring; ignored;二,词义;vt. 忽视;不理睬1) 忽视e.g. He ignored all the ‘No Smoking’ signs and lit up a cigarette.2) 不理睬e.g. She ignored him and carried on with her work.四,派生:be ignorant ofAddict一,变形: addicts(三单);addicting;addicted二,词义;vi. 使沉溺 ,对..上瘾be addicted toe.g. She is addicted to music.四,派生:addictionRetire一,变形:retires;retiring;retired二,词义;vi. 退休,就寝e.g. He will retire from the army next year.四,派生:RetirementComplete一,变形:completes;completing;completed二,词义;vt. 完成,结束 adj.完全的,完整的e.g. Her pride drove her to complete the job.adj.完全的,完整的e.g. a complete guide to events in Oxford三、近义:1) finish v. 完成,结束2) end v. 结束四、派生:Concern一,变形:concerns(三单); concerns(复数); concerning; concerned;二,词义;v. 使担心,关心e.g. What concerns me is our lack of preparation for the change.n. 担心,忧虑e.g. There is growing concern about violence on television.三,近义:1)care, n. 忧虑,烦恼;2)worry, n. 担忧,忧虑;四,派生: concerned ,adj.Sacrifice一,变形:sacrifices(复数); sacrifices(三单); sacrificing;sacrificed二,词义;n. 牺牲e.g. Her parents made sacrifices so that she could enjoy wonderful education.vt. 牺牲e.g. She sacrificed everything for her children.Recognize变形:recognizes; recognizing; recognized;二,词义;vt. 认出,识别,认可1) 认出,识别e.g. They recognized the need to take the problem seriously.2) 认可e.g. The UK has refused to recognize the new regime.三,近义:1) know v. 认出四,派生: recognition n. 认出,识别,认可Encourage变形:encourages; encouraging; encouraged;二,词义; v. 鼓励 ~ sb. to do sth.e.g. My parents have always encouraged me in my choice of career.三,近义:1)inspire v. 鼓舞,激励四,派生:1)encouragement n. 鼓励2)discourage v. 使泄气,阻止Group8assess v.一、变形:assesses, assessed, assessed, assessing二、词义:1)评估e.g. The test was to assess aptitude rather than academic achievement.该测试将评估能力而不是学业成绩。2)计算; 估算e.g. Ask them to send you information on how to assess the value of your belongings.叫他们把如何估算你的财产价值的资料寄给你。三、派生词adj. assessable 可估价的;可评价的;可征收的;可征税的n.assessment 评定;估价assessor 评审员;确定税款的人;顾问7. possess v.一、变形:possesses, possessed, possessed, possessing二、词义:1)拥有e.g. He was then arrested and charged with possessing an offensive weapon.他之后被逮捕了并被指控拥有攻击性武器。三、常用词组1)possess ofe.g. I consider that everyone would like to experience and possess of happiness. But one person is different from the other so they have different feeling on happiness.我想,世界上所有的人都想经历和拥有幸福。只是不同的人对幸福有着不同的追求和向往,幸福感也各有不同。四、辨析have, hold, possess, own, enjoy, keep这组词都有“有,具有,持有”的意思,其区别是:have:最常用词,可指任何情况下的具有,无论是物质的或精神的。hold:指拥有并保持财产及持有见解等,暗示不让别人拿走或占有。possess:较正式,指拥有或占有并能加以控制与支配,强调其归属;也指具有某种品质、才能、特点或性能等。own:不及本组的possess正式,多指所属关系,强调所有权,不管所属物是否在物主手中。enjoy: 指享有某种权利或长处,带有欣赏或喜爱的情感。keep:指长时间地保有,保存某物,防止别人占去,强调安全和感情上的依附五、派生词adj. possessive 占有的;所有的;所有格的;占有欲强的n.possession 拥有;财产;领地;自制;着迷possessor持有人9. enrich v.一、变形:enriches, enriched, enriched, enriching二、词义:1)充实; 丰富e.g. It is important to enrich the soil prior to planting.栽种之前给土壤施肥很重要。2)使富裕e.g. He will drain, rather than enrich, the country.他将耗尽而不是增加国家的财富。三、同义词fertilize vt. 使充实;使肥沃;使富足四、派生词n. enrichment 丰富;改进;肥沃;发财致富10. approve v.一、变形:approves, approved, approved, approving二、词义:1)赞成;同意 approve ofe.g. I told my mother I wanted to leave school but she didn't approve of my idea.我告诉母亲我不想继续上学,但是母亲不同意我的想法。2)批准,通过e.g. The committee unanimously approved the plan.委员会一致通过了计划。三、辨析approve, sanction, confirm这组词都有“批准”的意思,其区别是:approve:普通用词,常指正式的或官方的批准。sanction:语气最强,多指官方的同意或批准,是书面用词。confirm:强调按法律程序提请确认或批准。四、派生词adj. approved 被认可的;经过检验的n.approval 批准;认可;赞成approver 批准者;承认者,赞成者12. suspect v./n.一、变形:suspects, suspected, suspected, suspecting二、词义:1)怀疑e.g. He suspected that the woman staying in the flat above was using heroin.他怀疑住在楼上公寓里的那位女子在吸食海洛因。2)觉得e.g. The above complaints are, I suspect, just the tip of the iceberg.上述的这些抱怨,我觉得,不过是冰山的一角。N-COUNT 嫌疑犯e.g. Police have arrested a suspect in a series of killings in the city.警方逮捕了该城市一系列杀人案件中的一名嫌疑犯。Adj. 可疑的e.g. Delegates evacuated the building when a suspect package was found.一个可疑包裹被发现后,代表们撤离了这栋大楼。三、辨析doubt, suspect, distrust这组词都有“怀疑”的意思,其区别是:doubt:普通用词,多指因证据不足或仅凭证据还不能肯定而产生怀疑,多含否定意味。suspect:指猜疑、疑心,肯定意味较多。distrust:指疑惑、猜疑,不信任。四、派生词adj.suspected 有嫌疑的suspensive 暂停的;悬而不决的;可疑的;暧昧的13. embarrass v.一、变形:embarrasses, embarrassed, embarrassed, embarrassing二、词义:1)使…尴尬e.g. Her questions about my private life embarrassed me.她询问我的私生活使我感到很尴尬。2)使…陷入麻烦e.g. The speech was deliberately designed to embarrass the prime minister.这个发言是故意为难首相。三、派生词adj.embarrassed 尴尬的;窘迫的embarrassing 使人尴尬的;令人为难的n. embarrassment 窘迫,难堪;使人为难的人或事物;拮据15. pursue v.一、变形:pursues, pursued, pursued, pursuing,二、词义:1)追求, 努力实现e.g. He will pursue a trade policy that protects workers.他将努力实行保护工人的贸易政策。2)执行; 贯彻e.g. He said Japan would continue to pursue the policies laid down at the London summit.他说日本将继续贯彻伦敦峰会上确定的方针。3)追赶e.g. She pursued the man who had stolen her bag.她追赶那个偷了她钱包的男子。三、常用词组1)pursue after v. 追赶e.g. What Marx pursue after for lifetime is emancipation and freedom of all people in the world.实际上,马克思一生为之奋斗的东西是全人类的自由和解放。四、派生词adj. pursuant 依据的;追赶的;随后的n.pursuit 追赶,追求;职业,工作 pursuer 追求者;追捕者16. accommodate v.一、变形:accommodates, accommodated, accommodated, accommodating二、词义:1)容纳e.g. The school was not big enough to accommodate all the children.学校没有足够的地方容纳所有的学生。2)为…提供住宿 accommodate sb.e.g. The hotel can accommodate up to 500 guests.这家旅馆可供 500 位旅客住宿。3)使…适应e.g. The roads are built to accommodate gradual temperature changes.这些道路是为适应气温的逐渐变化而建的。三、常用词组1)accommodate withe.g. The company can serve fully format, accommodate with the requirement of a customer.这家公司可以按顾客的要求,充分地提供各种服务。e.g. The bank will accommodate you with a loan.银行将向你提供一笔贷款。四、派生词adj.accommodating 随和的;乐于助人的;肯通融的accommodative 适应的;调节的n.accommodation 住处,膳宿;调节;和解;预订铺位accommodator 调解人;适应者;提供方便者17. decline n./ v.一、变形:declines, declined, declined, declining二、词义:1)下降e.g. The number of staff has declined from 217,000 to 114,000.员工人数已从217000人减少到114000人。2)谢绝e.g. He offered the boys some coffee. They declined politely.他要给男孩们来些咖啡。他们礼貌地拒绝了。n. 下降e.g. Official figures show a sharp decline in the number of foreign tourists.官方数字显示外国游客数量骤降。三、常用词组1)on the decline 在走下坡路;在衰退中e.g. It makes me very sad, because I see that things are on the decline. 这使我非常伤心,因为我看到事情在走下坡路。2)in decline 在衰退中e.g. The mere fact that America still attracts millions of people is evidence that it is not in decline .美国依然吸引着千百万人,仅这一事实就足以证明它并没衰落。四、派生词n. declination 倾斜;偏差;衰微18. expand v.一、变形:expands, expanded, expanded, expanding,二、词义:1)扩大; 膨胀e.g. Engineers noticed that the pipes were not expanding as expected.工程师们注意到管子并未像预期的那样膨胀。2)使…发展; 发展e.g. The tourism expanded toward the middle of the 19th century.旅游业业在19世纪中叶得到了发展。三、常用词组1)expand into 扩张Many Western firms want to expand into Asia. 许多西方的公司都想向亚洲扩张。四、派生词adj.expanded 扩充的;展开的expansive 广阔的;扩张的;豪爽的expandable 可膨胀的;可张开的n. expansion 膨胀;阐述;扩张物19. donate v.一、变形:donates, donated, donating二、词义:1)捐赠e.g. He frequently donates large sums to charity.他经常向慈善机构大笔捐款。三、派生词adj. donated 捐赠的n. donation 捐款,捐赠物;捐赠20. advocate n./ v.一、变形:advocates, advocated, advocated, advocating,二、词义:1)提倡e.g. Many experts advocate rewarding your child for good behavior.很多专家主张对小孩的良好表现加以奖励。n. 倡导者e.g. He was a strong advocate of free market policies and a multi-party system.他是自由市场政策以及多党制的坚定倡导者。三、辨析support, sustain, back, uphold, advocate都有“支持,拥护”的意思,其区别是:support:含义广泛,多指在道义上或物质上支持某人,也可指对某项事业的支持。sustain:侧重指连续不断的支持。back:通常指对论点、行动、事业等的强有力支持。uphold:既可指积极努力对陷入困境者的支持,也可指给某人在行动、道义或信仰上的支持。advocate:多指通过写文章或发表演说等来支持或拥护,往往暗示提倡某事或为某事辩护。四、派生词n.advocacy 主张;拥护;辩护advocator 提倡者,拥护者21. obtain v.一、变形:obtains, obtained, obtained, obtaining二、词义:获得(尤指经努力)e.g. Evans was trying to obtain a false passport and other documents.埃文斯当时正试图获取假护照和其他文件。存在;流行e.g. These conditions no longer obtain.这些条件不再适用。三、常用词组obtain employment 就业,找到工作e.g. The pressure of obtain employment still should be faced after the graduate student graduates.研究生毕业之后还是要面对就业的压力。四、辨析acquire, obtain, get, secure, win, earn, gain都有“获得、取得”的意思,其区别是:acquire:强调通过不断的、持续的努力而获得某物,也指日积月累地渐渐地获得。书面语用词。obtain:较正式用词,着重通过巨大努力、要求而得到所需或盼望已久的东西。get:普通用词,使用广泛,可指以任何方式得到某物,也不一定要经过努力。secure:强调要通过努力或竞争,或需要付出代价才能获得所渴望的东西。win:主要指通过努力、斗争、比赛等而获得胜利。earn:侧重指依靠自己的劳动或因付出代价与有功而获得。gain:侧重指经过努力或有意识行动而取得某种成就或获得某种利益或好处。五、派生词adj. obtainable 能得到的n. obtainment 获得2. select n./ v.一、变形:selects, selected, selected, selecting,二、词义:挑选; 选择e.g. All our hotels have been carefully selected for the excellent value they provide.我们的所有旅馆都是精心挑选的,最为合算。选定(某文件或某段文章以作特别处理) [计算机]e.g. I selected a file and pressed the delete key.我选定了一份文件,然后按下了删除键。Adj. 精选的e.g. a select group of French cheeses一组精选的的法国奶酪。第一流的; 只为富人、上层人士而设的e.g. Christian Lacroix is throwing a very lavish and very select party.克里斯琴·拉克鲁瓦正在举行一个上层人士参加的非常豪华的聚会。三、派生词adj.selective 选择性的selected 挑选出来的adv. selectively 有选择地n.selection 选择,挑选;选集;精选品selector 选择器;挑选者3. suit n./v.一、变形:suits, suited, suited, suiting,二、词义:适合 (某人)e.g. They will only release information if it suits them.他们只会发布合他们意的消息。合 (某人) 心意e.g. I don't think a sedentary life would altogether suit me.我认为久坐不动的生活方式完全不适合我。相配;合身e.g. Blue suits you. You should wear it more often.你适合穿蓝色,你该多穿蓝色衣服。三、常用词组suit oneself 随自己的意愿做事e.g. I longed for a new life stage, found to suit oneself and is worth for it offering all units of work.我渴望一个新生活舞台,找到一个适合自己并值得为其奉献一切的工作单位。四、派生词adj.suitable 适当的;相配的suited 合适的adv. suitably 适当地;相配地;适宜地n.suitability 适合;适当;相配suitor 求婚者;请愿者;[法] 起诉人5. astonish v.一、变形:astonishes, astonished, astonished, astonishing,二、词义:使十分惊讶e.g. It astonishes me (that) he could be so thoughtless.我真没有料到他会如此轻率。三、辨析astonish, surprise, amaze都可作及物动词,意思相近,一般都是以事物作主语,人称作宾语。astonish:表示“使大吃一惊”,“几乎使人无法相信”之意。surprise:只表“出乎意料之外”。amaze 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源列表 2025年高考英语一轮复习之高考高频动词(新高考通用)(原卷版).docx 2025年高考英语一轮复习之高考高频动词(新高考通用)(解析版).docx