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话题27　科技发展与信息技术创新　
Ⅰ.阅读理解
In the past，video conference technology was mainly used for just a few elements of business meetings or hangouts with friends and family.Now，video conference tools are essential for our productivity，learning and social interaction.We use them not only for fun，but mainly as a meaningful part of our work.
However，once we start to join endless video calls for a few hours each day，we become very tired.This term is called “zoom fatigue”，and it’s related to overusing virtual communication platforms.
There are some advantages of using video conferencing tools.Without them，it might be impossible for us to work from home.But what we haven’t expected is a price that we need to pay for that sort of convenience.
When we are having a face－to－face conversation with others，everything seems pretty natural.While speaking，you look into the eyes，sometimes slightly moving your stare onto something else.You know when to stop talking and when to speak up.Even if you’re in a conference room with 10 people，you don’t have a terrible feeling of being observed all the time.You notice that people mostly look at the person who is speaking，and then they move their attention onto someone else.But when you use a teleconferencing tool，things are different.Being physically on camera makes you very aware of being watched all the time，because you don’t know who is looking at you.You just see many faces on your screen.
Marissa Shuffler from Clemson University once said，“When you’re on a video conference，you know everybody’s looking at you；you are on stage，so there comes the social pressure—a feeling like you need to perform.Being performative is stressful.”
Moreover，there is another interesting tendency as far as video calls are concerned.Who are you looking at most of the time？The answer is yourself.For most people，it’s hard not to look at their own face if they can see it on the screen.We are likely to make sure that our head is at the right angle and that our shirt isn’t creased.
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章主要讲述了视频会议技术给我们带来了便利，但与此同时也带给我们一些意料之外的负面影响。
1.What is the so－called “zoom fatigue”？
A.The fast pace of our modern life.
B.Boredom caused by too many video calls.
C.The wide spread of video technology.
D.Burnout associated with overusing online platforms.
答案　D　[细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“This term is called ‘zoom fatigue’，and it’s related to overusing virtual communication platforms.”可知，“zoom fatigue”是指过度使用在线平台而引起的疲劳。]
2.What can video calls bring us when compared with face－to－face conversations
A.Higher cost. B.More stress.
C.More free time. D.Better performance.
答案　B　[推理判断题。结合第四段对面对面交谈的阐述及其与视频通话的对比和第五段中的“you are on stage...Being performative is stressful.”可推知，视频通话会给人带来更大的压力。]
3.Why do we look at ourselves most of the time on the screen
A.To be well－behaved. B.To get some comfort.
C.To grow self－confidence. D.To attract others’ attention.
答案　A　[推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，人们在屏幕上关注自己是想确认自己表现良好，呈现出最佳的状态。]
4.What is the text mainly about
A.The popularity of video calls.
B.People’s attitude towards video calls.
C.Some unforeseen effects of video calls.
D.Changes in people’s way of communication.
答案　C　[文章大意题。根据第三段最后一句并结合后文内容可知，本文主要讲述视频通话技术在给人们带来便捷的同时，也带来了一些始料不及的负面影响。]
You improve your robot’s software by improving its software.Agrim Gupta of Stanford University，however，begs to differ.He thinks you can also improve a robot’s software by improving its hardware.He and his colleagues have invented a way of testing this idea.
They brought to their robots，unimals，the principles of evolution (进化) by natural selection.Unimals，with globes for heads and sticks for arms and legs，are software beings interacting with a virtual environment.The environments where they wandered were in three varieties：flat grounds，grounds with hills and steps，and ones that had the complexities of the second sort，but with added objects.
To begin with，the unimals were randomly assigned various shapes，but with identical software—derl.Newly created unimals learned to face the challenges in a virtual bootcamp.They were then entered into tournaments in groups.Each group winner was awarded one mutation (变异)—one extra arm or leg，or one extra turning in a joint.The new replaced the oldest unimal and then was assigned to a new group，and the process repeated.About 4，000 varieties of them underwent training.
The team were surprised by the diversity of shapes that evolved.Crucially，though，the researchers found the most successful unimals learned tasks in half the time their oldest ancestors had taken，and that those evolving in the toughest grounds were the most successful.
In this evolution of unimals’ morphology (形态) to promote the ability to learn，Dr Gupta sees a version of something called the Baldwin effect.In 1896 James Baldwin，a psychologist，argued that minds evolve to make the best use of the morphologies of the bodies.What Dr Gupta has shown，though in software，is that the opposite can also be true—changes in body morphology can improve the way minds work.Even though he held the software constant，it became more efficient at learning as the unimals’ bodies evolved.
Whether that discovery can be turned to account in the way robots are developed remains to be seen.But the way of testing is certainly an out－of－the－box idea.
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章主要讲了人们通过改进机器人的软件来改进它的软设备。然而，斯坦福大学的阿格里姆·古普塔却不这么认为。他认为还可以通过改进硬件来改进机器人的软件。
5.How was the test conducted
A.By promoting unimals’ learning. B.By adjusting the environments.
C.By proving the evolution theory. D.By stimulating unimals’ mutation.
答案　B　[推理判断题。根据第二段可知，通过调整环境，来进行试验。]
6.What turned out to be surprising in the test
A.The number of trained unimals.
B.The decline in time for learning tasks.
C.The variety of evolved shapes.
D.The replacement of old unimals.
答案　C　[细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“The team were surprised by the diversity of shapes that evolved.”可知，测试中令人惊讶的是进化出的各种形状。]
7.What can be concluded from the test
A.Mind evolution affects body shaping.
B.Body changes better mind work.
C.Hardware changes do not impact software.
D.The discovery is useful in robot development.
答案　B　[推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“What Dr Gupta has shown...can improve the way minds work.”可推知，身体的变化使大脑工作得更好。]
8.What’s the author’s attitude to the finding
A.Negative. B.Objective.
C.Indifferent. D.Approving.
答案　B　[观点态度题。根据最后一段可推知，作者对这一发现持客观的态度。]
Ⅱ.完形填空
Hello，Mr.Wi－Fi.Life without you is next to impossible.We’re happy to sing your name from morning till evening，sometimes till dawn. 1 I know you help me，sometimes you’re making me do things with 2 attention.Many times I promise myself that I’ll 3 my feelings towards you，but you’re 4 me closer and closer...You’ve entered both my home and my workplace.You’re just a window for our 5 and information.But we people aren’t 6 only with the window.So we open all our doors for you.Is this a(n) 7 or some kind of attachment？If this is an illness，is it curable？And if this is an attachment，will you 8 me the lifelong togetherness
We want you all days.Can’t you take a few days off so that both you and I can 9 ？You’re a poison—not a slow one but a super－fast poison which holds our mind and makes us dance 10 your tune.Nowadays you’re so 11 that anyone can buy and make you become our companion.You’ll never be bothered about our health but we’ll 12 be concerned about your“health”.Because you accompany us everywhere and never let us be alone.
If you were a 13 person made of flesh and blood，would we love you the same？You control us with your numerous talents and we even can’t get rid of you.We all are your 14 .Sometimes I wonder how people in the previous generations 15 ，but if they did，why can’t we
【语篇解读】　本文是记叙文。文章以拟人手法描述了Wi－Fi无处不在，它在给人们带来帮助的同时，也分散了人们的注意力。人们对它欲罢不能，又爱又恨。
1.A.Now that B.Only if
C.Though D.When
答案　C　[根据语境并结合常识可推知，此处表示尽管作者知道Wi－Fi帮助了自己，但是有时候它分散了作者的注意力。]
2.A.praised B.increased
C.focused D.divided
答案　D　[参见上题解析。]
3.A.keep on B.bring back
C.approve D.give up
答案　D　[keep on继续进行；bring back带回；使恢复；approve同意；赞成；give up放弃。根据下文的“but you’re me closer and closer...”可推知，很多次作者想戒网，但最终却事与愿违。]
4.A.drawing B.pushing
C.forcing D.observing
答案　A　[draw吸引；push推；force强迫；observe遵守；观察。根据空后的“closer and closer...You’ve entered both my home and my workplace”可推知，Wi－Fi离作者越来越近了，它进入了作者的家和工作场所。]
5.A.entertainment B.argument
C.expansion D.struggle
答案　A　[entertainment娱乐；argument争论；expansion扩张，扩大；struggle斗争；奋斗。根据空后的“and information”并结合选项和常识可推知，此处表示Wi－Fi只是一个娱乐和信息的窗口。]
6.A.strict B.satisfied
C.generous D.busy
答案　B　[strict严格的；satisfied满意的；generous慷慨大方的；busy繁忙的。根据下文的“So we open all our doors for you”可推知，人们对Wi－Fi的窗口作用并不满足，于是为Wi－Fi打开了所有的门。]
7.A.disease B.inspiration
C.routine D.situation
答案　A　[inspiration灵感；妙计；routine日常工作；惯例。根据下文的“If this is an illness”可推知，作者疑惑这种行为是否是一种病。]
8.A.recommend B.instruct
C.promise D.adapt
答案　C　[recommend推荐；instruct指示；指导；promise答应；允诺；adapt适应；改编。根据语境并结合选项可推知，此处表示如果这是一种依恋，Wi－Fi是否会“承诺”和作者一辈子在一起。]
9.A.persist B.relax
C.progress D.balance
答案　B　[persist坚持；持续；relax放松；progress进行，进展；balance平衡。根据上文“We want you all days.Can’t you take a few days off”可推知，作者觉得和Wi－Fi联系太紧密了，因此想让Wi－Fi离开几天，彼此都放松一下。]
10.A.to B.against
C.from D.within
答案　A　[dance to sb’s tune是固定搭配，意为“听从某人的指挥，唯命是从，言听计从”。]
11.A.affordable B.valuable
C.conventional D.attractive
答案　A　[affordable付得起的；valuable值钱的；有价值的；conventional传统的。根据空后的“anyone can buy”可推知，现如今任何人都负担得起Wi－Fi。]
12.A.sometimes B.always
C.never D.seldom
答案　B　[but与句中的never形成对比，Wi－Fi从来不担心我们的健康，但我们将一直担心Wi－Fi的“健康”。]
13.A.selfish B.dishonest
C.responsible D.real
答案　D　[selfish自私的；dishonest不诚实的；responsible负责的；real真实的。根据空后的“made of flesh and blood”可推知，此处表示假如Wi－Fi是一个有血有肉的真人的话，我们是否会同样地喜欢它。]
14.A.friends B.slaves
C.colleagues D.employers
答案　B　[根据空前一句“You control us with your numerous talents and we even can’t get rid of you.”并结合选项可推知，Wi－Fi控制了我们，因此我们都是Wi－Fi的奴隶。]
15.A.suffered B.connected
C.survived D.surfed
答案　C　[suffer受难；connect连接；survive幸存；surf冲浪。根据上文的“we even can’t get rid of you”可知，我们无法摆脱Wi－Fi，因此作者很困惑以前的人没有Wi－Fi是如何活下来的。]
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2024·江西省南昌市高三一模)
A small device，Moxie，has produced oxygen on the surface of Mars，1. (bring) the chances of surviving on the red planet a step closer.Research published in 2. journal Science Advances reported that Moxie produced breathable oxygen in seven－hour－long tests conducted in various weather and atmospheric(大气的) conditions last year.The research also found that even in extreme 3. (temperature) and after a Martian dust storm，Moxie 4. (continue) to produce high－purity oxygen.
“This is the first demonstration of actually using resources on the surface of Mars and transforming 5. (they) chemically into something useful for a human mission，” Jeffrey Hoffman，a 6. (retire) astronaut，said.
“The thin atmosphere on Mars is 96 percent carbon dioxide and much more 7. (change) than on Earth and the temperature can vary by 100 degrees，” Hoffman said.“One aim is to show we can run Moxie in all seasons.”
The device，Moxie，uses some special pumps，8. suck in carbon dioxide.The gas 9. (heat) to 800 ℃ and pressed to separate the carbon and oxygen.Carbon monoxide is sent out as waste while the pure oxygen is left behind.
Despite the challenges，Moxie has proved durable in the extreme conditions on Mars and scientists regard the test results 10. a great achievement.
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章介绍了一种名为Moxie的小型装置是如何在火星的极端温度下产生氧气的。科学家们认为这是一项伟大的成就。
1.bringing　[考查非谓语动词。句意：一种名为Moxie的小型设备在火星表面产生了氧气，使人类在这颗红色星球上生存的机会又近了一步。根据句意和所给动词bring分析句子可知，空格处应该填入bring的非谓语形式作状语，因为动词bring和前面的句子是逻辑上的主谓关系，所以应该用现在分词bringing作状语。故填bringing。]
2.the　[考查冠词。句意：发表在《科学进展》杂志上的研究报告称，去年在各种天气和大气条件下进行的长达7小时的测试中，Moxie产生了可呼吸的氧气。根据下文的Science Advances可知，此处应该用定冠词the特指Science Advances这一杂志。故填the。]
3.temperatures　[考查名词的数。句意：研究还发现，即使在极端温度和火星沙尘暴之后，Moxie也能继续产生高纯度的氧气。根据句意和所给可数名词temperature可知，极端温度不会是一种温度，所以此处应该用temperature的复数形式temperatures。故填temperatures。]
4.continued　[考查时态。根据所给动词continue分析句子可知，空格处是that引导的宾语从句的谓语部分，由主句的时态是一般过去时可知，that引导的宾语从句的时态也应该是一般过去时。故填continued。]
5.them　[考查代词。根据所给代词they以及空格前的动词transforming分析句子可知，空格处应该填入代词they的宾格形式them，作动词transforming的宾语。故填them。]
6.retired　[考查词性转换。根据所给动词retire以及空格后的名词astronaut分析句子可知，空格处应该填入retire的形容词形式retired作定语，修饰后面的astronaut。故填retired。]
7.changeable　[考查词性转换。根据所给动词change以及句中的is分析句子可知，空格处应该填入change的形容词形式changeable作表语。故填changeable。]
8.which　[考查定语从句。空格后的部分是一个非限制性定语从句，对先行词pumps进行限定说明，该定语从句缺少主语，所以空格处应该填入一个关系代词代替先行词pumps在从句中作主语，应该用which。故填which。]
9.is heated　[考查时态语态和主谓一致。根据所给动词heat并分析句子可知，空格处是该句子的谓语部分，由上下文的句子是一般现在时可知，该句子应该用一般现在时；主语The gas和动词heat之间是被动关系，所以应该用被动语态；主语The gas是单数，所以谓语动词应该用单数形式。故填is heated。]
10.as　[考查介词。根据句中的动词regard以及空格后的a great achievement可知，空格处应该填入介词as和动词regard搭配：regard...as...(把……认作……)。故填as。]话题27　科技发展与信息技术创新
Ⅰ.阅读理解
In the past，video conference technology was mainly used for just a few elements of business meetings or hangouts with friends and family.Now，video conference tools are essential for our productivity，learning and social interaction.We use them not only for fun，but mainly as a meaningful part of our work.
However，once we start to join endless video calls for a few hours each day，we become very tired.This term is called “zoom fatigue”，and it’s related to overusing virtual communication platforms.
There are some advantages of using video conferencing tools.Without them，it might be impossible for us to work from home.But what we haven’t expected is a price that we need to pay for that sort of convenience.
When we are having a face－to－face conversation with others，everything seems pretty natural.While speaking，you look into the eyes，sometimes slightly moving your stare onto something else.You know when to stop talking and when to speak up.Even if you’re in a conference room with 10 people，you don’t have a terrible feeling of being observed all the time.You notice that people mostly look at the person who is speaking，and then they move their attention onto someone else.But when you use a teleconferencing tool，things are different.Being physically on camera makes you very aware of being watched all the time，because you don’t know who is looking at you.You just see many faces on your screen.
Marissa Shuffler from Clemson University once said，“When you’re on a video conference，you know everybody’s looking at you；you are on stage，so there comes the social pressure—a feeling like you need to perform.Being performative is stressful.”
Moreover，there is another interesting tendency as far as video calls are concerned.Who are you looking at most of the time？The answer is yourself.For most people，it’s hard not to look at their own face if they can see it on the screen.We are likely to make sure that our head is at the right angle and that our shirt isn’t creased.
1.What is the so－called “zoom fatigue”？
A.The fast pace of our modern life.
B.Boredom caused by too many video calls.
C.The wide spread of video technology.
D.Burnout associated with overusing online platforms.
2.What can video calls bring us when compared with face－to－face conversations
A.Higher cost.
B.More stress.
C.More free time.
D.Better performance.
3.Why do we look at ourselves most of the time on the screen
A.To be well－behaved.
B.To get some comfort.
C.To grow self－confidence.
D.To attract others’ attention.
4.What is the text mainly about
A.The popularity of video calls.
B.People’s attitude towards video calls.
C.Some unforeseen effects of video calls.
D.Changes in people’s way of communication.
You improve your robot’s software by improving its software.Agrim Gupta of Stanford University，however，begs to differ.He thinks you can also improve a robot’s software by improving its hardware.He and his colleagues have invented a way of testing this idea.
They brought to their robots，unimals，the principles of evolution (进化) by natural selection.Unimals，with globes for heads and sticks for arms and legs，are software beings interacting with a virtual environment.The environments where they wandered were in three varieties：flat grounds，grounds with hills and steps，and ones that had the complexities of the second sort，but with added objects.
To begin with，the unimals were randomly assigned various shapes，but with identical software—derl.Newly created unimals learned to face the challenges in a virtual bootcamp.They were then entered into tournaments in groups.Each group winner was awarded one mutation (变异)—one extra arm or leg，or one extra turning in a joint.The new replaced the oldest unimal and then was assigned to a new group，and the process repeated.About 4，000 varieties of them underwent training.
The team were surprised by the diversity of shapes that evolved.Crucially，though，the researchers found the most successful unimals learned tasks in half the time their oldest ancestors had taken，and that those evolving in the toughest grounds were the most successful.
In this evolution of unimals’ morphology (形态) to promote the ability to learn，Dr Gupta sees a version of something called the Baldwin effect.In 1896 James Baldwin，a psychologist，argued that minds evolve to make the best use of the morphologies of the bodies.What Dr Gupta has shown，though in software，is that the opposite can also be true—changes in body morphology can improve the way minds work.Even though he held the software constant，it became more efficient at learning as the unimals’ bodies evolved.
Whether that discovery can be turned to account in the way robots are developed remains to be seen.But the way of testing is certainly an out－of－the－box idea.
5.How was the test conducted
A.By promoting unimals’ learning.
B.By adjusting the environments.
C.By proving the evolution theory.
D.By stimulating unimals’ mutation.
6.What turned out to be surprising in the test
A.The number of trained unimals.
B.The decline in time for learning tasks.
C.The variety of evolved shapes.
D.The replacement of old unimals.
7.What can be concluded from the test
A.Mind evolution affects body shaping.
B.Body changes better mind work.
C.Hardware changes do not impact software.
D.The discovery is useful in robot development.
8.What’s the author’s attitude to the finding
A.Negative. B.Objective.
C.Indifferent. D.Approving.
Ⅱ.完形填空
Hello，Mr.Wi－Fi.Life without you is next to impossible.We’re happy to sing your name from morning till evening，sometimes till dawn.__1__ I know you help me，sometimes you’re making me do things with __2__ attention.Many times I promise myself that I’ll __3__ my feelings towards you，but you’re __4__ me closer and closer...You’ve entered both my home and my workplace.You’re just a window for our __5__ and information.But we people aren’t __6__ only with the window.So we
open all our doors for you.Is this a(n) __7__ or some kind of attachment？If this is an illness，is it curable？And if this is an attachment，will you __8__ me the lifelong togetherness
We want you all days.Can’t you take a few days off so that both you and I can __9__？You’re a poison—not a slow one but a super－fast poison which holds our mind and makes us dance __10__ your tune.Nowadays you’re so __11__ that anyone can buy and make you become our companion.You’ll never be bothered about our health but we’ll __12__ be concerned about your“health”.Because you accompany us everywhere and never let us be alone.
If you were a __13__ person made of flesh and blood，would we love you the same？You control us with your numerous talents and we even can’t get rid of you.We all are your __14__.Sometimes I wonder how people in the previous generations __15__，but if they did，why can’t we
1.A.Now that B.Only if
C.Though D.When
2.A.praised B.increased
C.focused D.divided
3.A.keep on B.bring back
C.approve D.give up
4.A.drawing B.pushing
C.forcing D.observing
5.A.entertainment B.argument
C.expansion D.struggle
6.A.strict B.satisfied
C.generous D.busy
7.A.disease B.inspiration
C.routine D.situation
8.A.recommend B.instruct
C.promise D.adapt
9.A.persist B.relax
C.progress D.balance
10.A.to B.against
C.from D.within
11.A.affordable B.valuable
C.conventional D.attractive
12.A.sometimes B.always
C.never D.seldom
13.A.selfish B.dishonest
C.responsible D.real
14.A.friends B.slaves
C.colleagues D.employers
15.A.suffered B.connected
C.survived D.surfed
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2024·江西省南昌市高三一模)
A small device，Moxie，has produced oxygen on the surface of Mars，1.____________(bring) the chances of surviving on the red planet a step closer.Research published in 2.____________journal Science Advances reported that Moxie produced breathable oxygen in seven－hour－long tests conducted in various weather and atmospheric(大气的) conditions last year.The research also found that even in extreme 3.____________(temperature) and after a Martian dust storm，Moxie 4.____________(continue) to produce high－purity oxygen.
“This is the first demonstration of actually using resources on the surface of Mars and transforming 5.____________ (they) chemically into something useful for a human mission，” Jeffrey Hoffman，a 6.____________(retire) astronaut，said.
“The thin atmosphere on Mars is 96 percent carbon dioxide and much more 7.____________(change) than on Earth and the temperature can vary by 100 degrees，” Hoffman said.“One aim is to show we can run Moxie in all seasons.”
The device，Moxie，uses some special pumps，8.____________suck in carbon dioxide.The gas 9.____________(heat) to 800 ℃ and pressed to separate the carbon and oxygen.Carbon monoxide is sent out as waste while the pure oxygen is left behind.
Despite the challenges，Moxie has proved durable in the extreme conditions on Mars and scientists regard the test results 10.____________a great achievement.(共35张PPT)
话题27　科技发展与信息技术创新
主题群四 科学与技术
Ⅰ.阅读理解
In the past，video conference technology was mainly used for just a few elements of business meetings or hangouts with friends and family.Now，video conference tools are essential for our productivity，learning and social interaction.We use them not only for fun，but mainly as a meaningful part of our work.
However，once we start to join endless video calls for a few hours each day，we become very tired.This term is called “zoom fatigue”，and it’s related to overusing virtual communication platforms.
There are some advantages of using video conferencing tools.Without them，it might be impossible for us to work from home.But what we haven’t expected is a price that we need to pay for that sort of convenience.
When we are having a face－to－face conversation with others，everything seems pretty natural.While speaking，you look into the eyes，sometimes slightly moving your stare onto something else.You know when to stop talking and when to speak up.Even if you’re in a conference room with 10 people，you don’t have a terrible feeling of being observed all the time.You notice that people mostly look at the person who is speaking，and then they move their attention onto someone else.But when you use a teleconferencing tool，things are different.Being physically on camera makes you very aware of being watched all the time，because you don’t know who is looking at you.You just see many faces on your screen.
Marissa Shuffler from Clemson University once said，“When you’re on a video conference，you know everybody’s looking at you；you are on stage，so there comes the social pressure—a feeling like you need to perform.Being performative is stressful.”
Moreover，there is another interesting tendency as far as video calls are concerned.Who are you looking at most of the time？The answer is yourself.For most people，it’s hard not to look at their own face if they can see it on the screen.We are likely to make sure that our head is at the right angle and that our shirt isn’t creased.
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章主要讲述了视频会议技术给我们带来了便利，但与此同时也带给我们一些意料之外的负面影响。
1.What is the so－called “zoom fatigue”？
A.The fast pace of our modern life.
B.Boredom caused by too many video calls.
C.The wide spread of video technology.
D.Burnout associated with overusing online platforms.
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“This term is called ‘zoom fatigue’，and it’s related to overusing virtual communication platforms.”可知，“zoom fatigue”是指过度使用在线平台而引起的疲劳。
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2.What can video calls bring us when compared with face－to－face conversations
A.Higher cost. B.More stress.
C.More free time. D.Better performance.
解析 推理判断题。结合第四段对面对面交谈的阐述及其与视频通话的对比和第五段中的“you are on stage...Being performative is stressful.”可推知，视频通话会给人带来更大的压力。
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3.Why do we look at ourselves most of the time on the screen
A.To be well－behaved.
B.To get some comfort.
C.To grow self－confidence.
D.To attract others’ attention.
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，人们在屏幕上关注自己是想确认自己表现良好，呈现出最佳的状态。
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4.What is the text mainly about
A.The popularity of video calls.
B.People’s attitude towards video calls.
C.Some unforeseen effects of video calls.
D.Changes in people’s way of communication.
解析 文章大意题。根据第三段最后一句并结合后文内容可知，本文主要讲述视频通话技术在给人们带来便捷的同时，也带来了一些始料不及的负面影响。
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You improve your robot’s software by improving its software.Agrim Gupta of Stanford University，however，begs to differ.He thinks you can also improve a robot’s software by improving its hardware.He and his colleagues have invented a way of testing this idea.
They brought to their robots，unimals，the principles of evolution (进化) by natural selection.Unimals，with globes for heads and sticks for arms and legs，are software beings interacting with a virtual environment.The environments where they wandered were in three varieties：flat grounds，grounds with hills and steps，and ones that had the complexities of the second sort，but with added objects.
To begin with，the unimals were randomly assigned various shapes，but with identical software—derl.Newly created unimals learned to face the challenges in a virtual bootcamp.They were then entered into tournaments in groups.Each group winner was awarded one mutation (变异)—one extra arm or leg，or one extra turning in a joint.The new replaced the oldest unimal and then was assigned to a new group，and the process repeated.About 4，000 varieties of them underwent training.
The team were surprised by the diversity of shapes that evolved.Crucially，though，the researchers found the most successful unimals learned tasks in half the time their oldest ancestors had taken，and that those evolving in the toughest grounds were the most successful.
In this evolution of unimals’ morphology (形态) to promote the ability to learn，Dr Gupta sees a version of something called the Baldwin effect.In 1896 James Baldwin，a psychologist，argued that minds evolve to make the best use of the morphologies of the bodies.What Dr Gupta has shown，though in software，is that the opposite can also be true—changes in body morphology can improve the way minds work.Even though he held the software constant，it became more efficient at learning as the unimals’ bodies evolved.
Whether that discovery can be turned to account in the way robots are developed remains to be seen.But the way of testing is certainly an out－of－the－box idea.
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章主要讲了人们通过改进机器人的软件来改进它的软设备。然而，斯坦福大学的阿格里姆·古普塔却不这么认为。他认为还可以通过改进硬件来改进机器人的软件。
5.How was the test conducted
A.By promoting unimals’ learning.
B.By adjusting the environments.
C.By proving the evolution theory.
D.By stimulating unimals’ mutation.
解析 推理判断题。根据第二段可知，通过调整环境，来进行试验。
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6.What turned out to be surprising in the test
A.The number of trained unimals.
B.The decline in time for learning tasks.
C.The variety of evolved shapes.
D.The replacement of old unimals.
解析 细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“The team were surprised by the diversity of shapes that evolved.”可知，测试中令人惊讶的是进化出的各种形状。
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7.What can be concluded from the test
A.Mind evolution affects body shaping.
B.Body changes better mind work.
C.Hardware changes do not impact software.
D.The discovery is useful in robot development.
解析 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“What Dr Gupta has shown...can improve the way minds work.”可推知，身体的变化使大脑工作得更好。
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8.What’s the author’s attitude to the finding
A.Negative. B.Objective.
C.Indifferent. D.Approving.
解析 观点态度题。根据最后一段可推知，作者对这一发现持客观的态度。
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Hello，Mr.Wi－Fi.Life without you is next to impossible.We’re happy to sing your name from morning till evening，sometimes till dawn. 1 I know you help me，sometimes you’re making me do things with 2 attention.Many times I promise myself that I’ll 3 my feelings towards you，but you’re 4 me closer and closer...You’ve entered both my home and my workplace.You’re just a window for our 5 and information.But we people aren’t 6 only with the window.So we open all our doors for you.Is this a(n) 7 or some kind of attachment？If this is an illness，is it curable？And if this is an attachment，will you 8 me the lifelong togetherness
Ⅱ.完形填空
We want you all days.Can’t you take a few days off so that both you and I can 9 ？You’re a poison—not a slow one but a super－fast poison which holds our mind and makes us dance 10 your tune.Nowadays you’re so 11 that anyone can buy and make you become our companion.You’ll never be bothered about our health but we’ll 12 be concerned about your“health”.Because you accompany us everywhere and never let us be alone.
If you were a 13 person made of flesh and blood，would we love you the same？You control us with your numerous talents and we even can’t get rid of you.We all are your 14 .Sometimes I wonder how people in the previous generations 15 ，but if they did，why can’t we
【语篇解读】　本文是记叙文。文章以拟人手法描述了Wi－Fi无处不在，它在给人们带来帮助的同时，也分散了人们的注意力。人们对它欲罢不能，又爱又恨。
1.A.Now that B.Only if C.Though D.When
解析 根据语境并结合常识可推知，此处表示尽管作者知道Wi－Fi帮助了自己,但是有时候它分散了作者的注意力。
2.A.praised B.increased C.focused D.divided
解析 参见上题解析。
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3.A.keep on B.bring back C.approve D.give up
解析 keep on继续进行；bring back带回；使恢复；approve同意；赞成；give up放弃。根据下文的“but you’re me closer and closer...”可推知，很多次作者想戒网，但最终却事与愿违。
4.A.drawing B.pushing C.forcing D.observing
解析 draw吸引；push推；force强迫；observe遵守；观察。根据空后的“closer and closer...You’ve entered both my home and my workplace”可推知，Wi－Fi离作者越来越近了，它进入了作者的家和工作场所。
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5.A.entertainment B.argument C.expansion D.struggle
解析 entertainment娱乐；argument争论；expansion扩张，扩大；struggle斗争；奋斗。根据空后的“and information”并结合选项和常识可推知，此处表示Wi－Fi只是一个娱乐和信息的窗口。
6.A.strict B.satisfied C.generous D.busy
解析 strict严格的；satisfied满意的；generous慷慨大方的；busy繁忙的。根据下文的“So we open all our doors for you”可推知，人们对Wi－Fi的窗口作用并不满足，于是为Wi－Fi打开了所有的门。
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7.A.disease B.inspiration C.routine D.situation
解析 inspiration灵感；妙计；routine日常工作；惯例。根据下文的“If this is an illness”可推知，作者疑惑这种行为是否是一种病。
8.A.recommend B.instruct C.promise D.adapt
解析 recommend推荐；instruct指示;指导;promise答应；允诺；adapt适应；改编。根据语境并结合选项可推知，此处表示如果这是一种依恋，Wi－Fi是否会“承诺”和作者一辈子在一起。
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9.A.persist B.relax C.progress D.balance
解析 persist坚持；持续；relax放松；progress进行，进展；balance平衡。根据上文“We want you all days.Can’t you take a few days off”可推知，作者觉得和Wi－Fi联系太紧密了，因此想让Wi－Fi离开几天，彼此都放松一下。
10.A.to B.against C.from D.within
解析 dance to sb’s tune是固定搭配，意为“听从某人的指挥，唯命是从，言听计从”。
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11.A.affordable B.valuable C.conventional D.attractive
解析 affordable付得起的；valuable值钱的;有价值的；conventional传统的。根据空后的“anyone can buy”可推知，现如今任何人都负担得起Wi－Fi。
12.A.sometimes B.always C.never D.seldom
解析 but与句中的never形成对比，Wi－Fi从来不担心我们的健康，但我们将一直担心Wi－Fi的“健康”。
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13.A.selfish B.dishonest C.responsible D.real
解析 selfish自私的；dishonest不诚实的；responsible负责的；real真实的。根据空后的“made of flesh and blood”可推知，此处表示假如Wi－Fi是一个有血有肉的真人的话，我们是否会同样地喜欢它。
14.A.friends B.slaves C.colleagues D.employers
解析 根据空前一句“You control us with your numerous talents and we even can’t get rid of you.”并结合选项可推知，Wi－Fi控制了我们，因此我们都是Wi－Fi的奴隶。
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15.A.suffered B.connected
C.survived D.surfed
解析 suffer受难；connect连接；survive幸存；surf冲浪。根据上文的“we even can’t get rid of you”可知，我们无法摆脱Wi－Fi，因此作者很困惑以前的人没有Wi－Fi是如何活下来的。
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(2024·江西省南昌市高三一模)
A small device，Moxie，has produced oxygen on the surface of Mars，1. (bring) the chances of surviving on the red planet a step closer.Research published in 2. journal Science Advances reported that Moxie produced breathable oxygen in seven－hour－long tests conducted in various weather and atmospheric(大气的) conditions last year.The research also found that even in extreme 3. (temperature) and after a Martian dust storm，Moxie 4. (continue) to produce high－purity oxygen.
Ⅲ.语法填空
“This is the first demonstration of actually using resources on the surface of Mars and transforming 5. (they) chemically into something useful for a human mission，” Jeffrey Hoffman，a 6. (retire) astronaut，said.
“The thin atmosphere on Mars is 96 percent carbon dioxide and much more 7. (change) than on Earth and the temperature can vary by 100 degrees，” Hoffman said.“One aim is to show we can run Moxie in all seasons.”
The device，Moxie，uses some special pumps，8. suck in carbon dioxide.The gas 9. (heat) to 800 ℃ and pressed to separate the carbon and oxygen.Carbon monoxide is sent out as waste while the pure oxygen is left behind.
Despite the challenges，Moxie has proved durable in the extreme conditions on Mars and scientists regard the test results 10. a great achievement.
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章介绍了一种名为Moxie的小型装置是如何在火星的极端温度下产生氧气的。科学家们认为这是一项伟大的成就。
1.bringing [考查非谓语动词。句意：一种名为Moxie的小型设备在火星表面产生了氧气，使人类在这颗红色星球上生存的机会又近了一步。根据句意和所给动词bring分析句子可知，空格处应该填入bring的非谓语形式作状语，因为动词bring和前面的句子是逻辑上的主谓关系，所以应该用现在分词bringing作状语。故填bringing。]
2.the [考查冠词。句意：发表在《科学进展》杂志上的研究报告称，去年在各种天气和大气条件下进行的长达7小时的测试中，Moxie产生了可呼吸的氧气。根据下文的Science Advances可知，此处应该用定冠词the特指Science Advances这一杂志。故填the。]
3.temperatures [考查名词的数。句意：研究还发现，即使在极端温度和火星沙尘暴之后，Moxie也能继续产生高纯度的氧气。根据句意和所给可数名词temperature可知，极端温度不会是一种温度，所以此处应该用temperature的复数形式temperatures。故填temperatures。]
4.continued [考查时态。根据所给动词continue分析句子可知，空格处是that引导的宾语从句的谓语部分，由主句的时态是一般过去时可知，that引导的宾语从句的时态也应该是一般过去时。故填continued。]
5.them [考查代词。根据所给代词they以及空格前的动词transforming分析句子可知，空格处应该填入代词they的宾格形式them，作动词transforming的宾语。故填them。]
6.retired [考查词性转换。根据所给动词retire以及空格后的名词astronaut分析句子可知，空格处应该填入retire的形容词形式retired作定语，修饰后面的astronaut。故填retired。]
7.changeable [考查词性转换。根据所给动词change以及句中的is分析句子可知，空格处应该填入change的形容词形式changeable作表语。故填changeable。]
8.which [考查定语从句。空格后的部分是一个非限制性定语从句，对先行词pumps进行限定说明，该定语从句缺少主语，所以空格处应该填入一个关系代词代替先行词pumps在从句中作主语，应该用which。故填which。]
9.is heated [考查时态语态和主谓一致。根据所给动词heat并分析句子可知，空格处是该句子的谓语部分，由上下文的句子是一般现在时可知，该句子应该用一般现在时；主语The gas和动词heat之间是被动关系，所以应该用被动语态；主语The gas是单数，所以谓语动词应该用单数形式。故填is heated。]
10.as [考查介词。根据句中的动词regard以及空格后的a great achievement可知，空格处应该填入介词as和动词regard搭配：regard...as...(把……认作……)。故填as。]
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