资源简介

Unit1 The mass media
一、 重点单词
(一) 英汉对记(35)
1. trap vt. 使落入险境；卡住，绊住
n. 陷阱，罗网；圈套；困境，牢笼(2)
2. release vt. 发布；释放；松开；发泄
n. 释放；发行；排放，泄漏(2)
3. ambulance n. 救护车(2)
4. dozen n. 许多；(一)打；十来个(2)
5. scream vi.& vt. 尖叫；高声喊；发出大而尖的声音
n. 尖叫，尖锐刺耳的声音(2)
6. bark vi. (狗)吠叫
vt. 厉声发令
n. (狗)吠声；短促响亮的人声；树皮(2)
7. choke vt.& vi. (使)窒息；(使)哽咽，(尤指感情激动而)说不出话来(2)
8. cigarette n. 香烟(2)
9. carpet n. 地毯；覆盖地面的一层厚东西(2)
10. automatic adj. 自动的；无意识的，不假思索的(2)
11. false adj. 错误的，不真实的；非天生的；假的，伪造的；不真诚的(3)
12. minimum n. 最小值，最少量
adj. 最低的，最小的(3)
13. maximum n. 最大量，最大限度
adj. 最高的，最多的(3)
14. citizen n. 公民；市民，居民(6)
15. accuse vt. 谴责，控诉(6)
16. tax n. 税，税款
vt. 对……征税，使纳税(6)
17. mount vi. 逐步增加
vt. 攀登，爬上
n. 山(6)
18. elevation n. 提高；提升；海拔(6)
19. drama n. 戏剧；戏剧性事件(7)
20. category n. 类别，种类(7)
21. nevertheless adv. 尽管如此(7)
22. witness vt.& vi. 是发生……的时间(或地点)，见证；目击；作证；是……的迹象
　　　 n. 目击者，见证人；证人(8)
23. interaction n. 互动；互相作用(8)
24. chart n. 图表；海图；(the charts)排行榜
vt. 记录；制订计划；绘制区域地图(8)
25. channel n. 途径，渠道；电视台；频道；方法；水渠(11)
26. peak adj. 高峰时期的，最高度的
n. 顶峰，高峰；山峰；尖端
vi. 达到高峰，达到最高值(11)
27. boost vt. 使增长，使兴旺
n. 增长，提高；帮助，激励(11)
28. purchase vt. 买，购买
n. 购买，采购；购买的东西，购买项目(11)
29. slogan n. 标语，口号(11)
30. brand n. 品牌；类型；烙印(12)
31. ambassador n. 大使，代表(12)
32. sponsor vt. 赞助；主办；为慈善活动捐款；资助
n. 赞助商；为慈善活动捐款的人(12)
33. discount n. 折扣
vt. 打折出售(12)
34. tailor vt. 专门制作，定做
n. 裁缝(12)
35. estate n. 住宅区；(通常指农村的)大片私有土地；个人财产，(尤指)遗产(13)
(二) 派生倍记(33)
1. critical adj. 批评的，批判性的；关键的；危急的(2)→critic n. 批评家；评论家；评论员；批评者；挑剔的人
2. extend vi.& vt. 延伸(距离)；扩大；延长；伸展(2)→extension n. 延伸；增加的房间；扩建部分；延期；延长期；进修课；扩展名；电话分机线
3. construction n. 建筑，建造；建造物(2)→construct vt. 建筑；组成；绘制n. 构想；结构体；建造物
4. minor adj. 轻微的，次要的(2)→minority n. 少数；少数民族；未成年
5. bath n. 洗澡，洗浴；浴缸，浴盆(2)→bathe vt. & vi. 用水清洗(尤指身体部位)；(到海、河等中)游泳消遣；使沐浴(在光线里) n. (在海、河等中的)游泳
6. investigate vt.& vi. 侦查，调查；研究(2)→investigation n. (正式的)调查，侦查；学术研究
7. journalist n. 新闻记者，新闻工作者(3)→journal n. 日记；日志；杂志→journalism n. 新闻业；新闻工作
8. priority n. 优先事项，首要事情；优先权，重点(3)→prior adj. 优先的；占先的；在前的 n. 院长；会长
9. contradict vt. 相矛盾，相反；反驳，驳斥(3)→contradictory adj. 对立的；不一致的
10. factual adj. 事实的，真实的(3)→fact n. 现实；(可证实的)事实，真相；真实的事物
11. instance n. 例子，事例(3)→instant n. 瞬间；某一时刻adj. 立即的；速溶的；即食的
12. differ vi. 相异；意见相左(3)→different adj. 有区别的；分别的；各种的；与众不同→difference n. 差别；差额；意见分歧
13. conclusion n. 结论，推论；结束，结果；签订，达成(3)→conclude vt. & vi. 推断出；得出结论；(使)结束；缔结(协定)
14. sum n. 金额，款项；总和，总数；全部(3)→summary n. 概要；总结 adj. 概括的；概要的；即决的
15. accurate adj. 正确无误的；精确的(3)→accuracy n. 精确(程度)；准确(性)
mitted adj. 尽心尽力的(3)→commitment n. 献身，投入；承诺，许诺；花费(5)→commit vt. 犯(罪)；承诺，保证；花(钱或时间) vi. 全心全意投入，忠于
17. discrimination n. 辨别力，识别力；歧视，区别对待(3)→discriminate vt. & vi. 区分；辨别；歧视；偏袒
18. curiosity n. 好奇心，求知欲；奇物，珍品(5)→curious adj. 求知欲强的；好奇的；稀奇古怪
19. found vt. 创建，创办；建立，兴建(6)→foundation n. 基础；创办；基金会；粉底霜
20. politics n. 政治，政治事务；(个人的)政治观点，政见(6)→political adj. 政治的；政党的；关心政治的；争权夺利的→politician n. 政治家；政客；投机钻营者
21. profession n. 行业，职业；同行；宣称，声明(6)→professional adj. 专业的；职业的；非业余的　n. 专业人士；专家
22. scholarship n. 奖学金；学术(7)→scholar n. 学者；奖学金获得者
23. edition n. 版本；一份，一期；版次(8)→edit vt. & vi. 剪辑；编辑；主编(报纸、杂志等)→editor n. (报纸、杂志的)主编，编辑；记者；剪辑员；编者；编辑程序
24. membership n. (统称)会员，会员人数；会员资格(8)→member n. 成员；分子；会员；身体部位(尤指胳膊或腿)
25. advertising n. 广告活动，广告业(11)→advertisement n. (informal ad)广告，启事；广告活动，广告宣传(11)→advertise vt. & vi. 做广告，登广告；公布，征聘；展现，宣传(11)
26. persuasion n. 说服，劝说；信仰(11)→persuade vt. 说服；使信服(11)→
persuasive adj. 有说服力的；令人信服的
27. psychology n. 心理，心理特征；心理学(11)→psychological adj. 心理的；精神上的；心理学的
28. memorable adj. 难忘的，值得纪念的(11)→memory n. 记忆力；回忆；存储器→memorize vt. 记忆；记住
29. placement n. 放置；安置(12)→place vt. & vi. (小心或有意)放置；安顿；以某种态度对待(或看待)；认出；下指示；请求；排名次 n. 位置；地点；地方
30. rating n. 收视率；等级，级别(12)→rate vt. & vi. 评估；评价；看好；划分等级；配得上 n. 速度；进度；比率；价格；费用；房产税
31. absorb vt. 理解，掌握；吸收；吸引全部注意力(12)→absorption n. 吸收；并入；同化；专心致志；着迷
32. housing n. 住房，住宅(13)→house vt. 给(某人)提供住处；收藏；安置 n. 房屋；全家人；(从事某种生意的)公司；议院
33. amuse vt. (提供)消遣；逗笑(13)→amusement n. 可笑；愉悦；消遣活动
(三) 合成并记(3)
1. platform n. 计算机平台；站台，月台；讲台，舞台(8)
2. broadcast n. 广播节目，电视节目
vi.& vt. (broadcast, broadcast)播送，广播；散布，传播(8)
3. teapot n. 茶壶(11)
(四) 短语强记(11)
1. dozens of 很多，许多(2)
2. come about 发生(3)
3. for instance 例如，比如(3)
4. bring sth to light 揭露，披露(3)
5. sum up 总结，概括(3)
6. be committed to 致力于(3)
7. mount up (尺寸和数量上)增加，上升(6)
8. spring up 迅速出现，突然兴起(8)
9. get across 被传达，被理解，把……讲清楚(12)
10. brighten up (使)增添乐趣；使更艳丽(13)
11. housing estate 住宅区，住宅群(13)
(五) 重点例释(18)
1. critical adj. 批评的，批判性的；关键的；危急的
(1) criticism n. 批评；评论
(2) criticize vt. & vi. 批评；评论；指责
(3) critic n. 批评家；评论家；评论员；批评者；挑剔的人
Critical thinkers have the courage to challenge conventional thinking.
批判性思维的人有勇气去挑战传统的思维方式。
You can't be too careful to make a decision at such a critical point.
在这样紧要的关头，你做决定时再小心也不为过。
Criticism and self criticism is necessary in that it helps us to correct mistakes.
批评与自我批评是必要的，因为它帮助我们纠正错误。
Would you like to read and criticize my new book
你愿不愿意读一读我的新书并给予评论？
He became a fierce critic of the tobacco industry.
他成了烟草业的强烈反对者。
2. trap n. 陷阱，罗网；圈套；困境，牢笼
vt. 使落入险境；卡住，绊住
(1) set/lay a trap for设下圈套
(2) be caught in a trap＝fall into a trap落入陷阱
(3) be trapped in 被困在……
(4) trap sb into doing 诱骗某人做……
The police set a trap to catch the thief.
警察设了陷阱来抓捕小偷。
To break out of the poverty trap they need help from the government.
为了摆脱贫困的处境，他们需要政府的帮助。
How many rabbits have you trapped in your special trap this week
这周你用你这特别的捕兔器捕获了多少只兔子？
He was trapped in a no win situation.
他陷入必败的处境。
Some miners were trapped underground after the collapse.
塌方后，有些矿工被困在地下。
They trapped her into marrying him.
他们诱骗她嫁给他。
3. release vt. 发布；释放；松开；发泄
n. 释放；发行；排放，泄漏
The seas store heat and release it gradually during cold periods.
海洋储存热量，并在寒冷季节里慢慢地把它释放出来。
They will only release information if it suits them.
他们只会发布对他们有利的信息。
The winners will get a chance to release their own single.
获胜者将有机会发行自己的单曲唱片。
The promotion of a big release can inflate a film's final cost.
一部大片的发行宣传会抬高影片的最终成本。
4. extend vi. & vt. 延伸(距离)；扩大；延长；伸展
(1) extend a fence/road/house 扩建护栏/公路/房子
(2) extend a deadline/visa 延长最后期限/签证
(3) extend the life 延长寿命
(4) extend the range 拓宽范围
(5) extend the hand 伸出手
(6) extend a very warm welcome 表示热烈的欢迎
(7) extend credit 提供信贷
(8) extend an invitation to sb 向某人发出邀请
(9) extension n. 延伸；增加的房间；扩建部分；延期；进修课；电话分机线
This year they have introduced three new products to extend their range.
今年他们发布了3种新产品，以扩大产品范围。
Can we ask the boss to have the deadline extended
我们能请求老板延长截止期限吗？
Try to extend to each person all your kindness and understanding and the world will be a better place to live in.
努力把你的善良和理解传递给每个人，世界将会成为一个更适合居住的地方。
He will appeal to the state for an extension of unemployment benefits.
他将呼吁国家延长领取失业救济金的时限。
Could I have extension 828, please
请接828号分机。
5. investigate vt. & vi. 侦查，调查；研究
investigation n. (正式的)调查，侦查；学术研究
A UN official is said to visit our province next month to investigate the problem of housing and education.
据说，一名联合国官员下个月将访问我省，调查住房和教育问题。
The two officers are being investigated.
两名官员正在接受审查。
Mr Mathew, fully convinced of his son's innocence, began to seek new evidence which would persuade the police to reopen their investigation.
马修先生完全相信儿子的清白，他开始寻找新的证据来说服警方重新展开此案件的调查。
We are making a thorough investigation.
我们正在进行彻底调查。
6. priority n. 优先事项，首要事情；优先权，重点
(1) give priority to 优先考虑
(2) take/have priority over 优先于；比……重要
(3) first/top/main priority头等大事
(4) prior adj. 在前的；占先的；优先的
(5) be prior to 在……以前；先于；优先于
(6) prioritize vt. & vi. 按重要性排列；划分优先顺序；优先处理
Small residential areas have become a priority with the Ministry of Construction.
建设居民小区是建设部要优先解决的问题。
Being a mother is her first priority.
做好一位母亲是她的头等大事。
The proposals deserve support as they give priority to the needs of children.
这些提议值得拥护，因为它们优先考虑了儿童的需求。
All the arrangements should be completed prior to your departure.
在你出发之前，应该做好所有的安排。
You should make a list of all the jobs you have to do and prioritize them.
你应该把所有必须做的事都列出来，并按轻重缓急排个序。
7. contradict vt. 相矛盾，相反；反驳，驳斥
(1) contradiction n. 矛盾
(2) contradictory adj. 相互矛盾的；对立的；不一致的
He contradicts everything I say.
我说什么他都反驳。
People are often at a loss when frequently seeing smog level predictions contradict each other in different official forecasts.
当人们经常看到不同的官方预报在雾霾水平预测上互相矛盾时，他们经常不知所措。
Upon entering a “new era”， what we now face is the contradiction between unbalanced and inadequate development and the people's ever growing needs for a better life.
进入“新时代”，我们现在面临的是不平衡不充分的发展与人民日益增长的美好生活需要之间的矛盾。
The two newspapers have offered contradictory views as to the same issue, which means they take different stands.
这两家报纸对于同一个问题发表了对立的观点，这说明他们采取了不同的立场。
8. differ vi. 相异；意见相左
(1) differ from 与……不同
(2) differ in 在……方面不同
(3) difference n. 差别；差异；意见分歧
(4) make a(no) difference 有(没有)差别；有(没有)影响；起(不起)重要作用
(5) different adj. 不同的；有差异的
(6) be different from 与……不同
Tastes differ.
众口难调。
The other two areas which British English and American English differ in are spelling and pronunciation.
英式英语和美式英语的另外两个不同之处是拼写和发音。
I'm sorry to differ from you about/on/over this question.
对不起，关于这个问题我与你的看法不同。
The problem simply resulted from a difference of opinion.
这个问题仅仅是由于意见分歧引起的。
As a father, you must believe that you make a difference to the lives of your children.
作为一位父亲，你必须相信你会对你孩子的生活产生很大影响。
The English spoken in the US is only slightly different from that in the UK.
美国人说的英语和英国人说的英语只有稍许不同。
9. conclusion n. 结论，推论；结束，结果；签订，达成
(1) come to/reach/draw/lead to the conclusion 得出结论
(2) in conclusion 总之，最后
(3) conclude vt. & vi. 断定；得出结论；(使)结束；缔结(协定)
(4) to conclude 总之；最后
I've come to the conclusion that he's not the right person for the job.
我断定他不适合这项工作。
It took the jury some time to reach the conclusion that she was guilty.
陪审团花了一段时间才得出她有罪的结论。
In conclusion, I'd like to say that I believe him.I'm convinced of his honesty.
最后我想说，我相信他。我对他的诚实深信不疑。
The story concludes with the hero's death.
故事以主人公的死亡而告终。
He concluded by giving us some advice.
他结束时给我们提了些建议。
Bending down, he inspected the footprints that hadn't been blown away in the wind, concluding that they belonged to a wolf.
他弯下腰来，检查了那些没有被风吹走的脚印，最后断定它们是一只狼的。
I've talked a lot about walking. To conclude, I want to say it is a cheap, safe and enjoyable form of exercise.
我谈论了许多关于散步的事。总之，我想说的是这是一种便宜、安全且舒适的锻炼方式。
10. bring sth to light 揭露，披露
(1) throw/cast/shed light on 使(问题等)较容易理解
(2) in the light of 考虑到；鉴于
(3) light n. 光；光线；光亮；电灯
vt. & vi. 点火，点燃；照亮；(使……)出现喜色
adj. 轻的；浅色的；明亮的
These facts have only just been brought to light.
这些事实刚刚才被披露出来。
Recent research has thrown new light on the causes of the disease.
最近的研究让人们进一步了解了这种疾病产生的原因。
In the light of these changes, we must revise our plan.
鉴于这些变化，我们必须重新修订我们的计划。
The sun gives light and heat.
太阳发出光和热。
A red light is often used as a danger signal.
红灯常被用作危险的信号。
A smile lit up her face.
她微微一笑，脸上露出了喜色。
Oil is lighter than water.
油比水轻。
Blue and white make light blue.
蓝色和白色合在一起就成了浅蓝色。
A lighted candle was on the table. It lit up the small room.
桌上有一支点燃的蜡烛。它照亮了小房间。
11. accurate adj. 精确的；正确无误的
He has been convinced that the print media are more accurate and more reliable than television.
他一直深信印刷媒体比电视更准确、更可靠。
You need to check the accuracy of the relevant information.
您需要检查相关信息的准确性。
12. be committed to 致力于
(1) commit vt. 犯(罪)；承诺，保证；花(钱或时间) vi. 全心全意投入，忠于
(2) commit oneself on 对……表态(承诺或表明意见)
(3) commit oneself to 承诺；致力于
(4) commitment n. 献身，投入；承诺，许诺；花费
(5) make a commitment 做出承诺
This development area is committed to creating a perfect investment environment.
这个开发区致力于创建一个完美的投资环境。
This is a man who has committed murder.
这是一个犯了谋杀罪的男人。
He didn't want to commit himself on that matter.
他不想在那件事上表态。
Sorry, I've committed myself to working for Jim.
对不起，我已承诺为吉姆做事。
He made a commitment to contribute $50，000 to the Red Cross.
他承诺向红十字会捐款50 000美元。
Chances are you split up last time because you didn't really want to make a commitment.
上次你们分手的很大原因可能是你不想做出承诺。
13. curiosity n. 好奇心，求知欲；奇物，珍品
(1) out of curiosity 出于好奇
(2) curious adj. 好奇的；稀奇古怪；奇特
(3) be curious about 对……好奇
There was much curiosity about what manner of man he was.
他究竟是什么样的人，大家都十分好奇。
The letter wasn't addressed to him but he opened it out of curiosity.
这封信不是写给他的，然而他却出于好奇把它拆开了。
He is suffering from a curious disease.
他患了一种怪病。
It is natural that children are curious about the world around them.
孩子们对周围的世界好奇是很自然的。
14. accuse vt. 控诉，谴责
(1) accuse sb of sth＝charge sb with sth 指控某人某事
(2) accusation n. 谴责；控告
As long as you do what you can, no one will accuse you even if you fail in the future.
只要你尽力而为，即使将来失败也没有人会指责你。
The two men were accused of/charged with receiving stolen property, which would probably result in imprisonment.
那两个男人被指控收受赃物，其行为可能会导致他们坐牢。
Her assistant was accused of theft and fraud by the police.
她的助手被警方指控犯有盗窃和欺诈罪。
He glared at me with an air of accusation.
他瞪着我，一脸责备的样子。
What do you say to the accusation that you are unfriendly and unhelpful
别人指责你不友善、不乐于助人，对此你有什么回应？
15. witness n. 见证人，目击者；证人
vt. & vi. 是发生……的时间(或地点)，见证；目击；作证；是……的迹象
He was a witness to the accident.
他是那次事故的目击者。
Police have appealed for witnesses to the accident.
警方呼吁这起事故的目击者出来作证。
She was shocked by the violent scenes she had witnessed.
她被目睹的暴虐场面惊呆了。
Recent years have witnessed a growing social mobility.
近年来人们的社会流动性越来越大。
The retail trade is witnessing a sharp fall in sales.
零售业的销售额在急剧下降。
Ask a friend to witness your signature.
请一位朋友给你的签名作证。
16. spring up 迅速出现；突然兴起
spring n. 春天；春季；泉；弹簧；弹力；活力；发条
New theatres and arts centres sprang up all over the country.
新的剧院和艺术中心突然在全国各地涌现出来。
New houses spring up like mushrooms.
新房屋像雨后春笋般涌现出来。
If winter comes, can spring be far behind
冬天来了，春天还会远吗？
To the north are the hot springs.
北边是温泉。
There's little spring in this sofa.
这张沙发几乎没什么弹性。
Don't bounce on the bed, or you'll break the springs!
别在床上乱蹦，不然你会把弹簧弄断的！
There is something wrong with my watch spring.
我手表的发条有点问题。
17. persuasion n. 劝说，说服；信仰
(1) persuade vt. 说服；使信服
(2) persuade sb to do sth/persuade sb into doing sth 说服某人做某事
(3) persuasive adj. 有说服力的；令人信服的
He gave in to my persuasion.
他听从了我的劝说。
It is a national movement and has people of all political persuasions within it.
这是一场全国性运动，参加者的政治信仰各不相同。
I persuaded him to stop drinking.
我说服了他戒酒。
How can we persuade him to join/into joining us
我们怎样才能说服他参加我们的活动呢？
The woman tried to persuade her husband to give up smoking but she failed.
那个妇女尽力劝说她的丈夫戒烟，但是没有成功。
I find neither argument persuasive.
我认为这两个论点都不具说服力。
18. absorb vt. 吸收；理解，掌握；吸引全部注意力
(1) be/become absorbed in … 全神贯注于……
(2) absorption n. 吸收；全神贯注；专心致志；并入
Dry sand absorbs water.
干沙吸水。
I have no time to absorb what he said.
我没有时间弄懂他所说的话。
Absorbed in the magazine, you can absorb the latest information.
专注于这本杂志，你就可以获得最新的信息。
They all became absorbed in technical innovations.
他们都一心一意地搞技术革新。
Exercise can promote absorption of nutrients by the body.
运动可以促进身体吸收营养。
The absorption of several small firms made this group even stronger.
合并了几家小公司后，这个集团更加强大。
二、 短语扩充
(一) 英汉对记(100)
1. the mass media(P1) 大众传媒
2. the shapers of society 社会的塑造者
3. over time 随着时间的推移
4. rely on 依靠，依赖
5. encourage sb to do sth 鼓励某人做某事
6. a critical news reader 批评性新闻读者
7. the tower block 塔楼
8. people on the upper floors 楼上的人
9. emergency services 紧急服务
10. fire engines 消防车
11. by this time 到这个时候
12. get the situation under control 把局势控制住
13. the construction company 建筑公司
14. follow fire safety rules 遵守消防安全规则
15. cause serious damage 造成严重损失
16. break out 爆发；突发
17. in a critical condition 在危急的情况下
18. suffer minor injuries 受轻伤
19. be about to 即将；刚要
20. head of the fire service 消防局局长
21. a dropped cigarette end 一个丢弃的烟头
22. the automatic fire alarms 火灾自动报警器
23. news reports(P3) 新闻报道
24. take … as an example 以……为例
25. in a more comprehensive way 以更全面的方式
26. from basically the same perspective 从基本相同的角度
27. contradict each other 互相矛盾
28. rush to the conclusion 匆忙下结论
29. at different stages of an event 在事件的不同阶段
30. something in between 介于两者之间的东西
31. enable sb to do sth 使某人能做某事
32. draw an informed conclusion 得出有根据的结论
33. bring sb a more accurate understanding of sth 使某人对某事有更准确的了解
34. be critical about 对……持批评态度
35. present the truth 呈现真相
36. with great discrimination 有很好的辨别能力
37. a couple of things(P5) 几件事
38. be skilled at 精通；熟练于
39. (be) involved in 卷入，涉及；参与
40. give an account of 叙述
41. have a natural curiosity about … 对……有天生的好奇心
42. draw public attention to 引起公众注意
43. go back to the actual facts 回到事实上来
44. in a factual and formal way 以实际和正式的方式
45. speak on one's/the mobile phone 打电话
46. a big killer 一大杀手
47. in the 1860s(P6) 在19世纪60年代
48. accuse sb of sth 控告某人某事
49. pay taxes 交税
50. shoot up 上升；蹿个儿
51. the bestselling newspaper 最畅销的报纸
52. advocate the training of journalists at university level 提倡在大学阶段培养新闻工作者
53. regard … as … 认为……是……，把……当作……
54. of unequaled importance 具有无与伦比的重要性
55. advances in technology(P7) 技术进步
56. be known for … 以……闻名
57. a chief editor 主编
58. Life Weekly 《生活周刊》
59. in the mid 1990s(P8) 20世纪90年代中期
60. personal computers 个人电脑
61. increased Internet access 增加的互联网接入
62. at the same time 同时；然而
63. make a hit 火起来
64. instant updates of news events 新闻事件的即时更新
65. post one's own comments 发表自己的意见
66. enter the smartphone era 进入智能手机时代
67. hundreds of thousands of 几十万
68. official news media accounts 官方新闻媒体账号
69. be unlikely to 不太可能
70. view … as …(P9) 认为……是……
71. the current situation(P10) 现状，现在的情况
72. have more advantages over … 比……更有优势
73. enjoy great popularity 人气很高
74. an increasing number of people 越来越多的人
75. in short(P11) 简言之
76. refer to 指的是；参考；提到
77. promote a product or service 推销产品或服务
78. in other words 换句话说
79. persuade sb to do sth 劝服某人做某事
80. be closely linked with … 与……紧密相连
81. hand in hand 手牵手，一起
82. grow in number and type 在数量和类型上增长
83. at peak times 在高峰期
84. launch a mass media advertising campaign 开展大众媒体广告宣传活动
85. persuade sb into doing sth 说服某人做某事
86. appeal to 对……有吸引力；呼吁
87. a variety of 各种各样的
88. boost sales(P12) 促进销售
89. be tailored to specific needs 根据特别需要量身定做
90. make a difference(P13) 产生作用；有所作为
91. at a local nursing home 在当地的疗养院
92. (be) located on 坐落在，位于
93. go online on the computer 用电脑上网
94. enjoy each other's company 享受彼此的陪伴
95. the programme organizer 节目/项目组织者
96. get along easily 容易相处
97. turn out 结果是
98. the exact opposite 恰恰相反
99. China Daily 《中国日报》
100. China's bestselling English language newspaper 中国最畅销的英文报纸
(二) 同词类记
● come(8)
1. come at 扑向(某人)；(用某方法)考虑，思考
2. come back 回来；记起；反驳
3. come by 设法得到；收到；(为看望某人)作短暂拜访
4. come down 坍塌；着陆；落下；跌价
5. come over 过来；突然感到
6. come to a stop 停下来
7. come up 破土而出；升起；发生；被提及；来到
8. come up to 等于，比得上；走近
● get(8)
1. get hold of 抓住；把握
2. get home 到家
3. get in 进入；当选；被录取；设法做(或说)；插话
4. get into 开始从事某职业；开始熟悉
5. get in crops 收割庄稼
6. get in touch with 与……取得联系
7. get married 结婚
8. get to know 了解；认识
三、 精选句型
1. All of us who professionally use the mass media are the shapers of society.(P1)
2. Fears grew that the number of deaths could reach 5, according to figures released by emergency services.(P2)
3. Firefighters got the situation under control around 11 p．m.(P2)
4. The fire has also left dozens of people injured, 5 of whom are in a critical condition.(P2)
5. Even if news reports are written from basically the same perspective, they may contradict each other in terms of factual details, as events in the real world are usually complicated and constantly changing.(P3)
6. News reports written at different stages of an event could contain different information as new facts are brought to light.(P3)
7. His paper published articles about politics and social issues, accusing government officials of dishonesty and wealthy people of not paying their taxes.(P6)
8. In the mid 1990s, due to the popularity of personal computers and increased Internet access, some newspapers began to publish their own digital editions on the Internet.(P8)
9. The history of advertising has always been closely linked with that of the mass media.(P11)
10. In the future, advertising will be even more about understanding individual customers and sending them advertisements that are tailored to specific needs.(P12)
四、 语法指南
过去完成时(Past perfect tense)
过去完成时表示过去某一时间前就已经发生或完成了的动作，对过去的某一点造成的某种影响或结果，用来指在另一个过去行动之前就已经完成了的事件。在英语时态中，“时”指动作发生的时间，“态”指动作的样子和状态。 过去完成时表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”，侧重事情的结果。
(一) 过去完成时的构成
肯定句：had＋动词的过去分词
否定句：had＋not＋动词的过去分词
一般疑问句：had＋主语＋动词的过去分词
特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组＋had＋主语＋动词的过去分词
被动语态：had (not)＋been＋动词的过去分词
(二) 过去完成时的基本用法
1. 表示在过去某一时刻前完成了的动作，也可以说过去的时间关于过去的动作，即“过去的过去”。可以用by、before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示，也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示，还可以通过上下文来表示。
By nine o'clock last night, we had got 200 pictures from the spaceship.
到昨晚9点钟，我们已经收到200张飞船发来的图片。
We had learnt over two thousand English words by the end of last term.
到上学期期末我们已经学了两千多个英语单词。
2. 表示由过去的某一时刻开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态，常和for、since构成的时间状语连用。
I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came.
当车来的时候，我已在车站等了20分钟。
He said he had worked in that factory since 2000.
他说自从2000年以来他就在那家工厂工作。
3. 叙述过去发生的事情，在已叙述了过去发生的事情后，反过来追述或补述以前发生的动作时，常使用过去完成时。
Mr Smith died yesterday. He had been a good friend of mine.
史密斯先生昨天去世了。他以前是我的好友。
I didn't know a thing about the verbs, for I had not studied my lesson.
我对动词一无所知，因为我没有好好学习功课。
4. 在含有定语从句的主从复合句中，如果叙述过去的事，先发生的动作常用过去完成时。
I returned the book that I had borrowed.
我已归还了我借的书。
She found the key that she had lost.
她丢失的钥匙找到了。
5. 过去完成时常常用在told、said、knew、heard、thought等动词后的宾语从句(或间接引语)中，这时从句中的动作发生在主句中表示过去的动作之前。
He said that he had known her well.
他说他很熟悉她。
I thought I had sent the letter a week before.
我以为我一星期前就把信寄出去了。
6. 状语从句：在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在前，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。 如：when、before、after、as soon as、till/until引导的复合句。
When I woke up, it had already stopped raining.我醒来时雨已停了。
She didn't go to bed until she had finished her work.
她直到把工作做完之后才睡觉。
注意：如果两个动作紧接着发生，则常常不用过去完成时，特别是在包含before和after的复合句中，因为从句的动作和主句的动作发生的先后顺序已经非常明确，可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时。
After he arrived in England, Marx worked hard to improve his English.
马克思到达英格兰之后，努力提高他的英语水平。
7. 动词think、want、hope、mean、plan、intend等用过去完成时来表示过去未曾实现的想法、希望、打算或意图等。
They had wanted to help but could not get there in time.
他们本来打算去帮忙，但没能及时赶到那里。
We had hoped to be able to come and see you.
我们本来希望能来看看你。
8. 过去完成时还可用在hardly … when …、no sooner … than …、it was the first(second, etc.) time (that) … 等固定句型中。
Hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted him.
他刚开始演讲，听众就打断了他。
No sooner had he arrived than he went away again.
他刚到就又走了。
It was the third time that he had been out of work that year.
这是他那一年第三次失业了。
【辨析】
(一) 与现在完成时的区别
现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去，以现在的时间为基点，侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响；过去完成时则是一个相对的时态，以过去时间为基点，它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去，更强调“过去的过去”，只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时，才用到它。
I have learnt 1，000 English words so far.
到目前为止，我已经学会了1 000个英语单词。
I had learnt 1，000 English words till then.
到那时为止，我已经学会了1 000个英语单词。
(二) 与一般过去时的区别
1. 时间状语不同：过去完成时在时间上强调“过去的过去”；而一般过去时只强调过去某一特定的时间。
They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday.
昨晚十点以前他们已经到达车站。
They arrived at the station at ten yesterday.
他们在昨晚十点到达车站。
2. 过去完成时表示过去的过去，不单独使用，一般和一般过去式一起使用。
3. 当两个或两个以上接连发生的动作用and或but连接时，按时间顺序，只需用一般过去时来代替过去完成时；另外，在before、after、as soon as引导的从句中，由于这些连词本身已经表示出时间的先后，因此也可以用一般过去时来代替过去完成时。
He entered the room, turned on the light and read an evening paper.
他走进房间，打开灯阅读晚报。
五、 话题写作
(一) 佳句积累
1. The fire, which is thought to have started from the 8th floor, spread quickly through the tower block on Sunday night, leaving people on the upper floors trapped. (which引导非限制性定语从句；leaving为现在分词短语作结果状语)
2. I was about to have a bath when I heard people screaming and dogs barking.(be about to … when 意为“正要……突然……”)
3. It is advisable to remember that journalists may have different priorities，which would influence how they report an event. (it作形式主语，不定式结构作真正的主语；that引导宾语从句，作remember的宾语；which引导非限制性定语从句；how引导宾语从句，作influence的宾语)
4. When we come across such factual differences, we should not rush to the conclusion that one of the news reports gives false information. (when引导时间状语从句；that引导同位语从句)
5. To sum up, it is wise to read news reports written from various perspectives and at different stages, which brings us a more accurate understanding of a situation. (it作形式主语，不定式结构作真正的主语；which引导非限制性定语从句)
6. Though journalists are committed to presenting the truth, it is better to use our own judgement than rely entirely on news reports. (though引导让步状语从句；it作形式主语，不定式结构作真正的主语)
7. In other words, it tries to persuade people to buy a product or service. (in other words 意为“换句话说”)
8. In addition to making people aware of a product or service, a successful advertisement will also create a desire to buy, thus boosting business. (in addition to 意为“除了，除……之外”；thus doing表示结果)
9. The more we like the brand ambassador, the more we will be attracted to buy the product. (the more … the more … 意为“越……就越……”)
10. Not only will this make them feel more valued and enable them to see what they are most interested in, but it will also help companies target their customers more efficiently to have a positive effect on sales. (not only … but also …结构中，not only置于句首时，其后分句倒装，but后分句不倒装；make them后接feel … 作宾语补足语；enable them后接to see …作宾语补足语；help companies后接target … 作宾语补足语；to have a positive effect on sales为不定式短语，表示目的)
(二) 佳作欣赏
随着信息技术的飞快发展，QQ、微博、微信、抖音等媒体平台得以普遍使用和推广。请你写一篇英语短文，参加由你校英语社团组织的主题为“如何正确使用社交平台”的征文比赛。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式作答。
With the advancement of information technology, many media platforms, such as QQ and WeChat, _______________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
With_the_advancement_of_information_technology,_many_media_platforms,_such_as_QQ_and_WeChat,_are becoming increasingly popular in China. However, it's vital for us to use them wisely.
These platforms make it more convenient for users to shop, work, and entertain in cyberspace. But we may become addicted to them, wasting a great amount of time and energy. Therefore, media platforms are like a double edged sword.
In short, we need to take advantage of the media platforms but keep aware of their drawbacks and potential dangers when we enjoy their convenience and benefits.

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