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(共22张PPT)
不定式
观察下面例句，注意不定式所作成分。
1. In fact it is not difficult to master a foreign language.
2. Her wish is to catch up with her classmates in a month.
3.He was the first person to put forward the issue at the meeting.
4.To catch the first bus，he got up early.
5.They decided to build a highway between the two cities.
6. Father will not allow us to play on the street.
总结：动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，可以在句中充当____________
____________________________________________________.
主语、表语
定语、状语、补语、宾语、宾补
观察下面例句，注意不定式的时态和语态
1.I’m sorry to hear that.
2.I plan to attend the meeting to be held tomorrow.
3.The man pretended to be looking for something when we passed by.
4.I'm sorry to have kept you waiting.
5.You’d better tell the truth. Your mother seems to have been told what happened.
to do
to be done
to be doing
to have done
to have been done
【即时训练】
①I wish ____________________(love and respect)
我希望得到大家的爱戴和尊重。
②The city is said___________________________(develop) into a modern arts center.
据说这个城市已经发展成为了一个现代艺术中心。
③The novel is said___________________________(translate) into English.
据说这本小说已经被翻译成了英文。
④The boy pretended_________(do) his homework when his mother came back.
当妈妈回家时，男孩假装在写作业。
to be loved and respected
to have developed
to have been translated
to be doing
动词不定式的句法功能
1、不定式作主语
注意：动词不定式作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。若不定式结构比较复杂,往往用it作形式主语,真正的主语放在句子的后面。
e.g. To catch the 5: 00 bus early in the morning is not a good idea.
It is not a good idea to catch the 5: 00 bus early in the morning.
总结常用it作形式主语，不定式作真正主语的句型：
1)需要/花费某人…去做某事
______________________________________________________________
2)对某人来说做某事是…
__________________________________________________________________
此句型中常用的adj.有：natural, important, necessary, essential,vital, strange,difficult,impossible等。
3)某人做某事太…了
__________________________________________________________________
此句型中常用的adj.有：kind, sweet, considerate, warm-hearted, typical, mean,foolish,silly,wise等
4)该到某事做某事的时间了
______________________________________________________________
5)It is an honor/a priviledge/a pleasure/good manners/bad manners to do sth.
It takes/took sb. some time to do sth.
It be adj. for sb. to do sth.
It's time to do sth.
It be adj. of sb. to do sth.
【即时训练】完成句子
①他一向粗鲁且无礼。
__________________________________________________________
②被邀请来此作报告荣幸之至。
__________________________________________________________
③这需要我们付出极大的耐心和努力来完成这个任务。
__________________________________________________________
④遵守交通规则是极为重要的。
__________________________________________________________
It is rude and impolite of him to do everything.
It is my honour to be invited to deliver a speech.
It will take us great patience and efforts to finish the task.
It is vital for us to obey the trafficrule.
2、不定式作表语
置于be, become, sound, taste等系动词后面来说明主语的内容、性质、特征,其主语常常是wish, idea, task, purpose, duty, job等表示意向打算、计划的词。
e.g. His dream is to be a doctor.
My work is to clean the room every day.
注意：注意：如果系动词前有实义动词do时，省略to.
e.g. What I want to do now is go home.
【即时训练】完成句子
①我的目标是在一家开发电脑软件的公司里工作。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
②网络的目的之一就是让人们在家里就能得到海量的信息和数据。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
③下一步我要做的是卖掉这些家具。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
My aim is to work in a company that develops computer software.
One of the purposes of the Internet is to enable people to get a lot of
information and data.
The next step I want to do is to sell the furniture.
3、不定式作宾语
(1)下面口诀中动词后常跟不定式作宾语
决心学会选计划___________________________________________________________________
拒绝答应想假装___________________________________________________________________
主动设法愿希望___________________________________________________________________
同意请求帮一帮___________________________________________________________________
准备威胁易声称___________________________________________________________________
渴望申请败踌躇___________________________________________________________________
自愿提醒提要求___________________________________________________________________
e.g The driver failed to see the other car in time.
He can’t afford to buy the expensive car.
deceide/determine, learn, choose, plan
refuse, promise, want, pretend
offer, manage, desire, hope/wish
agree, ask, help
prepare, threaten, tend, claim
long, apply, fail, hesitate
volunteer, remind, require
(2)常用句型“主语+ think/ find/make/believe/consider/suppose/feel +it+adj./n.+ to do sth.”。其中, it为形式宾语,to do为真正的宾语。
e.g. He makes it a rule to help people in need.
I find it interesting to learn English with you.
(3)一些动词既可跟动名词又可跟不定式作宾语,但是两种情况下的语义不同
remember to do sth._________________________ remember doing sth._____________________________
forget to do sth.____________________________源 forget doing sth.________________________________
regret to do sth.____________________________ regret doing sth._________________________________
try to do sth.______________________________ try doing sth.___________________________________
mean to do sth.____________________________ mean doing sth._______________________________源:
stop to do sth._____________________________ stop doing sth.__________________________________
记得要做某事
记得做过某事
忘记要做某事
忘记做过某事
遗憾做某事
后悔做某事
尽力做某事
试图做某事
打算做某事
意味着...
停下来去做另一件事
停止做某事
【即时训练】
①他把帮助这些无家可归的人当成了他的责任。
___________________________________________________________.
②他发现很难适应独自生活在国外。
___________________________________________________________.
③如果她的要求得不到满足的话，该女子扬言要炸掉机场。
If her demands were not met,_____________________________________
④如果有人反驳他，他往往会发脾气。
___________________________________________________________
He feels it his duty to help the homeless.
He finds it difficult to adapt to living an independent life abroad.
the woman threatened to blow up the airpot.
If someone refuses him, he tends to lose his temper.
4、不定式作宾语补足语：
(1).在复合宾语中，动词不定式可充当宾语补足语，如下动词常跟这种复合宾语: want, wish, ask, tell, order, beg, permit, help, advise, persuade, allow, prepare, cause, force, call on, invite,urge,encourage等.
e.g. The children asked their parents to take them to the park.
I will persuade him to come with us.
(2)感官动词后，如 see, watch, look at, observe, notice, hear, listen to, feel及表示“使”、“让”的使役动词，如have, make, let 等跟不定式作宾补时要省略不定式符号to。但如果感官动词或使役动词用于被动语态时，to 要还原。
e.g. Though he had often made his sister cry, today he was made to cry by his sister.
I saw him cross the srteet and enter the bank.=He was seen to cross the sreet and enter the bank.
【即时训练】
①政府号召每一位市民节约用水。
_______________________________________________________
②我写信来是为了邀请你参加元宵节的庆祝活动。
_______________________________________________________
The government calls on every citizens to save every drop of water.
I'm writing to invite you to take part in the celebration of Latern Festival.
(1)动词不定式作定语时，通常放在它所修饰的名词或代词后面，与被修饰的词构成逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系。例如:
She was the first person to think of the idea. （person是动作think of的发出者，构成逻辑上的主谓关系）
I have a lot of things to do. (thing是动作do 的承受者，构成了逻辑上的动宾关系)
China was one of the first countries in the world to study the science of farming。(China是动作study的发出者，构成逻辑上的_____________关系)
Do you have anything to eat (anything 是动作eat的承受者，构成了逻辑上的_________关系)
①当你等的时候，带上一本书读。
When you are waiting, ____________________________________________________
②我不能和你一起去。我有这么多盘子要洗。
I can go with you, for______________________________________________________.
4、不定式作定语
主谓
动宾
you'd better bring a book to read.
there are too many dishes to wash.
2、如果不定式是不及物动词，要在它的后面加上一个结构上或意义上所需要的介词来表示动宾关系。
例如： I use a pen to write with. He has no house to live in.
练习：①他有三个弟弟要照顾。________________________________________________.
②她给她的女儿买了个洋娃娃来玩。
_______________________________________________________________________
注意如下句型：
I want to go to the concert, but I have a lot of clothes to wash.
(不定式动作的发出者是句子的主语,不定式主动形式表示被动含义)
I am going to the laundry. Do you have clothes to be washed
(不定式动作的发出者不是主语时，用不定式的被动形式)
e.g ：I am going to London. Do you have anything________________(take)to your parents
Do you have any questions ____________(ask)
He has 3 brothers to look after.
She buys her daughter a doll to play with.
to take
to ask
3、当名词被序数词或最高级,the last,the only修饰时，用不定式作后置定语。
e.g. He is the first one to think of the idea.
The last to leave should turn off the lights.
①你是参赛的最年轻的选手。
___________________________________________________________________________②她是第一个获得这个奖项的女性。
____________________________________________________________________________
4、way,chance,opportunity,ability,attempt,courage，decision等名词后常接动词不定式作后置定语
e.g. I doubted his ability to do the job.
Have you thought of the way to solve the trouble
①我想提高我的表达自己的能力。
____________________________________________________________________________
②忘记悲伤的最好方法是将自己投入到工作中去。
____________________________________________________________________________
You are the youngest player to participate in the competition.
She is the first woman to win the prize.
I want to improve my ability to express myself.
The best way to forget the sadness is to devote yourself to your work.
【即时训练】单句语法填空
①I was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train ___________(catch).
②A lack of concentration seriously affects their ability_______________(study) and thus their test results.
③Do you know who is the first person___________________(climb) the tallest mountain in the world
④That is the only way we can imagine__________________(reduce) the overuse of water in students’ bathrooms.
⑤He is not a man ____________(bow) before difficulties.
to catch
to study
to climb
to reduce
to know
不定式作状语
动词不定式作状语可表示目的、原因及结果等,其逻辑主语就是句子的主语,因此动词不定式作状语往往用主动式
(1)目的状语 常用结构为：to do, in order to do, so as to do(不能在句首)等。
I come here to say good-bye to you.
In order to catch the first bus, I got up early this morning.
注意：不定式做目的状语时，可以放在主干之前用逗号隔开，也可用于主干之后但不能用逗号隔开。
对比：
She stayed up late to make preparations for her speech. (_________状语)
She stayed up late, making preparations for her speech. （_________状语）
目的
伴随
(2)作结果状语，可以表示没有预料到的或事与愿违的结果，不定式通常和only连用，要放在句子后面。
I awoke only to find my truck gone.
He hurried to the station only to be told the ticket had been sold out.
注意：不定式和only连用，常表示出人意料的结果，ing形式表示自然而然产生的结果。
对比：
He lifted a rock only to drop it on his own feet.
The rainstorm poured for several days in a row, causing great damage to the area.
(3)作原因状语，不定式可跟在一些表示喜、怒、哀、乐等情感的形容词后，说明产生这种情绪的原因。
e.g. I’m sorry to hear you failed to pass the interview.
【即时训练】
1. How foolish he was! ______________(pay) off the debts, Tom sold his house so his family became homeless.
2. I paid a visit to Jason last night, only______________(tell) he had gone to Beijing on business.
3. You lose weight for a while, only ________(gain) back more weight when you stop your weight loss program.
4. The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice ________________(improve) water quality.
5. _____________(make) it easier to get in touch with us, you’d better keep this card at hand.
6. Many airlines now allow passengers tp print their boarding passes online _________(save) their valuable time.
7. She was annoyed ___________(find) that they speak ill of her behind her.
8. She hurried to the airport______________________________________________(却被告知飞机被延误了).
To pay
to be told
to gain
to improve
To make
to save
to find
only to be told that the flight had been put off.
一、 分析下列句子中划线部分的成分
1.It is essential to reserve a table in advance of Christmas Eve.
2.The most important thing for one’s health is to have plenty of exercise.
3.She failed to finish the assignment in time, and she was worried about it.
4.We found it impossible to get everything ready in time.
5.To learn a foreign language well, you must make painstaking efforts.
6.I rushed to the station as fast as I could, only to find the train already gone.
7.I'd never allow my children to behave like that.
8.I will have the students write a passage about Internet.
9.She is a very nice person to work with.
10.Mr. Zhang is always the first man to arrive at the office.
11. We must do everything we can to help them.

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