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中考重点语法考点
一、名词
1.不可数名词常考的有：advice, knowledge, air, water, news, information, weather, work, bread, chicken(鸡肉), room(空间)等。
2.单复数形式:
1) 名词复数的不规则变化：
man-men， woman-women， policeman-policemen ，foot-feet， tooth-teeth child-children，mouse-mice
2）单复数同形的：Japanese， Chinese，fish, sheep， deer（中国人、日本人喜欢鱼、羊、鹿）
3).组合名词变复数时，只改后面一个为复数(有man和woman 的除外)
five apple trees ，ten girl students，8 men teachers，20 women doctors
3.名词所有格：
1）Teachers’Day, Women’s Day, 8 days’ holiday = an 8-day holiday
2）双重所有格→用of+名词所有格
a friend of mine ， an old photo of my father’s
3)两人共同拥有的人/物，在最后一个人名后面+’s.后面名词为单数
Tom and mike’s mother
各自拥有的，各自后+’s，名词用复数，Tom’s and Jim’s mothers
二、代词
1.主格（I , you, he, she, it, we, you, they）作主语。
宾格（me, you, him, her,it, us, you, them）作宾语，用在动词或介词后面。
形容词性物主代词（my, your, his, her, its, our, your, their）后面接名词。
名词性物主代词（mine, yours, his, hers, its,ours,yours,theirs）不接名词。
反身代词(myself, yourself, himself, herself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves)常放句末强调本身。
2反身代词固定词组：1)teach oneself=learn sth by oneself 自学
2)enjoy oneself=have a good time玩得开心
3)help oneself (to……) 随便吃……
. 4)look after oneself = take care of oneself 照顾自己
5)say to oneself自言自语
3.打电话时问对方用that；介绍自己或别人时用this ; Who is that This is my brother.
4.it 指前面出现过的同一事物，one-表泛指，指前面提到那类人或物中的一个，代替可数名词单数，复数为ones.
that-指同一类别中的另一个，代替不可数名词
those-指代名词复数，指同一类别中的另一些，通常用于比较级的句子中
5．怎样表示“数量少”？
a little, little+不可数名词 little / few 表示否定，事实上是“没有”
a few, few +可数名词 a little /a few 表示肯定，事实上有“有一些，有几个”
6. 谁“是”谁“不是”？
either: 两者中有一个 例： Either of your parents is coming.
neither: 两者中一个都没有 例： Neither of the twins is free today.
both 两个都 （反义） neither 两个都不
All 全都（三个或以上） （反义） none （没有）
试看下面的例子：
Either is OK. 两个（中的任何一个）都可以。
Neither of them is right. 它们两个都是错误的。
Both/All of them are right. 它们（两个或三个以上）都是正确的。
None of them is/are right. 它们（两个或三个以上）没有一个是正确的。
7. “其它的”单词
another(+one/ 单数名词)： 不定数目中的另一
other + 名词：其余的
others 代词，其余的，用于句首或句末
the other + 名词：特指说话双方都知道的人或事
the others: 特指（一定范围内）其余的人或事
Would you give me another cake
Tom studies English, math and other subjects.
Some students are playing basketball now, others are watching.
I have two pens, one is green, the other is red.
Tom has ten stamps, some are from China, the others are from America.
8．不定代词的用法
一般地，any用于疑问句和否定句中；some用于肯定句中。但是，表示建议或希望得到肯定回答时，用some.
Would you like some tea (希望对方肯定回答，表诚意）
Would you like something to drink
注意不定代词的位置，不定代词有形容词修饰时，形容词放在后面：
something/anything/nothing important somewhere interesting
someone strange someone else
三、冠词
1.a / an 可译成“一(…..)”, the 可译成“这”“那”，或不译。
2．a 还是　an
an hour（一个小时） a useful book （一本有用的书）
an honest boy (一个诚实的孩子) a university student（一个大学生）
an honor （一份荣誉） a usual boy (一个普通的男孩)
an umbrella ( 一把雨伞) a European country （一个欧洲国家）
an interesting book (一本有趣的书） a one-year –old boy（一个一岁大的男孩）
an island (一个岛屿) an unusual experience
1）以“u”开头的单词，如果读u /ju:/ 就选a，否则选an
2）单独一个字母“a”, “e”, “f”、 “h”、“i”, “l”、“m”、“n”、 “o”, “r”、“s”、“x”前用an.
3).There is 后绝对用a/an(除非是不可数名词)
3. the用法：
1）. play乐器前用the，特指时用the,上文提过的用the, 独一无二的用the, 最高级、序数词前用the, 方位词前the。
2） The + 形容词表示一类人,the+姓氏表示一家人或两夫妇。
3) 介词短语中间一定要用a或the, 当然名词前面有”this, that, these, those, my, your, some”等修饰词时除外。
四、数词
1.Unit 2 = the 2nd unit
2. 关于hundred，thousand，million，billion 的“具体”数和“大约”数
eight hundred students 800个学生 （具体数字，不加-s)
hundreds of students 好几百学生 （大约数，有-s, +of)
3.分数：分子用基数词one，two，three……，分母用序数词first，second，third……，分子超过1，分母加S。（分数后面的名词是单数，谓语动词用单数；分数后面的名词是复数，谓语动词用复数）
a quarter= one fourth, a half = one second
4. 钟点的表达
①half an hour 半小时
②two and a half days = two days and a half 两天半
③an 800-meter-long bridge 800米长的桥
5. a/an + 序数词 + 名词，表示”又一”、”再一”
I have failed twice, but I want to try a third time.
五、形容词、副词
1. 形容词修饰名词, 副词修饰形容词或动词，如：
a good girl , sleep well, terribly ill(病得很糟糕)， run slowly（跑得很慢）。
注意形容词修饰不定代词时，形容词放在不定代词后面：
something important somewhere interesting someone strange someone else
2. enough的位置
enough + 名词： enough books, enough time
形容词／副词 ＋ enough : tall enough; old enough; fast enough
3．“主动”形容词 vs “被动”形容词？
事物本身有趣用 interesting; 人对……感兴趣用interested.
The book is interesting, I'm very interested in it.
同类单词：boring，bored; tiring, tired; surprising，surprised; exciting , excited
4．原级句型：表示两者一样或不一样
1) very / quite / rather / too /so / much too +原级
2) as+原级+as (与…一样…)
3) not as/so+原级+as (与..不一样…)
5.比较级：
1) 句中有than的，一定用比较级：
bigger
more / less beautiful than ....
much more books
比较级 and 比较级： 越来越……
farther and farther 越来越远； more and more + 多音节词 越来越……
Smaller and smaller 越来越小； more and more beautiful 越来越漂亮
the 比较级, the 比较级： 越……，就越……
The harder you study, the more you will learn. 你学习越努力，你就会学得越多。
a little / a bit / a lot/much / even / still /far + 比较级
Which …..+ 比较级， A or B
比较级+than any other + 名词单数
表示两中较… the + 比较级 + of the two : Mary is the cleverer of the two（特指）
twice\three times+比较级＋than （大＼快＼高．．．几倍）
6．最高级：
１）最高级的前面一般要加定冠词the，副词的最高级可省去the.
2）Which ….. +最高级， A ，B or C
3）有of / in 短语的比较范围
4）one of +　形（最）＋名（复）＋动（单）
7. too much+不可数名词
much too 形容词/副 词
too many+可数名词
8. ①how often(多常，多久一次) 答语一般用sometimes，often，never，twice….
②how long（多长时间） 答语一般用For+时间如For 4 years./since…ago
③how far（多远） 答语一般有……kilometers/five minutes’ walk
④how soon （ 多久以后）用一般将来时，答语用in+一段时间
9. already—完成时态的肯定句（句中/句末）
yet—完成时态的否定句（问句/否定句句末）
10．常考副词有: hard, hardly, quickly, fast, carefully, successfully, happily, heavily, slowly, badly, well, seldom, especially, properly.
六 介 词( 在句中不能单独作谓语)
1 in the morning, on the morning of 2010 / on a cold morning (具体某一天)
2. with (有，带着，随着) He bought a house with a big garden.
without （没有） This morning, he went to school without eating breakfast.
3.. go/walk across the road/the street/the bridge
go/walk through the forest/the jungle/the park
4. on—表相邻的地方①Taiwan is on the east of China
in—表范围之内②Guangxi is in the west of Guangdong
to—表相距/隔的范围③Japan is to the east of China
except除…之外，再没有。All the students went to the park except Tom 。（Tom没去）besides除….之外，还有They went to the park besides Lily last week (包括Lily)
七 连词
1.“不共戴天”的仇人
because 和 so, thought (although) 和 but, 这两组词不能同时出现在一个复合句中，二者只能用其一：
Though he worked hard, he couldn't pass the math exam.
She is very friendly, so everybody likes her.
2. and, so的用法
Hurry up, and you can catch the bus. 快点，你就 能够赶上公交车。
Hurry up, or you cannot catch the bus. 快点，否则 你就不能够赶上公交车。
八 动词
情态动词
1)can, could, shall, should, may, might, must后面接动词原形。need to do
2)凡出现can 不能出现 be able to.
can’t be 不可能是 belong to + 宾格
must be 一定是 must be+ 人名’s/所有格
mustn’t 禁止.不允许
Must….. No, you needn’t / No, you don’t have to.
4) May I --------- No, you mustn’t
2． 时态：
1） 现在完成时have / has + Vpp, 标志词：in the past / last…,for, since, so far, twice,ever, never, just, before, already, yet.
“去过”还是“去了”？
have been to 去过（回来了）
- Hi, John, shall we go to Australia for the long holiday
- Sorry, I have been there twice.
have gone to 去了（已经出发或到达，人现在不在这里）
- Can I speak to Tom
- Sorry, he has gone to Beijing.
have been in 呆在某地（从过去一直呆到现在）
She has been in Zhongshan for 3 years.
出现for+一段时间或since……ago就必须把短暂性的动词改为延续性的动词
come/ arrive→have/ has been in go/ leave→have/has been away from
borrow→have/has kept die→have/has been dead
begin/start→have/has been on end/fihish→have/has been over
凡出现短暂性的词不选，选 延续性 的动词代替。
2) 现在进行时 am / is / are + Vpp, 标志词：now, Listen! Look! Be quiet!
3) 过去进行时 was / were + Vpp， 标志词： at that time, at 5 yesterday morning, when
3.词组； arrive at +小地方 注：若出现home.here.there.介词at.in.to.省去
arrive in +大地方
(a) get to +地方
reach +地方
（b） borrow sth from sb.从某人处借来――
lend sth to sb. 把某物借给某人――
keep sth + for + 一段时间
（c） bring → 由远到近
take → 由近到远
fetch → 双程来
carry → 有一定的重量（搬.运）
（d） 人 + spends + money/time + on sth
人 + spends + money/time + (in) + doing sth
人 + pays + money + for sth
物 + cost + 人 + 钱.
It takes + sb + time/money + to do sth. (一般现在时)
It took + sb+ time/money + to do sth……(一般过去时)
It will take + sb+ time/money + to do sth…(一般将来时)
hear
see +do (感官动词正在进行的十ing )
watch +doing
find
(f) watch+电视，比赛
see+医生，电影
look at +相片，黑板
read+书，杂志，书刊
g) look
smell
sound (看/闻/听/尝/感觉)起来 +形容词
taste
feel
h) forget to do sth 忘记去做某事 (动作未实施)
doing sth 忘记做过…(已做了)
leave A for B 离开A地去B地
leave sth somewhere 把某物落在某处 I’m sorry I left my key in the room
i) say+it+in+语言
speak+语言
talk to/with sb talk about sth谈论某事
tell sb about sth .
tell a story 讲故事
tell a lie 说谎
j) happen to sb 这两个没有被动语态 即没有 be+happened ×
take place 发生 be+taken place ×
九 被动语态
1. 结构：a)一般现在时：am / is / are +VPP
b) 一般过去式：was / were +VPP
c) 一般将来时：will +be +VPP
d) 含情态动词：must/can/may+be+VPP
2. 主动语态中动词舍去”to”的, 被动语态必须加”to”: be seen to do, be made to do, be heard to do, be watched to do
3. 常用被动语态的词组
used to do sth (过去通常) be used for doing sth / be used to do sth (被用来做某事)
be used as (被当作…用) be used to doing sth (习惯与做某事)
be made of 由…制造（直接看到原材料） be made from由…制造 (不能看到原材料)
be made in+地方 （在…地方制造）
c)凡选项出现be+Vp.p的被动结构，首先考虑这个答案。
十．非谓语动词
1. 动词后+to
1) Would like + to do sth
2) plan to do sth
try to do sth
decide to do sth
allow
3) ask sb to do sth
tell sb not to do sth
4) start + to do sth
begin +doing sth
2. 动词+ doing
enjoy
practice
keep + doing sth
mind
finish
be busy
Can＇t / couldn’t help+doing 禁不住――
3. 疑问词 + to do sth what to do , how to do it , where to go, which to choose
4. make
Let + 动词原形
5. Why not
Why don’t you
Shall we +do
Will/would you please 动原
Let’s
6. would rather +do + than+ do
7. look forward to
+doing sth
pay attention to
prefer +名词 +to +名词
+doing + to +doing
8. ①stop to do sth 停下来去做 to 后面的事情
②stop doing sth 停下来,什么也不干
③stop sb from doing sth阻止某人做某事
9. have + sb+do sth 让某人做某事
have /get+sth +V p·p 让某事被做
My hair is long. I have to get it cut.
My mother has me do housework every day.
十一 句子的解类 (一)
反意疑问句：
1) 前肯后否,前否后肯: 句中有出现 no ,hardly, seldom, few, little 时 后边用肯定句
There is little water in the bottle, is there
2).祈使句(肯定/否定)反意部分用 will you
Let’s…… 开头 ，用 shall we
3) 反意疑问句的回答只看答句后面的中文意思，按“实事求是”原则回答。
2.感叹句：
How + 形容词+主语 + 谓 + 其他成分！How beautiful she is!
What + a/an +形/+可数名词单数+主+谓+其他成分！What a good girl Linda is!
What +形容词+不可数名词或可数名词复数+主+谓+其它！
What bad weather (不可数) it is ！
* 凡句中的第三个单词出现the，选how. （绝对没有how a 选项）
* 凡只有主谓，用how. 如：How time flies!
十二 . 句子种类
1. 在主从复合句中，当主句用一般将来时，从句(if, when, as soon as, unless, until)用一般现在时,“主将从现”原则。
We will take some pictures if it doesn't rain tomorrow.
Tom will call us as soon as he gets there.
I will tell him when he comes back.
注：1) 过去进行时 + when + 过去时 My mother was working when I came in
2) I f 是否(引导宾语从句) I don’t know if（宾语从句）he will come tomorrow.
If he comes, I’ll tell him . (主将从现)
2.定语从句：
1）先行词是人时用who/that, 有时用whose（后面有名词）
2） 先行词是物时用that / which
注意：先行词是不定代词（-thing，-body，only the same few little the last all any some时，用that 不用which
3. 宾语从句考点：
1）从句是陈述句时引导词用that，可省略。从句是一般疑问句时引导词用if 或 whether(但句子后有or时，只能用whether)。
2）时态:主句是现在时，从句的时态根据句子中的时态而定；主句是过去时，从句要用过去的时态；从句是客观真理时用一般现在时。
3）从句的语序：引导词+主语+谓语
十 三. 主谓一致.
1.意义一致原则：
1）时间，距离，价格，数量，数学版式作主语时，谓语用单数.
Fifty dollars is not enough.
2）a number of + 复数名词 （谓语用复数）A number of the workers are women.
the number of +﹏﹏. （﹏﹏单数）The number of the workers in this factory is 700.
3）分数作主语时，谓语形式根据分数后面的名词而定。
family, class, team, group 作成员讲时，谓语用复数。
语法一致原则：
代词each, either, neither或不定代词(everything, anything, somebody…)作主语时，谓语用单数.
动词不定式（To do）、动名词(Doing)、从句作主语时，谓语用单数。
This kind…/ This pair…作主语时谓语用单数。
就远原则：句中有with，but，except，besides，as well as 时
4．就近原则. Neither﹏nor， Either﹏or，not only﹏but also，there be 句型中有多个主语时，谓语动词根据与它靠近的主语形式一致：
*There is a pen and two bags on the table.
*There are two bags and a pen on the table.
其它重点：
1.****It 句型：
It’s + 形容词(nice/ good / kind / brave ) +of sb 某人真/太…
2）It’s + 形容词 +for sb+to do sth对 某人来说做某事是---
句型
3）It’s + 形容词 +to do sth 做某事是……的 It’s very important to learn English well.
4）Sb+finds /found + it + 形容词+ to do sth.某人发现做某事是…….的
5） It’s time for sb to do sth. 该是---什么的时候了
6） It’s time for sb for doing/ sth
7） It is said/ reported/ believed that….据说……
8) It seems that….好像……
2.表达“也”(要倒装）
Tom is a good student. -So am I.
Tom likes computer. -So do I.
Lily didn't go there. -Neither \Nor did I.
表达“看法相同”(不倒装）
Tom likes English. -So he does.
Tom is outgoing. -So he is.
3. 对比一些词组
look at 看；look for 寻找; look after照看; look over仔细检查; look like
看起来像; look the same看起来一样; look up（在字典中）查找; look out小心;
look out of向……外看；look through 浏览 look forward to doing 期待做……
put on穿上；put up 树立，张贴; put off推迟; put down 放下，熄灭; put away放开；put out 扑灭
take off 起飞.脱下 take care of照顾; take away拿走
turn on打开; turn off关闭; turn down调低; turn up调高
give up 放弃 , give away 捐赠, give out分发 give in 屈服
get on上车 ,get off下车, get into进入 , get up 起床
come out出版 ,come up with 想出, come back回来 , come from 来自
worry about 担心, think about 考虑, hear about 听说, talk about 谈论
go off,闹响 break off中断, run off 跑掉, take off 脱下，起飞
borrow sth. from sb. 从……借…… <==> lend sth. to sb. 借……给……
I borrowed a book from the library.
Can you lend me your bike
take ... to ... 把……拿到…… <==> bring...from... 从……拿来……
Please take this book to Mr. Li.
You can't bring any food from home.

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