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语法——There be结构
Part 1:知识点
There be表示“存在有”，当我们告诉某人某事存在或不存在时，常用这种结构。
There是引导词，本身无意义；be是谓语动词，后面跟名词，这个名词是真正的主语。（there be结构是倒装句的一种）
具体用法：
句型结构
（1）肯定句形式
There is/was+主语（可数名词单数或不可数名词）+时间或地点。
There are/were+主语（可数名词复数）+地点。
【考点】根据there be句型中的主语形式选择be动词的正确形式：当主语是可数名词单数或不可数名词时，be动词用is；当主语是可数名词复数时，be动词用are;当主语是多个名词时，be动词的单复数由离be动词最近的名词决定，也就是There be句型遵循就近原则。
例句：There is a bag on the desk.
There are two pens on the desk.
There is a pen and two books on the desk.
There are two books and a pen on the desk.
（2）一般疑问句形式（把be动词提前，句号变问号）
例句：Is there an apple on the tree
肯定回答：Yes, there is.
否定回答：No, there isn’t.
Are there five pears in the basket
肯定回答：Yes, there are.
否定回答：No, there aren’t.
【难点】当句子中出现some，变一般疑问句时，some要改成any
例句：There is some water in the bottle.（因为水是不可数名词，所以be动词用is）
改为一般疑问句：Is there any water in the bottle
（3）特殊疑问句形式
A．对主语进行提问：
当主语是人时：Who+is+介词短语？
当主语是物时：What+is+介词短语？
【注意】当无论原句的主语时单数还是复数，对其进行提问时，一般都用Be动词的单数形式，回答时要根据实际情况来确定be动词的形式。
B．对地点状语进行提问：Where +be动词+ 主语？
C．对数量进行提问：
可数名词：How many +复数名词+are there+介词短语？
例句：How many people are there in the park
不可数名词：How much+不可数名词+is there+介词短语？
例句：How much milk is there in the cup
（4）否定句形式：直接在be动词后加not
【拓展】is not=isn’t are not=aren’t
例句：There is not a knife in the kitchen.
There are not five apples on the tree.
【注意】句中如果有some，改为否定句时要变为any
例句：There are some cows on the farm.----There are not any cows on the farm.
There is some water in the bowl.----There is not any water in the bowl.
Part 2:练习
选词填空。
has have there is there are
1.I _______ a good father and a good mother.
2.________ a telescope on the desk.
3.He _______ a tape-recorder.
4.________ many students in the playground.
5.She ________ some dresses.
单选。
（ ）1.There ______ no tea in the cup.
A.is B.are C.has D.be
（ ）2.There _____ in the next room.
A.is Tom B.are some boys C.are they D.is the boy
（ ）3.There is some ______ on the plate.
A.apple B.bread C.banana D.sandwich
（ ）4.There ______ some paper and a pen on the desk.
A.is B.are C.have D.has
（ ）5.There’s going to _____ in tomorrow’s newspapers/
A.have something new B.have new something
C.be something new D.be new something
（ ）6.There is some milk in the bottle, _____
A.isn’t there B.aren’t there C.isn’t it D.are there
（ ）7.________ is there on the table
A.How many apples B.How much bread
C.How much breads D.How many food
（ ）8.There is ______ old woman in the car.
A./ B.a C.the D.an
（ ）9.There ______ a clock and two books on the desk now.
A.are B.be C.is D.was
（ ）10.There are ______ on the floor.
A.cat B.water C.boxes D.football
对划线部分进行提问。
There are many things onver there.
__________________________________________
There is some juice in the bottle.
__________________________________________
There are five children in the garden.
__________________________________________
There are seven students on the playground.
__________________________________________
答案：
一、1.have 2.There is 3.has 4.There are 5.has
二、1-5ABBAC 6-10AADCC
三、
What’s over there
How much juice is there in the bottle
How many children are there in the garden
Where are the seven children

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