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教 学 内 容 9A Unit 4 Grammar
教 学 目 标 1. 了解并掌握时间状语从句的结构。 2. 掌握并能使用引导时间状语从句的连词。 3.重点词汇、短语
重 点 1. 掌握并能使用引导时间状语从句的连词。 2.重点词汇、短语
难 点 如何掌握并能熟练使用引导时间状语从句的连词; When & While
教 学 准 备 知识点、巩固练习、课堂练习、课后作业
教学过程
They can be placed at the beginning or in the middle of sentences. (P. 54) at the beginning of意为“在……之初”，反义词短语为“at the end of”意为“在……末尾/尽头”。 At the beginning of 1975 he came back to China. Before and after can also be used as prepositions of time. (P. 54) be used as意为“被用作”。 例如： The big table can be used as a bed. English is used as a very useful working language. 【拓展】常见的used短语 be used to do sth. 被用来做某事 be used for doing sth. 被用来做某事 be/get used to doing sth. 习惯做某事 I received a call from my uncle. (P. 54) receive意为“收到、接到”，常同from连用；另外，receive表示客观上收到或者拿到，但主观上不一定接受，accept强调主观上愿意接受。 例如： I was happy to receive a call from my old friend. I received his gift yesterday, but I wouldn’t like to accept it. ...he didn’t become serious about basketball until/till he was 12. (P. 56) become/be serious about意为“认真对待”，后接名词、代词或者动名词。 例如： You know that I could not become serious about such a man. She is serious about her future. The best moment is his career was in 2004—he scored 41 points in a game against the Atlanta Hawks. (P. 56) against此处是介词，意为“对抗、与……相反”，be against“反对”，反义词为be for“支持”。例如： Our school plays against their school at basketball. We are all against his idea. 【拓展】against还可以意为“靠着、迎着”。例如： He stood with his back against the door. He hit his head against the window. When Yao Ming was living in the USA, he returned to China whenever he was needed. (P. 56) return此处作不及物动词，表示“回归、返回”，相当于go/come back to。return to+地点，意为“返回某地”。例如： I returned to my school yesterday. Ann will visit you when she returns to London. 【拓展】return作及物动词，表示“归还”，相当于give back。 You should return the piano to Dick on time. Step 3 Time Adverbial Clause 一 before, after, when和while的用法 1 before的用法 【考点一】作连词 1）before 作连词时，意思是：在......之前；还没来得及......就。 Before she could move, she heard a great noise, which grew to a terrible roar. 她还没来得及动，就听见巨大的响声，接着就成了可怕的隆隆声。 2）It + be +时间段 + before...句型中，意思是：在...之后才...... eg:It will be five years before I come back.我五年后才回来。 It was not long before the enemies were driven out of their country.不久之后,敌人就被赶出他们国家了。 如果主句中用否定式,则表示“不多久就......". eg: It won't be long before they understand each other.他们不久就会互相了解的。 【测一测】To make your DIY work perfect, you’d better not start you get all the tools ready. A. when B. while C. before D. after 【考点2】:before用作介词 before 用作介词时,可以指时间“在......之前”,也可以指位置“在.....之前"。 eg: He arrived before me.他比我先到。 Don't put the cart before the horse.不要木末倒置. He was brought before the judge.他被带到法官面前。 【测一测】Read the instructions before the new machine. A. use B.to use C. using D. used 2 after的用法 1）用作介词,与一段时间连用,表示“在......之后”时,注意它与 in的区别:after 表示以过去时间为起点的一段时间以后,且通常与过去时态连用;而in则表示以现在为起点的一段时间以后。 eg: He came back after two days.他两天后就回来了。 He will come back in two days.他过两天就回来 但after 若是与时间点连用,既可用于过去时态也可用于将来时态。 eg: He came back after 4 o'clock.他是四点钟以后回来的。 He will come back after next month.他将在下个月以后回来. 【测一测】Stephen Hawking got more than 380,000 followers in two hours he put his first message on Weibo. A .before B. since C. after D. until 2）用作连词引导时间状语从句时注意:若主句用将来时(或含有将来意味),则时间状语从句要用一般现在时(表将来意义),而不能直接使用将来时。 eg: I'll leave after he comes back.他回来后我就走. 3:when的用法 考向一:作副词,引导名词性从句或不定式,意为“什么时候"。从句使用陈述语序,时态根据实际情况而定。 eg: I'd like to know when they will come.我想知道他们什么时候来。 Can you tell me when the bank opens 你能告诉我银行什么时候开门吗 考向二:作为从属连词,引导状语从句,表示多种语法意义。表示时间,意为“当...时;在....的时候" (1)在时间状语从句里,用一般现在时表示将来时;当需要表达将来完成的意义时,必须使用现在完成时来代替. eg: When you see him, please say hello to him.当你见到他时,请问他好。 When you have finished your experiment, please tidy the lab and put everything back in the cupboards. 当你们做完实验后,请把实验室整理好并把所有物品放回柜子中。 (2)表示过去发生的事情时,在含有when引导的时问状语从句的主从复合句中,动作发生在先的用过去完成时,在后的用一般过去时。 eg: We had just fallen asleep when the bell rang.当铃响时,我们刚刚入睡。 When I reached the station, the train had left. 当我到达车站时,火车已经开走了。 【测一测】They were playing soccer on the playground the storm came. A.as soon as B.as long as C. when D. while 点拨:句意:当暴风雨到来时,他们正在操场上踢足球。when. while 都表“当...的时候”,但是若从句是一个短暂性动作,而主句是一个持续性动作,用when但不用while 考点4 while的用法 考向一: while 作连词引导时间状语从句。 eg: We must strike while the iron is hot.我们必须趁热打铁。 While she was listening to the radio, she fell asleep.她听着收音机睡着了。 考向二:while 后的从句谓语动词只能是延续性动词,强调主从句的两个动作同时发生:while也可作并列连词,表示两个动作的对比,意为“而,然面"。 eg: I was doing my homework while my sister was playing computer games.我在做作业而我妹妹在玩电脑游戏。 【测一测】-Where was your dad at this! Time last night -He was talking with my uncle I was looking for some information on the Internet. A. after B. until C. since D. while 二. since, till 和until 的用法 考点1 since的用法 考向一:since 作为介词,后接某一确定的时间点,常与现在完成时,现在完成进行时或过去完成时连用。 eg: He left the village in 1982 and I haven't seen him since then.1982年他离开这个村子,从那以后我 再没见过他。 She's been working in a bank since leaving school.她毕业后就一直在一家银行工作。 【测一测】I scared of dogs ever since a dog hurt me when I was five years old. A. will be B. was C. have been D. would be 考向二: since引导时间状语从句 (1)若since引导的状语从句的谓语是终止性动词的过去式,则其表示的时间是“从动作开始的那一时刻起"。 eg: He has studied very hard since he came to our school.自从他来到我们学校,他学习就非常努力。 We have been missing them since they left here.自从他们离开这里,我们就一直很想念他们。 (2)若since 引导的状语从句的谓语动词是持续性动词或表示状态动词的过去式时,则其表示的时间是“从动作或状态结束时算起"。 eg: I haven't heard any noise since I slept.我醒后未听到任何声音。 It's two years since I smoked我戒烟已经两年了。 How long is it since you lived in Shanghai 你离开（没住在）上海多久了？ (3)若since 引导的状语从句的谓语动词为持续性动词的现在完成式,则表示动作和状态延续到现在(说话时刻),其表示的时间的起点应从动作发生之时算起。 eg: I haven't heard from him since he has lived there.白从他(开始)住在那儿起,我就一直没收到他的来信。 【测一测】-I can hardly believe my eyes. Is that you, Lucy -Yes. It has been almost 20 years we were together. A. since B. before C. after D. until 考向三:since 在特殊句型中的应用 句型I:“It has been+时间段+since..."表示“自从...以来到现在已有多久”,从句中谓语动词常用持续性动词的过去式。 eg: It has been quite some time since I was last in London.自从我上次在伦敦至今颇有一段时间了. 句型II:“It was+时间段+since..."表示“从......到过去某时间点以来已有多久",从句用过去完成时,且谓语动词为持续性动词。 eg:It was three years since we had been here.那时我们在这儿已呆了三年。 考点2:till与until 考向一:until和till可以作介词或连词。作介词用时,后面接名词或副词;作连词用时,常用来引导一个时间状语从句。 当它们用于肯定句中,主句动词常为延续性动词,表示这个动作一直延续到till/until 所表示的时间为止,当它们引导时间状语从句时往往要用一般现在时代替一般将来时。 eg: They worked until/till six o'clock.他们一直工作到六点钟。 He will wait for you until/till your mother comes.他将等你直到你母亲来。 考向二:not...until 意为“直到·....才",主句常用终止性动词(即非延续性),表示until所表示的时间一到,该动作就发生。 eg: He didn't go to bed until eleven last night.昨天夜里他直到十一点才上床睡觉。 Einstein was not able to return to his home-land until the war was over. 直到战争结束后爱内斯坦才得以回祖国。 注意:not until放在句首时主句要用倒装语序,如上面第二个例句可以改为not until 放在句首的倒装句:Not until the war was over was Einstein able to return to his homeland. 【测一测】The little girl didn't stop crying she found her mother. A. after B. until C. because D. when 考向三:如果要放在句首,只能用until 而不能用till。 eg: 误:Till I finished my homework, my mother didn’t let me out. 正:Until I finished my homework, my mother didn't let me out. 直到我做完家庭作业,我妈妈才准我出去。 三.as soon as 与 whenever 的用法 考点1:As soon as的用法 考向:as soon as 连接的时间状语从句中,指未发生的动作,规律是:主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时。指紧接着发生的两个短动作时,主从句都用一般过去时。 eg: I will tell him the news as soon as he comes back.他一回来我就告诉他这个消息。 As soon as I went in, Jason cried out with pleasure.我一进门,贾森就高兴地大叫起来。 【测一测】I 'll go to visit my aunt in England the summer holiday starts. A. while B. since C. until D. as soon as 考点2.whenever 的用法 考向一:作连词,意为“每当,无论何时”。 eg: Come whenever you like.你什么时候想来就来。 考向二:whenever 还可作副词,意为“究竞什么时候"。 eg: Whenever did you find time to do all that cooking 你怎么有时间做了这么多菜 【测一测】 I am in trouble, my best friend Li Lei always helps me. A. Whenever B. Whatever C. However D. Never Summary 1. before, after, when, till, until, as soon as, whenever引导的时间状语从句中，如果主从句都是将来发生的动作，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。 2. since（自从……）常与现在完成时连用。 3. while（当……时）引导的时间状语从句通常要用进行时。 4. before, after, since, till, until还可作介词，后接时间名词。 5. 当主句和从句的主语是同一个人时还可用：before/ after/ when/ while doing sth. 6. as soon as 引导时间状语，表示 “一……就……” 7. till和until通常可以互换，但当“直到”这词用于句首或与not连用时只能用until。 随堂练习 一、单项选择 1 —Did you catch the first subway this morning —No, I didn’t. It had started moving I could get on it. A before B since C after D as soon as 2.Sally took a photo of her friends while they computer games. A. play B. are playing C. have played D. were playing 3 the dinner was all over, everyone helped wash the dishes. A. How B. When C. Before D. Why 4.-It seems that you are happy. Why -I met an old friend of mine while I on the street. A. walks B. walk C. was walking D.am walking 5. I got back. I found my mother cooking for me. A. When B. Before C. Since D. Although 6.Kate to dance since she was 5. So she dances very well. A. has learned B. learns C. have learned D. learned 7.Miss Lin a lot of work for the poor area since 2010. A. does B. did C. has done D. will do 8.It's a good habit to wash your hands you have meals. A. unless B. while C. when D. before 9.My uncle has taught in this school was twenty years old. A. since B. for C. until D. after 10.-You have been in Neijiang very long -Yeah. my parents came here. A. For B. As C. When D. Since 11.My sister has learnt English A. for twelve years ago B. since she was four C. twelve years ago D. at the age of four 12.-The local living conditions (条件)have improved a lot China set up the city of Sansha. -And more and more people would like to go there for business. A. before B. when C. since D. after 13.Our Chinese teacher didn't go to bed he finished his work last night. A. if B. until C. since D. because 14.-When will you return the book to me -I'll give it to you I finish it. A. though B. until C.as soon as D. unless 15.I will wait I hear from you. A. until B. since C. while D. because 16.Please hold on to your dream one day it comes true. A. if B. until C. unless D. though 17.I will do some cleaning as soon as I my homework. A. finish B. will finish C. has finished D. finished 18.I didn't know the news you told me.Thank you for telling me that. A. unless B. though C. until D .while 19.You can come to my house you like. A. whenever B. however C. wherever D. whoever 二 用所给词的适当形式填空 20.Miss Lee (teach)us English since she came here three years ago. 21.He (be)a volunteer in Ya'an, Sichuan since the earthquake happened. 22.The children (do not)go to bed until their mother came back. 23.I (tell)him the news as soon as he (come)back.
-1.A
2.D 点拨:本题考查时态。 根据“萨莉为她的朋友照相”和“当他们玩电脑游戏时”可知,两个动作同时发生,while 后常接进行时。故选D。
3.B 点拨:句意:当晚餐结束时,每个人都帮忙洗餐具。 How 如何,表示方式,程度;When 当··时候,表示时间;Before 在......之前,表示时间;Why 为什么。 根据语境可知吃完饭的时候才洗餐具,故此处用连词 wheno
4.C 点拨:考查while引导时间状语从句的用法。while 从句的侧重点在于描述动作正在发生的状态。 答语的主句是一般过去时,因此从句要用过去进行时。 句意为:一一一你似乎很开心,为什么 -一当我在街上散步的时候我遇到了我的一个老朋友。故选C。
5.A 点拨:考查连词辨析。when“当.....·的时候”号导时间状语从句;before“在......之前”引导时间状语从饲:since"白 以后田于引导时间或原因状语从句;although“虽然"引导让步状语从句,前后内个分句意思为:我回家:我发现妈妈正在为我做饭。 出此知用when 引|导时间状语从句.故选A.
6.A 点拨:们意为:凯特自从五岁就开始学跳舞。 所以她跳得很好, 根据句中的 since 可知主句为现在完成时,主语为Kate,故选A。
7.C 点拨:考查时态。 句意为:自从2010年起林老师为贫困地区做了很多工作. does 用于一·股现在时:did 用丁一股过去时;hasdone用于现在完成时:will do用丁一股将来时。由句中的 since 2010 可知要用现在完成时。故选Co
8.D
9.A
10.D 点拨:for因为;as由于;when当 时候;since 白从.... 以来,句意:一一你在内江很久了 一一是的,自从我的父母来到这里。故选D.
11.B 点拨:考查现在完成时的时问状语。由谓语动词 has learnt 可知,应用表示一段时问的时问状语.A项表达错误;C,D两项用于一般过去时,故选B。
12.C 点拨:"since+一般过去时的句子”是现在完成时的标志,根据“The local livingconditions(条件)have improved a lot"可以判断用since。故选C。
13.B 点拨:考查连词,not...until...意为“直到 才....",“不到·. 不......"。故选B
14.C 点拨:句意为:一你什么时候把书还给我 一一我一看完就给你。 though单然;ui直到......为止;as soon as一就......;unless陈非,如果不。根据句总可知表示“一...就.....”,要用as soon as 故答案为C.
15.A 点拨:句意:我将等到收到你的米信为止。故答案选A项,意为“直到..为止"。16.B 点拨:if意为“如果";until意为“直到.....为止";unless意为“除非";though意为“虽然"。句意为:请坚守你的梦想,直到有一天梦想成真。故B项正确。
17.A 点拨:句意为“我一完成作业就去打扫卫生。"as soon as"-..就"用来引导时间状语从句,主句是一般将来时,从句要用一般现在时表示将来。故选A。
18.C 点拨:句意为:直到你告诉我我才知道个新闻。 谢谢你告诉我那个。unless除如果不;though尽管;until 直到......为while 当···.··时候。 根据句意可知选C。19.A
二20.has taught 21.has been 22.didn't23.will tell;comes

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