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阅读理解词句猜测题
六大解题技巧
「目标」
01
掌握阅读理解词句猜测题六大解题技巧
02
灵活应用阅读理解词句猜测题六大解题技巧
目
录
构词法
1
逻辑法
2
释义法
3
例证法
4
语境法
5
常识法
6
课程导入
1. a fat cat
2. when pigs fly
肥猫
当猪在飞
Let's try again!
1. Lucy married a man who owns a big company and has millions of dollars. He is really a fat cat.
2. Peter is very lazy and he never does his homework. He can go to a university when pigs fly.
Let's try again!
1. Lucy married a man who owns a big company and has millions of dollars. He is really a fat cat.
2. Peter is very lazy and he never does his homework. He can go to a university when pigs fly.
a rich man
impossible
近3年高考阅读理解词句猜测题数量统计 新高考Ⅰ卷 新高考Ⅱ卷 全国甲卷 全国乙卷
2023年 1 1 0 1
2022年 1 1 3 1
2021年 2 1 1 2
词句猜测重要性
考情统计
阅读理解
完形填空
七选五
语法填空
解决办法
猜测词句
遇到不认识的词怎么办
词句猜测重要性
知识精讲
01 构词法
敲重点
合成看组成
一、复合名词
1. 形容词+名词：whiteboard白板
2. 名词+名词：eyesight视力、website网址
3. 副词+名词：underwear内衣
4. 动名词+名词：waiting-room候机室、sleeping-pill安眠药
5. 动词+名词：pickpocket扒手
6. 名词+动词：heartbeat心跳、handshake握手
7. 动词+副词：breakthrough突破、breakdown崩溃、故障
8. 副词+动词：income收入、outbreak爆发、input输入、output产量、输出
敲重点
合成看组成
二、复合形容词
warm-hearted 热心的 cold-blooded 冷血的
one-eyed 独眼的 good-looking 好看的
hard-working 努力工作的 ever-lasting 永恒的
never-ending 永恒的 man-killing 致命的
flesh-eating 食肉的 well-known著名的
newly-built 新建的 high-speed 高速度的
CRH=China Railway High-speed中国高铁
敲重点
合成看组成
三、复合动词
uplift 高举 white-wash 粉刷
overthrow 推翻 uphold 支持
敲重点
典型例题
The way people do things highlights many of the differences we see between .
合成看组成
典型例题
The way people do things highlights many of the differences we see between .
high （adj 高的）+light （v 照亮）
v. 突出；强调；用亮色突出
合成看组成
（2016年全国II卷B篇）
Encouraging this kind of thinking has a downside. I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking. Without fail one would declare, “But I’m just not creative.”
27. What does the underlined word “downside” in Paragraph 4 probably mean？
A. Mistake. B. Drawback.
C. Difficulty. D. Burden.
真题呈现
【解析】downside是由“down（向下）+ side（方面）”构成的合成词，并且后文提到“作者冒着失去那些有不同思维风格的学生的风险”。因此，我们可以猜测该词的意思是“不足，缺点”，故选B项。
真题呈现
They found that farmers typically use hybrid (杂交) seeds, which must be repurchased each year, to grow a diverse range of vegetables in the floating gardens. The gardens are also sensitive to pests, so farmers end up spending some money on both pesticides and fertilizers. But even with those expenses, they found, benefits outweighed costs. One farmer told the research team that he earns up to four times as much money from the gardens as from traditional rice fields.
What does the underlined word “outweighed” in paragraph 5 mean
A. Affected. B. Brought. C. Beat. D. Equaled.
课堂巩固
【解析】词义猜测题：outweighed合成词 out (超过）+weigh（重）
根据划线词下文“One farmer told the research team that he earns up to four times as much money from the gardens as from traditional rice fields.”可知，一位农民告诉研究小组，他从菜园中赚到的钱是从传统稻田中赚到的钱的四倍，故此处想表达的是即使农民最终会在杀虫剂和肥料上花一些钱，但是收益也会大于成本。故outweighed意为“大于”。故选C项。
课堂巩固
Baker concludes that people do not have the ability to sense when they’re being stared at. If people doubt the outcome of his two experiments, said Baker, “I suggest they repeat the experiments and see for themselves.”
2. The underlined word “outcome” in the last paragraph most probably means ________.
A. value B. result
C. performance D. connection
课堂巩固
【解析】词义猜测题：outcome out (出来）+come（来到）
最后一段表明心理学家Baker得出结论，因此根据第一句话Baker concludes that people do not have the ability to sense when they’re being stared at.得知“outcome”在此处为“结果”，故选B。
课堂巩固
常见的前缀及其意义：
派生看词缀
pre- (在…之)前
trans-超越；转换
under-在之…下；低于；
anti-反；防(止)
mis-不；非
un/in/im/ir- dis-不；非; 无
non-不；非
fore-在...前
multi- 多的
super-超;过于
inter-互相;在…之间
micro-极微小的
re-再, 反复
sub-次于..., 在…底下
co-共同
post- (在…之)后
de- 表否定
ex-之前的，故，旧
前缀改变词义
敲重点
名词后缀
-tion，-sion -ment -ness
-ity,-ty -ist -ism
-er,-or -dom -ess
-hood状态；性质；时期
-ship身份；资格；权力
派生看词缀
常见的后缀：
动词后缀 -en -ify -ise
形容词后缀：
-ful -ical
-able可被…的
-less不能…的；无…的
-ish如…的；有点儿…的
后缀改变词性
敲重点
典型例题
When he reached the place with his army, he found an impassable river in front of him.
派生看词缀
典型例题
When he reached the place with his army, he found an impassable river in front of him.
im- 不；非; 无
-able 可被…的
pass v. 经过，通过，穿过
adj. 不能通行的
派生看词缀
（2017全国Ⅲ卷C篇）
Gray wolves once were seen here and there in the Yellowstone area and much of the continental United States, but they were gradually displaced by human development. By the 1920s, wolves had practically disappeared from the Yellowstone area. They went farther north into the deep forests of Canada, where there were fewer humans around.
29. What does the underlined word ＂displaced＂ in paragraph 2 mean
A. Tested. B. Separated.
C. Forced out. D. Tracked down.
真题呈现
【解析】
dis- 不；非; 无
place v 使处于〔某种境地〕
displace v 使〔人群或兽群〕离开家园
根据本段后两句可知，因为人类的发展，侵占了灰狼的领地，灰狼逐渐向北迁徙，由此推断灰狼被人类排挤走了。故选C项。
真题呈现
The world is one and indivisible in a sense so compelling that the only question before us is the method by which we represent its unity.
课堂巩固
The world is one and indivisible in a sense so compelling that the only question before us is the method by which we represent its unity.
in-不；非; 无
divide v 分开
-ible 能被...的
adj.不可分的
课堂巩固
02 逻辑法
敲重点
根据对比或转折逻辑猜词句
典型例题
Tom is lazy, but his brother is industrious.
典型例题
Tom is lazy, but his brother is industrious.
Tom is lazy, but his brother is industrious.
adj. 勤奋的
（2012年全国II卷D篇）
Even the Ethiopian public has only seen Lucy twice. The Lucy on exhibition at the Ethiopian National Museum in the capital, Addis Ababa, is a replica while the real remains are usually locked in a secret storeroom.
54. What do the words “a replica” in Paragraph 2 refer to？
A. A painting of the skeleton. B. A photograph of Lucy.
C. A copy of the skeleton. D. A written record of Lucy.
真题呈现
【解析】由“while（而）”可知，本题可以使用反义法解题。根据画线词后面的“while the real remains are usually locked in a secret storeroom”可知，“while”前后构成转折对比关系，所以画线词与“real”意思相反，意思应为“假的”，故答案为C，意思是“一个骨骼的复制品”。
真题呈现
（2021·新高考I卷）
When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely. Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources. Millions of waterfowl ( 水 禽 ) were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat.
39. What does the underlined word “decimate” mean in the first paragraph
A. Acquire. B. Export. C. Destroy. D. Distribute
真题呈现
【解析】根据第一段“Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely. Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources.(美洲原住民明智地保护了这些宝贵的自然资源。不幸的是，仅仅几十年的探险家和定居者就decimate这些资源的大部分)”可知，前后句形成转折，前一句陈述美洲原住民保护这些宝贵的自然资源，所以后句表示探险家和定居者破坏了这些自然资源，推测划线单词表示“破坏”，与destroy同义。故选C。
真题呈现
Scientists used to believe that people tamed cats to catch mice and protect the grain. However,cats don't like to be told what to do!
54.What does the underlined word “tamed"mean in Chinese
A.驱散 B.捕捉 C.驯化 D.引进
课堂巩固
课堂巩固
【解析】根据下句“However, cats don't like to be told what to do!”中表示转折的However 可知，前后两句意思相反，故 tamed与 be told what to do意思相同，故选C。
Phytoplankton live at the ocean surface where they pull carbon dioxide（二氧化碳）into the ocean while giving off oxygen. When these organisms die, they bury carbon in the deep ocean, an important process that helps to regulate the global climate. But phytoplankton are vulnerable to the ocean's warming trend. Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth, since they need not only sunlight and carbon dioxide to grow, but also nutrients.
43.What does the underlined word “vulnerable” in Para-graph 3 probably mean
A. Sensitive. B. Beneficial.
C. Significant. D. Unnoticeable.
课堂巩固
Phytoplankton live at the ocean surface where they pull carbon dioxide（二氧化碳）into the ocean while giving off oxygen. When these organisms die, they bury carbon in the deep ocean, an important process that helps to regulate the global climate. But phytoplankton are vulnerable to the ocean's warming trend. Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth, since they need not only sunlight and carbon dioxide to grow, but also nutrients.
43.What does the underlined word “vulnerable” in Para-graph 3 probably mean
A. Sensitive. B. Beneficial.
C. Significant. D. Unnoticeable.
课堂巩固
敲重点
根据因果逻辑猜词句
典型例题
All his attempts to unlock the door was futile, because she was using the wrong key.
典型例题
All his attempts to unlock the door was futile, because she was using the wrong key.
All his attempts to unlock the door was futile, because she was using the wrong key.
adj. 徒劳的；无效的
Taking her words of wisdom to heart, I started my painting. Time flew by, and soon the bell rang, signaling the end of the time limit. We all turned in our canvases for inspection (检查). The next day, the winners of the competition were announced in front of the whole school. To my surprise, I heard my name being called second prize. It was a bolt from the blue for me, as I had never dared to dream of winning any prize.
43.What does the underlined part “a bolt from the blue” in Para-graph 3 probably mean
A. surprise. B. careful.
C. Significant. D. Unnoticeable.
课堂巩固
【解析】词句猜测题。根据第三段“To my surprise, I heard my name being called second prize. It was a bolt from the blue for me, as I had never dared to dream of winning any prize. (令我惊讶的是，我听到二等奖里有自己的名字。这对我来说是bolt from the blue，因为我从来不敢梦想赢得任何奖项)”可知，作者做梦都不敢想能得到任何奖品，所以听到自己获奖的消息后感到非常惊讶，划线部分表示“震惊，惊讶”，与surprise同义。故选A。
课堂巩固
As quantum computing attracts more attention and funding, researchers may mislead investors, journalists, the public and, worst of all, themselves about their work’s potential. If researchers can’t keep their promises, excitement might give way to doubt, disappointment and anger, Johnson warns. Lots of other technologies have gone through stages of excitement. But something about quantum computing makes it especially prone to hype, Johnson suggests, perhaps because “‘quantum’ stands for something cool you shouldn’t be able to understand.” And that brings me back to Taylor, who suggested that I read his book Q for Quantum.
33. What does the underlined word “prone” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean
A. Open. B. Cool. C. Useful. D. Resistant.
课堂巩固
【解析】根据第三自然段“But something about quantum computing makes it especially prone to hype, Johnson suggests, perhaps because “‘quantum’ stands for something cool you shouldn’t be able to understand.” (但约翰逊表明，量子计算的某些方面使得它特别 prone被炒作，可能是因为“量子”代表了一些你不应该理解的酷东西。)可知，本句中含有一个原因状语从句，因为“量子”代表了一些你不应该理解的酷东西”，所以它特别容易被炒作。故prone意为“易于……的”。A. Open.开放的；易受损害的；B. Cool. 酷的；C. Useful. 有用的；D. Resistant. 有抵抗力的。故选A。
课堂巩固
敲重点
根据同义词或并列结构猜词
典型例题
Your idea are so nebulous that they are not clear to me.
典型例题
Your idea are so nebulous that they are not clear to me.
Your idea are so nebulous that they are not clear to me.
adj. 不清楚的
And it is not just robins that are being kept awake by artificial light. Blackbirds and seagulls are also being more nocturnal.
44. What does the underlined word “nocturnal” in Paragraph 5 mean？
A. Active at night. B. Inactive at night.
C. Active during the day. D. Inactive during the day.
课堂巩固
【解析】画线单词前一句说“不是只有知更鸟在人造光下会一直醒着”，而“also（也）”表明这一句与前面表达的意思相近，即“黑鹂和海鸥也更活跃”。“nocturnal”应该是“awake”的近义词，意为“夜间活跃的”，故选A项。
课堂巩固
03 释义法
敲重点
典型例题
The purpose of the activity was to catch “ringers”, students who take tests for other students.
典型例题
The purpose of the activity was to catch “ringers”, students who take tests for other students.
定语从句
n. 冒名替考者
Aside from the strength, two other factors go into making an athlete: fitness and endurance. Fitness is related to the condition of the heart. During exercises, there is an increase in the amount of blood returning to the heart from the muscles. A typical volume for a runner at rest is about 5 quarts a minute, compared with 30 quarts during a vigorous trial(运动测试). This greater volume means more work for the heart---a muscular balloon that expands and contract is to take in blood and push it out. Like any other muscle, the heart enlarges and gets stronger with routine exercise.
13. What does the author mean by saying “this greater volume means more work for the heart”
A. The heart bears the task of making more blood during a vigorous trial.
B. The heart needs to bear the fast heart beating during a vigorous trial.
C. The heart takes in more blood and pushes it out during a vigorous trial.
D. The heart enlarges and becomes stronger routinely during a vigorous trial.
课堂巩固
【解析】词句猜测题。根据第四段倒第二句前的破折号提示，本句“a muscular balloon that expands and contract is to take in blood and push it out”(一个可以扩张和收缩的肌肉气球的作用是吸收血液并将其排出)可知，作者的意思是心脏吸收更多的血液，并在运动测试中将其排出体外。故选C。
课堂巩固
04 例证法
敲重点
典型例题
We took the provision with us to camp , for example，there were meat, bread, milk, sugar and fruit.
典型例题
We took the provision with us to camp , for example，there were meat, bread, milk, sugar and fruit.
We took the provision with us to camp , for example，there were meat, bread, milk, sugar and fruit.
n. 食物
In recent centuries, trade, industrialization, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalization and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to dis-appear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.
29.Which of the following best explains “dominant” underlined in Paragraph 2
A. Complex. B. Advanced.
C. Powerful. D. Modern.
课堂巩固
In recent centuries, trade, industrialization, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalization and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to dis-appear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.
29.Which of the following best explains “dominant” underlined in Paragraph 2
A. Complex. B. Advanced.
C. Powerful. D. Modern.
课堂巩固
05 语境法
敲重点
适用题型：无标志词且无其他线索的题型
方法：利用上下文语境分析，推测词句意思。
Is it possible to be born shy Many scientists say yes. They say 15 to 20 percent of babies behave shyly. These babies are a little quieter and more watchful than other babies. Interestingly, these shy babies usually have shy parents. As a result, scientists think that some shyness is genetic.
51.What does the underlined word “genetic" in Paragraph 2 probably mean
A. Passed down from parents.
B.Learned from friends.
C.Taught by teachers.
D.Made up by brothers.
典型例题
【解析】根据下文语境“these shy babies usually have shy parents.”可知，这些害羞的婴儿的父母通常也很害羞，所以，画线的单词指“父母身上继承而来的”，故选A.
典型例题
（2019年全国I卷B篇）
But he’s nervous. “I’m here to tell you today why you should…should…” Chris trips on the “-ld,” a pronunciation difficulty for many non-native English speakers. His teacher, Thomas Whaley, is next to him, whispering support. “…Vote for …me…” Except for some stumbles， Chris is doing amazingly well. When he brings his speech to a nice conclusion, Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him.
25. What does the underlined word “stumbles” in paragraph 2 refer to？
A. Improper pauses. B. Bad manners.
C. Spelling mistakes. D. Silly jokes.
真题呈现
【解析】根据上下文语境可知，老师借助竞选演说鼓励同学们学会赞美自己。文中Chris的母语不是英语，他学英语才三年多，说话不流利，而且他在演讲时非常紧张，所以说话磕磕绊绊，经常停顿。“stumble”一词描述的是Chris演讲时的状态，而A项的意思是“不恰当的停顿”，故正确答案为A。
真题呈现
06 常识法
敲重点
适用题型：无标志词且无其他线索的题型
方法：借助生活经验和普通常识确定词义。
For those who can stomach it, working out before breakfast may be more beneficial for health than eating first, according to a study of meal timing and physical activity.
61. The underlined expression “stomach it” in Paragraph 1 most probably means “ _______ ”.
A. digest the meal easily
B. manage without breakfast
C. decide wisely what to eat
D. eat whatever is offered
典型例题
【解析】此题考查“stomach”的生僻意思。根据生活常识可知，有的人锻炼前不吃早饭是受不了的，所以此处意为“如果可以忍受空腹的话，在吃早饭前去锻炼比吃过早餐后去锻炼好处更多”，故选B项。
典型例题
Yet social media is not entirely to blame. People have always taken risks for an experience. Foolish behavior and a tendency to get cocky around dangerous animals must have been around since the dawn of humanity. A hunger for attention online might drive some of the current madness, but some individuals might be trying to recreate a piece of the action they have seen on television. Perhaps the adrenaline (肾上腺激素) rush when close to wild animals causes an evaporation of common sense.
18. What does the underlined word “cocky” in Paragraph 4 probably mean
A. Selfish. B. Frightened.
C. Arrogant. D. Shocked.
课堂巩固
【解析】词句猜测题之常识法。根据第四段中“People have always taken risks for an experience. Foolish behavior and a tendency to get cocky around dangerous animals must have been around since the dawn of humanity. (人们总是为了体验而冒险。自人类诞生以来，在危险动物面前愚蠢的行为和cocky倾向一定一直存在)”可知，冒险是人类的本性，结合并列词组“Foolish behavior”可知推知，“get cocky”也是一种鲁莽的、不理性的表现，结合选项，cocky与arrogant同义，意为“傲慢的”。故选C项。
课堂巩固
课堂总结
课程总结
词句猜测题
解题技巧
构词法
逻辑法
释义法
例证法
语境法
常识法
课堂练习
（2024年新课标全国Ⅰ卷）
When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding. The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading passage — to ones that require mental abstraction — such as drawing inferences from a text.
28. What does the underlined phrase “shine through” in paragraph 2 mean
A Seem unlikely to last. B. Seem hard to explain.
C. Become ready to use. D. Become easy to notice.
【解析】根据前文“When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding.(当阅读几百字或更多的文本时，在纸上学习通常比在屏幕上学习更成功。大量的研究证实了这一发现)”可知，在纸上学习更有成效，以及后文“when experimenters move from posing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading passage — to ones that require mental abstraction — such as drawing inferences from a text.(当实验人员从提出简单的任务(如识别阅读文章的主旨)转移到需要思维抽象的任务(如从文本中推断)时)”推知，此处应是表达“当实验者从简单的任务转向需要精神抽象的任务时，纸质阅读的益处就变得显而易见”之意，所以shine through应是“显而易见”之意，和D项意思相近。故选D项。
（2024年新课标全国ⅠⅠ卷）
In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代码) that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades’ professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI.
12. What does the phrase “In the wrong hands” in paragraph 2 probably mean
A. If read by someone poorly educated.
B. If reviewed by someone ill-intentioned.
C. If written by someone less competent.
D. If translated by someone unacademic.
【解析】根据文章第二段“such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代码) that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades' professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI. (这样一本书可能会像驱动人工智能的计算机代码一样复杂，但值得庆幸的是，坎贝尔有20多年的专业经验，可以将令人兴奋的内容转化为可理解的内容。她从商业人士的实际角度而不是学者的角度出发，撰写了一本非常通俗易懂、内容丰富的指南，读完后会让你觉得自己几乎和人工智能一样聪明)”可知，坎贝尔撰写的这本书是通俗易懂的，如果别人写这本书的话可能就不是这样了，推测划线短语表示 “如果是由能力较差的人写的”。故选C项。
(2023新课标I卷C篇)
Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy: the digital declutter. This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value.
9. What does the underlined word “declutter” in paragraph 3 mean
A. Clear-up. B. Add-on. C. Check-in. D. Take-over.
【解析】根据画线词下文“This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value. (这个过程要求你在30天内远离可选的在线活动。在30天结束的时候，你再加上一些你认为会给你所看重的东西带来巨大好处的精心挑选的在线活动)”可推知，画线词“declutter”的意思是“清理”，对在线活动进行清理和挑选。故选A。
(2023年1月·浙江卷C篇)
A machine can now not only beat you at chess, it can also outperform you in debate. Last week, in a public debate in San Francisco, a software program called Project Debater beat its human opponents, including Noa Ovadia, Israel’s former national debating champion.
Brilliant though it is, Project Debater has some weaknesses. It takes sentences from its library of documents and prebuilt arguments and strings them together. This can lead to the kinds of errors no human would make. Such wrinkles will no doubt be ironed out, yet they also point to a fundamental problem. As Kristian Hammond, professor of electrical engineering and computer science at Northwestern University, put it: “There’s never a stage at which the system knows what it’s talking about.”
29．What does the underlined word “wrinkles” in paragraph 2 refer to
A．Arguments. B．Doubts. C．Errors. D．Differences.
【解析】根据第二段的“Brilliant though it is, Project Debater has some weaknesses. It takes sentences from its library of documents and prebuilt arguments and strings them together. This can lead to the kinds of errors no human would make.(尽管Project Debater很聪明，但它也有一些弱点。它从文档库和预先构建的参数中提取句子，并将它们串在一起。这可能会导致人类不会犯的错误。)”和“will no doubt be ironed out(毫无疑问会被解决)”可知，划线词所在句子表示“这样的错误会被纠正，被解决”，划线词wrinkles的意思是“错误”，和errors意思相近，故选C。
(2023新课标II卷C篇)
In this “book of books,” artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. Adults are portrayed (描绘) alone in many settings and poses —absorbed in a volume, deep in thought or lost in a moment of leisure. These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record moments we can all relate to.
10. What do the underlined words “relate to” in paragraph 2 mean
A. Understand. B. Paint.
C. Seize. D. Transform.
【解析】根据画线词上文“artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. (艺术品的选择和排列方式强调了不同时代和文化之间的联系。我们看到孩子们在家里或学校学习阅读的场景，这本书是几代人之间关系的焦点)”以及“These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record moments (这些场景可能是数百年前绘制的，但它们记录了一些时刻)”可推知，此处指书籍是人类之间相互联系和理解的纽带，故与画线短语“relate to”意思最相近的为A项“理解、认识到”。故选A。
(2023全国甲卷B篇)
Terri Bolton is a dab hand when it comes to DIY (do-it-yourself). Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing together furniture, she never pays someone else to do a job she can do herself.
24. Which is closest in meaning to “a dab hand” in paragraph 1
A. An artist. B. A winner. C. A specialist. D. A pioneer.
【解析】根据文章第一段画线短语下文“Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing together furniture, she never pays someone else to do a job she can do herself. (她擅长摆架子和拼接家具，从不付钱给别人做她自己能做的工作)”可推知，此处指Terri Boltonis是一位DIY高手。C项“A specialist (一位专业人员)”最接近画线短语“a dab hand”的意思。故选C。
(2023全国乙卷D篇)
In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides, there are victories accidentally or deliberately twisted, especially when only the victors know how to write. Those who are on the losing side often have only their things to tell their stories. The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of Benin and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made: a history told through things gives them back a voice. When we consider contact (联系) between literate and non-literate societies such as these, all our first-hand accounts are necessarily twisted, only one half of a dialogue. If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects.
34. What does the underlined word “conversation” in paragraph 3 refer to
A. Problem. B. History. C. Voice. D. Society.
【解析】根据划线单词上文可知，我们对过去历史的了解，只是书写历史的人所想要让我们了解的历史，如果我们想要了解历史的另一半，我们不仅仅要读文本也要读对象。所以conversation指的是“历史”。故选B。
(2022新课标I卷C篇)
Wendy Wilson, extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street, one of the first to embark on the project, said: “Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here.”
30. What do the underlined words “embark on” mean in paragraph 7
A. Improve. B. Oppose. C. Begin. D. Evaluate.
【解析】根据文章倒数第二段“Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here. (居民们非常欢迎该项目的想法和创意会议。我们期待这个项目能给这里的人们带来好处和乐趣)”以及划线处前的“one of the first (第一批人之一)”可知Wendy Wilson是着手这项工程的人之一，划线处的含义与C项：“Begin (开始)”含义相近。故选C。
(2022新课标II卷B篇)
We journalists live in a new age of storytelling, with many new multimedia tools. Many young people don’t even realize it’s new. For them, it’s just normal.
This hit home for me as I was sitting with my 2-year-old grandson on a sofa over the Spring Festival holiday. I had brought a children’s book to read. It had simple words and colorful pictures — a perfect match for his age.
24. What do the underlined words “hit home for me” mean in paragraph 2
A. Provided shelter for me. B. Became very clear to me.
C. Took the pressure off me. D. Worked quite well on me.
【解析】根据第一段“We journalists live in a new age of storytelling, with many new multimedia tools. Many young people don’t even realize it’s new. For them, it’s just normal.”以及画线词后文“as I was sitting with my 2-year-old grandson on a sofa over the Spring Festival holiday.”可知，作者是记者，生活在一个讲故事的新时代，有许多新的多媒体工具。许多年轻人甚至没有意识到它是新的。对他们来说，这很正常。而这在春节假期，作者和两岁的孙子坐在沙发上，尤其清楚认识到了这一点。故画线词意思是“我很清楚”。故选B。
(2022全国甲卷C篇)
Ever since her childhood, Ginni, now 71, has had a deep love for travel. Throughout her career(职业) as a professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time to take the plunge.
28. Which of the following best explains “take the plunge” underlined in paragraph 2
A. Try challenging things. B. Take a degree.
C. Bring back lost memories. D. Stick to a promise.
【解析】根据第二段划线词前文“Throughout her career(职业) as a professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further. (在她的职业舞蹈演员生涯中，她曾在英国巡演，但一直渴望进一步探索)”和“When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest,(当她不再跳舞，她的儿子们最终独立生活)”可知，Ginni在退休和儿子们成家立业之后，她决定尝试有挑战性的事情。由此推知，划线词组take the plunge与try challenging things“尝试有挑战性的事情”意思接近。故选A。
(2022全国乙卷D篇)
That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews’ efforts.
29. What does “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to
A. Personnel safety. B. Assistance from drones.
C. Inspection and repair. D. Construction of infrastructure.
【解析】根据后文“It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure.可知花在maintenance上的费用是用于“inspect and repair the rail infrastructure （检查和维修铁路基础设施”，由此可知“That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety”是指大幅节省检修成本和更好地保护铁路人员安全，划线词和 C项：Inspection and repair(检修)含义相近。故选C。。
(2021新课标II卷C篇)
As they grew more mobile, we let them move freely around the house during the day, but when we were asleep we had to contain them in a large room, otherwise they'd get up to mischief. We'd come down in the morning to find they'd turned the room upside down, and left it looking like a zoo.
25. What do the underlined words “get up to mischief” mean in paragraph 3
A. Behave badly. B. Lose their way.
C. Sleep soundly. D. Miss their mom.
【解析】根据画线词上文“As they grew more mobile, we let them move freely around the house during the day, but when we were asleep we had to contain them in a large room, otherwise they'd ”（随着它们的活动越来越多，我们白天让它们在房子里自由活动，但当我们睡觉时，我们必须把它们关在一个大房间里，否则它们会）以及后文“We'd come down in the morning to find they'd turned the room upside down, and left it looking like a zoo.”（我们早上下楼时发现他们把房间弄得乱七八糟，让它看起来像个动物园。）可知，作者不得不把老虎们关在一个大房间里，否则它们就会调皮捣蛋，表现不好。早上下楼时发现他们把房间弄得乱七八糟，看起来像个动物园。故画线词意思是“表现不好”。故选A。
(2021全国甲卷C篇)
Southbank, at an eastern bend in the Thames, is the center of British skateboarding, where the continuous crashing of skateboards left your head ringing .I loved it. I soon made friends with the local skaters. We spoke our own language. And my favorite: Safe. Safe meant cool. It meant hello. It meant don't worry about it. Once, when trying a certain trick on the beam（横杆）, I fell onto the stones, damaging a nerve in my hand, and Toby came over, helping me up: Safe, man. Safe. A few minutes later, when I landed the trick, my friends beat their boards loud, shouting: “Safe! Safe! Safe!” And that's what mattered —landing tricks, being a good skater.
29. What do the underlined words “Safe! Safe! Safe!” probably mean
A. Be careful! B. Well done! C. No way! D. Don't worry!
【解析】根据画线词后文“And that's what mattered—landing tricks, being a good skater. (那才是真正重要的——滑板的落地技巧掌握了才是一名好的滑板玩家)”可知，作者掌握了滑板落地技巧，因此他的朋友大声欢呼，因此可以推出本句的Safe是赞美的含义。
(2021全国I卷B篇)
While I tend to buy a lot of books, these three were given to me as gifs, which might add to the meaning I attach to them. But I imagine that, while money is indeed wonderful and necessary, rereading an author’s work is the highest currency a reader can pay them. The best books are the ones that open further as time passes. But remember, it’s you that has to grow and read and reread in order to better understand your friends.
26. What does the underlined word “currency” in paragraph 4 refer to
A. Debt. B. Reward.
C. Allowance. D. Face value.
【解析】根据最后一段中“while money is indeed wonderful and necessary,(虽然金钱确实是美妙而必要的)”可知，前后句为转折关系，根据上下文的语境可推知，“rereading an author’s work is the highest currency a reader can pay them.”意为“但是但重新阅读作品是读者能支付给他们的最高回报”，由此判断出划线词的意思是“回报”。
(2020全国II卷C篇)
Nutria were brought there from Argentina by fur farmers and let go into the wild. “The ecosystem down there can’t handle this non-native species(物种). It’s destroying the environment. It’s them or us." says Michael Massimi, an expert in this field.
The fur trade kept nutria check for decades，but when the market for nutria collapsed in the late 1980s, the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy.
30. What does the underlined word “collapsed” in paragraph 5 probably mean
A. Boomed. B. Became mature.
C. Remained stable. D. Crashed.
【解析】根据第五段The fur trade kept nutria in check for decades, but when the market for nutria collapsed in the late 1980s,the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy. 得知，毛皮贸易使海狸鼠受到了几十年的控制，但是当海狸鼠市场在20世纪80年代末崩溃时，这种猫大小的动物数量疯长，根据but判断，这是转折关系，以前由于皮毛交易，海狸鼠处于控制，现在这种海狸鼠之所以能够数量激增，是由于市场不再销售海狸鼠皮毛导致的，可以推断出划线词collapsed 是和crashed倒闭的意思最相近。
(2020全国III卷B篇)
Yet "Apes" is more exception than the rule. In fact, Hollywood has been hot on live animals lately. One nonprofit organization, which monitors the treatment or animals in filmed entertainment, is keeping tabs on more than 2,000 productions this year. Already, a number of films, including "Water for Elephants," "The Hangover Part Ⅱ" and "Zookeeper," have drawn the anger of activists who say the creatures acting in them haven’t been treated properly.
26. What does the underlined phrase "keeping tabs on" in paragraph 3 probably mean
A. Listing completely. B. Directing professionally.
C. Promoting successfully. D. Watching carefully.
【解析】根据第三段划线前的句子“One nonprofit organization, which monitors the treatment or animals in filmed entertainment”以及下文Already, a number of films, including "Water for Elephants," "The Hangover Part Ⅱ" and "Zookeeper," have drawn the anger of activists who say the creatures acting in them haven’t been treated properly.由此可知，其中一家监控动物待遇的非营利组织，今年正密切关注着2000多部影片。由此判断出，划线词的意思是“密切关注”。
（2020年新课标卷D篇）
According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research, both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake. And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions (份), it’s the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid.
33. What does the underlined word “beanpoles” in paragraph 1 refer to？
A. Big eaters. B. Overweight persons.
C. Picky eaters. D. Tall thin persons.
【解析】由“contrary to（与……相反）”可知，画线词一句与前句意思相反，因此“beanpoles”应该与“heavier people”意思相反，意思是“与现存的研究发现（应该避免和食量大的胖人一起吃饭）相反，你真正需要避开的是胃口大而又高又瘦的人”，故选D项。
I still have a thousand questions as to why I struggled to act. Why did it take me many circles around the mall and an argument with myself I once wavered between helping her and ignoring her. All I know for sure is that while walking toward that woman at the bus stop, a miracle happened.
1. What does the underlined word "wavered" in paragraph 4 probably mean
A. Hesitated. B. Disagreed. C. Balanced. D. Objected.
【解析】根据文章第四段“I still have a thousand questions as to why I struggled to act. Why did it take me many circles around the mall and an argument with myself I once wavered between helping her and ignoring her.（我仍然有几千个问题，关于我为什么会挣扎着采取行动？我为什么会绕着商场几圈，为什么会心里做斗争。我曾经在把帮助她还是忽视她之间犹豫不决。）”中的why struggled to act（为什么会挣扎着是否帮助她）和an argument with myself（会心里斗争）可知，此处表示我一直在内心挣扎是否要去帮助她，故此处的waver与hesitate意思相近，表示犹豫不决，不知道是否应该去帮助她，故选A。
This evidence, which is assumed to occur through a bio-behavioral mechanism, suggests that prevention strategies that target modification of psychological well-being-e. g. optimism-may be a potential avenue for AHA to reach its goal of improving Americans’ cardiovascular health by 20 percent before 2020.
2.What does the underlined word “avenue” in the last paragraph probably mean
A．Danger. B．Approach. C．Ability. D．District.
【解析】根据下文“to reach its goal of improving Americans’ cardiovascular health by 20 percent before 2020.（以实现其在2020年前将美国人心血管健康水平提高20%的目标。）”可知，生物行为机制产生的证据表明以心理健康为目标的预防策略——例如乐观主义——可能是美国心脏协会实现目标的潜在途径。Avenue意为“方法，途径”。故选B。
Five years ago, French navy officer Jér me Chardon was listening to a radio program about the journey of the bar-tailed godwit, a bird that migrates 14,000 kilometers between New Zealand and Alaska. Chardon understood how treacherous the journey would be, as heavy storms frequently hit Pacific island communities. Yet, somehow, bar-tailed godwits routinely pass through the area uninjured. Chardon wondered whether learning how birds traveled could help coastal communities avoid natural disasters.
3. Which of the following best explains the word “treacherous” underlined in paragraph 1
A．Strange. B．Boring.C．Frequent. D．Dangerous.
【解析】根据画线词后“... as heavy storms frequently hit Pacific island communities. Yet, somehow, bar-tailed godwits routinely pass through the area uninjured.”（因为强风暴经常袭击太平洋岛屿社区。然而，不知何故，斑尾塍鹬经常毫发无损地穿过这片区域）可知，画线词的意思与Dangerous的意思最为接近，即：这段旅程很危险，故选D。
But he’s nervous. “I’m here to tell you today why you should … should…” Chris trips on the“-ld,”a pronunciation difficulty for many non-native English speakers. His teacher, Thomas Whaley, is next to him, whispering support. “…Vote for …me …” Except for some stumbles, Chris is doing amazingly well. When he brings his speech to a nice conclusion, Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him.
4. What does the underlined word “stumbles” in paragraph 2 refer to
A. Improper pauses. B. Bad manners. C. Spelling mistakes. D. Silly jokes.
【解析】A根据第二段to tell you today why you should … should … Chris trips on the …可知Chris因为紧张，演讲时说话有点磕巴，故此处stumbles指不恰当的停顿。
Traditionally, recycling plants break down materials for reuse in similar products-like melting down plastic to make more plastic things. Sahajwalla’s invention advances this idea by taking materials from an old product and creating something different. “The kids don’t look like the parents,” she says. Sahajwalla refers to this process as “the fourth R,” adding “re -form” to the common phrase “reduce, reuse, recycle”.
10.What does “re-form” in Paragraph 3 refer to according to Sahajwalla
A.Extracting materials from the waste.
B.Generating new materials with waste.
C.Updating the whole recycling process.
D.Transforming waste into similar products.
【解析】根据上文“Sahajwalla’s invention advances this idea by taking materials from an old product and creating something different.(Sahajwalla的发明通过从旧产品中提取材料并创造出不同的东西来推进这一想法。)”可知，Sahajwalla将这一过程称为“第四个R”，即在“减少、再利用、再循环”的基础上再加上“重组”。由此可推知，re-form指的是“用废物产生新材料”。故选B。
Last year, after a winter of practicing skiing on the green tracks for beginners each week, Alicia was french-frying her way down blues and even attempted her first black. That month also witnessed me visiting the mountain more times than in the 15 years combined and I’ve got myself a partner for life.
......
What does the father imply by saying “I’ve got myself a partner for life.”
A．It is rewarding to learn new skills.
B．Skiing has become his lifelong hobby.
C．He will explore more with his daughter.
D．His daughter will accompany him forever.
【解析】根据第二段“Watching your kids learn new skills is extraordinarily rewarding, but I’ve experienced more personal growth than I have at any other point in my life.”（看着你的孩子学习新技能是非常值得的，但我经历的个人成长比我生命中其他任何时候都要多。）以及划线句前“Last year, after a winter of practicing skiing on the green tracks for beginners each week, Alicia was french-frying her way down blues and even attempted her first black. That month also witnessed me visiting the mountain more times than in the 15 years combined ”（去年，艾丽西亚在为初学者准备的绿色雪道上练习了一个冬天的滑雪之后，她在蓝色中级雪道一路摸索，甚至尝试了她的第一个黑色钻石雪道。那个月我去山上的次数比过去15年的总和还多）可知，孩子在探索的同时，我也在探索。所以划线句的意思是他将和女儿一起探索更多。故选C。
The word “breakfast” comes from “breaking the fast” — the idea of ending the period in which we didn’t eat during the night. The regeneration process that takes place while we sleep consumes some of our natural food reserves to heal our bodies. Breakfast gives us an opportunity to replenish those depleted (耗尽的) stores of things like protein and calcium. So, in that way, a healthy breakfast makes sense.
2．What does the underlined word “replenish” mean in Paragraph 2
A．Set aside. B．Deal with. C．Make up for. D．Run out of.
【解析】根据划线词上文“The regeneration process that takes place while we sleep consumes some of our natural food reserves to heal our bodies. (在我们睡觉时进行的再生过程会消耗一些我们的天然食物储备来治愈我们的身体。)”以及后文“those depleted (耗尽的) stores of things like protein and calcium (那些耗尽的蛋白质和钙等物质的储存)”可知，早餐让我们有机会补充那些减少的蛋白质和钙等物质。故划线词意思是“补充、弥补”。故选C。
It’s easy to see why someone who cares about people, planet and animals, as well as clothes, might turn to natural plant dyeing. From the beauty of the raw materials-often wild plants-to the property of only bonding with natural fiber like cotton and linen, from the minor footprint of upclycling old clothing that has grayed or faded over time to the vibrant and long-lasting dyeing results, plant dyeing feels like a quiet act of rebellion. This is why, while beginners start with simply changing their clothes’ color, new worlds open. Many of today’s natural dyers grow their own dye plants, run local community workshops, and advocate for change in industrialized fashion systems and beyond.
7．What does the underlined phrase “a quiet act of rebellion” in paragraph 4 refer to
A．A protest against turning to natural fiber.
B．An objection to upcycling old clothing.
C．A struggle for a sustainable fashion industry.
D．A resistance to vibrant colors in natural dyeing.
【解析】根据第四段“It’s easy to see why someone who cares about people, planet and animals, as well as clothes, might turn to natural plant dyeing. From the beauty of the raw materials-often wild plants-to the property of only bonding with natural fiber like cotton and linen, from the minor footprint of upclycling old clothing that has grayed or faded over time to the vibrant and long-lasting dyeing results, plant dyeing feels like a quiet act of rebellion. (很容易理解为什么一个关心人、地球、动物以及衣服的人会转向天然植物染色。从原料的美丽（通常是野生植物）到只与棉花和亚麻等天然纤维结合的特性，从随着时间的推移变灰或褪色的旧衣服的微小足迹到充满活力和持久的染色效果，植物染色感觉就像是a quiet act of rebellion。)”可知，这里是描述指物染色和化学染色不一样，所以它是对化学染色的反抗，是对可持续发展的维护。a quiet act of rebellion的意思应该是“为可持续发展而做的斗争”，和选项C意思一致。故选C。
“Interestingly, this genetic effect on howling occurs only among older dogs (greater than five years) , for which an experience or some age-related personality effect can be a plausible explanation,” says Tamas Farago also from ELTE.
10．What does the underlined word “plausible” in paragraph 5 probably mean
A．Reasonable. B．Creative. C．Surprising. D．Unbelievable.
【解析】根据上文“Interestingly, this genetic effect on howling occurs only among older dogs (greater than five years)(有趣的是，这种对嚎叫的遗传影响只发生在年龄较大的狗身上(大于5岁))”可知，经验或一些与年龄相关的性格影响可能是一个合理的解释，由此可知，plausible意为“合理的”，和A项：Reasonable（合理的）意思一致。故选A。
Some people worry that there’s too much technology in our lives.And they may have a point, given how countless people now carry the internet around in their pocket and use it as a primary form of communication. It’s practically difficult to shun technology in our world. There are computer microchips(微芯片) in our watches, our cars, light switches, even our pets! Where will it end
13．What does the underlined word “shun” in paragraph 1 probably mean
A．Develop. B．Avoid. C．Change. D．Trust.
【解析】划线词句后文“There are computer microchips(微芯片) in our watches, our cars, light switches, even our pets! (我们的手表，汽车，电灯开关，甚至我们的宠物里都有电脑芯片！)”说明电脑芯片在人们日常生活中已经是普遍存在，从而推知划线词句“It’s practically difficult to shun technology in our world. (在我们的世界里，shun科技实际上是很困难的。)”其中划线词汇意思是“回避，不用”。故选B项。
One of the commonest reasons why people are frequently late is that-they fail to accurately judge how long a task will take—something known as the planning fallacy. Research has shown that people on average underestimate the tune to complete a task by a significant 40 percent.
17．What does the underlined word “fallacy” mean in paragrqph3
A．A reasonable argument. B．A mistaken belief.
C．A modest expectation. D．A realistic idea.
【解析】根据第三段中“One of the commonest reasons why people are frequently late is that-they fail to accurately judge how long a task will take”（人们经常迟到的一个最常见的原因是——他们不能准确地判断一项任务需要多长时间）以及“Research has shown that people on average underestimate the tune to complete a task by a significant 40 percent.”（研究表明，人们平均低估了完成一项任务所需时间的40%。）由此可知，此处为这就是所谓的计划谬误。故可猜测划线单词fallacy为“谬论”的意思，结合选项B项A mistaken belief“错误的信念”意思一致。故选B项。
The world’s oceans will likely lose about one-sixth of their fish and other creatures within 100 years if climate change continues on its current path. Every degree Celsius that the world’s oceans warm, their biomass is expected to drop five percent, a study found.
21．What does the underlined word “biomass” in paragraph 1 refer to
A．Ocean temperature. B．Total marine life.
C．Sea condition. D．Ocean level.
【解析】根据划线词前面的句子“The world’s oceans will likely lose about one-sixth of their fish and other creatures within 100 years if climate change continues on its current path. (如果气候继续以目前的方式变化，世界海洋可能会在100年内失去大约六分之一的鱼类和其他生物。)”以及“Every degree Celsius that the world’s oceans warm(全球海洋温度每升高一度)”以及划线词后面的内容“is expected to drop five percent(预计会下降5%)”可知，此处指出随着气候变化的影响，世界海洋中的鱼类和其他生物会失去大约六分之一；由此可知，全球海洋温度每升高一度，海洋中的生物总数预计会下降5%。因此划线词与B选项“Total marine life.( 海洋生物总数。)”为同义词。故选B。
How does a hug deliver such a remarkable effect so quickly Touch is a powerful means of communication and a great way to relieve the response to stress. Through touch, a person’s intention is readily discernible–you can tell comfort from potential harm easily. In the positive mode, hugs are one type of touch that relays the message: “I care about you. You matter.”
28．What does the underlined word “discernible” mean in paragraph 2
A．Complex. B．Evident. C．Abstract. D．Varied.
【解析】根据划线词后半句“you can tell comfort from potential harm easily. (你可以很容易地分辨出舒适和潜在的伤害。)”可知，从积极的模式中，人们很容易辨别出安慰。所以discernible为“可辨别的”之意。故选B。
During the broadcasts and for five minutes thereafter, they videoed the owls. After analysis, the results were unequivocal. When they heard both the bat buzzing and the bee buzzing, the owls moved as far from the speakers as they could. In contrast, when the non-buzzing bat sounds were played, they crept closer.
34．What does the underlined word “unequivocal” in paragraph 5 possibly mean
A．Disappointing. B．Controversial. C．Definite. D．Uncertain.
【解析】根据第五段中划线词句后文“When they heard both the bat buzzing and the bee buzzing, the owls moved as far from the speakers as they could. In contrast, when the non-buzzing bat sounds were played, they crept closer. (当他们同时听到蝙蝠和蜜蜂的嗡嗡声时，猫头鹰们尽可能地远离扬声器。相比之下，当播放没有嗡嗡声的蝙蝠声时，它们会慢慢靠近。)”等内容可知，实验的结果肯定了Russo的假设。从而推知划线词句“After analysis, the results were unequivocal. (经过分析，结果是unequivocal。)”其中划线词汇意思是“肯定的”。故选C项。
Brennan knows that solo kayaking is not for everyone and she’s not reckless. Brennan grew up on a lake and was a strong swimmer and boater from an early age. When going through rough rapids, she watches the weather carefully. She is cautious about where she camps and who is around her. She has packed up her gear and headed back out on the river when she has felt unsafe.
38．What does the underlined word “reckless” in paragraph 4 mean
A．Cautious. B．Fearless. C．Ambitious. D．Thoughtless.
【解析】根据划线词下文“Brennan grew up on a lake and was a strong swimmer and boater from an early age. When going through rough rapids, she watches the weather carefully. She is cautious about where she camps and who is around her. She has packed up her gear and headed back out on the river when she has felt unsafe.(布伦南在湖边长大，从小就擅长游泳和划船。在穿越险滩时，她会仔细观察天气。她对自己的营地和周围的人都很谨慎。当她感到不安全时，她会收拾好装备，回到河上)”可知，布伦南非常谨慎，并不鲁莽。由此可知，划线词reckless与thoughtless“轻率的，欠考虑的”意思接近。故选D。
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