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8A 比较级和最高级
I．形容词和副词的基本概念：
绝大多数形容词、副词都有三种形式：原级、比较级和最高级
原级：many、good、little
比较级：more、better、less
最高级：most、best、least
形容词、副词的作用：表示说明的性质状态在程度上的不同。
当简单表达事物的性质和状态时，用形容词副词的原级和基本句型结构来表达。
当要对事物做出比较时，就要用到它们的比较级和最高级，以及他们相对应的句型。
II．形容词和副词比较级
1.变化规则：
规则变化：
(1) 单音节和部分双音节形容词和副词,在原级的后面加上er,est构成比较级和最高级。
情况 构成方法 原级 比较级 最高级
一般情况 加-er或-est new long newer longer newest longest
以不发音e 结尾的词 加-r或-st fine late finer later finest latest
以“辅音+y” 结尾的词 变y为i再加-er 或-est early happy earlier happier earliest happiest
重读闭音节 先双写辅音字母，再加-er或-est hot thin hotter thinner hottest thinnest
(2) 两个音节或两个以上的音节的,在原级前加more / most.
原级 比较级 最高级
useful(有用的) more useful most useful
difficult(困难的) more difficult most difficult
delicious （美味的） more delicious most delicious
2、不规则变化 (两好两坏两多一少一老一远)
原级 比较级 最高级
good好的 better更好的 best最好的
well好；(身体)好的
bad,badly糟糕的,糟糕地 worse更糟糕的,更糟糕地；(身体)更不舒服的 worst最糟糕的,最糟糕地；(身体)最不舒服的
ill(身体)不舒服的
many许多的(可数) more更多的；更 most最多的；最
much许多的(不可数)；非常
little少的 less更少的 least最少的
far远的；远地 farther更远的；更远地 farthest最远的；最远地
further进一步的(地) furthest最深刻的(地)
注意：
形容词older/elder和oldest/eldest的用法区别：
区别：elder与eldest主要用于表明长幼关系，通常用于人，只做定语不做表语，也不与than连用。
This is my eldest son. 这是我的大儿子。
His elder brother works in a clothing factory. 他哥哥在一家服装厂工作。
形容词farther/further和farthest/furthest的用法区别：
表示距离时，四个词都可用。
I can throw much farther/further than you. 我可以比你扔得更远。
What’s the farthest/furthest distance you’ve ever run 你跑过最远的距离是多少？
如果用于引申义，表“更进一步”、“更多”、“此外”等义，只能用further。
We’ll further discuss it. 我们会进一步讨论它。
II.形容词原级用法
肯定句：A+ 谓语+ as+ adj/adv 原级+ as + B ：表示“A和B一样…… ”
有时也可同the same…as…作同义句转换，但是而the same…as中间则是名词。
eg: Tom is as tall as Bob./ He does his homework as carefully as Tom.
否定句：A+ 谓语否定形式（not）+ as（so）+ adj/adv 原级+ as + B 表示“A不如B……”
否定形式可用比较级进行句型转换。
Tom is not as/so tall as Bob.= Bob is taller than Tom.
A+ 谓语+（倍数）+ as+ adj/adv 原级+ as + B ：表示“A是B的几倍…… ”
This apple is threes times as big as that one. 这个苹果是那个苹果的三倍。
常考的as…as的短语：as soon as possible\ as soon as you can：尽可能地快
as well as和…一样好\ 也，又
修饰原级的词：very、too、so、enough、rather、quite等修饰。
The book is quite cheap.
III.比较级用法
① 比较级用于两者进行比较，，结构为“A is 比较级 than B”。
e.g: 1. My bike is more beautiful than hers.我的自行车比她的漂亮。
2. He works harder than before. 他工作比以前努力。
② 表示两者之间选择，用“which/who is 比较级，A or B？”
表示“两者之间较……之一”时，用“the + 比较级+of the two”
表示倍数关系时，用“倍数+比较级+ than…”
e.g:1. Which is nearer to the sun, the moon or the earth 哪个离太阳更近，月球还是地球？
2. He is the thinner of the two. 他是两人中较瘦的那个。
3. This apple is threes times bigger than that one.
③ “越来越……”用“比较级and 比较级”结构，多音节和部分双音节词用“more and more 原级”。
e.g: 1. The weather is becoming colder and colder. 天气变得越来越冷了。
2. She is becoming more and more beautiful. 她变得越来越美了。
④ 表示“越……越……”时，用“the+比较级，the+比较级”结构。
e.g: The more careful you are, the more points you will get. 你越细心，得分越多。
⑥ 比较级 前可用much、even、far、a bit、a little 等来修饰；
The girl is much more beautiful.
The boy is much taller. (切记不能用more来修饰比较级，more本身的构成多音节形容词的比较级)
Exercise1：
( )1.– Did you have a wonderful time at the party Comment by 229651265@: D
– Yes, it’s ________ one I’ve ever been to before.
A. a more excited B. a more exciting
C. the most excited D. the most exciting
( )2.Listening is just as _______ as speaking in language ment by 229651265@: A
A. important B. more important C. most important D. the most important
( )3.– Hi, Kate. You are riding a bike today.
– Yes. Driving a car to school every day makes me much ment by 229651265@: B
A. fat B. fatter C. thin D. thinner
( )4.After the rebuilding our school is becoming ment by 229651265@: A
A. more and more beautiful B. more beautiful and beautiful
C. beautiful and beautiful D. the more beautiful
( )5.– Is your grandpa better now
– Er, in fact, things are _________ . Doctors are trying their ment by 229651265@: D
A. going bad B. getting ill C. going worst D. getting worse
( )6. This morning Jack came to school _____ than _____ student in his ment by 229651265@: D
A. much late; any B. much late; any other
C. much later; any D. much later; any other
( )7.– How do you like banana milk shake
– I love it. I like it ________ than ment by 229651265@: B
A. very much B. even better C. a little D. much less
( )8. He doesn’t play the violin so as his ment by 229651265@: C
A. good B. better C. well D. best
IV.最高级用法
① 表示三者及以上人或物进行比较时用最高级，结构为“the + 最高级+in/of + 范围”。
e.g: 1. The picture is the best of all. 这幅画是所有画中最好的。
2. She is the most beautiful girl in the class. 她是班上最美的女孩。
② 表示在三者及以上之间选择，用“which/who is the+最高级，A, B or C？”。
e.g: Who is the tallest, Tom, Kate or Bill 汤姆、凯特、比尔，谁最高？
③ 表示“最……之一”用“one of the最高级+可数名词复数”。
e.g: She is one of the most popular teachers in our school. 她是我们学校最受欢迎的老师之一。
④ 形容词最高级前面加序数词the+序数词+最高级，表示“表示某个范围内在第几”。
e.g: She is the second tallest girl in our class. 她是我班上第二高的女孩。
⑤ 比较级和最高级之间的互换
“比任何一个都…” “形容词的比较级+than any other+单数名词”(范围内)
可以与最高级进行互换
“形容词的比较级+ than any+单数名词”（范围外）
He is taller than any other boy in our class.
= He is taller than the other boys in our class.
= He is the tallest boy in our class.
注意比较以下两个句子：
Shanghai is larger than any other city in China.（范围之内）
Shanghai is larger than any city in Japan.（范围之外）
注：①形容词的最高级前面一般要加定冠词the，但当形容词最高级前有物主代词或名词所有格等修饰词时，则不用定冠词the。
This is my busiest day. 这是我最忙的一天.
②避免重复的用法
The weather in Beijing is colder than Shanghai. ( )
The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Shanghai. ( )
总结：常用________指代单数名词，________指代复数名词。
Exercise: Comment by 229651265@: ADCBC DBA
( )1. Beijing, the capital of China, is one of __________ cities in the world.
A. the biggest B. bigger C. much bigger D. big
( )2. I think Bob is the suitable person to take the job because he can do the work well with_________ money and _________ people.
A. less; less B. less; more C. more; fewer D. less; fewer
( )3. – What is your favourite sport
– Swimming, I think. It’s _____ of all.
A. easier B. more difficult C. the most interesting D. the most boring
( )4. Sometimes walking is even ________ than driving during the busy traffic time.
A. fast B. faster C. slow D. slower
( )5. – Which province is the ________ one in winter
– It should be Hainan Province, I think.
A. coldest B. hotter C. warmest D. cooler
( )6. – What’ s the low-carbon life-style like .
– Save energy, produce carbon.
A. more; more B. less; more C. less, less D. more; less
( )7. – Remember this, John, ______ careful you are, _______ mistakes you will make.
– Thanks, Miss Rose
A. the more; the less B. the more; the fewer
C. the less; the fewer D. the more; the more
( )8. Now we are glad to say that the air in Changde is much ______ than it was before.
A. better B. worse C. colder D. warmer
二、用所给词的适当形式填空
1. This film is one of_the most exciting_ (exciting) films this year.
2. The jeans on the shelf are as_expensive_ (expensive) as those in the window.
3. Our country is becoming_stronger_ and_stronger_ (strong)
4. Of the two students, Tom is_the more careful_ (careful).
5. The sick boy doesn't feel any_better_ (well). He feels even_worse_ (ill).
6. Who is_funnier_ (funny), the boy or the girl
7. It's a lot_windier_ (wind) today than yesterday.
8._The more_ (many) friends you make, _the happier_ (happy) you'll feel.
9. Tom is the second_fattest_ (fat) in our class.
过关练习：
一、写出以下形容词与副词的比较级与最高级
nice－ － ； thick－ － ；
small－ － ； fine－ － ；
hot－ － ； heavy－ － ；
slowly－ － ； carefully－ － ；
far－ － ； little－ － ；
beautiful－ － ； careful－ － ；
二、单项选择
( )1.It is not so _______as it was yesterday, so there are _______people walking in the park today. Comment by Sky123.Org: C
A. cold;fewer B. warm;less C. cold;more D. warm;most
( ) 2. In North America, _______meat eaters are bears and mountain lions. They eat smaller animals such as rabbits and ment by Sky123.Org: D
A.smallest B. the smallest C. largest D. the largest
( ) 3. Bob often says that swimming is _______than hiking in reducing weight, but he Comment by Sky123.Org: C
always spends more time on swimming.
A.more useful B. less interesting
C. less useful D.more interesting
( ) 4. Of the two shirts, I'd choose_______one to save some money for a ment by Sky123.Org: B
A. cheaper B. the cheaper C. more expensive D. the more
( ) 5. I know Maths is not _______ ment by Sky123.Org: A
A. so easy as B. as easily as C. more easier than D. as easier as
( ) 6. Your hometown is really nice! The air quality is as good as ______ of ment by Sky123.Org: C
A. it B. one C. that D. the one
( ) 7. With the development of modern industry, there will be _______living space for wild ment by Sky123.Org: B
A. fewer and fewer B. less and less
C. more and more D. bigger and bigger
( ) 8. -The stuntman is planning to walk on the wings of a flying ment by Sky123.Org: A
-What I've never heard of _______idea before.
A. a crazier B. the crazier C. a craziest D. the craziest
( ) 9. -Compared with that film, this one is_______ but ment by Sky123.Org: A
-I see, and I will see that one this evening.
A. longer, as good B. long; good C. longest, best D. long; so good
( ) 10. -How do you like the piece of music Water by Tan Dun Comment by Sky123.Org: B
-Wonderful! It’s the _______one I’ve ever listened to.
A. better B.best C. worse D.worst
( ) 11. No wonder Kobe Bryant is one of the best players. He practices _______than his ment by Sky123.Org: B
A. more hardly B. much harder C. much hardly D. more harder
( ) 12. -What do you think of his teaching Comment by Sky123.Org: C
-Oh, no one teaches _______.
A. good B. well C. better D. best
( ) 13. Lucy’s pen is _______nicer than ment by Sky123.Org: D
A. too B. more C. quite D. a little
( ) 14. Lisa was still very weak when she left hospital.But after a week’s rest, she felt much ______and went back to ment by Sky123.Org: B
A.good B.better C.bad D.worse
( )15. India has the second_______population in the ment by Sky123.Org: D
A. big B. most C. large D. largest
三、适当形式填空
1. Our country is becoming___________ and___________ (strong) Comment by Sky123.Org: stronger; stronger
2. Of the two students, Tom is______________ (careful). He made fewer mistakes in the ment by Sky123.Org: the more careful
3. The sick boy doesn't feel any___________ (well). He feels even___________ (ment by Sky123.Org: better; worse
4. Who is___________ (funny), the boy or the girl Comment by Sky123.Org: funnier
5.___________ (many) friends you make, ___________ (happy) you'll ment by Sky123.Org: The more; the happier
6. The girl tried her best, but she got ____________（少）ment by Sky123.Org: less
7. Jane’s silk blouse feels far （光滑）than the cotton one． Comment by Sky123.Org: smoother
8. The exam is much (easy) than we expected. Great! Comment by Sky123.Org: easier
9. Now the price of chicken is much___________（低）because of the bird ment by Sky123.Org: lower
10. February has the ___________（少）days in a year.
四、翻译句子
1.第九题比第十二题难多了。 Comment by Sky123.Org: Question9 is much more difficult than Question12.
_____________________________________________________________________________
2.在考试中你越细心，犯的错误就越少。 Comment by Sky123.Org: The more careful you are in the exam, the fewer mistakes you will make.
_____________________________________________________________________________
3.因为他比我聪明，所以我不得不比平常更加努力学习。 Comment by Sky123.Org: I have to study harder than usual, because he is cleverer than I.
_____________________________________________________________________________
4.这个苹果似乎是篮子里面最大的。
_____________________________________________________________________________
综合练习
一、单项选择
( )1. After we visited Palace Museum, we went to Beihai ment by Sky123.Org: B
A. the; the B. the;/ C. /;/ D. /;the
( ) 2. fun we have with each other at ment by Sky123.Org: B
A. How; to chat B. What; chatting
C. What; to chat D. How; chatting
( ) 3. a car less time than taking a ment by Sky123.Org: C
A. Drive; takes B. To drive; spends
C. Driving; takes D. To driving; spends
( ) 4. - it is! Comment by Sky123.Org: B
-Yes. We’d better not play baseball today.
A. How bad weather; / B. what bad weather; /
C. How a bad weather; the D. What a bad weather; the
( ) 5.I hope you me with my ment by Sky123.Org: A
A. can help B. to help C. help D. helping
( ) 6. a book in her hand, our Chinese teacher came into the ment by Sky123.Org: C
A. There is B. Be C. With D. Has
( ) 7. the number of the students in your school Comment by Sky123.Org: B
A. How many are B. What's C. What are D. How much is
( )8. Would you like to buy the new book Mo Yan Comment by Sky123.Org: C
A. for B. like C. by D. to
( ) 9. I can't ment by Sky123.Org: A
A. which to choose B. to choose which
C. how to choose D. to choose what
( ) 10. I still like those good old songs I often listened to myself in my spare ment by Sky123.Org: C
A. enjoy B. enjoying C. to enjoy D. enjoyed
( ) 11. - does your father reading newspapers every day Comment by Sky123.Org: D
-About an hour.
A. How often; spend B. How long; cost
C. How soon; pay D. How long; spend
( ) 12. the watermelon in the fridge for a while can make it ment by Sky123.Org: A
A. Keeping; taste B. To keep; to taste
C. Keep; taste D. Keeping; to taste
三、句型转换
1. The boy on the left is Peter.（对画线部分提问）
_______ _______ is Peter Comment by Sky123.Org: Which boy
2. Li Lei is the tallest boy in his class.（同义句转换）
Li Lei is _________ than _________ _________ boy in his ment by Sky123.Org: taller; any other
3. This film is more interesting than that one.（同义转换）
That film isn’t ________ __________ ________ this ment by Sky123.Org: as interesting as
4. Everything will be all right in a few days.（对划线部分提问）
will everything be all right Comment by Sky123.Org: How soon
5. Jane arrived here earlier than the other two girls.(同义句)
Jane arrived here__________ ________the three girls.
6. This bridge is 100 metres long. That bridge is 150 metres long.(合并句子)
This bridge is__________ ________ that bridge.
四、动词填空 Comment by Sky123.Org: fixing
1. She had some problems_______ (fix) this machine just now.
2. -Why didn't you watch Running Man on TV Comment by Sky123.Org: was making
-I________ (make) up the music for the coming School Art Festival.
3. -I can’t believe you’ve sold me such a terrible camera. I want my money ment by Sky123.Org: wasn’t listening
-I (listen), madam. Can you just slow down and tell me what s wrong
4. (print) your report out, you only need to clink on that icon. Comment by Sky123.Org: To print
5. She _________ (feel) happy if she can make other people happy. Comment by Sky123.Org: Will feel
五、完形填空 Comment by Sky123.Org: A 2.C 3.B 4.D 5.B 6.C 7.B 8.A 9.D 10.C 11.A 12.B 13.D 14.C 15.A
I still remember my kindergarten（幼儿园）teacher, Mrs. White. She looked just like Snow
White, 1 she had the same bright eyes and short dark hair.
We used to 2 a lot. And I would show what I wrote to Mrs. White for correction （批改）. She would look at my writing and see many mistakes in it. But she 3 made any red correction and she always gave a star. I was feeling 4 of my writing each time I got a star. But it 5 my mother. So one day, when she met Mrs. White at a parent-teacher meeting, Mum asked her why she never corrected my 6 and why she never said no to her child.
Mrs. White said, “The children are just beginning to get 7 about using words. Spelling and grammar can wait. We can’t 8 that interest with a red pen.” As it was a long time ago, my mother could only remember the main idea of 9 Mrs. White said about my writing. However,
I grew up learning to use words with loving care and 10 like that.
If Mrs. White had used her red pen more often, I 11 wouldn’t be telling you about this now. Whenever I look back on those encouraging 12 from Mrs. White, I feel they just look 13 real ones in the night sky—bright, shiny, and guiding me on my way somewhere, I do believe she was such a 14 teacher, who tried to use a red pen less to keep the joy, wonder and excitement in a child’s 15 .
Thanks to Mrs. White, I have no fear about writing. Also, I’m not afraid of any mistakes in my life!
( ) 1. A. because B. though C. if D. but
( ) 2. A. run B. cry C. write D. Speak
( ) 3. A. always B. never C. often D. sometimes
( ) 4. A. lonely B. tired C. helpless D. proud
( ) 5. A. protected B. worried C. pleased D. attracted
( ) 6. A. spirits B. designs C. mistakes D. messages
( ) 7. A. nervous B. excited C. afraid D. bored
( ) 8. A. stop B. keep C. save D. show
( ) 9. A. that B. when C. which D. what
( ) 10. A. sadness B. fear C. confidence D. pains
( ) 11. A. probably B. gently C. hardly D. luckily
( ) 12. A. dreams B. stars C. gifts D. pens
( ) 13. A. at B. through C. for D. like
( ) 14. A. careless B. strict C. wonderful D. common
( ) 15. A. mind B. hand C. arms D. eyes

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