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8A祈使句和情态动词
祈使句
I. 句型：
1.肯定 例句
① 动词原形+其它 Stand up, please. = Please stand up.
② Be + n./adj. Be careful! = Look out! = Take care!
③ Let+宾语+动词原形+其它 Let me help you.
2.否定 例句
① Don't (Never)+动词原形 Don't do that again. Never leave today’s work to tomorrow.
② Don't (Never)+ be + n./adj. Don’t be afraid.
③ Don't + let+宾语+动词原形+其它 Let+宾语+ not+动词原形+其它 Don’t let them play with fire. =Let them not play with fire.
④ “No+-ing”,表示禁止性的祈使句 No parking!
注意：祈使句表条件：“祈使句+and(or)+陈述句” 意思上相当于一个含条件状语从句的复句。
Drink too much, and you will damage your health.
=_______________________________________________________.
Work hard, or you will fail the exam.
=_______________________________________________________.
II. 祈使句的回答
( ) 1. -Please don’t tell others about my story, Simon.
-______. I will keep it secret.
A. No, I won’t B. Sorry, I will C. OK, I will D. Yes, I won’t
( ) 2.-Please don’t smoke here. Look at the sign. -______.
A. No, I will. B. Yes, I will C. Sorry, I will D. Sorry, I won’t
( ) 3.-Let's go and play badminton, ______
-That's a good idea.
A. will you B. do you C. shall we D. won't we
( )4. -Tom, keep quiet. Your dad is sleeping.
-______, mum.
A. Yes, I won’t. B. No, I will. C. Sorry, I will. D. Sorry, I won’t.
总结：祈使句的回答用____________时态，且别人让你做你__________，别人不让你做你__________。
情态动词
I. can (could)
1) 表示能力。指有能力做某事，“能够”，可与be able to转换。
She can speak English but she can’t speak Spanish.
He could write poems when he was 10.
2) 表示请求或许可，“可否”、“可以”常在口语中。
Can I smoke here Yes, you can. / No, you can’t.
You can’t pick flowers in the park.
注意：could表示请求，语气较委婉，主要用于疑问句，答语应用can
Could I come to see you tomorrow Yes, you can. / No, I’m afraid not.
3) can’t在否定句中常常译为“不可能”。
Where can/could that noise be coming from
The man under the tree can’t be Mr. Smith. He’s gone to England.
II. may (might)
①.表示许可，用于请求或征得对方的许可。比can正式。
You may go now.
疑问句中，might比 may语气更委婉。否定回答时可用can’t 或mustn’t，“不可以”，“禁止”。
-May/Might I smoke in this room -Certainly. / Sure./ Of course. /No, you mustn’t.
-May/Might I take this book out of the room -Yes, you may. (No, you can’t / mustn’t.)
②.表示祝愿，may放在句首，通常是用May +S+V。
May we never forget each other! 愿我们彼此永不相忘！
③.表推测，may/might多用来表示把握性不大的，“也许”、“可能”，might比may的把握性更小一些。may not在否定句中常常译为“可能不”。
Mr. Wang may know Professor Li’s telephone number.
She might not come this afternoon.
III. must
①.表示义务，“必须”、“一定要”。是说话人的主观看法。
You must come on time. The meeting is very important.
②.表推测，must多用于肯定句中表示把握性极大的猜测，“一定”、“肯定”。如：
The book must be his, because his name is on the cover.
③.mustn’t表示禁止和批评，“决不能”、“禁止”。
You mustn’t touch the kettle. It’s hot!
注意：回答以must提问的句子，用以下形式作答。
Must we clean all the rooms Yes, you must. / No, you___________. / No, you___________.
must和have to表示“必须”时，注意以下区别。
A. must表示的是说话人的主观看法，而have to则往往强调客观需要。
The play is not interesting. I really___________go now.
My brother was very ill, so I ___________call the doctor in the middle of the night.
B. must一般只表现在，have to有更多时态形式。
过去式：__________ 将来式：___________
C. 否定意义大不同：must not“禁止”，表示说话人强有力的劝告；don’t have to “不必”
You mustn’t tell him about it.
You don’t have to tell him about it.
IV. need 半情态动词
①.need作为情态动词，主要用于否定句、疑问句，意为“必要”。
You needn’t come so early.
②.need作实义动词，有时态、人称和数的变化。
他需要今天把工作完成。 He needs to finish the work today.
否定句 _________________________________
一般疑问句 _________________________________
V. shall (should)
①.用于第一人称(I, we)的疑问句，表示征求对方的意见。
-Shall I clean the room for you -Yes, please. / No, thank you.
②.should“应该”，常用来表示劝告、建议。
We should obey traffic rules.
过关练习：
一、动词填空
1.-Why are you in such a hurry -_________(get) home to prepare the supper for my son.
2._________(catch) the earliest bus, she got up earlier than usual.
3._________(keep) the fruit salad in the fridge for a while can make it taste nicer.
4._________(get) off in advance as the radio told you.
5._________(click) on the "Back" icon and you can start a new programme.
6._________(keep) the salad in the fridge for a while can make it taste nicer.
7._________(stop) more accidents, you’d better slow down the driving speed.
8._________(take) your coat because it’s cold outside.
9._________(hope) you will have a wonderful time in Sanya and remember to take some photos.
10._________(take) a GPS will make it easier for you to visit a strange place.
11._________(chat) with others on the Internet wastes too much time.
12._________(raise) more money for the homeless kids, our school is preparing to hold a charity show.
二、单项选择
( ) 1.-Could I look at your photos taken in the Summer Palace
-Yes, of course you ______.
A. may B. can C. could D. must
( ) 2. Travelers on planes______carry knives because it is against the rules.
A. mustn’t B. couldn’t C. won’t D. needn’t
( ) 3. -It’s nice of you to invite Lily to my birthday party.
-Well, Lily______come. She is not certain whether her mother will allow her to.
A. might not B. can’t C. won’t D. mustn’t
( )4. A hard-working man may not become a great scientist, but a great scientist ______be a hard-working man.
A. can B. might C. need D. must
( )5.It’s already 10 p.m. He______be in his office. He______be at home.
A. can, can’t B. mustn’t, must C. can’t, must D. mustn’t, can
( )6. -Who’s that man over there Is it Mr. Wang
-It ______him. He has gone abroad and won’t come back until next week.
A. can be B. can’t be C. mustn’t be D. needn’t be
( )7. -What does Justin Bieber’s song Never Say Never impress you most
-It tells us that we______do almost anything if we never give up.
A. can B. have to C. should D. need
( )8. For the safety of all the passengers, objects like guns, knives or fireworks______be carried onto trains, planes or coaches.
A. may B. needn’t C. should D. mustn’t
综合练习
一、单项选择
( ) 1.He came _______ first in the race. I think you can’t find _______ better runner.
A. the; the B. /; a C. the; a D. /; the
( ) 2.What's the _______ of the building -It's 236 metres_______.
A. high; high B. height; height C. high; height D. height; high
( ) 3.The price of the boots _______ than before.
A. is more lower B. are more cheaper C. is much lower D. are much cheaper
( ) 4. The number of the cranes is getting _______. If we don’t help them, they will disappear ______a few ment by Sky123.Org: D
A. fewer and fewer, in B. larger and larger, after
C. more and more, after D. smaller and smaller, in
( ) 5. -Do you enjoy the meal I cooked for you, Tom Comment by Sky123.Org: C
-Yes. It can’t be _______.
A. good B. best C. better D. worse
( )6. Students do not have enough books. Would you please _______ones here
A. to bring another three B. take more three
C. to take three other D. bring three more
( ) 7. -He's never late for school, _______he
-_______. He sometimes can't get up on time.
A. isn't; No, he isn't B. is; Yes, he is.
C. isn't; Yes, he isn't D. is; No, he isn't.
( )8. Everything comes to life when spring_______.
A. reaches B. gets C. gets to D. arrives
( ) 9. As we all know, playing _______chess is usually _______one-to-one game.
A. a; a B. /; a C. /; an D. the; a
( ) 10. Bob skates _______than I, but he doesn’t skate _______my brother.
A .better; so good as B .better; so well as
C .worse; as good as D. worse; as well as
( )11.I’ll take _______ of the two dresses. It’s much cheaper.
A. smaller B. the smaller C. the smallest D. smallest
( ) 12. -Hey, guys. Do you often have a good time _______ after-school activities
-Of course, we do. And we always have a lot of time _______soccer.
A. to do; to practice B. doing; practicing
C. to do; practicing D. doing; to practice
( ) 13. _______great fun it is _______with you!
A. What, to play B. How, playing C. What a, playing D. How, to play
( ) 14. -_______great fun we have _______ English!
-Yes. I can be _______ at it this way.
A. How; to learn; good B. How; learning; well
C. What; to learn; better D. What; learning; better
( ) 15. -_______ the number of the teachers in our school ---______200.
A. How many are; There are B. How much is; There is
C. What’s; There is D. What’s; It’s
( ) 16. -Tom, keep _______your bedroom until you make it _______.
-Ok, mum.
A. clean, tidy B. clean, tidy up C. cleaning, tidy D. cleaning, tidy up
( ) 17. -Do you believe what he _______about his best friend
-Yes, he never _______lies.
A. talks, tells B. says, tells C. talks, says D. says, talks
( ) 18. -What do you think of the question
-I find it quite _______. I can find out the answer _______.
A. easy; easy B. easily; easily C. easily; easy D. easy; easily
( ) 19. Sanya is bigger than ______in Hainan and bigger than ______in China.
A. any city, any city B. any city, any other city
C. any other city, the other cities D. any other city, any city
( ) 20. -The drama series Tiger Mother, Cat Dad is popular recently. How do you like it
-_______.
A. I think so. B. Pretty good. C. All right. D. That’s all right.
二、句型转换
1. Jim is 10 years old. Lucy is 13 years old. (改为同义句)
Jim is ______ ______ ______ ______Lucy.
2. - ______does the steel bridge weigh （提问）
-About 90,000 tons.
3. Tom's desk is tidier than any other student's in his class. (同义句转换)
Tom’s desk is ______one in his class.
4. He won't stay here for more than two days. (同义句转换)
He will stay here for ______two days.
5. Follow the instructions. (改为反义疑问句)
Follow the instructions, ______ ______
6. The Eiffel Tower is about 325 meters high.（提问）
______ the ______ of the Eiffel Tower
Homework：阅读
One day I went to a store with a list. “Excuse me,” I said. A lady with glasses looked up, saying, “I’m Miss e closer and let me look at you. I want to be able to describe you to the police if something is missing from the store.”
“I’m only a little girl, not a thief!” I was surprised.
“But I think you’re potential (有可能的) ,” she said.
“I need these,” I said, holding up my list.
“So what I am not a person who works for you. Go to get them.” she said.
The store was a puzzle to me. It took me two hours to find everything on the list. “That packet of beans is only 29 cents, but you asked me for 35 cents. ” I corrected her. She didn’t seem unhappy, just looked at me over her glasses.
The following summer I visited Miss Bee some times a week. She always found ways to fool me. Or shortly after I remembered the places of something on the shelf, she arranged(重排)the shelves again and made me hunt for them again. By the end of the summer the shopping trip that had once taken me an hour was done in 15 minutes.
One morning I was to get a packet of chocolate. “Miss Potential, what did you learn this summer ” she said. “That you’re a meanie (刻薄鬼)!” I answered angrily. But she laughed, “Well, I believe my job is to teach every child I meet life lessons to help them. When you get older, you’ll be glad our paths crossed!” Glad I met Miss Bee Ha! It was absurd.
Until one day my daughter said, “ Could you finish my math problems for me ” “How will you ever learn to do it yourself if I do it for you ” I said. Suddenly, I was back at that store where I had learned the hard way to check my bill. Now I have known what Miss Bee did for me. She is my good teacher.
( ) 46. Why did Miss Bee arrange the shelves again and again
A. To laugh at the writer. B. To teach the writer some skills.
C. To think about other customers’ need. D. To avoid her things being stolen.
( ) 47. What does the underlined word “absurd” mean
A.开心的 B. 令人兴奋的 C. 令人费解的 D. 荒谬的
( ) 48. Which word can best describe the writer’s feelings for Miss Bee in the last paragraph
A.Thankful. B. Hateful. C. Uncomfortable. D. Unkind.
( ) 49. The purpose of writing the text is to tell us _________.
A. the facts about a kind person-Miss Bee B. how to teach your children life lessons
C. people should check everything carefully D. the good teacher isn’t only in the school

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