资源简介 定语从句知识导航(考点概述)定语从句在整个句子中做定语。定语从句是学生学不懂、易错的知识点。定语从句在初中英语中的重要性主要体现在完形、阅读和写作中,因此,同学们能否较好的掌握定语从句直接关系到考生初中英语成绩,甚至是高中英语的拔高。模块一:定语从句的概述模块分析1. 定义:在句子中作定语的从句叫做定语从句。He is a handsome boy.定语He is a boy who is handsome.定语从句2. 先行词:定语从句通常置于它所修饰的名词(或代词)之后,这种名词或代词叫做先行词。He is a boy who is handsome.先行词3. 关系词:①关系代词:关系代词在定语从句中可以作主语、宾语或定语等。②关系副词:关系副词在定语从句中做状语。4. 关系代词关系代词 表示人或物 在从句中作用who 人 作主语、宾语whom 人 作宾语whose 人或物 作定语which 物 作主语、宾语that 人或物 作主语、宾语3. 关系副词关系副词 表示种类 在句子中作用when 表示时间 时间状语where 表示地点 地点状语why 表示原因 原因状语模块二:关系词的基本用法模块分析一、关系代词1. who:用来修饰人;引导的先行词在从句中作主语或宾语;在非正式英语中,who作宾语时可以由whom替代。The man who was here just now is a cook. 刚才在这的那个人是一个厨师。I know the man who/whom you are talking with. 我认识那个与你谈话的人。2. whom:①用来修饰人,引导的先行词在从句中作宾语,可以用who代替,也可以省略。He is the teacher (whom) we need. 他是我们需要的老师。②跟在介词后作宾语时,必须用whom,此时whom不能省略。The woman with whom I went is my aunt. 跟我一起去的那个女人是我姑妈。3. whose:引导的先行词在从句中作定语,既可以指人也可以指物。whose指物时:The novel whose cover was broken belongs to me.那本书皮破损的小说是我的。whose指人时:He is the teacher whose name was Jackson.他是那个名叫杰克逊的老师。4. which:用来修饰物;引导的先行词在从句中可以用作主语、宾语、定语或表语;做宾语时可以省略。The dictionary which is on the desk is mine. 桌子上的那本字典是我的。Did you see the book which I put on the desk just now 你看见我刚才放在桌子上的那本书了吗?5. that:既可以修饰人又可以修饰物;引导的先行词在从句中既可以做主语也可以作宾语;在非正式文体中可以省略,可以替换who或which二、关系副词1. when:引导的先行词在从句中用作时间状语,其先行词往往是表示时间的名词,如:time,hour,day,week,month,year等。I still remember the day when I first arrived here.我还记得我第一次来到这里的那天。2. where:引导的先行词在从句中用作地点状语,先行词往往是表示地点的名词,如:house,place,area,street,city等He helped his father on the farm where they lived. 他在他们所住的农场里帮父亲干活。3. why:在从句中作原因状语,其先行词只有表示原因的名词reason。That is the reason why he is leaving so soon.那就是他为什么这么早就离开的原因。三、 关系代词与关系副词的选择引导词用关系副词还是关系代词,取决于从句中的成分是否完整:当从句中主语和宾语完整无缺失时,用关系副词;当从句中缺少主语或宾语时,用关系代词。That is the day when he went to college. 他在那天上的大学。This is the place which I visited before. 这是我以前参观过的地方。典例分析【例2-1】(**)(2019四川成都,39)—The boy________ lost is crying there.—How do you know he gets lost A. whose B. who C. who’s【答案】C【解析】句意:—那个迷路的男孩正在那里哭。—你怎么知道他迷路了?本题考查定语从句,先行词是the boy,空后无名词,所以排除A选项。lost是形容词,B选项缺少动词,故不正确。C选项为who is的缩写,be lost迷路,故选择C选项。【例2-2】(*)(2019内蒙古呼和浩特,6)Sitting down after a walk is relaxing. But would you like to sit on a seat________ tells you your weight A. / B. who C. whom D. that【答案】D【解析】句意:散步后坐下来很令人放松。但是你想坐在能告诉你体重的座位上吗?本题考查定语从句,先行词是a seat,指物,在定语从句中做主语,关系词用that/which,故选择D。【例2-3】(*)(2019广东,44)Not all children________ watch this video will become a scientist, but some may become interest in science.A. whom B. which C. who D. whose【答案】C【解析】句意:并不是所有看过这段视频的孩子都会成为科学家,但有些人可能会对科学产生兴趣。本题考查定语从句。设空处引导定语从句,先行词children,指人,且关系词从句中充电主语,故选择C选项。课堂练习【练2-1】(**)—What do you usually do in your spare time —I enjoy reading in the library________ I lost myself in a world of good books.A. which B. where C. that D. when【答案】B【解析】先行词是library,从句不缺成分所以选择关系副词where。【练2-2】(**)—Do you enjoy staying here —No, I like places________ the weather is always warm.A. what B. which C. when D. where【答案】D【解析】先行词是places,从句不缺成分,所以用关系副词where。【练2-3】(**)I live in the room________ window faces south.A. who B. whose C. which D. that【答案】B【解析】定语从句,先行词是room,空后面有名词,whose谁的模块三:定语从句注意事项模块分析1. 只能用that而不能用which引导定语从句的情况①先行词前有序数词修饰It is the first time that I have heard of it.②先行词由形容词的最高级修饰This is the best film that I have ever seen.③先行词是all, any, much, none, some, no, anything, something, everything, nothing, few, little等指物的不定代词,关系代词一般只用that。注意:先行词为anyone或指人的one,ones,those时也可以用who。Please get everything that we need ready.They go to the library to look up any information that they need.Anyone who/that is against this opinion my speak out.④先行词由the only,the very, the last等词修饰时My English teacher was the last man that left school yesterday.My brother is the only student that passed the exam this time.⑤先行词兼有人和物Look at the man and his dog that are walking up in the street.He talked about things and persons that they remembered in the school.⑥主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句,避免与who或which重复Who is the man that is standing by the door Which is the dictionary that you want 2. 定语从句中的谓语动词的单复数①从句的谓语动词用单数还是复数由先行词的单复数决定The students who are in Grade Three are going to climb the hill tomorrow.The man who lives downstairs is a foreigner.②带有one of的句子中,如果one of前面有the only,the very修饰,从句的谓语动词用单数;反之,从句的谓语动词是复数Sam is the only one of my friends who has been invited to have dinner.Sam is one of my friends who have been invited to have dinner.典例分析【例3-1】(**)I can remember well some pictures and the persons________ I saw in the room.A. whom B. who C. that D. which【答案】C【解析】先行词兼有人和物是关系代词只能用that。【例3-2】(**)This is the first gift________ I got from my father.A. which B. that C. who D. A and B【答案】B【解析】先行词前有序数词修饰时关系词只能用that。【例3-3】(**)This is the only book________ was written by Lu Xun in this library.A. that B. which C, what D. A and B【答案】C【解析】先行词前有the only修饰时,关系词只能用that。【例3-4】(***)The happiest of people don’t necessarily have the best of everything; they just make the most of everything___________ comes along their way.A.which B.who C.when D.that【答案】D【解析】句意:最幸福的人不一定拥有最好的一切,他们只是最大限度地利用了生活中的一切。根据句子结构可知,该空引导的是定语从句,四个选项都可以引导定语从句,which是关系代词,先行词为物;who关系代词,在从句中作主语或宾语,先行词是人;when是关系副词,在从句中作状语;that是关系代词,先行词可以是人也可以是物。从句中缺少主语,故排除C;everything指物,故排除B。当先行词是不定代词时,定语从句只能用that引导,故选D。【例3-5】(***)This is one of the best books________.A. that have ever been written B. that has ever been writtenC. that have written D. Both A and B【答案】A【解析】带有one of的句子中,如果one of前面有the only,the very修饰,从句的谓语动词用单数;反之,从句的谓语动词是复数.本讲作业1.Mr Brown is a teacher____________ is strict with all his students.A.which B.who C.where2.He is the only student_____________ plays table tennis better than Jim.A.why B.where C.who D.which3.—What kind of movies do you prefer —I prefer movies___________ me something to think about.A.that gives B.which gives C.who give D.which give4.The man___________ you met yesterday was my brother.A.which B.whom C.where D.whose5.BDS is a great invention_____________ helps us explore our planet and discover where we are.A.that B.where C.who D.what6.Change’s I is a spaceship___________ was launched as China’s first lunar probe.A.who B.which C.what D.where7.—Lily, what kind of museums do you like —I like museums___________ can provide visitors with free WIFI.A.what B.that C.who D.where8.The photo________ taken by my classmate last week is very nice.A.which were B.that is C.that were D.which was9.The old collector always prefers art works___________ describe the everyday life of common people.A.who B.whose C.where D.which10.Language learning isn't hard itself. The attitude___________ you have decides if you can learn it well at last.A.what B.which C.where D.who11.—Betty, what are you looking for —I'm looking for the dictionary___________ my brother bought for me last month.A.that B.what C.who D.whom12.According to a survey, people________ are able to speak two languages can more________ manage two things at the same time.A.when; hard B./; hardly C./; easy D.who; easily13.I think it’s the best music_________I have ever listened to.A.which B.that C.what14.My grandparents like stories_____________ have happy endings.A.they B.who C.which D./15.My mother likes_________ music_________ can relax her mind after a long week at work.A.smooth; what B.smooth; who C.smooth; whom D.smooth; that16.The mermaid___________ was written, directed and produced by Stephen Chow drew many Chinese fans to the cinema.A.who B.whom C.what D.that17.The only thing___________ mother left was her dream to be an actress.A.which B.that C.whose18.The stories_________ were written by Mark Twain are often humorous.A.that B.those C.who D.what19.WeChat is a useful communication tool____________ can help people talk to friends,share photos,ideas and feelings freely.A.whom B.who C.whose D.which20.Han Yan is the only student___________ gets a chance to take part in the final drawing match.A.that B.which C.when D.whose21.Look at that girl__________ name is Lucy.A.who B.whose C.which D.whom22.Jack with several tourists___________ from the UK___________ paying a visit to the mainland of China.A.who come; is B.who is; is C.which are; are D.that are; are23.Chinese government have taken lots of ways ___________are proved effective(有效的) to meet people’s need during the NCP(新冠肺炎)outbreak.A.which B.who C.what D.those24.—Frank, look! Who are the children under the tree___________ waiting in a line —They are the students from No.1 Middle School.A.that are B.which is C.who is25.The shoes___________ I bought yesterday cost me ten dollars.A.whose B.which C.whom D.who26.I love the village___________ people are really friendly.A.where B.which C.who D.that27.Those___________ have read more books about technology can have a better understanding of this passage.A.who B.whom C.that D.whose28.Can you tell me the name of the school___________ you visited last week A.what B.where C./ D.when29.— Have you watched the TV play" In the Name of People” — It' s the most popular play__________our Party' s trying to struggle against corruption(反对腐败).A.where show B.which show C.that shows D.who shows30.I'd like to tell you the table manners________you should know when you visit France.A.which B.who C.what D.where参考答案1.B【详解】句意:布朗先生是一位对所有学生都很严格的老师。考查关系代词辨析。which(在定语从句中)指物;who(在定语从句中)指人;where(在定语从句中)指地点。分析“Mr Brown is a teacher ... is strict with all his students.”可知,该句是定语从句,先行词是“teacher”,指人。故选B。2.C【详解】句意:他是唯一一个乒乓球打得比吉姆好的学生。考查定语从句关系词。why关系副词,先行词表原因,且在从句中作状语;where关系副词,先行词表地点,且在从句中作状语;who关系代词,先行词指人,且在从句中作主语或宾语;which先行词指物,且在从句中作主语或宾语。根据“the only student”可知此处先行词指人,且从句中plays前缺少主语,用关系代词who引导限制性定语从句。故选C。3.D【详解】句意:——你更喜欢哪种电影?——我更喜欢能给我一些思考的东西的电影。考查定语从句的用法。that关系代词,修饰人或物;which关系代词,修饰人或物;who关系代词,修饰人。定语从句的先行词movies为表示物品的名词,在从句中做主语,故选择修饰物的关系代词,故排除C;因为从句的主语movies是复数,故动词give用原形。故选D。4.B【详解】句意:你昨天遇到的那个男人是我的兄弟。考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,句子是定语从句,缺少关系代词,先行词是人,排除A和C,由先行词在定语从句中作宾语可知,应该用whom,排除D,故选B。5.A【详解】句意:北斗系统是一项伟大的发明,它帮助我们探索我们的星球,发现我们在哪里。考查定语从句。本句是定语从句,先行词是invention指物 , 引导词在从句中作主语,所以用that。故选A。6.B【详解】句意:嫦娥一号是中国发射的第一艘探月飞船。考查定语从句。句中“spaceship”是先行词,意为“宇宙飞船”,指物,应用which作连接词引导定语从句,故选B。7.B【详解】句意:——莉莉,你喜欢什么样的博物馆?——我喜欢能给游客提供免费WIFI的博物馆。考查定语从句。what引导名词性从句;that引导定语从句,修饰人或物;who引导定语从句,修饰人;where引导定语从句,作地点状语。此处先行词museums是事物,定语从句中缺少主语,用that引导,故选B。8.D【详解】句意:我同学上周拍的这张照片非常漂亮。考查定语从句和时态。根据“last week”可知,此处用一般过去时,排除B项,此处定语从句缺少主语,引导词作主语,因此定语从句的谓语根据先行词来判断,先行词the photo是第三人称单数,定语从句的谓语用第三人称单数形式,故选D。9.D【详解】句意:这位老藏家喜欢描写普通人日常生活的艺术作品。考查定语从句。who指人,作主语/宾语;whose指人/物,作定语;where指地点,作状语;which指物,作主语/宾语。本句是定语从句,先行词“art works”指物,先行词在从句中作主语,故选D。10.B【详解】句意:语言学习本身并不难。你的态度决定了你最终能否学好它。考查定语从句。分析句子结构,可知,此句是一个定语从句。先行词“attitude”,指物,在从句中作宾语,所以用which或that。故选B。11.A【详解】句意:——贝蒂,你在找什么?——我在找我哥哥上个月给我买的那本词典。考查定语从句的引导词。that关系代词,既可指人也可指物,在定语从句中作主语或宾语;what不能引导定语从句;who关系代词,指人,在定语从句中作主语;whom关系代词,指人,在定语从句中作宾语。由句意可知,空处的词是引导定语从句且先行词“the dictionary”是物,故应为that。故选A。12.D【详解】句意:根据一项调查,会说两种语言的人更容易同时处理两件事。考查定语从句及副词辨析。由“people…are able to speak two languages”可知,本句为定语从句,先行词people“人”指人,且在从句中作主语,故应用关系代词who引导定语从句。hard努力地;hardly几乎不;easy容易的;easily容易地。由“…can more…manage two things at the same time”可知,会说两种语言的人更容易同时处理两件事,故此处应为副词easily“容易地”,修饰动词 manage“处理”。故选D。13.B【详解】句意:我认为这是我听过的最好的音乐。考查定语从句的关系代词。which指物;that指人或物;what不能引导定语从句。根据句意和分析句子结构,可知本句有先行词“music”,指物,在从句中做宾语,且先行词“music”前有最高级“the best”修饰,所以关系代词只能用that,不用which,故选B。14.C【详解】句意:我爷爷奶奶喜欢有幸福结局的故事。考查定语从句。先行词stories(故事)表示物,又关系词在从句中作主语,所以用关系代词that或which,故选C。15.D【详解】句意:经过漫长的一周的工作,我妈妈喜欢可以放松她思维的舒缓的音乐。考查定语从句关系词。这是一个定语从句,music是先行词,表示物,所以关系词用that;故选D。16.D【详解】句意:由周星驰创作、导演和制作的电影《美人鱼》吸引了许多中国粉丝来到电影院观看。考查定语从句。who关系代词,指人,作主宾语;whom关系代词,指人,作宾语;what不引导定语从句;that关系代词,指人或物,作主宾语。分析句子结构,可知本句主语为“The mermaid”,谓语“drew吸引”,由此可知“________ was written, directed and produced by Stephen Chow”为定语从句修饰先行词“The mermaid”,指物,从句中作主语,所以用that,故选D。17.B【详解】句意:母亲唯一留下的东西就是她想当演员的梦想。考查定语从句。______mother left 是定语从句。which用于先行词是物时;that用于先行词是人或物时;whose在从句中作定语。先行词thing前面有only修饰,空格处缺少的是宾语,所以关系词需用that,故选B。18.A【详解】句意:Mark Twain写的那些故事常常是非常幽默的。考查关系代词。that关系代词,先行词可以是人或物;those 那些,不能引导定语从句;who关系代词,先行词可以是人,引导定语从句;what什么,不能引导定语从句。根据句意可知,这里考查的是定语从句,先行词是stories,故选A。19.D【详解】句意:微信是一种有用的沟通工具,可以帮助人们自由与朋友交谈,分享照片,想法和感情。考查关系代词。whom宾格,指代人,在定语从句中作宾语;who指代人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语;whose指代人或物,在定语从句中作定语;which指代物,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。分析句子结构可知,本句考查定语从句的引导词,先行词是物,并且在从句中做主语,用which或that引导,故选D。20.A【详解】句意:韩燕是唯一一个有机会参加绘画比赛决赛的学生。考查定语从句关系词。that先行词指人或物;which先行词指物;when先行词指时间;whose先行词既可指人也可指物。根据题干中“the only student”可知题中先行词有the only修饰,且在从句中作主语,关系代词只能用that。故选A。21.B【解析】试题分析:句意:看那个叫露西的女孩。Whose name is Lucy为一定语从句,修饰前面的先行词that girl;定语从句中的主语缺少一个定语即女孩的名字;故选B。考点:考查定语从句的引导词。22.A【详解】句意:杰克和几名来自英国的游客正在参观中国大陆。考查定语从句和主谓一致。第一空是定语从句,先行词tourists表示人,是复数形式,因此定语从句用who或that引导,谓语用复数形式。come from=be from“来自”,因此第一空用who/that are或who/that come,排除BC两项。with连接并列主语,谓语根据第一个主语来判断,此处Jack是第三人称单数,谓语用第三人称单数形式,故选A。23.A【详解】句意:在新冠肺炎疫情爆发期间,中国政府采取了许多行之有效的措施来满足人民群众的需要。考查关系代词。根据题干可知,此句是一个定语从句,先行词ways指代物,在从句中作主语,所以用关系代词which,故选A。24.A【详解】句意:——弗兰克,你看!那些在树下排队的孩子是谁?——他们是来自第一中学的学生。考查定语从句关系词和主谓一致。句子先行词是“children”指人,在从句中作主语,所以关系代词用who/that;而先行词是复数名词,所以从句中的系词用are,故选A。25.B【详解】句意:我昨天买的鞋子花了我十美元。考查关系代词。whose谁的,指代人或物,在定语从句中作定语;which关系代词,引导定语从句时,指代物,并且在句中充当主语或者宾语;whom宾格,谁,指代人,在定语从句中作宾语;who谁,指代人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。分析句子结构可知,本题含有一个定语从句,空格上要填的词在定语从句中作bought的宾语,指代 shoes。选项C和D 引导定语从句时指代人,可排除; 选项A 引导定语从句时可指人也可指物,作定语;which 在引导定语从句时只能指物,作主语或宾语,因此B选项符合题意,故选B。26.A【详解】句意:我喜欢这个村庄,那里的人们非常友好。考查定语从句的引导词。where在定语从句中作地点状语;which先行词是物,在定语从句中作主语或宾语;who先行词是人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语;that先行词是人或物,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。分析句子成分可知,本句包含一个定语从句,先行词“the village”表示地点,在定语从句中作地点状语,所以用where来引导定语从句。故选A。27.A【详解】句意:那些读了更多关于技术的书的人可以更好地理解这篇文章。考查定语从句关系词。who关系代词,先行词指人,在从句主作主语;whom关系代词,先行词指人,在从句中作宾语;that关系代词,先行词指人或物,在从句中作主语、宾语或表语;whose关系代词,先行词可指人或物,在从句中作定语。题干中先行词“Those”指人,且在从句中作主语,排除BD;先行词those是that的复数形式,表示人,为了避免重复,关系代词用who而不用that,排除C。故选A。28.C【详解】句意:你能告诉我你上周参观过的那所学校的名字吗?考查定语从句关系词。what不作关系代词;where和when都是关系副词,不能在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语。根据题干中“the school________ you visited last week”可知此处是个含有定语从句的主从复合句,先行词“the school”虽然表示地点,但在从句中充当宾语,不能用关系副词,只能用关系代词which/that或不填。故选C。29.C【详解】句意:——你看过电视剧《人民的名义》吗?——这是我们党努力反腐的最受欢迎的剧本。考查定语从句。当先行词前有形容词的最高级或者序数词来修饰的时候,关系代词只能用that。故选C。30.A【详解】句意:我想告诉你一些当你参观法国时应该知道的餐桌礼仪。考查定语从句。分析句子结构,本句缺少定语从句的引导词,what不能引导定语从句,首先排除C答案;当先行词是地点,在定语从句中做地点状语时使用where引导,本句先行词“table manners”不是地点,排除D。当先行词指人时,才能用who,此句的先行词table manners为下文定语从句的逻辑宾语,且指物,所以引导定语从句的关系代词用that或者which,故选A。 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源预览