资源简介

(共59张PPT)
二轮复习 第四讲
代词pronoun
为了避免重复而代替名词
A pronoun must be in agreement with（与......一致） the word it replaces, the antecedent（先行词，前述词）. Pronouns are a way to make your sentences less repetitive.
1．(2023·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)Nanxiang aside, the best xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them to be lifted out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of ____________(they) contents
2．(2022·全国乙卷)The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled (揭幕) at the ceremony, opening ________(it) first exhibition: The Avenue of Truth—A Special Exhibition of Pu'er Tea.
3．(2021·全国乙卷)Ecotourism has ________(it) origin with the environmental movement of the 1970s.
4．(2021·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)As the song goes, this long and winding road “will never disappear”， and it will always stick in the visitor's memory. It sure does in _________(I).
5．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Running is cheap, easy and it's always energetic. If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give ____________ a try.
6．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25，000 people were using ____________ every day.
7．(2018·浙江卷6月)Many westerners who come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap ____________ can be to eat out.
感知高考
小红本P33(5mins)
1．(2023·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)Nanxiang aside, the best xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them to be lifted out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of ____________(they) contents.
解析：考查代词。此处应用形容词性物主代词their作定语，修饰空后的名词contents，表示“不会使包子开裂，或者溢出包子里的任何东西”。
their
2．(2022·全国乙卷)The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled (揭幕) at the ceremony, opening ____________(it) first exhibition: The Avenue of Truth—A Special Exhibition of Pu'er Tea.
解析：考查代词。空格后的名词性短语first exhibition前应用形容词性物主代词。
3．(2021·全国乙卷)Ecotourism has _________(it) origin with the environmental movement of the 1970s.
解析：考查代词。根据空格后的名词origin可知，此处应用形容词性物主代词修饰名词origin。
its
its
4．(2021·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)As the song goes, this long and winding road “will never disappear”， and it will always stick in the visitor's memory. It sure does in ____________(I).
解析：考查代词。此处与前面的“it will always stick in the visitor's memory”呼应，表示“It sure sticks in my memory”，应用名词性物主代词作介词的宾语。
mine
5．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Running is cheap, easy and it's always energetic. If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give ____________ a try.
解析：考查代词。根据句意可知，此处号召我们尝试一下跑步这种运动，因此应用it指代。give it a try为固定搭配，意为“尝试一下”。
it
6．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25，000 people were using ____________ every day.
解析：考查代词。此处应用it指代上文的the railway。
7．(2018·浙江卷6月)Many westerners who come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap ____________ can be to eat out.
解析：考查代词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用it作形式主语，不定式to eat out作真正的主语。
it
it
句子的正常语序是： It can be cheap to eat out.
第一步：确定是否填代词
分析句子结构，发现句子缺少形式主语或形式宾语时，应考虑用it。
第二步：判断是否指代上文中提到的人或物。
第三步：根据语境和句意判断人称和数并确定代词的格。
当语法填空中无提示词时，要考虑填介冠连代
解题策略
代词
人称代词
物主代词
反身代词
疑问代词
不定代词
指示代词
高频考点it的用法
知识汇总
人称代词、物主代词、反身代词
Part 01
一. 概念
1.人称代词：
用来代替人、事物的名称
分为主格、宾格
2.物主代词：
表示所有关系的代词
分为形容词性物主代词、名词性物主代词
3.反身代词：表示反射“自身”或强调
人称代词、物主代词、反身代词
类别 人称代词 物主代词
反身代词
主格 宾格 形容词性 名词性 第一人称 单数 I me my mine myself
复数 we us our ours ourselves
第二人称 单数 you you your yours yourself
复数 you you your yours yourselves
第三人称 单数 he him his his himself
she her her hers herself
it it its its itself
复数 they them their theirs themselves
二、人称和数的变化
1. 人称代词的用法
1.1 主格作主语, 宾格作宾语、表语
I saw him. He also saw me.
He will help you with your English.
Thank you for your letter.
I bought a present for him.
Hi, it’s me.
人称代词：代替人事物的名称
主格作主语；宾格作宾语
宾格作及物动词的宾语
宾格作介词的宾语
宾格作表语
人称代词应与其代替的词在人称和数上___________
Meat is more expensive than it used to be.
There is a rabbit. It is white. It is eating a carrot. It looks happy.
The students must be made to understand how important each subject is to them.
保持一致
1. 人称代词的用法
1.2 宾格作非谓语动词的逻辑主语
Me to get there I want him to do it!
1.3 宾格单独出现，常用于口语
--Glad to meet you. --Me too.
--Who did it --Me.(=I did it.)
1.4 特殊用法
人称代词：代替人事物的名称
宾格+非谓语
he指代雄性动物或庞大、威猛之物或性别不明者。 The dog waved his tail when he saw his master.
she指代雌性动物或柔弱、优美之物或月亮、国家、船舶等无生命之物 In spring Nature awakens from her long winter sleep.
把动物或者其他物品当作亲人/家人/朋友看待时，也会用he/she 代替it.
you, he/she and I(先男后女)
we, you and they
I and Tom
人称代词：代替人事物的名称
2. 人称代词的排序
（1）单数：二三一， 即_____________________________；
（2）复数：一二三， 即_____________________；
（3）在承认错误时，第一人称在前；
It is ______________who/that made a mistake.
是我和汤姆犯了错误。
（4）对他人有益时，第一人称在后。
Group 1
1. _______ (he) promised his mother never to lie to____(she) again.
2. ____(she) promised her father never to lie to_____(he) again.
Group 2
1. When the gorillas and I frightened each other, _____ (I) was just glad to find________(they) alive.
2. Thanks_______ (you) for inviting______(we) to your food festival.
her
He
him
us
them
She
I
【即时演练1】
you
物主代词的用法
1. 形容词性物主代词：相当于形容词，置于名词之前，作定语
my pen; his books
my new bikes; her young son
He put his hand into his pocket. 他把手放在口袋里。
He has a ball in his hand. 他手里有个球
英语里物主代词一般_______省略，而汉语里往往_____省略。
That is (my a/ a my/ my) bike.
(Their those / Those their / Their) computer are there.
当名词前有形容词性物主代词修饰时，_________ 再用冠词
a, an ,the 或指示代词this, that, these或those来修饰名词。
形容词性物主代词+形容词+名词
可以
物主代词：表示所有关系
“ (限定词) ＋ (数/形(短)/描(名) ＋ 名词 ＋ (介短) ”
不可以
不能
【提醒】限定词包括
冠词 (a, an, the)、
指示代词 (this, that, these, those等)、
物主代词 (my, your, his, her, our, their等)
不定代词(some, no, neither, both等)。
物主代词的用法
2. 名词性物主代词：相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”，在句中作主语、表语、宾语。
--Whose the pen is it --That is mine.(=my pen)
He took my hand in his.他握住我的手。
The choice was hers.选择由她作出。
This is not my dictionary. Mine is lent to Lucy.
Every person showed his ticket, and I showed mine too.
Tom is a friend of mine.
adj.物主代词+n.=n.物主代词
物主代词：表示所有关系
(介)宾
表
主
(动)宾
双重所有格: “名词 of +名词性物主代词”表示所属.
公式为：（a, an, this, that)名词+of +名词性物主代词
(介)宾
1. A woman on the bus shouted, "Oh, dear. It is___________(I)".
2. On my recent visit, I held a three-month-old twin that had been rejected by______ (it) mother.
3. If you don’t build your dream, someone will hire you to build ________ (they).
4. Another nice thing is that you learn both new words and _______ (they) use unconsciously.
5. Much to ________ (he) disappointment, he had expected many friends, but none came.
6. I’m in a group with Tom, Jack and Kate. My English is much better than________.
7. I happened to meet a friend of______ in the National Library.
their
theirs
its
mine/me
his
theirs
mine
【即时演练2】
反身代词的用法
1. 构成：一二人称：adj.物主代词+self/selves；三：宾格+self/selves
2.功能：反身代词在句中作宾语、表语、同位语
Tom and Joan blamed themselves for the terrible accident.
The thinnest girl in the picture is myself.
Deller herself often annoys her deskmate in class.
Ann enjoyed this diamond itself but not the setting.
反身代词：反射“自身”或强调
第一人称 第二人称 第三人称
单数 myself yourself himself,
herself,
itself
复数 ourselves yourselves themselves
(动)宾
表
同位语
同位语
反身代词的用法
3. 反射自身：主语与宾语是同一个人；
Jane is too young to look after herself.
I teach myself English.
4. 表示强调：表示“某人自己”（主格+反身代词）“亲自”“本人”
I myself did the homework last night.
You must do it yourself.
反身代词：反射“自身”或强调
宾语，不能省
同位语，能省
反身代词的用法
5. 表达习惯：
在and、or、nor等连接词连接的并列主语中，第二个主语可用反身代词，尤其是myself。
My husband and myself were invited to the ball.(主语)
反身代词在系动词后作表语，表示“____________________”。
I was not myself last night.(表语)我昨晚身体不舒服。
固定搭配（P34 积累为主）
介词+反身代词
动词+反身代词
反身代词：反射“自身”或强调
某某身体健康、状态正常
(1)介词＋反身代词：
come to oneself 苏醒过来 speak/talk to oneself 自言自语
think to oneself 自思自忖 by oneself ＝ on one's own 独自完成
in oneself 自身；本身 for oneself 亲自；为自己；独自地
beside oneself 忘我；异常激动 of oneself 自动地；自发地
above oneself 自高自大；兴高采烈 to oneself 独享
be proud of oneself/take pride in oneself 自豪
in spite of oneself 不由自主地
(2)动词＋反身代词：
absent(缺席)、 accustom(使习惯)、 adjust、 amuse、 balance、 behave、 blame(责怪)、 call、 dedicate (奉献)、 devote、 distinguish (突出)、 dress、 enjoy、 excuse、 explain、 express、 forget、 help、 hide、 hurt、 introduce、 make、 pledge (保证)、 pride(以...自豪)、 seat、 teach等。
含反身代词的固定搭配
(2)动词＋反身代词：
absent oneself= be absent from
accustom oneself= be accustomed to
hide oneself= be hidden
seat oneself=be seated
amuse oneself= be amused
devote oneself= be devoted to
dedicate oneself= be dedicated to
dress oneself in = be dressed in
enjoy oneself=have a good time
adjust oneself
balance oneself
behave oneself
blame(责怪)oneself
distinguish (突出) oneself
explain oneself
express oneself
forget oneself
help oneself
hurt oneself
introduce oneself
pledge (保证) oneself
pride oneself
teach oneself
1. Treat____________(you) to a glass of wine to help you relax at the end of the day.
2. If our parents do everything for us children, we won't learn to
depend on_____________(we).
3. “She thought I had hurt ___________ (I),” says Pahlsson.
4. In her mind, helping others is just helping___________(she).
5. The Smiths didn't enjoy______________(they) during the tennis camp because of the terrible weather.
6. Never leave to others what you ought to do ____________ (you).
myself
ourselves
yourself
herself
themselves
yourself
【即时演练3】
类别 人称代词 物主代词
反身代词
主格 宾格 形容词性 名词性 功能 主语 宾、表 定语 主/宾/表 宾/表/同位语
第一人称 单数
复数
第二人称 单数
复数
第三人称 单数
复数
不定代词
Part 02
1. 常见的不定代词
1.1 many, much；few, little；a few, a little
Did you see many people there 你在那儿看见许多人了吗
We don’t have much time. 我们没有许多时间。
Many of us left early. 我们有许多人离开得很早。
Much work has been done. 许多工作都已经做了。
You’ve given me too much. 你已给我太多了。
Take as many (much) as you want. 你要多少拿多少。
I asked her a great many questions. 我问了她许多问题。
不定代词：表示不确切的数量
多 少（否定） 少（肯定）
复数n. many few a few
不可数n. much little a little
many/much: 许多
可用： a lot of, lots of, plenty of 等代之；
可有：how, too, as, so, a good, a great 等修饰。
可作：定、主、宾、表
1. 常见的不定代词
1.1 many, much；few, little；a few, a little
It is very difficult, and few people understand it. 它很难，没有几个人能懂。
It is very difficult, but a few people understand it. 他虽难，但是有些人懂。
Unfortunately, I had little money on me. 很不巧，我身上没带什么钱。
Fortunately, I had a little money on me. 幸好我身上带着一点钱。
He has so little time for reading. 他读书的时间少得可怜。
I’ve never seen such little boxes. 我从未见过那样小的盒子。
不定代词：表示不确切的数量
多 少（否定） 少（肯定）
复数n. many few a few
不可数n. much little a little
可数名词复数：
few：数量很少，几乎没有，含否定含义
a few ：数量虽然少但毕竟还有，含肯定意义
不可数名词：
little： 数量很少，几乎没有，含否定含义
a little ：数量虽然少但毕竟还有，含肯定意义
so little：表示数量方面的“少” ；
such little：表示形状体积的“小”
1. 常见的不定代词
1.2 两者(both, either, neither)与三者及以上(all, any, none, every)
Both of my parents are doctors. 我的父母都是医生。
All of the students are interested in it. 所有的学生对此都很感兴趣。
He has two sons, neither of whom is rich. 他有两个儿子，都不富有。
He has three sons, none of whom is rich. 他有三个儿子，都不富有。
Give the rabbit this or that carrot. Either(=Either of the carrots) is good.
There are trees on any side of the square. 广场的每一边都种有树。
There are trees on (each/every)side of the road.道路的每一边都种有树。
There are many carrots. Every carrot is big.
There are many carrots. Each is big.
不定代词：表示不确切的数量
都 都不 任何一个 每一个
两个人或物 both neither either each(两者/三者或以上)
三者及以上；不可数名词 all none any every
both/all,谓语复数
两者中的任一个都不，谓语单数
≥3中的任一个都不，谓语单/复数
each :两者或 ≥3，可单独作主语
every+n: 三者或三者以上
两者中的任一个，谓语单数
≥3中的任一个(谓语单数)
1. 常见的不定代词
1.2 两者(both, either, neither)与三者及以上(all, any, none, every)
both和all同否定词连用表部分否定，neither、 none表全部否定。
Both of them are singers.(肯定)
Both of them are not singers.他们俩不都是歌手。
Neither of them is a singer. 他们俩都不是歌手。
All of the students like the novel.
Not all of the students like the novel.
=All of the students don’t like the novel. 并不是所有这些学生都喜欢这本小说。
None of the students like the novel. 这些学生当中没有一个喜欢这本小说。
不定代词：表示不确切的数量
特别注意
either：两者中的任一个都不
none：≥3中的任一个都不
1. 常见的不定代词
1.2 两者(both, either, neither)与三者及以上(all, any, none, every)
不定代词all, both, each 等作同位语时：
We have all read it.
The villages have all been destroyed.
They told us all to wait there. 他叫我们都在那儿等。
不能说：They told the men all to wait there.
不定代词：表示不确切的数量
特别注意
(all 修饰主语，代词)
(all 修饰主语，名词)
(all 修饰宾语，代词)
若修饰主语，主语可以是名词或代词；
若修饰宾语等其他成分，则宾语等成分必须是人称代词
1. 常见的不定代词
1.3 some, any; 复合不定代词
The rabbit needs some carrots.
Does the rabbit need any carrots
The rabbit doesn’t need any carrots.
Would you like some cake 吃点蛋糕吗？
Why not buy some bread 为什么不买些面包呢？
Shall I get some chalk for you 要我帮你拿些粉笔来吗？
Any colour will do. 任何颜色都行。
Come any day you like. 随便哪天来都可以。
不定代词：表示不确切的数量
some any
肯定句 表示“一些” 表示“任何”
疑问句 表示请求、邀请或征求意见 表示“一些”，用于疑问或否定
表示“一些”：
some用于肯定，any用于否定或疑问
表示请求、邀请或征求意见：
some用于疑问句，希望得到肯定的回复
any表示“任何”
1. 常见的不定代词
1.3 some, any; 复合不定代词
There is nothing wrong with the radio. 这收音机没有毛病。
Have you seen anyone/anybody famous 你见过名人吗
Everyone knows this, doesn’t he(don’t they)
If anybody/anyone comes, ask him(them) to wait.
Everything is ready, isn’t it
any/every one of the boys (books) 孩子们(书)当中的任何/每一个(本)
不定代词：表示不确切的数量
one(人） body（人） thing（物）
every everyone每人 everybody每人 everything每件事
some someone某人 somebody某人 something某件事
any anyone任何人 anybody任何人 anything任何事
no none/no one没有人 nobody没有人 nothing没有事
adj.作复合不定代词的后置定语
指人：everyone/anyone/anybody（单数）；
人称代词用he/him/his或they/them/their(非正式)
指物：everything（单数）；人称代词只能用it
any one或every one拆开：可指人或物，后面可加of短语
any 以及含有any的复合不定代词用于否定句时，
它只能出现在否定词(not/no)之后，而不能在否定词之前：
误：Any one doesn’ t know how to do it.
正：No one knows how to do it. 任何人都不知道如何做它。
误：Anybody (Anyone) cannot do it.
正：Nobody(No one) can do it. 这事谁也干不了。
误：Anything cannot prevent me from going.
正：Nothing can prevent me from going. 什么也不能阻挡我去。
特别注意
特别注意
anything but(根本不) The hotel was anything but cheap.
nothing but(仅仅，只不过) He's nothing but a liar and a fraud骗子.
something like(大约，类似) They can get something like $3，000 a year.
anything like(和……相像) He isn't anything like my first boss.
something of a/an “颇有几分、堪称” The city proved to be something of a disappointment.
anywhere between表示某个范围内的任意位置或数量 I think Mrs. Stark could be anywhere between 50 and 60 years of age.(在......之间)
nobody“小人物，无名之辈” She rose from being nobody to becoming a superstar.她从无名小卒一跃成为一名巨星。
someboby“重要人物” She thinks she's really somebody in that company.
1. 常见的不定代词
1.4 one, other, another; some,others; the other, the others
I like this apple. I don’t like other apples.
The rabbit doesn’t like this apple. Give him another apple.
This apple is bigger than the other apple.
I like this carrot. I don’t like others.(=other carrots)
There are 30 books on the desk. Five are mine. The others(=The other books) are my father’s.
不定代词：表示不确切的数量
泛指 单数 复数
one一个 some一些
another其他中的一个 other其他中的多个
others=other+n.复数
特指 the other 两者中另一个 the others=the other+n.复数
剩余的一些人或物
one...the other一个......另一个 some...（the）others...一些......另一些
其他的，不止一个
（≥3中）另一个
（两个中）另一个
others：其余；
the others: 剩余的全部
不定代词：表示不确切的数量
2. 不定代词的句法功能
主语、宾语、表语或定语 some, any; many, much; (a) few, (a)little both, all; neither, none; either, any; each other, another, others; the other, the others 主语、宾语或表语 someone somebody something
anyone anybody anything
everyone everybody everything
no one nobody nothing
定语 no/ every 后面要加名词 指示代词
Part 03
指示代词：指示或标识人或物
1. this/that; these/those
其他用法：
this：代替后面将要提到的事儿；that：代替前面将要提到的事儿
This is very interesting: Miss Chen was not fat before.
Lin kai is a handsome boy. That is known to everyone.
电话用语中：this表示己方，that 表示对方
—Who is that speaking —This is …speaking.
this, that 作副词，意为“如此，这样，那样”；用法与so相似，
this/that +adj./adv.=so adj./adv.
与说话者距离近 与说话者距离远
单数、不可数 this that
复数 these those
指示代词：指示或标识人或物
2. 指代前面提过的内容
2.1 同类异物：that/those; one/ones, the one/the ones
比较句 (同类不同个) 单数、 不可数 that The story is more interesting than that (＝the story)
you read a few days ago.
The air in the countryside is much fresher than that
(＝the air) in the city.
复数 those The pictures here are brighter and more colorful than those (＝the pictures) in that room.
同样的人/事 the same (as) The twins wear the same dress today.
I'd like one the same as yours.
It is not the same as driving a car.
可单独使用，也可作定语
指示代词：指示或标识人或物
2. 指代前面提过的内容
2.1 同类异物：that/those; one/ones, the one/the ones
2.2 it/they
非比较句 同类事物 泛指 单 My fridge broke down and I wanted to buy a new one.
复 These magazines are out of date. Show me some new ones.
特指 单 I've found a vase that is an exact match of the one I broke.
复 It is ironic讽刺的 that the people who complain most are the ones who do least.
特指：后面往往带定语
前文提过的同一事物 单数 I lost my pen and I haven't found it yet.
复数 “Where are John and Liz ”“They went for a walk.”
指示代词：指示或标识人或物
2. 指代前面提过的内容
2.3 so/such: 如此，这样
句子或短语(so) 用在下列动词后：think;believe;expect; suppose;guess;hope This apple pie is too sweet. Don't you think so
-It is said that the exam is canceled this week.
-I hope so.希望如此
人或事 such Accountants were boring. Such (= that) was her opinion before meeting Ian! We were second-class citizens and they treated us as such. There is no such thing as a free lunch. Such advice as he was given has proved almost worthless. She is such a lovely girl. It's such a beautiful day! 指上文
指下文
强调程度：such+a/an+adj.+n.单
such+adj.+n.复数/不可数
指上文的事情或观点
指示代词：指示或标识人或物
3. 知识简图
与说话者的距离 this：近（复数these），打电话的己方 that：远（复数those），打电话的对方 同类异物 比较句中 that：单数、不可数；those：复数
一般句中 one:单数；ones:复数；特指要加the
同一事物 it：单数；they：复数 so/ such so在下列动词后：think, believe, expect, suppose, guess, hope; 指上文提过的事情或观点 such指上文或下文提过的人或事； 表强调： such+a/an+adj.+n.单: such a beautiful girl such+adj.+n.复数/不可数: such dangerous people such good weather 疑问代词
Part 04
疑问代词 功能
指人 主格 Who is over there -Who is he -He is Tom. Who/Whom did you meet just now 询问“谁”
（名字/身份等）
宾格 Whom are you talking with “谁”作宾语
属格 -Whose bag is this -This is my bag. -Whose is this - This is mine. Whose is the best picture 询问“谁的”
（人或物）
指物 主格 Which is the best route to take Which will you take, the red or the blue Which cities are you going to visit （其中的）
“哪一个/那一个”（人或物）
宾格 What happened？ -What is your father？-He is a doctor. -What do you like -I like apples. 询问“什么”
（东西、职业等）
疑问代词：构成特殊疑问句
主语
表语
宾语
宾语
定语
表语（宾）
主语
主语
宾语
定语
主语
表语
宾语
辨析who/what; which/what
-What is he 他是干什么的？ （问______)
-He is a teacher. 他是老师。
-Who is he 他是谁？ （问______________）
-He is Tom. 他是汤姆。
What subject do you like best (_____范围)
Which subject do you like best (_____范围,可接of短语)
职业
人物的姓名
无
有
疑问代词 强调形式：表示说话人的惊讶、愤慨或困惑等感彩 what whatever Look at that strange animal! Whatever is it
看那个奇怪的动物！它到底是什么？
which whichever 到底是哪一个
who whoever Whoever can that be at this time of night
这么晚了，会是谁呢？
whom whomever 到底是谁
疑问代词：构成特殊疑问句
作关系代词，引导名词性从句或让步状语从句：“无论...”
He does whatever she asks him to do.她要他做什么，他就做什么。
Whoever breaks the rules will be punished.谁违反这些规则都将受到处罚。
Whichever team gains the most points wins.哪个队得分最多，哪个队就赢。
Whatever(=No matter what) decision he made, I would support it.无论他作什么决定...
I don't want to see them, whoever(=no matter who)they are.无论他们是谁，我都不想见。
疑问代词的四个特殊结构 What for... 为何？
What if... 要是...会怎么样？ What if the train is late
What if she forgets to bring it
What/How about... ...怎么样？ （征求意见） I'm having fish. What about you
How about you, Joe Do you like football
So what 那又怎么样？ —"What if there is no kerosene
/ ker si n/煤油 this winter " said Jack.
—"So what " she said. "We still have electricity."
疑问代词：构成特殊疑问句
if+陈述句的语序
疑问副词 强调形式 where 哪里 wherever 究竟在哪儿
when(=what time) 什么时候 whenever 究竟什么时候
why 为什么 how 怎么样 how old多大（问年龄） =What is the age of sb how far多远 （问距离） how soon 多久（问时间, 与将来时连用，用 “in+时间段”回答） how long多久，多长 (时间、距离) how often 多久一次 （问频率, 用频度副词回答：once/twice/every day/...times a day) how many+可数n.复数：多少 how much（+不可数n.）：多少（钱） 高频考点it的用法
Part 05
it的基本用法 指代 上文提过的事情、事物、想法
指代性别不明的说话对象
指代时间、地点、距离、天气、季节等
形式主语/宾语 指代动名词短语、不定式短语或从句
构成强调句 陈述句: It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他部分．
一般疑问: Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他部分？
特殊疑问：特殊疑问词＋is/was it＋that＋其他部分？
“not...until”的强调: It is/was not until...＋that＋其他部分．
固定搭配 call it a day 到此为止 make it 成功，达到；stick it out 坚持到底；go it alone 单干； catch it 惹麻烦后受到责备；rough it 将就过着； That’ s it. 就这样 take it easy 慢慢来，别慌； get it 明白； It depends.视情况而定。 when it comes to...当谈到......；as sb. puts it 正如某人所说 it 的基本用法
it 代替事物
代替事物 上文提过的事情、事物、想法 -What’s this -It’s a cat.
I have lost my umbrella; I’m looking for it.
指代性别不明的说话对象 -Who’s it -It’s Sam.
-Who’s the baby in the picture
-It’s my younger brother.
指代时间、地点、距离、天气、季节等 It’s 2 o’clock now.
It’s very cold in spring in the northern China.
It’s about 100 kilometers from our town to the big city.
it 作形式主语
It is a pity/shame that...　 真可惜……
It is obvious that... 很明显……
It is no wonder that... 难怪……
It seems/appears that... 似乎/看来……
It looks/seems as if/as though... 看起来好像……
It happens that... 碰巧……
It occurs to/comes to/strikes/hits sb. that...某人突然想起……
It is said/reported/thought that... 据说/据报道/人们认为……
It is certain/sure that... ……是一定的。
It is useless/no use/no good/no pleasure doing...做……没有用/好处。
It takes sb. some time/money/energy to do...
做……花费某人若干时间/金钱/精力。
it 作形式宾语
①“动词＋it＋宾语补足语＋真正的宾语”： think, find, feel, consider, make等 He finds it hard to adapt to the new surroundings.
I have made it clear that nobody is allowed to smoke here.
②表“喜、怒、哀、乐”的动词+it+宾语从句： like, enjoy, love, hate, appreciate等 I hate it when I have to speak in French on the phone.
I would appreciate it if you can offer me help.
③介词+it+that引导的宾语从句 You may depend on it that we shall always help you.
Would you see to(负责 /注意 /照料) it that she gets home early
He insisted on it that he was innocent.
You can count on(依靠，指望，期待) it that he is very smart.
We met Tom in the park. 陈述句： It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他部分． It was we that met Tom in the park.
It was Tom that/who we met in the park.
It was in the park that we met Tom.
一般疑问句： Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他部分？ Was it Tom that we met in the park
Was it in the park that we met Tom
特殊疑问句： 特殊疑问词＋is/was it＋that＋其他部分？ Who was it that we met in the park
Where was it that we met Tom
“not...until”的强调句型： It is/was not until...＋that＋其他部分:“直到…… 才……” He didn't go to bed until ten o'clock.
→It was not until ten o'clock that he went to bed.
→Not until ten o’clock did he go to bed.
not until放句首，采用部分倒装
it 构成强调句
当堂训练
P37
Part 06
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．In Chinese mythology, the dragon is associated with the emperor, ____________ considered to be a symbol of power, prosperity (繁荣), and good fortune.
解析：考查代词。根据句意可知，此处使用代词one，作emperor的同位语，considered作其后置定语。
2．Duan is responsible for identifying the tigers according to patterns on ____________ (they) fur and giving them something like an identity card.
解析：考查代词。此处修饰名词fur，应用形容词性物主代词their。
3．According to the committee, the number of design proposals was nearly three times ____________ of the 2008 Games.
解析：考查代词。此处用that指代上文的 the number，表示特指。
one
their
that
4．He sent out the subjects for the papers by his own personal servants, and sometimes, to prevent leak, changed ____________ (they) at the last moment.
解析：考查代词。空处作动词changed的宾语，应用代词的宾格形式。
5．With each step then sub-divided into several procedures，____________ takes roughly 30 steps to produce a woodblock print.
解析：考查代词。“it takes sth. to do sth.”是固定结构，意为“做某事花费……”，it在句中作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式短语。
them
it

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