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Unit 3 单元话题阅读理解专项练习
You’ve heard that plastic is polluting the oceans — between 4.8 and 12.7 million tonnes enter ocean ecosystems every year. But does one plastic straw or cup really make a difference Artist Benjamin Von Wong wants you to know that it does. He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products.
At the beginning of the year, the artist built a piece called “Strawpocalypse,” a pair of 10-foot-tall plastic waves, frozen mid-crash. Made of 168,000 plastic straws collected from several volunteer beach cleanups, the sculpture made its first appearance at the Estella Place shopping center in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
Just 9% of global plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source (来源) of plastic pollution, but they’ve recently come under fire because most people don’t need them to drink with and, because of their small size and weight, they cannot be recycled. Every straw that’s part of Von Wong’s artwork likely came from a drink that someone used for only a few minutes. Once the drink is gone, the straw will take centuries to disappear.
In a piece from 2018, Von Wong wanted to illustrate ( 说 明 ) a specific statistic: Every 60 seconds, a truckload’s worth of plastic enters the ocean. For this work, titled “Truckload of Plastic,” Von Wong and a group of volunteers collected more than 10,000 pieces of plastic, which were then tied together to look like they’d been dumped (倾倒) from a truck all at once.
Von Wong hopes that his work will also help pressure big companies to reduce their plastic footprint.
1 ．What are Von Wong’s artworks intended for
A ．Beautifying the city he lives in. B ．Introducing eco-friendly products.
C ．Drawing public attention to plastic waste. D ．Reducing garbage on the beach.
2 ．Why does the author discuss plastic straws in paragraph 3
A ．To show the difficulty of their recycling.
B ．To explain why they are useful.
C ．To voice his views on modern art. D ．To find a substitute for them.
3 ．What effect would “Truckload of Plastic” have on viewers
A ．Calming. B ．Disturbing.
C ．Refreshing. D ．Challenging.
4 ．Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A ．Artists’ Opinions on Plastic Safety
B ．Media Interest in Contemporary Art
C ．Responsibility Demanded of Big Companies
D ．Ocean Plastics Transformed into Sculptures
Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste. The arugula (芝麻 菜)was to make a nice green salad, rounding out a roast chicken dinner. But I ended up working late. Then friends called with a dinner invitation. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; I could have made six salads with what I threw out.
In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry, “food waste goes against the moral grain,” as Elizabeth Royte writes in this month’s cover story. It’s jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away — from “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans.
Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other resources used to grow it. That makes food waste an environmental problem. In fact, Royte writes, “if food waste were a country, it would be the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world.”
If that’s hard to understand, let’s keep it as simple as the arugula at the back of my refrigerator. Mike Curtin sees my arugula story all the time — but for him, it's more like 12 bones of donated strawberries nearing their last days. Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington, D ．C ．, which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals. Last year it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished (有 瑕疵的) produce that otherwise would have rotted in fields. And the strawberries Volunteers will wash, cut, and freeze or dry them for use in meals down the road.
Such methods seem obvious, yet so often we just don’t think. “Everyone can play a part in reducing waste, whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you won’t eat,” Curtin says.
5 ．What does the author want to show by telling the arugula story
A ．We pay little attention to food waste. B ．We waste food unintentionally at times.
C ．We waste more vegetables than meat. D ．We have good reasons for wasting food.
6 ．What is a consequence of food waste according to the test
A ．Moral decline. B ．Environmental harm.
C ．Energy shortage. D ．Worldwide starvation.
7 ．What does Curtin’s company do
A ．It produces kitchen equipment. B ．It turns rotten arugula into clean fuel.
C ．It helps local farmers grow fruits. D ．It makes meals out of unwanted food.
8 ．What does Curtin suggest people do
A ．Buy only what is needed. B ．Reduce food consumption.
C ．Go shopping once a week. D ．Eat in restaurants less often.
The cognitive health and development of boys may be affected by their mothers’ body mass index (BMI) ( 体重指数) while pregnant with them, according to research from Columbia University and the University of Texas at Austin.
The study, which was published in the journal BMC Pediatrics on Friday, observed 368 subjects from low-income African American and Dominican women during the second half of their pregnancies, and then evaluated their children three and seven years later. Researchers found that the sons of women whose BMIs indicated that they were overweight or obese when they became pregnant were more likely to show less developed athletic skills as 3-year-olds and lower intelligence as 7-year-olds compared to boys whose mothers were at “normal” weights during pregnancy.
Among boys, the study found, mothers’ overweight and obesity connected with IQ scores between 4.6 and almost 9 points lower than those of boys whose mothers’ weights were in the “normal” range before pregnancy. Researchers did not observe the same phenomenon among daughters whose mothers had been obese.
“These findings aren’t meant to shame or scare anyone,” Elizabeth Widen, assistant professor of nutritional sciences at UT Austin and one of the study’s co-authors, said in a press release. “We are just beginning to understand some of these interactions between mothers’ weight and the health of their babies.”
Why mothers’ obesity appeared to affect childhood IQ was unclear, but earlier research has suggested that there is a relationship between a mother’s diet and her child’s later IQ, according to Columbia University. Researchers did not control for what the mothers ate, the press release noted.
The study’s authors wrote that because childhood IQ has been shown to be an indicator of later success in life, studying how a mother’s obesity could affect the IQ of her child is worthwhile.
9 ．How did researchers carry out the study
A ．By measuring mothers’ body mass index.
B ．By watching mothers and babies for years.
C ．By comparing 3-year-old babies with 7-year-olds.
D ．By evaluating the health of mothers and their babies.
10 ．What’s the main purpose of the study
A ．To show links between mothers’ weight and babies’ IQ. B ．To make those overweight mothers shameful and scared. C ．To warn some fat mothers to keep a balanced diet.
D ．To persuade more obese mothers to lose weight.
11 ．What do the researchers think of the study
A ．Doubtful. B ．Worrying.
C ．Significant. D ．Interesting.
12 ．In which section of a newspaper may the text appear
A ．Entertainment. B ．Novel.
C ．Education. D ．Health.
There are few places on Earth that humans haven’t messed up. Now even Antarctica, the only continent with no permanent human inhabitants, is being altered by us. A study found that the increasing human presence in Antarctica is causing more snow melt-bad news for a frozen world already battling the effects of human-caused global warming.
Black carbon, the dark, dusty pollution that comes from burning fossil fuels has settled in locations where
tourists and researchers spend a lot of time, scientists found. Even the smallest amount of the dark pollutant can have a significant impact on melting because of its very low reflectiveness: things that are light in color, like snow, reflect the sun's energy and stay cool; things that are dark, like black carbon, absorb the sun's energy and warm up.
“The snow albedo (反射率) effect is one of the largest uncertainties in regional and global climate modeling right now,” Alia Khan, a snow and ice scientist at Western Washington University, told CNN. “That’s one of the motivations for the study, to quantify the impact of black carbon on regional snowmelt, which is important for quantifying the role of black carbon in the global loss of snow and ice.”
“Antarctica is sitting there pretty much silently all year. But, if it weren’t there, in the state that it is meant to be, the balance that we have in the climate system will no longer be,” Marilyn Raphael, a geography professor said. “Antarctica’s sea ice is also important to maintain a balance in atmospheric circulation,” he added. As waters get warmer, some Antarctic creatures are finding their homes more and more unlivable.
“Everything we do has consequences,” Raphael said. “We need to educate ourselves about those consequences, especially in systems that we know relatively little about. We have to be careful that we don’t upset the climate balance.”
13 ．Why can the smallest amount of black carbon have huge impact on melting
A ．It is highly reflective. B ．Its dark colour absorbs heat.
C ．It produces vast energy. D ．It causes much pollution.
14 ．According to Alia, which of the following is one reason for conducting the study
A ．To measure the impact of black carbon on melting.
B ．To quantify the cost of battling against climate change.
C ．To remove the uncertainties of global warming effects.
D ．To urge people to pay more attention to melting problem.
15 ．What is the fourth paragraph mainly about
A ．The change caused by Antarctic melting. B ．The methods to stop Antarctic ice melting.
C ．The significance of Antarctic being in its state. D ．The sufferings Antarctic creatures are experiencing.
16 ．What does Raphael advise people to do
A ．Reduce tourist numbers. B ．Face the consequences.
C ．Acquire professional education. D ．Stop disturbing the climate.
A walk in the park may be just what the doctor ordered. A new program launched last month in Canada gives some doctors the option of providing patients with a free annual pass to the country's national parks as part of an effort to increase access to nature and the health benefits.
PaRx, a health initiative launched by the BC Parks Foundation in 2019, partnered with Parks Canada to provide doctors across four provinces with an initial run of 100 passes that can be prescribed ( 开处方). The program allows doctors to write more general prescriptions for time spent out in nature; two hours a week, at least 20 minutes at a time, is what PaRx director Dr. Melissa Lem suggests.
“Given the growing body of evidence that indicates nature time can improve all kinds of different physical and mental health conditions, we’re hoping that our PaRx program not only improves patient health, but reduces costs to the health-care system, and helps to grow the number of people who are more engaged environmental advocates,” said Prama Rahman, a coordinator for the BC Parks Foundation.
Doctors have been catching on, instructing their patients to turn to nature to improve their health and they're getting creative in how they do it. Dr. Robert Zarr, a doctor based in Washington, began prescribing accessible outdoor activities for his young patients and even created a searchable online database of local parks to make it easier.
But getting outside isn’t always as easy as it might sound. Income can affect one’s access to nature, an issue that PaRx is trying to address in Canada. Doctors utilizing the new national parks pass program are urged to prioritize patients who might not otherwise be able to afford these passes.
While only 100 adult passes, which give holders access to more than 80 national parks, historic sites and nature reserves, have initially been made available, organizers plan to routinely reassess this number as the program grows, the BC Parks Foundation told NPR
17 ．What is PaRx intended to do
A ．Qualify doctors to prescribe. B ．Give patients free access to parks.
C ．Promote free admission to parks. D ．Advocate 20 minutes’ walk a day.
18 ．What does the underlined word “utilizing” in paragraph 5 probably mean
A ．Financing. B ．Setting up. C ．Evaluating. D ．Carrying out.
19 ．What can we infer from the last paragraph
A ．The BC Parks Foundation is expanding rapidly.
B ．The program has signed up 80 national parks.
C ．More people will benefit from the program.
D ．Those living close to parks can gain priority.
20 ．Which is the best title of the text
A ．PaRx, a Nature Prescription Program. B ．BC Parks Foundation in Canada
C ．Year-long Passes to National Parks D ．A New Study on Benefits of Walk
There should be no doubt in anyone’s mind that the influence of media is growing stronger and stronger as time passes. If you have noticed, the speed at which news travels around the world has become faster with the development and advancement in technology Media are actually influencing people in different ways.
Whether you admit it or not, watching movies and programs on the television or our laptop, ipad and other mobile devices as we relax takes us away into this different kingdom — that is, there are parts in our being that feels we are the ones in the movie and sometimes we even feel what they are feeling as we get caught in the emotional excitement. The effect of media does not stop when the movie or program ends. And this effect might just be the cause of behavioral changes in people.
With action films, children tend to follow the movie hero, engaging them to violent acts thinking that it is acceptable because his hero became successful in the end. There are cartoon programs that show acts of violence and dishonest acts against others. In return, children tend to copy the characters and think that cheating other people is a way to deal with their problems. They learn to transfer these ill behaviors to friends.
There are some television shows and movies that attempt to create an atmosphere to change the view of people towards social issues such as racial discrimination. In the minds of other people, the effect can be for the
better, but some unfortunately for the worse.
There had been instances in the past that young people drunk driving imitating their favorite actress. There was also a case where somebody set a subway ticket booth on fire because he saw it in his favorite film. These are just a few examples of the disturbing influence of media on people’s behavior.
An explanation to these bad acts is that these people could not distinguish fantasy from reality. They get caught up in the kingdom of what they had been watching and the images and scenes become deeply rooted in their minds.
So the media is largely responsible for giving people false ideas and unhealthy pictures, which lead to misbehavior against other people, and can create a dangerous cycle among individuals as they attempt to do the same or even worse things to others. The sad reality is, no one is tuning off their televisions or disconnecting from these influences. The only way programming of this sort will change is when people no longer buy into it, demand it, and watch it.
21 ．What does the author want to tell us in Paragraph 2
A ．What it is that changes our emotion.
B ．How media affect people's behavior.
C ．Why we are attracted by movies and programs.
D ．Whether people feel being taken away from the reality.
22 ．According to the author, some people act badly because .
A ．they are just the violent people
B ．they hope to solve social problems
C ．they actually can’t tell fantasy from reality
D ．they want to change people’s attitudes towards media
23 ．What’s the author’s attitude towards media
A ．Sympathetic. B ．Critical. C ．Supportive. D ．Cautious.
24 ．The author supports his ideas mainly by .
A ．making contrasts and giving examples
B ．listing facts and giving research results
C ．raising problems and providing solutions D ．showing facts and presenting explanations
When you need to see a doctor, surely you will want to see a good one. But there is one important thing you may never have thought about: Has your doctor rested enough
Doctors in our country often have to work 34 hours or longer without sleep. Most of them work 104 hours a week, and some even 150. (There are only 168 hours a week!) One report said that a doctor who works such long hours cannot think more clearly than a drunk driver. Another found that doctors who sleep 5.8 fewer hours than the week before might make 22% more serious mistakes. Surely no one wants to get in a car that is driven by a drunk driver. So, how safe would you feel when you are under the care of a tired doctor
Sadly this problem has been around for a long time. There are no laws about it yet and hospital bosses don’t look like they care either. And that is why we doctors are asking you to join us on the street this Sunday. Fight together with us on the street so we can fight better for your life in the hospital.
Time: 1 p. m. July 15 Place: City Hospital Square
25 ．How long do doctors often have to work per week in the country
A ．34 hours. B ．104 hours.
C ．150 hours. D ．168 hours.
26 ．What does the underlined word “Another” in Paragraph 2 refer to
A ．A country. B ．A doctor.
C ．A report. D ．A driver.
27 ．Why does the writer compare a tired doctor with a drunk driver
A ．To find out who can think more clearly.
B ．To give an example of a common disease.
C ．To show who can work longer without sleep.
D ．To give the reader a clear idea of the danger.
28 ．What is the purpose of the text
A ．To warn doctors not to work too long.
B ．To get support for the fight for doctors. C ．To tell people how to find a good doctor. D ．To call for a law against drunk driving.
When someone damages their backbone, the injury can leave them paralyzed (瘫痪). Now, scientists have given three paralyzed men the ability to walk again, thanks to an implanted device.
The human backbone, or spine, doesn’t just help us stand up straight. Inside is the spinal cord, which carries important information between the head and the lower part of the body. This information moves around as bursts of electricity traveling between the brain and the other parts of the body. When the spinal cord is hurt, this pathway gets damaged and they can’t move their legs.
Now scientists in Switzerland have given three paralyzed men the ability to walk again. To help them walk again, the men had surgery. A special device was placed directly on the lower part of their spinal cord, below their injury. This “implant” contained sixteen electrodes, which are small objects that electricity can pass through. The researchers made sure the electrodes were lined up with nerves that control the leg muscles. The scientists controlled the implants from a tablet computer.
The patient’s brains aren’t sending “walking” messages to their legs. Instead, the tablet tells the implant to send the walking messages. The researchers used computers to generate patterns of movement, like taking a step. The patient then uses the tablet to choose the pattern and the muscles move in the chosen way. Over time, the men were able to walk using a special walker with buttons to control each leg.
The solution isn’t perfect. It’s very expensive, it requires difficult surgery, and the patients can’t walk without the system. But the scientists are hopeful that in the future, this sort of technology will allow many paralyzed people to begin to walk again in just hours.
29 ．What's the main function of the spinal cord
A ．It serves as a message carrier. B ．It helps people stand up straight.
C ．It takes control of the muscles. D ．It produces signals for movements.
30 ．What is the implanted device expected to do
A ．Activate the damaged nerves. B ．Identify the position of the injury.
C ．Test the degree of the damage. D ．Bridge the nerve gap made by the injury.
31 ．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about
A ．How the surgery is performed. B ．How the device works on patients.
C ．How the patients walk without aid. D ．How movement patterns are designed.
32 ．Which can be the best title of the text
A ．Damaged nerves recover after surgery.
B ．Tablets are used in a medical treatment.
C ．Implant helps the paralyzed walk again.
D ．Scientists made a discovery on backbones.
参考答案：
1 ．C 2 ．A 3 ．B 4 ．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了艺术家 Benjamin Von Wong 使用海洋中的塑料垃圾制作了一 个巨型雕塑，极其震撼，引发人们对塑料污染的反思。
1 ．推理判断题。根据第一段“He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products.(他用塑料垃圾建造巨大的雕塑，迫使观众重新审视他们与一次 性塑料产品的关系)”可知，Von Wong 用塑料垃圾制作雕塑，是想让人们重新审视与一次性塑料制品的关 系，引起公众对塑料垃圾的关注。故选 C 项。
2．推理判断题。根据第三Just 9% of global plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source (来源) of plastic pollution, but they’ve recently come under fire because most people don’t need them to drink with and, because of their small size and weight, they cannot be recycled. (全球只有9%的塑料垃圾被回收。 塑料吸管绝不是最大的塑料污染源，但它们最近却受到了抨击，因为大多数人不需要吸管喝饮料，而且由 于它们体积小、重量轻，无法回收利用)”可知，塑料吸管体积小、重量轻，无法回收利用。由此推知，作 者在第三段讨论塑料吸管是为了展示它们回收的难度。故选 A 项。
3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“In a piece form 2018, Von Wong wanted to illustrate (说明) a specific statistic:
Every 60 seconds, a truckload’s worth of plastic enters the ocean. For this work, titled “Truckload of Plastic,” Von Wong and a group of volunteers collected more than 10,000 pieces of plastic, which were then tied together to look like they’dbeen dumped (倾倒) from a truck all at once.(在 2018 年的一个作品中，Von Wong 想要说明一 个具体的统计数字：每 60 秒，就有一卡车塑料进入海洋。这项名为“一卡车塑料”的作品，Von Wong 和一 群志愿者收集了一万多块塑料，然后把它们绑在一起，让它们看起来像是同时从卡车上倾倒下来的)”可知， 这个作品以创新的方式让人们了解到塑料垃圾以很快的速度和很大的量倾入海洋，刷新了观众对海洋塑料 污染的认知。由此推知，这个作品会让观众对塑料垃圾进入海洋造成污染这件事感到不安。故选 B 项。
4 ．主旨大意题。根据第一段“But does one plastic straw or cup really make a difference Artist Benjamin Von Wong wants you to know that it does. He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products.(但一根塑料吸管或一个塑料杯真的有什么区别吗？ 艺术家 Benjamin Von Wong 想让你知道，它确实如此。他用塑料垃圾建造巨大的雕塑， 迫使观众重新审视 他们与一次性塑料产品的关系)”及下文陈述可知，艺术家 Benjamin Von Wong 通过使用海洋塑料垃圾制作 巨型雕塑的方法，引发人们对塑料污染的反思。由此可知， “海洋塑料变成雕塑”可以作文章标题。故选 D 项。
5 ．B 6 ．B 7 ．D 8 ．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了我们日常生活中的食物浪费现象以及华盛顿 DC 中央厨房的首席 执行官科廷为解决食物浪费而采取的努力。
5．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste.(像我们大多数 人一样， 我努力关注那些被浪费的食物)” 及“But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; I could have made six salads with what I threw out.(但随着时间的推移，芝 麻菜变坏了。更糟糕的是，我不假思索地买了太多东西；我扔掉的东西可以做六份沙拉)”可推知，作者想 通过讲述芝麻菜的故事来表明我们有时会无意间浪费食物。故选 B 项。
6．细节理解题。根据第三段“Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other, resources used to grow it. That makes food waste an environmental problem. In fact, Royte writes, “if food waste were a country, it would be the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world.”(生产没人吃的食物会浪费用于种植食物 的水、燃料和其他资源。这使得食物浪费成为一个环境问题。事实上，罗伊特写道，“如果食物浪费是一 个国家，它将是世界上第三大温室气体排放国。”)”可知，浪费食物的一个后果是对环境的危害。故选 B 项。 7．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington. D.C., which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals. Last year it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished (有瑕疵的) produce, that otherwise would have rotted in fields. And the strawberries Volunteers will wash, cut, and freeze or dry them for use in meals down the road.(科廷是华盛顿 DC 中央厨房的 首席执行官，该公司把食物复原，变成健康的食物。去年，该组织通过接受捐赠和收集有瑕疵的农产品， 收回了超过 807500 磅的食物，否则这些农产品就会在地里腐烂。草莓呢？志愿者们将清洗、切割、冷冻 或干燥它们，以便在路上的餐食中使用)”可知，科廷的公司用人们不想要的食物重新制作食物。故选 D 项。 8．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的““Everyone can play a part in reducing waste, whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you won’t eat,” Curtin says.(“每个人都可以在减少浪费方面发挥作用，无论是在每周的购物中不购买不必要的食物，还是 要求餐馆不包括你不吃的配菜，”科廷说)”可知，科廷建议人们只买需要的东西来避免浪费食物。故选 A 项。
【点睛】
9 ．B 10 ．A 11 ．C 12 ．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。新的研究表明， 孕后期妈妈们肥胖超重的话可能会影响男孩宝宝们后面的智 力发育。相对比正常体重指数的妈妈们， 肥胖的妈妈们的男孩后面发育的智力会低一点。但是， 为什么妈
妈的肥胖影响男孩的智商还不清楚。
9 ．推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“The study, which was published in the journal BMC Pediatrics on Friday, observed 368 subjects from low-income African American and Dominican women during the second half of their pregnancies, and then evaluated their children three and seven years later. (该研究于周五发表在 BMC Pediatrics 杂志上，在低收入非裔美国人和多米尼加妇女的怀孕后半段观察了 368 名受试者，然后在三年和七年后评 估了他们的孩子)”可知，研究人员观察 368 名女性怀孕后半段及她们的孩子们 3 岁及 7 岁时期的情况。由 此可知，研究人员是通过多年对妈妈们和孩子们的观察进行研究的。故选 B 项。
10 ．推理判断题。根据第四段第一句“These findings aren’t meant to shame or scare anyone, (这些发现并不意 味着羞辱或吓唬任何人)”，最后一句“We are just beginning to understand some of these interactions between mothers’ weight and the health of their babies. (我们刚刚开始了解母亲的体重和婴儿健康之间的一些相互作 用)” 以及第五段 “Why mothers’ obesity appeared to affect childhood IQ was unclear, but earlier research has suggested that there is a relationship between a mother’s diet and her child’s later IQ, according to Columbia University. (为什么母亲的肥胖会影响孩子的智商目前还不清楚，但根据哥伦比亚大学的研究，早期的研究 表明，母亲的饮食和孩子后来的智商之间有关系)”可知，这项研究结果并不是有意去吓唬或者让那些妈妈 们感到羞愧，其目的是让人们明白怀孕妈妈们的体重和孩子未来的智商之间有重大关系。故选 A 项。
11 ．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The study’s authors wrote that because childhood IQ has been shown to be an indicator of later success in life, studying how a mother’s obesity could affect the IQ of her child is worthwhile. (该研究的作者写道，由于童年的智商已被证明是以后生活中成功的指标，因此研究母亲的肥胖如何影响孩 子的智商是值得的)”，尤其是 studying how a mother’s obesity could affect the IQ of her child is worthwhile 可 知，研究人员认为这项研究是非常值得的，有着重大意义的。故选 C 项。
12 ．推理判断题。根据第一段“The cognitive health and development of boys may be affected by their mothers’ body mass index (BMI) (体重指数) while pregnant with them, according to research from Columbia University and the University of Texas at Austin. (根据哥伦比亚大学和德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校的研究，男孩的认知健 康和发育可能会受到母亲在怀孕期间的体重指数的影响)”可知，本文主要叙述宝妈们在孕期肥胖对男孩后 期的智力发育有一定的影响。由此可知， 文章主要是健康方面的话题，可能出现在报纸的健康版面。故选 D 项。
13 ．B 14 ．A 15 ．C 16 ．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了由于人为造成的全球变暖，南极洲的环境发生着变化。
13．细节理解题。根据文章第二段第二句话“Even the smallest amount of the dark pollutant can have a significant
impact on melting because of its very low reflectiveness: like snow, reflect the sun's energy and stay cool; things that are dark, like black carbon, absorb the sun's energy and warm up.(甚至最少量的深色污染物也会对融化产 生重要的影响，因为它的反射率非常低：颜色较浅的物体，如雪，反射太阳的能量并保持凉爽；黑暗的东 西，如黑碳，吸收太阳的能量并变暖)”可知，由于能够吸收热量，黑碳对融化会产生巨大的影响。故选 B 项。
14．细节理解题。根据文章第三段最后一句话“That’s one of the motivations for the study, to quantify the impact of black carbon on regional snowmelt, which is important for quantifying the role of black carbon in the global loss of snow and ice.(这是这项研究的动机之一，量化黑碳对区域融雪的影响，这对于量化黑碳在全球冰雪 损失中的作用非常重要)”可知，在研究过程中，量化黑碳对融雪的影响是十分巨大的。A 项“测量黑碳对融 化的影响”符合题意。故选 A 项。
15．主旨大意题。根据文章第四段第二句话“But, if it weren’t there, in the state that it is meant to be, the balance that we have in the climate system will no longer be(但是，如果它不存在，在它注定要成为的状态下，我们在 气候系统中的平衡将不再存在)”及第三句话“Antarctica’s sea ice is also important to maintain a balance in atmospheric circulation(南极洲的海冰对于维持大气环流的平衡也很重要)”可知，本段主要讲述了南极洲对 于环境的重要性。C 项“南极处于其状态的重要性”更符合题意。故选 C 项。
16．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段““Everything we do has consequences,” Raphael said. “We need to educate
ourselves about those consequences, especially in systems that we know relatively little about. We have to be careful that we don’t upset the climate balance.”(“我们所做的一切都有后果，”Raphael 说。“我们需要教育自 己了解这些后果，特别是在我们相对知之甚少的系统中，我们必须小心，不要破坏气候平衡。”)”可知， Raphael 建议我们停止扰乱气候，不应破坏气候的平衡。故选 D 项。
17 ．B 18 ．D 19 ．C 20 ．A
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。本文主要介绍了 PaRx，这一健康方案的目的及实施中遇到的问题。
17 ．细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“A new program launched last month in Canada gives some doctors the option of providing patients with a free annual pass to the country's national parks as part of an effort to increase access to nature and the health benefits.(上个月，加拿大启动了一项新计划，让一些医生可以选择向患者提供 免费的国家公园年票，作为增加接触大自然和提高健康福利而做出努力的一部分)”及第二段第一句“PaRx, a health initiative launched by the BC Parks Foundation in 2019, partnered with Parks Canada to provide doctors across four provinces with an initial run of 100 passes that can be prescribed.(PaRx，是由 BC 公园基金会 2019 发起的一项健康方案，该方案与加拿大公园合作，初期为四个省份的医生提供了 100 个可以用于处方的通
行证)”可知，PaRx 这个方案是用来给患者发放免费公园通行证的。故选 B。
18．词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句“Doctors utilizing the new national parks pass program are urged to prioritize patients who might not otherwise be able to afford these passes.(使用新的国家公园通行证计划的医生被敦促要 优先考虑那些可能负担不起这些通行证的患者)”中的后半部分可知，医生被要求给收入不高的患者优先发 放免费通行证， 由此可推知，医生首先得有这一项目的使用权才能给患者发放，因而划线词“utilizing”表示 “使用”与“Carrying out 执行”意思相近。故选 D。
19 ．推理判断题。根据最后一段内容“While only 100 adult passes, which give holders access to more than 80 national parks, historic sites and nature reserves, have initially been made available, organizers plan to routinely reassess this number as the program grows, the BC Parks Foundation told NPR(BC 公园基金会告诉 NPR，虽然 只有 100 个成人通行证，让持有者可以进入超过 80 个国家公园、历史遗迹和自然保护区，但随着项目的 发展组织者计划定期重新评估这一数字)”可知， 目前的通行证数量不多，但组织者会定期评估数据做出调 整，由此推知，这样就会有越来越多的人因此受益。故选 C。
20 ．主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了 PaRx，这一健康方案的目的及实施中遇到的问题，结合第二段第一句 “PaRx, a health initiative launched by the BC Parks Foundation in 2019, partnered with Parks Canada to provide doctors across four provinces with an initial run of 100 passes that can be prescribed.(开处方)(PaRx，是由 BC 公 园基金会 2019 发起的一项健康方案，该方案与加拿大公园合作，初期为四个省份的医生提供了 100 个可 以用于处方的通行证)”可知“PaRx, a Nature Prescription Program.(PaRx ，一个自然处方方案)”可以概括文章 内容，适合作为本文标题。故选 A。
21 ．B 22 ．C 23 ．B 24 ．D
【导语】本文是一篇议论文，讲述了随着科技的发展，媒体正在各个方面影响着人们。文中列举了好多人 们因为媒体而产生的一些不利于社会的行为，并给出了解释，因为媒体影响，人们无法区分幻想与现实， 唯一的解决方式就是人们不再看电视，不再接触媒体。
21．主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“The effect of media does not stop when the movie or program ends. And this effect might just be the cause of behavioral changes in people.（当电影或者节目结束时，媒体的效应也没有停 止。并且这种效应也就是人们行为发生变化的原因。） ”可知，本句放在段末，总结上文媒体对人类的影响 的解释，故本段主要讲人们看电视时所产生的媒体效应，这种效应也改变了人们的行为，故 B 项“媒体是 如何影响人们行为”符合本段大意，故选 B。
22 ．细节理解题。根据文章第六段“An explanation to these bad acts is that these people could not distinguish fantasy from reality.（产生这些不良行为的解释之一就是，这些人无法区分幻想与现实。） ”可知，一些人行
为恶劣，是因为他们无法区分幻想与现实，故选 C。
23 ．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“So the media is largely responsible for giving people false ideas and unhealthy pictures, which lead to misbehavior against other people, and can create a dangerous cycle among individuals as they attempt to do the same or even worse things to others. The sad reality is, no one is tuning off their televisions or disconnecting from these influences.（因此，媒体在很大程度上要为给人们错误的想法和不 健康的图片负责，这导致了对他人的不当行为，并可能在个人之间创造一个危险的循环，因为他们试图对 别人做同样的事情，甚至更糟糕的事情。可悲的现实是， 没有人关掉电视或脱离这些影响。） ”可知，作者 认为媒体带来了人们不正当的行为，创造了危险的社会环境，故他对媒体的态度是批评的，故选 B。
24 ．推理判断题。根据文章第三段列举的“With action films, children tend to follow the movie hero, engaging them to violent acts thinking that it is acceptable because his hero became successful in the end. (在动作片中，孩 子们倾向于追随电影中的英雄，结果他们参与暴力行为，认为这是可以接受的，因为他的英雄最终成功 了。)”一些孩子们模仿电视里面的暴力行为并改变了对于社会问题的态度，和第五There had been instances in the past that young people drunk driving imitating their favorite actress.（曾经有一些例子，年轻人模仿他们 最喜欢的演员酒驾。）；There was also a case…(曾经有一个案例……); These are just a few examples…(有几 个例子 ……)”以及第六段“An explanation to these bad acts is that these people could not distinguish fantasy from reality.（产生这些坏行为的解释之一就是，这些人无法分清幻想与现实。） ”可推知，文章作者是通过“列事 实和解释”来支撑他的观点的。故选 D。
25 ．B 26 ．C 27 ．D 28 ．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了医生超时工作的现状和危害，号召人们为了医生的权益而斗争， 抵制过度工作。
25 ．细节理解题。根据第二段的“Most of them work 104 hours a week（他们中的大多数人每周工作 104 小 时）”可知，在这个国家，医生每星期经常工作 104 个小时，故选 B。
26 ．词句猜测题。根据第二段的“One report said that a doctor who works such long hours cannot think more clearly than a drunk driver.（一份报告说，一个工作时间如此长的医生无法比一个醉酒司机更清楚地思考） 可知，“Another”指的是另一份报告，故选 C。
27 ．推理判断题。根据第二段“Surely no one wants to get in a car that is driven by a drunk driver. So, how safe would you feel when you are under the care of a tired doctor （当然，没有人想坐一个喝醉酒的司机开的车。 所以，当你在一个疲惫的医生的照顾下，你会有多安全 ）”可推断，作者把过度劳累的医生和喝醉酒的司 机作比较，是为了让读者感受危险的明确概念。故选 D。
28 ．推理判断题。根据最后一段的“And that is why we doctors are asking you to join us on the street this Sunday. Fight together with us on the street so we can fight better for your life in the hospital.（这就是为什么我 们医生邀请你这周日和我们一起上街。在街上和我们一起战斗这样我们就能在医院里更好地为你的生命战 斗）”可推断，作者写这篇文章的目的是为了号召人们为了医生的权益而斗争，故选 B。
29 ．A 30 ．D 31 ．B 32 ．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了科学家通过植入特殊装置让瘫痪者恢复行走能力。
29．细节理解题。根据第二段“Inside is the spinal cord, which carries important information between the head and the lower part of the body.（里面是脊髓，它在头部和身体下部之间传递重要信息。） ”可知，脊髓的主要功 能是传递重要信息，是一个信息载体。故选 A 项。
30．推理判断题。根据第二段“Inside is the spinal cord, which carries important information between the head and the lower part of the body. This information moves around as bursts of electricity traveling between the brain and the other parts of the body. When the spinal cord is hurt, this pathway gets damaged and they can’t move their legs.（里面是脊髓，它在头部和身体下部之间传递重要信息。这些信息作为电流在大脑和身体其他部位之 间传播。当脊髓受伤时，这条通路就会受损，他们的腿就不能动了。） ”以及第三段“The researchers made sure the electrodes were lined up with nerves that control the leg muscles. The scientists controlled the implants from a tablet computer.（研究人员确保电极与控制腿部肌肉的神经对齐。科学家们通过平板电脑控制植入物。） 可知，脊髓受伤时，神经流受损导致他们的腿不能动，所以科学家植入特殊装置的预期用途是弥合受伤造 成的神经间隙。故选 D 项。
31．主旨大意题。根据第四段“Instead, the tablet tells the implant to send the walking messages. The researchers used computers to generate patterns of movement, like taking a step. The patient then uses the tablet to choose the pattern and the muscles move in the chosen way.（相反，平板电脑让植入物发送行走信息。研究人员使用计 算机生成运动模式，比如迈出一步。然后， 患者使用平板电脑选择模式，肌肉以选定的方式运动。） ”可知， 本段主要介绍了该设备如何在患者身上工作。故选 B 项。
32．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Now, scientists have given three paralyzed men the ability to walk again, thanks to an implanted device.（现在，由于植入了一种设备，科学家们已经让三名瘫痪男子恢复了行走的能力。） ”以 及最后一段“But the scientists are hopeful that in the future, this sort of technology will allow many paralyzed people to begin to walk again in just hours.（但科学家们希望，在未来，这种技术将允许许多瘫痪的人在短短 几个小时内重新开始行走。） ”可知，文章主要介绍了科学家通过植入特殊装置让瘫痪者恢复行走能力，所 以“植入物帮助瘫患者再次行走”可以作为文章标题。故选 C 项。

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