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(共42张PPT)
高考解题思路之
利用“主旨”破题
阅读理解篇
01.
掌握“主旨”的概念及特征
02.
03.
Objectives
了解高考阅读题对“主旨”的考查形式
学会利用“主旨”破题
01. 阅读理解 考 查
———————————
阅读+理解
高考出题背景——能力考察
考察能力
考生要求
分析、归纳文章段落大意、重要情节、人物特征、环境特点的能力
把握主题、理解中心思想的能力
总体上把握文章
理解主题句或中心句
概括、判断、归纳、推理
添加标题
Conveniently iterate top-line alignments for wireless metrics.
近四年高考真题中主旨题分布概况
2023 文章体裁 2022 文章体裁 2021 文章体裁 2020 文章体裁
新高考I 32.段落主旨 说明文 21.文章来源 应用文 31.文章标题 记叙文 7.主旨推断 记叙文
34.段落主旨 说明文 35.段落主旨 说明文 11.文章目的 12.文章主旨 书评
说明文
全国甲（I） 27.文章标题 说明文 3. 文章来源 应用文 32.段落主旨 说明文
31.文章主旨 记叙文 15.文章标题 议论文 35.文章标题 说明文
全国乙（II） 32.段落主旨 议论文 27.文章类型 书评 24.段落主旨 说明文 27.文章主旨 说明文
35.文章来源 31.文章标题 说明文 31文章标题 记叙文 35.文章标题 记叙文
新课标II 27.文章标题 说明文
28.文章来源 说明文
鹅，鹅，鹅
曲项向天歌
白毛浮绿水
红掌拨清波
鹅
“鹅”
“鹅”的脖子
“鹅”的白毛
“鹅”的红掌
鹅，鹅，鹅
曲项向天歌
白毛浮绿水
红掌拨清波
鹅
Para. 1
Para. 2
Para. 3
Para. 4
Title
如何确定主旨：
2. 文章第一段首句/尾句
4. 文章反复出现的词
3. 文章每段首/尾句
1. 标题
Type 1
段落大意
Type 2
文章大意
Type 3
文章标题
Type 4
写作意图
“主旨”考点1：“主旨大意”题
题干表现形式
主题型
目的型
标题型
The main idea of the passage is ______
What is the passage mainly about
The passage is mainly about ________
The passage is meant to _________
The purpose of the article is to ______
The best title for the passage might be ___
What’s the most suitable title for this passage
Type 1
段落大意
Type 2
文章大意
Type 3
文章标题
Type 4
写作意图
“主旨”考点1：“主旨大意”题
25. What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about
A. The cost of making "Apes."
B. The creation of digitalized apes.
C. The publicity about “Apes."
D. The performance of real apes.
例题1 (2020全国III)The creative team behind "Apes" used motion-capture (动作捕捉) technology to create digitalized animals, spending tens of millions of dollars on technology that records an actor’s performance and later processes it with computer graphics to create a final image (图像). In this case, one of a realistic-looking ape.
高考直通车
总结1：体现主旨的中心词会反复出现
B
补充1: 考查词汇3500+（包括词汇变形，如前后缀含义等）
Type 1
段落大意
Type 2
文章大意
Type 3
文章标题
Type 4
写作意图
“主旨”考点1：“主旨大意”题
31．What is the text mainly about
A．A childhood dream.
B．An unforgettable experience.
C．Sailing around the world.
D．Meeting animals in Antarctica.
例题2 (2022·全国甲卷阅读C)
As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica, she found herself greeted by a group of little Gentoo penguins (企鹅) longing to say hello. These gentle, lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget.
高考直通车
总结2：主旨句读懂看句子主干（主谓宾）；
中文是提示词
B
Type 1
段落大意
Type 2
文章大意
Type 3
文章标题
Type 4
写作意图
“主旨”考点1：“主旨大意”题
35. What is the best title for the text
A. Human Voices: a surprising deep-rooted fear in wildlife
B. Lions: the primary source of threat for the local animals
C. Lion Sounds: the potential use for wildlife protection
D. Humans: the impact on decreasing rhino population
例题3（2023南宁市教学质量调研 阅读D）
Despite heavy illegal hunting of rhinos, South Africa’s Kruger National Park is still a natural paradise. One of the largest remaining lion populations in Africa lives there. Yet there is something the local animals fear even more than the big cats.
Liana Zanette of Western University in Ontario and her colleagues were able to show that animals react most strongly to human voices and flee in response. ...
旧题复现
补充2: “伪分段”
第一段的主旨句含有指代不明的词或第二段开头出现转折词，此时，主旨将出现在第二段。
补充1: 转折词如but，yet，however等后的内容往往是作者真正想要表达的观点
A
Type 1
段落大意
Type 2
文章大意
Type 3
文章标题
Type 4
写作意图
“主旨”考点1：“主旨大意”题
35．What is the purpose of the passage
A．To introduce the idea of exemption.
B．To discuss methods to cure measles.
C．To stress the importance of vaccination.
D．To appeal for equal rights in medical treatment.
例题4（2017·北京）Measles(麻疹), which once killed 450 children each year and disabled even more, was nearly wiped out in the United States 14 years ago by the universal use of the MMR vaccine(疫苗). But the disease is making a comeback, caused by a growing anti-vaccine movement and misinformation that is spreading quickly. Already this year, 115 measles cases have been reported in the USA, compared with 189 for all of last year.
高考直通车
c
“主旨”考点2：题与“主旨”，“主旨”与题
1. 题目是
____________
的题目
2. 正确答案是____________
的答案
《2019·全国·高考真题》
观察题目与答案，思考并回答两个问题（6 mins）
例题5（2019·全国）Marian Bechtel sits at West Palm Beach’s Bar Louie counter by herself, quietly reading her e-book as she waits for her salad. What is she reading None of your business! Lunch is Bechtel’s “me” time. And like more Americans, she’s not alone.
A new report found 46 percent of meals are eaten alone in America.
1．What are the statistics in paragraph 2 about
A．Food variety.B．Eating habits.C．Table manners.D．Restaurant service.
2．Why does Bechtel prefer to go out for lunch
A．To meet with her coworkers.B．To catch up with her work.C．To have some time on her own.D．To collect data for her report.
3．What do we know about Mazoleny
A．He makes videos for the bar.B．He’s fond of the food at the bar.C．He interviews customers at the bar.
D．He’s familiar with the barkeeper.
4．What is the text mainly about
A．The trend of having meals alone.B．The importance of self-reflection.C．The stress from working overtime.D．The advantage of wireless technology.
1. 题目是____________的题目
围绕主旨
1．What are the statistics in paragraph 2 about
A．Food variety.B．Eating habits.C．Table manners.D．Restaurant service.
2．Why does Bechtel prefer to go out for lunch
A．To meet with her coworkers.B．To catch up with her work.C．To have some time on her own.D．To collect data for her report.
3．What do we know about Mazoleny
A．He makes videos for the bar.B．He’s fond of the food at the bar.C．He interviews customers at the bar.
D．He’s familiar with the barkeeper.
4．What is the text mainly about
A．The trend of having meals alone.B．The importance of self-reflection.C．The stress from working overtime.D．The advantage of wireless technology.
2. 正答是____________的答案
围绕主旨
02. 限时训练
结合本节课所学，完成《2021江苏卷》（6 mins）
（2021 江苏南通）We’ve known that sitting for long periods of time every day has countless health consequences, like a higher risk of heart disease. But now a new study has found that sitting is also bad for your brain.
A study published last week, conducted by Dr. Prabha Siddarth at the University of California, showed that sedentary (久坐的) behavior is associated with reduced thickness of the medial temporal lobe (中颞叶), a brain area that is critical to learning and memory.
The researchers asked a group of 35 healthy people, aged 45 to 70, about their activity levels and the average number of hours each day spent sitting and then scanned their brains. They found that the subjects who reported sitting for longer periods had the thinnest medial temporal lobes. It means that the more time you spend in a chair, the worse it is for your brain health, resulting in possible damage to learning and memory.
What is also interesting is that this study did not find a significant association between the level of physical activity and thickness of this brain area, suggesting that exercise, even severe exercise, may not be enough to protect you from the harmful effects of sitting.
It then surprisingly turned out that you don’t need to move much to enhance cognition (认知); just standing will make it. For example, two groups of subjects were asked to complete a test while either sitting or standing. Participants are presented with conflicting stimuli (刺激), like the word “green” in blue ink, and asked to name the color. Subjects thinking on their feet beat those who sat by a 32 millisecond margin.
The cognitive effects of severe physical exercise are well known. But the possibility that standing more and sitting less improves brain health could lower the bar for everyone.
I know, this all runs counter to receive ideas about deep thought, from our grade school teachers, who told us to sit down and focus, to Rodin's famous “Thinker” seated with chin on hand.
They were wrong. You can now all stand up.
1．What can we infer from Paragraphs 3 and 4
A．Sedentary behavior will possibly damage our brain.
B．Severe exercise can reduce the damage of sitting.
C．Severe exercise can greatly improve our brain health.
D．Brain health has nothing to do with sedentary behavior.
2．What does the underlined word “enhance” in Paragraph 5 mean
A．keep B．weaken C．improve D．decrease
3．What is the received idea about deep thought
A．Sitting more is good for our mental health. B．Sitting is better when we think.
C．Exercise more can improve our cognition. D．We should stand while thinking.
4．The passage mainly tells us ________.
A．people tend to sit while thinking
B．physical exercise can improve our brain health
C．sedentary behavior leads to countless health problems
D．standing more can make our brain healthier
03. 积累与巩固
词（块） 含义 词（块） 含义
create v. 创造
creation n. 创造
creative a. 富有创造力的
Word Bank
Homework
复习课上所学，完成活页课后练
Thanks
关键词
关键词
关键词
关键词
1.关键词原则：
(ps:如果一个词反复出现在文章任何一处或者题目任意一题，它反而不是定位词)
2.同义替换
3.题文同序
4.话题一致
（黄鼠狼与鸡太美）
关键词
5.只看一句
1 有一只鸡叫太美，它跟黄鼠狼是邻居。
2 过年了，黄鼠狼盘算着去鸡太美家里拜年。
3 路上遇到了一只隔壁鸭太极，搓了一顿麻将。
4 眼见着太阳快下山了，黄鼠狼告辞了鸭太极，直奔鸡太美的农场。幸好，鸡太美并没有计较它的迟到。他俩快快乐乐地过了个好年。
黄鼠狼与鸡太美
请问：这篇文章讲了什么？
A. 黄鼠狼与鸡太美之间的恩怨情仇。
B. 黄鼠狼与鸭太极是好朋友。
C. 鸡太美喜欢鸭太极。
D. 黄鼠狼与鸡太美之间的友谊。
√
立德树人
核心价值
育人功能
语文：
市摸底考：“家风”
玉林市联考：应对百年未有之大局的变与不变
数学：
市摸底考：甲醛浓度与室温的关系（生态）
玉林市联考：2021年东奥，举重与体重
英语：
玉林市联考：
B篇：Greta 对我的影响 （人与社会）
C篇：洗车方式对环境的影响 （人与自然）
D篇：老年人的心理健康 （人与社会）
完型：一对夫妻教会女儿学会分享，感恩生命
（人与社会、人与自我）
27.What is the best title for the text （ ）
A. Storing Solar Energy for Buildings
B. Keeping Buildings Cool with Cold Water
C. Changing the Way Buildings Are Built 73.17%
D. Rethinking How Buildings Are Cooled
1.靠主题做题：所有的选项必须符合主题
例题1：（2021南宁市摸底考B）
University of Arizona architecture students won the first place in a national competition for a project that reimagines the way buildings store energy for cooling. (Para 1)
35.What can be the conclusion of the study ( )
A. Body posture affects our confidence level.
B. Confidence lead to good body posture.
C. Body posture affects professional performance.
D. Personal trait affect professional performance. 89.91%
例题2：（2021南宁市摸底考D）
Sitting up straight in your chair isn't just good for your posture, it also gives you more confidence in your own thoughts according to a new study. (Para 1)
2.靠“找”做题
定位答案：找到与题干意思相近的句子
理解：利用简单句+定状补读懂这个句子
（单词看不懂：背！ 语法不行：做题！）
找不到答案时：往下走一句
句中有代词时：往上走一句
例题3：（2021南宁市摸底考B）
The Sun Block concept, designed specifically for the Sonoran Desert, focuses on cooling. The main way it is different from a traditional district energy system is that each Sun Block building would have its own solar-powered system that cools the water, rather than one central building doing it all. (Para 5)
24.How is the SunBlock concept different from a traditional district energy system
25.From Paragraph 7, we can learn that SunBlock buildings are ...
(“找”的原则：题文同序)
A. Cold water cooling the air.B. Less cold water for buildings.C. One cooling system for one building.D. One central building for all buildings.
03. 几 项 原 则
关键词
关键词
关键词
关键词
1.关键词原则：
(ps:如果一个词反复出现在文章任何一处或者题目任意一题，它反而不是定位词)
2.同义替换
3.题文同序
4.话题一致
（黄鼠狼与鸡太美）
关键词
5.只看一句
1 有一只鸡叫太美，它跟黄鼠狼是邻居。
2 过年了，黄鼠狼盘算着去鸡太美家里拜年。
3 路上遇到了一只隔壁鸭太极，搓了一顿麻将。
4 眼见着太阳快下山了，黄鼠狼告辞了鸭太极，直奔鸡太美的农场。幸好，鸡太美并没有计较它的迟到。他俩快快乐乐地过了个好年。
黄鼠狼与鸡太美
请问：这篇文章讲了什么？
A. 黄鼠狼与鸡太美之间的恩怨情仇。
B. 黄鼠狼与鸭太极是好朋友。
C. 鸡太美喜欢鸭太极。
D. 黄鼠狼与鸡太美之间的友谊。
04. Practice
5-8mins
S
W
O
T
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优势-S
SWOT分析法
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劣势-W
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威胁-T
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机会-O
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单击输入标题
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关键词
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