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2024译林版八年级下册期末短文选词填空集中练
题号 一 总分
得分
一、选词填空-短文：本大题共10小题，共100分。
1.
push past; cut in on others; keep one's voice down; say "excuse me"; as well; bump into; shake hands; say "thank you"
Have you ever held a door for someone and they did not say "thank you" or smile Has anyone ever (1) you and then not said anything These are examples of bad manners. Little things like this can grow into bigger problems and bad habits as people grow older.
So what does having "good manners" mean to you Good manners are ways of treating people so that people feel better about themselves and about each other.
When someone does something for us or gives us something, (2) is good manners. When we hurt someone, saying "I'm sorry" is also good manners. It's good manners (3) when you try to pass a person.
Good manners are more than words. Good manners are actions (4) . It could be as simple as sitting up straight or (5) with someone new you meet! When we give someone our seat on a bus, when we (6) in a museum or restaurant, when we knock before entering a room, those things show good manners.
Sometimes, good manners can be the things we don't do. When we don't talk with a full mouth, (7) , or (8) someone in your way, that is showing good manners.
Like any other skill, you have to practise good manners.
(1) (2) (3) (4)
(5) (6) (7) (8)
2.
good; while; quick; most; for; attention; careless; before; fast; clear
People are often killed (1) crossing the road. (2) of these people are old people and children. Old people are often killed because they usually cannot see or hear (3) . Children are often killed because they are (4) . They forget to look and listen before they cross the road. A car, truck or bus can't stop very (5) . If a car is going very fast, it will run forward (6) it stops. But pedestrians (行人) don't always understand this. They think a car can stop within a few metres. The (7) a car is travelling, the longer it takes to stop. It is very difficult (8) a pedestrian to know how fast a car is travelling.
The only safe way to cross the road is to look both ways, right and left. Then if the street is clear, it is safe to cross. The (9) way to cross the road is to walk quickly. But you must pay (10) to the surroundings(周围环境). Remember: Don't run. It's not safe.
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
(6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
3.
lead; think; happen; traffic; such; learn; excited; report; return; city
Morris Frank was a blind American. His dog Buddy is 1 to be the first seeing eye dog in America. .
This amazing story 2 in November 1927, when Morris Frank was a 20-year-old student. Frank's father read him an article by Dorothy Eustis, a woman living in Switzerland. She had seen shepherds (牧羊人) training dogs to 3 blind people around. Frank was 4 and he wrote to Eustis to ask if there was 5 a dog to help him. That letter led Frank to spend five weeks in Switzerland 6 to be guided by Buddy. Buddy was with Frank when he 7 to the United States.
Newspaper 8 waiting for them in New York couldn't believe that a dog could safely guide a blind man through a modern 9 . To their surprise, Buddy confidently led her master across the streets through the heavy 10 .
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
(6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
4.
work for; ready; so far; comfortable; set up
MSF stands for Médecins Sans Frontières. It's also known as Doctors Without Borders(无国界医生). Médecins Sans Frontières is French. This organization was (1) by some French doctors and reporters in 1971. Since then, MSF has sent trained doctors all over the world to help people who have suffered from disasters, such as wars and illnesses. Every year, about 3,000 doctors and nurses (2) MSF. And over 27,000 doctors have volunteered for MSF (3) . The organization received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1999. All kinds of doctors can volunteer for MSF. They need to be (4) to go anywhere in the world. Most of MSF's work is in Africa. Generally, when MSF chooses doctors for a task, they have to go for at least six months.
But why would doctors leave a (5) life and good pay to join MSF Some of them say the experience is a great help in their life. And they say that it's great to give others a helping hand.
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
5.
he; live; final; lucky; people; risk; success; achieve; meet; much; be; touch
In October 2021, a local newspaper told a story of a common man, Jia Shuangdeng. He 1 from Shaanxi Province. He not only works hard but has helped many deaf people 2 a better life as well.
At the age of 14, something 3 happened to Jia and turned him into a deaf person. Sad and heartbroken, he had to leave school and learned by 4 at home for more than two years. Later, with other 5 help, he cheered up and made a living by making shoes. He 6 many difficulties but he faced them bravely and kept on working hard. 7 , his shoes became popular and sold well. After a few years, he started his own factory and it was 8 However, he didn't forget those who had helped him. So he decided to help the people in need. These years, he has offered many deaf people chances to work.
What he did has benefited (有益于) lots of deaf people. "The person I want to thank 9 in my life is Mr Jia. Thanks to him, I've got a good job and have a happy life now. He always tells us although we are disabled, we can also 10 our dreams by working hard," said Xie Ting, who was helped by Jia.
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
(6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
6.
she; make; club; much; value; different; he; tell; work kind; parent; understand
Last year we had a new classmate. 1 name is Danny. He was tall and handsome with dark brown eyes. Many classmates liked him.
One day, we 2 that we would have a school trip at the end of the month. The whole class got very excited and the girls began to discuss what to wear and what to bring with them. But Danny simply told everyone he wouldn't go.
"Don't you like it, Danny " our teacher Mr Sims asked with 3 .
Danny stood up and said, "It's too much money for me. My dad is ill in bed. My mum 4 in a supermarket every day. I'm not asking them for money."
"I'm very proud of you that you can understand your 5 . Not every student of your age can think about this, " Mr Sims replied.
Then Mr Sims said to the class, "This year, we are going to do things 6 . Would you like to raise money for the trip by yourselves I hope each of you can come up with at least one idea. And we 7 a plan tomorrow."
"Well, my family can afford the trip. Do I still have to do that " Shelly asked.
"Shelly, this will be a different and 8 learning experience for everyone, whether you have the money or not."
That day, we knew Danny 9 than before because he was not only honest but also brave. His behaviour (行为) helped us 10 what his family had or didn't have couldn't decide who he was. He won the respect of many of us.
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
(6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
7.孟母三迁
become, talent, education, live, time, dig, students, interest, by, for, so, because
Mencius's mother was a great mother. To make her son get a good education, she moved her family three (1) .
When Mencius was a child, he lived near a graveyard (墓地), (2) he often played near the tombs and imitated (模仿) people's crying or (3) the tombs.* When his mother saw this, she said, "It's not a good place for a child (4) ."
Then she moved the family to a house near a market. Soon Mencius began imitating people's hawking (沿街叫卖) and bargaining (讨价还价). He found it (5) and played again and again.
His mother found this place was not still good (6) a child to live. She decided to move away again.
At last they settled down near a school. Before long, Mencius began imitating the (7) reading and writing. He (8) more polite and hard-working. Then his mother said, "This is a good place for a child to live."
When Mencius grew up, he was well-known for his politeness and (9) .
This story tells us a good (10) environment is very important for children.
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
(6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
8.嫦娥奔月
what, success, give, he, on, choose, make, save, regret, like
Several versions of the Mid-Autumn Festival story about Chang'e flying to the moon are spread in the folklore. The most popular one is that a powerful archer (弓箭手), Hou Yi, shot down nine suns and (1) people from suffering. As a reward, Wangmu, the Queen of Heaven, (2) him the elixir (长生不老药). Hou Yi was not willing to become immortal (长生的) (3) and gave the elixir to Chang'e, his wife, for safekeeping. (4) the 15th day of the eighth lunar month, when Hou Yi was out, his apprentice (徒弟), a bad man, forced Chang'e to hand over the elixir. Chang'e had no (5) but to swallow it quickly. After eating it, Chang'e became immortal and had to fly to the moon. Later, Hou Yi dreamt Chang'e. Chang'e told Hou Yi about her (6) in the dream and said: "When the moon is full, you can use flour to make round cakes (7) the moon, and place them in the northwest of the house, and keep calling my name. Then I will have the chance to come home." When the moon was full, Hou Yi did as (8) his wife told him, Chang'e flew back from the moon at midnight, and the couple were (9) reunited. It is said that the custom of (10) mooncakes during the Mid-Autumn Festival originated from this.
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
(6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
9.冬至
use; mean; say; while; celebrate; old; festival; especial; the; eat
There are different foods and activities in the south and north in China to celebrate the winter solstice(冬至).
In the south
The winter solstice is thought to be one of the most important Chinese (1) celebrated in winter. It is a time for families to get together, (2) for families in southern China or overseas Chinese.
In many coastal areas there's a traditional custom of worshipping ancestors(祭祖) on the winter solstice. At (3) same time, there is also another custom in some places. People there offer sacrifices (祭品) to gods of Heaven and to hope for good luck in the coming year.
On the day of the winter solstice, most people in Guangdong Province have the custom of (4) roasted meat and ginger fried rice(炒姜饭). In Chaoshan, people have meat balls, (5) Hakka people make wine during the winter solstice.
In other parts of southern China, especially in Zhejiang and Jiangsu Provinces, (6) winter solstice, people would make and eat tangyuan. What's more, tangyuan could not only be (7) to worship ancestors but also be the gift to relatives and friends.*
In the north
In northern China, dumplings are a must-have food of the winter solstice. Eating dumplings on the winter solstice (8) gaining positive energy and getting rid of negative power. There is an old (9) , "In November(of the Chinese lunar calendar), as the winter solstice is coming, every family eats boiled dumplings."
In Tengzhou, Shandong Province, the winter solstice is called shujiu, and gifts such as mutton are given to (10) before the festival. Every family has mutton soup, which is good for individuals, elders and families.
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
(6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
10.灵动算盘

make; at; century; easy; and; be; slow; use; early; different; but; take
The abacus(算盘) was invented by Chinese people long long ago, which is known as "Chinese computer".
Many 1 ago, the abacus developed in many countries throughout Europe, the Middle East and China. Its use was recorded in China as 2 as the 6th century BC.
Different styles of abacuses were used in 3 countries. The use of abacuses in the Western world stopped many years ago 4 they are still widely in use in China.
Since it is simple 5 an abacus and cheap to buy one, and it is 6 to remember abacus rhymes(珠算口诀), simple and convenient to calculate(计算) with an abacus, which is called abacus calculation, the abacus is widely used in China. There 7 many experts in the use of the abacus in walks of life, and some people can use an abacus with two hands 8 the same time.
Later the abacus 9 spread into Japan, Korea, America, and countries and regions in Southeast Asia. People find that 10 an abacus can improve thinking and practical abilities in addition to providing convenient calculation.
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
(6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
答案和解析
1.【答案】【小题1】
pushed past
【小题2】
saying "thank you"
【小题3】
to say "excuse me"
【小题4】
as well
【小题5】
shaking hands
【小题6】
keep our voice down
【小题7】
cut in on others
【小题8】
bump into
【解析】1. 略
2. 略
3. 略
4. 略
5. 略
6. 略
7. 类
8. 略
2.【答案】【小题1】
while
【小题2】
Most
【小题3】
clearly
【小题4】
careless
【小题5】
quickly
【小题6】
before
【小题7】
faster
【小题8】
for
【小题9】
best
【小题10】
attention
【解析】1. 略
2. 略
3. 略
4. 略
5. 略
6. 略
7. 略
8. 略
9. 略
10. 略
3.【答案】【小题1】
thought
【小题2】
happened
【小题3】
lead
【小题4】
excited
【小题5】
such
【小题6】
learning
【小题7】
returned
【小题8】
reporte
【小题9】
city
【小题10】
traffic
【解析】1. 略
2. 略
3. 略
4. 略
5. 略
6. 略
7. 略
8. 略
9. 略
10. 略
4.【答案】【小题1】
set up
【小题2】
work for
【小题3】
so far
【小题4】
ready
【小题5】
comfortable
【解析】1. 略
2. 略
3. 略
4. 略
5. 略
5.【答案】【小题1】
is
【小题2】
to live/live
【小题3】
unlucky
【小题4】
himself
【小题5】
people's
【小题6】
met
【小题7】
Finally
【小题8】
successful
【小题9】
most
【小题10】
achieve
【解析】1. 略
2. 略
3. 略
4. 略
5. 略
6. 略
7. 略
8. 略
9. 略
10. 略
6.【答案】【小题1】
His
【小题2】
were told
【小题3】
kindness
【小题4】
works
【小题5】
parents
【小题6】
differently
【小题7】
are going to make/will make
【小题8】
valuable
【小题9】
more
【小题10】
understand/to understand
【解析】1. 略
2. 略
3. 略
4. 略
5. 略
6. 略
7. 略
8. 略
9. 略
10. 略
7.【答案】【小题1】
times
【小题2】
so
【小题3】
digging
【小题4】
to live
【小题5】
interesting
【小题6】
for
【小题7】
students'
【小题8】
became
【小题9】
talent
【小题10】
educational
【解析】1. 由下文可知，孟母搬了三次家。time意为“次；次数”时，为可数名词，故填times。
2. 由空格后的he often played near the tombs and imitated people's crying可知，孟子在坟墓周围玩耍，并模仿人们哭，这是他家住在墓地旁带来的结果，so意为“因此”，连接表结果的并列句，符合语境。故填so。
3. 由常识并结合所给选项可知，此处指孟子模仿人们哭泣或挖墓。or连接两个并列成分，故填digging。
4. to live与place搭配，应用动词live，作place的后置定语，第四段第一句以及第五段最后一句亦是提示。故填to live。
5. 由空格后的played again and again可知，孟子发现模仿沿街叫卖和讨价还价很有趣，interest的形容词interesting符合句意。故填interesting。
6. 句意为“他的母亲发现这个地方仍然不适合孩子居住”。be good for意为“对……有益；适合”，符合语境。故填for。
7. 由空格后的reading and writing可知，空格所填词是修饰这两个动名词的，应用students的所有格形式。故填students'。
8. 由本段最后一句可知，孟母认为学校旁是一个好的居住地点。由此可推知，孟子变得更加有礼貌和勤奋。全文时态用的都是过去时，此处应填become的过去式，故填became。
9. 众所周知，孟子长大后，以彬彬有礼、才华横溢而闻名。故填talent。
10. 句意为“这个故事告诉我们一个良好的教育环境对孩子是非常重要的”。修饰名词environment应用形容词，故填educational。
8.【答案】【小题1】
saved
【小题2】
gave
【小题3】
himself
【小题4】
on
【小题5】
choice
【小题6】
regret
【小题7】
like
【小题8】
what
【小题9】
successfully
【小题10】
making
【解析】1. 由空格后的people from suffering可知，此处指最流行的说法是，一个强壮的弓箭手后羿射下了九个太阳，使人们免于苦难。save…from…意为“把……从……中拯救出来”，由于事情发生在过去，故填saved。
2. 由本句中的As a reward可知，王母娘娘给了他长生不老药，作为奖励。give sb. sth.意为“给某人某物”。故填gave。
3. 由下文gave the elixir to Chang'e…for safekeeping可知，后羿不愿意自己长生不老，此处应填he的反身代词，故填himself。
4. 在具体的某一天用介词on。故填on。
5. have no choice but to do sth.意为“别无选择，只能做某事”，固定句型，此处需填choose的名词形式，故填choice。
6. 由第一段最后两句可知，嫦娥没有选择，只能把长生不老药吞下，后来不得不飞到月亮上。她不能与心爱的丈夫生活在一起，这是她的一大遗憾，故填regret。
7. 由上下文可知，此处指用面粉做像月亮一样的圆饼。like意为“像”，符合语境。故填like。
8. 分析句子结构可知，从句中told缺少宾语，what符合句意。。此处表示月圆时，后羿按照妻子告诉他的做了。故填what。
9. 副词修饰动词reunited，再由语境可知，此处应用success的副词形式，故填successfully。
10. make mooncakes意为“做月饼”，符合语境，由于作介词of的宾语，第二段的make round cakes亦是提示。故填making。
9.【答案】【小题1】
festivals
【小题2】
especially
【小题3】
the
【小题4】
eating
【小题5】
while
【小题6】
to celebrate
【小题7】
used
【小题8】
means
【小题9】
saying
【小题10】
elders
【解析】1. 由常识可知，冬至是中国的节日之一，又因为“one of + the + 形容词最高级+名词复数”是固定结构，意为“最……的之一”，故填festival的复数。故填festivals。
2. 空格后指的是一个特例，指特别对于中国南方或海外华人家庭来说。作状语，故填especial的副词especially，表示“特别；尤其”。故填especially。
3. at the same time意为“同时”，固定短语。故填the 。
4. 由空格后的食物可知，应选eat，又因为of为介词，后接动词-ing形式，故填eating。
5. 空格前后的两个句子表示鲜明的对比，应用while，意为“然而”。故填while。
6. 下文提到的人们包汤圆、吃汤圆是庆祝冬至的方式，故选celebrate，又因为此处是动词不定式表示目的，故填to celebrate。
7. be used to do sth. 意为“被用来做某事”，此处指汤圆不仅可以被用来祭祖，还会被当作礼物送给亲戚朋友。故填used。
8. 空格后半句是对前半句的解释，mean意为“意味着”，符合语境，又由于此处是动名词作主语，且描述一般性事实，故填means。
9. 空格后引号里讲的是一个谚语，saying意为“谚语”，符合语境。There is an old saying意为“俗话说”。故填saying。
10. 由上下文可知，在节日之前，人们会给长辈送羊肉等礼物，故填old的变形elders，意为“长辈”。文章最后一句亦是提示。故填elders。
10.【答案】【小题1】
centuries
【小题2】
early
【小题3】
different
【小题4】
but
【小题5】
to make
【小题6】
easy
【小题7】
are
【小题8】
at
【小题9】
slowly
【小题10】
using
【解析】1. 算盘在欧洲的许多国家、中东和中国得到发展是许多世纪以前的事，故填century的复数形式centuries。
2. as…as意为“和……一样”，固定搭配，两个as之间用形容词或副词的原级，故填early。此处表示“早在公元前6世纪”。
3. 句意为“不同的国家使用不同风格的算盘”。different意为“不同的”，符合语境。
4. 本句前半句的意思是“算盘的使用在西方世界许多年前就停止了”，后半句的意思是“它们在中国仍被广泛使用”，空格前后为转折关系，故填but。
5. It is+ adj. + to do sth. 意为“做某事……”，固定句型。make意为“制作”，符合语境。故填to make。
6. 由上文的simple以及选项可知，珠算口诀容易记忆，故填easy。
7. 本句为there be句型，由空格后的many experts可知，此处应填are。
8. at the same time意为“同时”，固定短语。
9. 算盘传入日本、朝鲜、美国和东南亚的国家和地区是一个缓慢的过程，此处修饰动词spread，故填slow的副词形式slowly。
10. 句意为“人们发现使用算盘除了提供方便的计算之外，还可以提高思维和实践能力”。作主语，要用动名词，故填using。
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