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关系代词as ；介词+关系代词
限制性定语从句关系代词
限制性定语从句关系副词
关系副词 (relative adverb) 所指代 (即先行词) (antecedent) 在定语从句中
所作句子成分
(sentence part)
when
where
why
表时间
时间状语
=in/on/at/during which
表地点
地点状语
=in/on/at which
reason
原因状语
=for which
关系代词as
特殊关系代词 as 的用法
As引导限制性定语从句：
As 可做关系代词，表同类。即可指人，也可指物。在从句中做主语、宾语或表语。当先行词含有so, such, as, the same 时，关系代词用as。 构成结构：such….as, the same….as, as many … as(和…一样多）， as much …as ; as/so….as（…样的人）
I’d like to make friends with such _____are positive.
This is the same bike ___I bought yesterday.
She is so cute a girl _______everyone wants to be with.
She will marry as handsome and wealthy a man ___she can find.
as
as
as
as
主语
宾语
as副词：（程度或数量上）同样，一样
He has many books, but I have just as many.
[=I have the same amount of books that he has]
as 连词：像…一样
The fabric was soft as silk.
He is as brave as he is loyal.他既英勇无畏又赤胆忠心。
As….as结构：像…..一样
as误区警示
1.当先行词被 the same修饰时，也可用that引导定语从向
但指同一物，而不是同一类。
This is the same bike____I lost two months ago
这就是两个月前我丢的一辆自行车。
This is the same bike ___I lost two months ago
这辆自行车跟两个月前我丢的那辆一样。
that
as
(同一辆自行车)
(同样的自行车，但不是同一辆)
Taiwan belongs to China，as everybody knows.
As is known to us, Taiwan belongs to China.
Taiwan, as is known to us, belongs to China.
正如大家所知道的（众所周知），台湾属于中国。
She thinks him narrow-mined, as it probably is.
她认为他心胸狭窄，他可能真是这样。
as 引导的非限制性定语从句，代表整个主句，
as 在从句中作宾语或主语或表语。
意义：正如
位置：主句之前或之后或中间；把主句当事实。
As引导非限制性定语从句：as通常代替整个主句，在从句中做主语、宾语或表语
关系代词as引导的定语从句总结
(1)as用于限制性定语从句
He is such a respectable man as we all respect .
He is such a respectable man that we all respect him.
This is the same wallet as he lost yesterday.
This is the same wallet that he lost yesterday.
(2)as用于非限制性定语从句，表示“正如，像……一样” ，其位置可放在主句前面，也可放在后面。而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句后面，且无“正如”之意。
He came back home late, as we expected.
As is pointed out, this is a grammar problem.
As is known to us all, he is the tallest student in our class.
这和我昨天丢的那块表一样。
这正是我昨天丢的那块表。
连词that，引导结果状语从句，在从句中不做成分。
关系代词as，引导定语从句，在句中做成分。
常与as连用的词有 know, see, expect, point out 等。
介词+关系代词
“介词+关系代词“使用的三种情况
Part 1
1. when相当于“ at/in/on/during等 + which”
I remember the day when (=on which) I settled in China.
2. where 相当于“ in/at/on等 + which”
The house where (=in which) Mark lived is now a library.
3. why 相当于“for + which”
Is that the reason why (=for which) she suddenly changed her mind
“介词+关系代词“使用的三种情况
1. 关系副词when，where，why引导定语从句时，也可用“介词+which”代替关系副词。作状语
1) I remember the day/year______ which the war began.
=I remember the day/year ______ the war began.
2) The USA is a large country ____ which many different dialects are spoken.
=The USA is a large country ______ many different dialects are spoken.
on/in
when
in
where
1. This is the student for whom I bought a book.
2. The couple to whom we talked volunteered help after the volcano erupted.
2. 关系代词充当介词的宾语时，一般情况下，介词可前置或后置。
前置时，关系代词只能用which或whom,不可用that/who。先行词指物时用which，先行词指人时用whom。介宾
注意：当定语从句的动词与介词是不可分割的固定搭配时，介词不能放到关系代词之前。
She has a little daughter, who is looked after by her grandma.
X She has a little daughter, after whom is looked by her grandma.
更多搭配：look for/after/forward to；care for(照顾，喜欢）care about；hear of/about/from, take care of等
2) This is the factory _____________ I once worked in.
=This is the factory in___________ I once worked.
=This is the factory __________ I once worked.
where
which
(that/which)
1) Do you want a friend _________________ you could tell everything to, …
=Do you want a friend to ________ you could tell everything, …
(whom/who/that)
whom
1) The boy _______________ she is taking care of is an orphan（孤儿）.
2) Did you find the book __________ you were looking for
(who/whom/that)
(which/that)
3. “名词，不定代词或基数词 + of + which (指物)/whom (指人)”在定语从句中作主语，说明整体中的一部分。所属关系
1. China has lots of islands, one of which is Hainan Island.
2. The building had been repaired, the roof of which was destroyed again in a big fire.
3. Miss Liu has a lot of students, some of whom are girls.
whose roof
“介词+关系代词“中介词的选用
Part 2
1. 根据先行词的搭配或从句中的动词、形容词等的搭配(即固定短语)。
(1)Yesterday we visited the West Lake for which Hangzhou is famous.
(2) He is the student from whom we should learn.
(3) I remember the days during which I lived here.
(4) I can’t remember the age at which he won the prize.
2. 根据句子的意思来选择。
(1) This is the pilot with whom my brother has worked for ten years.
(2) This is the pilot by whom my son was saved.
(3) He was educated at the local high school, ___________he went on to Beijing University. 他在当地的高中上的学，之后他去了北大上学。
after which
“介词+关系代词“中介词的选用
3.表示所属用of
The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% ___________are sold abroad.
这家工厂每年生产50万上袜子，其中的80％销往海外。
of which
“介词+关系代词“一些结构
Part 2
1名词+ of + which (指物)/whom (指人)
1. the +n.+ of which/whom = whose +n.
The house ___________ was damaged has been repaired.
A. the window of which
B. of which the window
C. whose window
D. the window of it
2 不定代词或基数词 + of + which (指物)/whom (指人)
2. one/two/three…
some/a few/several
many/much
all/both/each
most/half
none/neither
two-thirds /…%
the largest/larger...
the first/second...
of whom/which…
1 Your speech was heard by a group of judges, all of ________ agreed that it was the best one this year.
=Your speech was heard by a group of judges, and all of ______ agreed that it was the best one this year.
=Your speech was heard by a group of judges. All of _______ agreed that it was the best one this year.
whom
them
them
2He wrote a lot of novels, most of __________ were translated into foreign languages.
=He wrote a lot of novels, and most of __________ were translated into foreign languages.
=He wrote a lot of novels. Most of __________ were translated into foreign languages.
which
them
them
China has thousands of islands, the largest of ________ is Taiwan.
=China has thousands of islands, and the largest of ________ is Taiwan.
=China has thousands of islands. The largest of ________ is Taiwan.
= China has thousands of islands, of ________ Taiwan is the largest.
which
them
them
which
3 介词+which +名词
3 at/during/by/on which time…
in which place/city/ country …
in which case…
for which reason…
which advice/fact/idea…
Call again at 11, by which time the meeting should be over. (=and by this time)
The postman comes at 6.30 in the morning, at which time I am usually fast asleep.
Tom spent four years in college, during which time he learned French.
He may have missed the train, in which case she won’t arrive for another hour.
I called him by the wrong name, for which mistake I apologize.
He was born in Chicago, in which city he died.
We told him to see the doctor, which advice he took.
用恰当的关系代词，关系副词或“介词+关系代词”完成句子。
1. The days are gone _______ physical strength was all you needed to make a living.
2. The USA is a country ______ many different dialects are spoken.
3. The reason _______ he explained at the meeting sounds reasonable.
4. It’s helpful to put children in a situation _____ they can see themselves differently.
5. I saw a house, the windows of ______ were broken.
6. She has two sons, both of _____ graduated from Harvard University.
7. — Do you have anything to say for yourself
— Yes. There is one point _________ I must insist on.
8. — What do you think of teaching, Bob
— It is a job ____________ you are doing something serious but interesting.
9. It was in the village ______ he once lived that he got his junior education.
10. We have entered into an age _____ dreams have the best chance of coming true.
when
where
that/which
where
which
whom
which/that
where/in which
where
when
合并句子
1. My hometown has taken on a new look. I spent most of my childhood there.
2. Do you remember the day On that day we played together.
3. The reason is unknown. He carried a first-aid kit.
4. We’ll go to hear the famous singer. We have often talked about the famous singer.
5. The plane is very comfortable. We flew to Beijing in the plane.
6. There are sixty students in our class. Thirty of the students in our class are boys.
7. We settled down in a small village. In front of the village ran a winding river.
My hometown , where I spent most of my childhood, has taken on a new look.
Do you remember the day when we played together
The reason why he carried a first-aid kit is unknown.
We’ll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked.
The plane in which we flew to Beijing is very comfortable.
There are sixty students in our class, thirty of whom are boys.
We settled down in a small village, in front of which ran a winding river.
California, ______ official nick-name is the Golden State, is one of the fastest growing states in the United States. The first people _____ explored and settled in California were the Spaniards, _____ gave Spanish names to its two great cities, Los Angeles and San Francisco. 1849 was the year _____ Americans came and also the time ______ gold was discovered. The reason _____ the men _____made movies came to California was ____ the weather here is fine. The sun allowed them to take pictures outdoors nearly every day in the year. Hollywood, _____lies in the northwestern part of he city of Los Angeles the movie capital of the world. When oil was discovered. People came to work in the oil field World War I was the period ______ many large airplane factories were built in California.
whose
that
when
who
which
when
that
who
why
when

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