资源简介

(共25张PPT)
Unit 5
EDUCATION
Aristotle
伽利略·伽利雷
Galileo Galilei
Lesson 3
Understanding
Which of the following may help you acquire knowledge more effectively Discuss in pairs and give explanations.
to be interested in the topic to ask questions to discuss topics with friends
to be relaxed and happy
to have time to think about what you have learnt
Asking questions may help me acquire knowledge more effectively.
In doing this I will be able to clear away the barriers on my road to understanding, which makes it quicker to acquire knowledge and suits my specific needs.
Being relaxed and happy helps me acquire knowledge more effectively.
Let me present an example. When I am tired or depressed, I can’t focus on what I’m learning, and then how could I even possibly acquire knowledge.
Read paragraph 1. According to the writer, how do we acquire knowledge and achieve understanding Complete the flow chart.
To start with, we need __________.
Then, to find answers, we _________________
_________________________.
After that, we ________________________________________
___________________.
questions
observe the world around us and study the facts
consider possible answers and test each to find the right ones
Read for details
观察
考虑
Read paragraphs 2-3. Complete the sentences. (Ex3)
Fast reading: Read and explore
1. Francis Bacon believed that the way to gain knowledge is _________. But most people in his days believed ____________.
2. Galileo Galilei proved that ____________________________
________; But many people in his days ______________________________________________________________________________________________.
thinking
more in religion
the Earth was not the centre of the
universe
tended to ignore the facts and didn’t want to challenge what they had always comfortably believed
3. Aristotle’s understanding of the universe was that ______________________________________ because _____________________________________.
4. It is still often true today that ____________________
____________________________________________.
people don’t want to
the Earth must be the centre of the universe
it felt like the Earth was standing still
abandon what they’ve always thought as true
Answer the questions. (Ex4)
1. What position did Bacon hold during his days and what was his true interest
2. At first people approved of Galilei’s studies, but later they got angry. Why
3. Why did people choose to believe views that were about 2,000 years old
4. Were great men in history always correct Give examples.
5. According to the writer, will anyone be in the position to say “We know it all.” Use examples to explain.
Answer the questions.
1 .What position did Bacon hold during his days and what was his true interest
2. At first people approved of Galilei’s studies, but later they got angry. Why
Bacon held an important rank under King James (1566-1625) of England. His true interest was the worthy search for knowledge.
They didn’t want to abandon what they had always thought was true.
para.2
para.3
3 Why did people choose to believe views that were about 2,000 years old
4 Were great men in history always correct Give examples.
Because they were unwilling to challenge what they had always comfortably believed.
No. Galilei made mistakes. He believed that the Earth moved round the sun in a perfect circles. But he was wrong.
5 According to the writer, will anyone be in the position to say “We know it all.” Use examples to explain.
None of us can say “We know it all”. Bacon and Galillei knew that knowledge and understanding are things to fight for.
para.2
para.3
para.4
Skill Builder
Understanding Coherence in context
The repetition of key terms or phrases makes meaning coherent in a text.
The use of synonyms and antonyms helps enhance coherence in a text.
Linking words such as since, so, afterwards, then, although, but, however, etc. can help connect meanings in sentences.
Pronouns such as he, she, it, they, etc. help carry meaning on into the next point in a text.
Read for skills
重复
同义词和反义词
连接词
代词
衔接
Find out what each pronoun refers to in the text.
Example After that, we consider possible answers and test each to find the right ones. (Para.1) ones= answers
1. ... he was going against the views of the day. (Para. 2)
he = ________________
2. This was certainly not the interest ...
(Para. 2)
This = ______________________
3. ... what they had always comfortably believed. (Para. 2) they = ______________________
the search for knowledge
Francis Bacon
the church and most people
4. … they grew angry and put him in prison (Para. 3)
they = __________
5. … then it must be so. (Para. 3)
it = _____________
6. He is now known as … (Para. 3)
He = ___________
people
assumption
Galilei
Read the text. Which of the linking words mean the same as these
Example: as = for
afterwards, but, since, so he could, so, to start with, when, next
later = afterwards however = but
because = since in order to = so he could
therefore = so at first = to start with
then = next
Circle the linking words in the text that the writer used in order to express his / her opinion coherently.
It seems obvious now how we acquire knowledge and understanding. To start with, we need questions. Then, to find answers, we observe the world around us and study the facts. After that, we consider possible answers and test each to find the right ones. Although today we are more used to typing a few key words into a search engine and waiting for the Internet to give us an answer, modern scientists and thinkers are still solving the world’s problems with this type of analysis—luckily for us.
However, in the 17th century when Francis Bacon (1561-1626) suggested that this type of thinking was the way to gain knowledge, he was going against the views of the day. Although Bacon held an important rank in King James’ royal court of England, his true interest was not the day-to-day, slow and inefficient working style of the government, but the worthy search for knowledge. This was certainly not the interest of most people in his days. At that time, people believed more in the church than in facts, and people like Galileo Galilei (1564-1642), who proved the idea that “the Earth is not the centre of the universe”, were often punishedbythe church with no one coming to theirdefence.
The church and many people tended to ignore the facts and didn’t want to challenge what they had always comfortably believed. In fact, when Galilei proved that the Earth was not the centre of the universe, instead of believing him, people chose to believe views that were almost 2,000 years old!
It is not surprising that people wanted to believe these primitive ideas as they had been put forward by the great philosopher Aristotle (384-322 BCE). He said that the Earth must be the centre of the universe because it felt like the Earth was standing still. Galilei disagreed. At first, people approved of his studies and urged him to continue, but later when he proved Aristotle wrong, they grew angry and put him in prison. They didn’t want to abandon what they’d always thought as true. And this is still often true today. People make the assumption that if someone important and respected says that something is right, then it must be so. But even though Aristotle was a great man who inspired many great scientists and philosophers after him, he was wrong at times. And Galilei also made mistakes. He is now known as the father of astronomy but he believed that the Earth moved round the sun in a perfect circle. He was wrong.
Therefore, our understanding of the world around us is constantly growing and changing. In other words, we learn more every day and none of us can ever sit back and say, “We know it all.” We need to thank the great men of the past for their wisdom. They understood that we don’t know everything and probably never will, as this would mean a world with questions.
We owe so much of our knowledge and understanding of the world to people like Bacon and Galilei, who were brave enough to step out from the shadows of conventional thought in order to find the kingdom of knowledge that today’s civilisation is built upon. These men knew that knowledge and understanding are things to fight for; more vital to a man, and more beneficial to mankind, some might say, than all the money in the world.
1 What do you think the last sentence of the passage means
2 What is the writer’s attitude towards the way of acquire knowledge How did the writer make his/ her opinion clear to the readers Find the expressions that show the writer’s attitude.
After reading
Think and share
1 What do you think the last sentence of the passage means
I think the last sentence of the text means that knowledge and understanding are more important than money. They are more helpful and useful because they can guide our ways of learning about the world and help us solve problems all the time wihle money can just buy certain goods and solve problems for some time.
2 What is the writer’s attitude towards the way of acquire knowledge
The writer’s attitude to acquiring knowledge is to keep asking questions and respect facts.
The following sentences all contain false information. Use the words and phrases below to correct them.
inefficient approve of didn’t want to abandon constantly growing and changing continue
1. In Bacon’s days, the working style of the government was very efficient.
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
In Bacon’s days, the working style of the government was very inefficient.
Read for deep understanding
2 People were strongly against Galilei’s studies at first and then they urged him to give up.
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
3 Our understanding of the world is stable.
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
People approved of Galilei’s studies at first and then they urged him to continue.
Our understanding of the world is constantly growing and changing.
4 People in the past were willing to give up what they had always thought as true. _____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
People in the past didn’t want to abandon what they had always thought as true.
After reading
Look at the Word Builder. Find the verbs or phrases from the text that can go together with the nouns given. And add more.
Word Builder
knowledge
acquire
gain
learn
accumulate
idea
put
forward
prove
put
forth
come up
with
get
After reading
Look at the Word Builder. Find the verbs or phrases from the text that can go together with the nouns given. And add more.
Word Builder
problem
solve
come
across
fact
study
ignore
accept
neglect
know
How did the writer make his/ her opinion clear to the readers Find the expressions that show the writer’s attitude.
The writer illustrated his/ her points by using examples of Galilei and ideas from great thinker like Bacon. The expressions that show the writer’s attitudes are like: it seems obvious, luckily for us, however, it is not surprising, primitive ideas, it felt like, make the assumption, was wrong at times, sit back and say, a world with questions, owe so much…to, step out from the shadow, to find the kingdom of knowledge, more vital to, more benificial to…
People used to think our planet was flat, but as time went on, it was gradually proved that in fact the earth is round. Search on the Internet, find out the process of people’s changing beliefs about the shape of the earth and give a presentation.
Homework
Thank you

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