资源简介

一单元　
第一组 senior adj.高级的，年长的
[词汇拓展]
be senior to sb. 某人级别高;比某人年长
a senior officer/manager 高级军官/经理
senior high(school)
senior citizens 老年人
He is senior to me,though he is younger.他虽然比我年轻，但职位比我高
He is five years senior to me.=He is senior to me by five years.
=He is five years my senior.=He is my senior by five years.他比我大5岁。
第二组 curious　adj.好奇的
[词汇拓展]
be curious to do sth 很想做某事
be curious about 对...感到好奇
It is curious that...
out of curiosity 出于好奇
with curiosity 好奇地
The young man is curious to know what his salary is this month.
这个年轻人很想知道他这个月的薪水是多少
The little girl was curious about everything she saw.
这个小女孩对她看到的一切都感到好奇
第三组 impression是名词,意为“印象;感想”。
My first impression of him was favourable.他给我的第一印象很好。
Their trip to China made a strong impression on them.中国之行对他们的触动很大。
【词汇拓展】
impress vt.　　 　　　使钦佩;使敬仰;给……留下深刻印象
impressive adj. 令人赞叹的;令人敬佩的
make/leave/have a(n)...impression on sb. 给某人留下……的印象
impress sb.with sth. 某事(物)给某人留下印象
impress sth.on/upon sb. 使某人意识到(重要性或严肃性等)
be impressed by/with... 对……印象深刻
What impressed me was their ability to deal with any problem.
让我印象深刻的是他们处理任何问题的能力。
The teacher impressed the importance of English on/upon me.
老师让我意识到英语的重要性。
We were deeply impressed by what we saw and heard on the first day of school.
开学第一天的所见所闻令我们印象深刻。
【迁移应用】单句填空
(1)He had given a very________(impress) performance.
(2)My teacher impressed the importance of being honest_______me.
(3)Punishment seemed to make no__________(impress) on the child.
(4)The girl impressed us________her skillful hands.
第四组 tradition n.传统
[词汇拓展]
traditional adj.传统的
It is traditional (for sb.)to do sth. 对某人来说)做某事是传统。
break with tradition 打破传统
by tradition 按照传统风俗
第五组eagerness　n. 渴望
[词汇拓展]
eager adj. 渴望的，有欲望的
be eager for sth.be eager for sb. to do sth. 渴望sb.去做sth..
渴望sth. be thirsty for/long for sth/be dying for/be greedy for
渴望去做sth. long to do sth./be dying to do sth./be keen to do
She is eager for her parents’ approval.Many students are eager to find a good way to have their handwriting improved.
[迁移应用]
1)Since Mo Yan won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2012, his fans have been ______________(eager) waiting for his new novels to be published.2)I wasn’t able to hide my ___________(eager) when I asked, “What do you wish me to do now ”3)There was a marked change in the disabled students’ attitudes. They became more positive about their disabilities and were more eager_______(try) new things.
第六组 explore　 v.探索
[词汇拓展]
探索未知世界 explore the unknown world
探索太空 explore space
探索新文化 explore new cultures
The large-scale plan for offshore oil exploration has begun.
海上石油勘探的大型计划已经开始。
I will use this trip to explore the history of the castle.
我将利用这次旅行来探索城堡的历史。
第七组breathe是不及物动词,意为“呼吸”。
Without the nose,we could not breathe or smell.没有鼻子,我们不能呼吸或闻气味。
【词汇拓展】
breath n.　　　　　呼吸;气息
breathe in/out 吸气/呼气
out of breath 上气不接下气
take a deep breath 深吸一口气
hold one’s breath 屏住呼吸
The doctor told me to breathe in deeply and then breathe out slowly.
医生叫我深吸一口气,然后再慢慢地呼出。
When you feel nervous,it is good for you to take a deep breath to get relaxed.
当你感到紧张时,深呼吸有助于你放松。
We held our breath to listen when Mr Smith announced the results of the exam.
当史密斯先生宣读考试结果时,我们都屏息静听。
【迁移应用】单句填空
(1)When I hurried to school,I was almost out of_______(breathe).
(2)It is harmful to breathe________such polluted air.
第八组in panic是由“介词+名词”构成的短语,意为“惊慌地”,其中的panic既能作名词,又能作动词。
Office workers fled in panic when the building caught fire.
大楼着火时,办公人员惊慌失措地逃走了。
Decisions made in panic are almost always bad ones.
恐慌中做出的决策几乎总是很糟糕。
【词汇拓展】
panic→panicked→panicked→panicking
get into a panic　　　　 陷入惊慌中
panic sb.into doing sth. 使某人仓皇行事;使某人仓促行动
There’s no panic. 不用着急。
There’s no point getting into a panic about the exam.It’s not as difficult as you imagine.对考试惊慌失措是没有用的。它并不像你想象的那样难。
There’s no panic.We’ve got plenty of time.不用着急。我们有的是时间。
【迁移应用】完成句子
(1)她十分惊慌,以为把入场券丢了。
She _______ when she thought she had lost the admission ticket.
(2)战争爆发了,吓得许多人离开了这个国家。
The war broke out and many people ____the country _________.
第九组 turn around是动词短语,意为“转身”,是一个不及物动词短语。
Turn around and let me look at your back.
转过身去让我看看你的后背。
You are going east;to go west,you have to turn around.
你正在向东走,去西边的话,你得转个身。
【词汇拓展】
turn away　　 转过脸去;把某人拒之门外;解雇
turn down 降低,减弱;拒绝
turn back 折回,往回走;使停止前进,挡住
turn into 变成;进入
turn on 打开
turn off 关掉
turn out 生产;出产;结果是
turn over 反转;翻过来;翻身;移交
turn to　　　　向……求助;翻到(书页);开始行动
turn up 把……向上翻;卷起;出现,到来
I thanked him for the offer but turned it down.我谢绝了他的提议。
We will,indeed,turn the evidence over to the police.我们当然会把证据交给警方。
【迁移应用】用适当的介副词填空
(1)The king may turn___some of his official posts to his son.
(2)Please turn 　　　　　the radio because that baby is sleeping.
(3)In this case,we have no choice but to turn 　　　　　others.
(4)We may need more food,depending on how many people will turn 　　　　　.
(5)It turns　　that just looking at green,growing things can reduce stress,lower blood pressure,and put people into a better mood.
第十组embarrassed是形容词,意为“尴尬的;难堪的”,用来描述人的心理感受。
When we went out together,I never felt embarrassed any more.
当我们一起出去的时候,我再也不会感到尴尬了。
He was embarrassed by his poor performance in sports.
他因为自己体育成绩不好而尴尬。
【词汇拓展】
embarrass vt.　　　　　 使尴尬;使难堪;使窘迫
embarrassing adj. 令人尴尬的;令人困窘的
embarrassment n. 窘迫;令人困窘的人或物
to one’s embarrassment 令某人尴尬的是
Meeting adults embarrassed the shy child.遇见大人使这个害羞的孩子很困窘。
It’s embarrassing to introduce yourself to strangers.把自己介绍给陌生人很尴尬。
I nearly died of embarrassment when he said that.他说那话差点儿把我给难堪死了。
【迁移应用】
用embarrass的适当形式填空
(1)I was___by his comments on my clothes.
(2)The old man suffered much__ __in his youth.
(3)The girl became an___ __to her parents when she grew up.
(4)My son asked me an___question.
第十一组 apply是不及物动词,意为“申请,请求”,接宾语时,后面通常加介词to(sb.)或for(sth.);apply作及物动词时,意为“应用,实施;运用”。
The deadlines and what you need to apply depend on the program.(2019全国卷Ⅰ)
最后期限和你需要申请什么取决于程序。
She applied to the international school for a job as an English teacher.
她向这所国际学校申请英语教师的职位。
After graduation from university,I’ll apply what I have learned to my future job.
大学毕业后,我会将所学知识应用到未来工作中。
【词汇拓展】
application n.　　　 应用,运用;请求;申请;申请表
applicant n. 申请人,请求者
apply oneself to 　　　致力于
apply one’s mind to 专心于
apply...to... 把……应用于……
We have received 400 applications for the job.
对这份工作,我们已经收到400人的申请。
This applicant is by far better than that one.目前这个申请者比那一个好。
Tom has applied himself diligently to learning Chinese.汤姆孜孜不倦地学中文。　
【迁移应用】单句填空
(1)The boy has applied himself 　　　　　this task with considerable energy.
(2)The position,　　 which you are applying,however,is not quite a well-paid one.
(3)The advertisement attracted a large number of 　　　　　(apply).
第十二组 fit是形容词,意为“健康的;强健的”,还有“适合的”的意思;fit作动词时,意为“适合;合身;安装”。
It’s not just corporate jobs,or even paid work that can help keep your brain fit.
不仅仅是公司的工作,甚至是有报酬的工作都可以帮助你保持大脑健康。
The new shoes don’t fit him well.They are too small.这双新鞋有点小,不太适合他。
【词汇拓展】
be fit for　　 适合;胜任
be fit to do 适合做……
keep/stay fit 保持健康
fit in with 与……相适应,与……相协调
That bottle of milk is not fit to drink because it is out of date.
那瓶过期的牛奶不适合饮用。
Meng Hao’s mother believes that he’ll fit in with the new classmates.
孟浩的妈妈相信他能与新同学相处融洽。
【词汇辨析】
(1)fit指大小、尺寸、形状合适,引申为“吻合”;
(2)suit指符合某人的口味或服装颜色、款式等的相配或适合,使人看上去有吸引力;另外,用于比喻意义时多用suit;
(3)match多指大小、颜色、形状等协调,通常被译为“匹配”。
【迁移应用】选词填空(fit/suit/match)
I want to buy this jacket because it 　　　　　me well and 　　　　　my trousers,although the colour doesn’t 　　　　　me.
第十三组 experienced是形容词,意为“有经验的,熟练的”,通常作定语或表语。
It’s a team packed with experienced and mature professionals.
那个小组里都是些经验丰富的专业人士。
Our English teacher is very experienced in creative teaching.
我们的英语老师在创造性教学方面很有经验。
【词汇拓展】
experience n.　　　　　　经验;经历 vt. 经历,体验,感受
have experience in sth. 在……方面有经验
from/by experience 凭经验;从经验中(得出)
be experienced in/at 在……方面有经验
He had many interesting experiences while travelling in Africa.
他在非洲旅行时,有许多有趣的经历。
【迁移应用】用experience的适当形式填空
(1)This is the first time she 　　　　　　　　　disappointment.
(2)I had a few rather strange 　　　　　the other day.
(3)She has become quite 　 　　　　at teaching primary school students.
第十四组argue是不及物动词,意为“争论,辩论,说服”,常与介词about或with搭配。
I’m not going to argue with you,but I think you’re wrong.
我不想与你争辩,但是我认为你错了。
She argued with him.她和他争论。
They argued with each other about the best place for a holiday.
他们为最佳的度假地点而争论。
【词汇拓展】
argument n.　　　　争论,辩论;论据
arguable adj. 可论证的;可疑的
argue with sb.about/over sth. 与某人争论某事
argue sb.into 说服某人(做某事或接受某种意见)
argue sb.out of 说服某人不做某事/打消某种念头
argue against 反驳
argue for 赞同;主张
have an argument with sb.about/over sth. 与某人争论某事
argue about
The head teacher argued her out of throwing away the good opportunity.
校长劝她不要放弃这个好机会。
Many experts argue for the ban of riding motorcycles in the city.
许多专家主张禁止在城市中骑摩托车。
【迁移应用】
用适当的介副词填空
(1)I said smoking was harmful to health.At last,I argued him ____smoking.
(2)They were having an argument 　　　　　whose turn it was to do the cleaning.
(3)We argued him 　　　　　　withdrawing his complaint.
(4)A chimpanzee(黑猩猩) can’t win an argument 　　　　　a modern man,but it can tear the man apart like a rag doll.(2019江苏卷)
第十五组 come along意为“来吧;一起来;一起走;进展;出现”。如果需要接宾语,后面加介词with。
There’s a big press launch today and you’re most welcome to come along.
今天有一个大型的媒体推介会,非常希望您能光临。
If you are going to the beach in the summer vacation,can I come along with you
如果你暑假去海边,我可不可以和你一起去
【词汇拓展】
come about　 发生
come across (偶然)遇见,发现
come back 回来;回想
come from 来自
come off 离开;脱落;举行
come on 跟着来;进步;快点
come out 出来;长出;出版;结果是
come to 共计;达成;苏醒;归结为
come up 走近;上来;被提及
come up with 想出;提出;提供;赶上
Can you explain how it came about that you were an hour late for class
你上课迟到一个小时,对此你怎么解释呢
Her cat came up and rubbed itself against her legs.她的猫跑上前来,在她腿上蹭来蹭去。
【迁移应用】用come的相关短语填空
(1)My parents often 　　　 　　some good proposals for me.
(2)The gardener went into his garden to see if the flowers had 　　　　　.
(3)We’ve just 　　 　　　an old friend we haven’t seen for ages.
(4)Spokesman Williams says those talks are 　 　　　　quite well.
第十六组 care about在句中意为“关心”,宾语可以是人也可以是事物,还可意为“在乎;计较;忧虑”。
He thinks of only himself and doesn’t care about other people.
他只想到自己,从不关心他人。
I don’t care about what he will say.我不在乎他会说些什么。
The company may be in danger,so we care about that.
公司可能面临危险,我们因此而忧虑。
【词汇拓展】
care for　　　　　　照顾;喜欢
take care of 照顾;处理
under/in the care of 由……管理/照管
with care 仔细地,认真地,小心地
take care 当心,留神;保重,珍重
Roses will always have thorns but with care they can be avoided.玫瑰花都有刺,不过只要小心就碰不到。
【迁移应用】用适当的介副词填空
(1)They have taught me to care 　　　　　other people more than myself.
(2)Mary didn’t go to work that day because she had to care 　　her sick mother.
(3)The storehouse is 　　　　　the care of a retired worker.
第十七组 take up意为“占用;占据”,是及物动词短语。此外,还可表示“开始从事;拿起;着手处理”。
I’m sorry to have taken up so much of your time.对不起,我占用了你这么多时间。
The piano takes up too much space.这架钢琴占据了太多的空间。
What led you to take up acting as a career 是什么使你从事了表演行业
【词汇拓展】
take away 　　拿走;带走;夺走
take back 退回;拿回;归还
take down 记下;拆卸
take in 吸收;理解;欺骗
take off 脱下;起飞;休假;(事业)腾飞
take on 呈现;雇用
take out 取出;拔掉;带出去
take over 接管;接任
Many animals died because we have taken away their shelter and food.许多动物死去了,因为我们夺走了它们的庇护所和食物。
You have to remind Jane to take out the garbage.你得提醒简把垃圾拿出去。
We eventually took off at 12 o’clock and arrived in Italy at 18:30.
我们最终在12点起飞,18:30到达意大利。
【迁移应用】用take的相关短语填空
(1)I couldn’t 　　　　　the professor’s lecture at all.It was too difficult for me.
(2)Congratulations!You have been 　　　　　by our boss.
(3)It is certain that if he retires,his son will 　　　　　the business.
第十八组 graduate是不及物动词,意为“毕业”,后面通常与介词from或in连用;此外,graduate还可以作名词,意为“毕业生”。
He was born in 1982 in Oxford and graduated from Oxford University.他1982年出生在牛津,后又从牛津大学毕业。
I graduated in English and have been an English teacher for 20 years.
我毕业于英语专业,当英语老师已经有二十年了。
Through it all,she remained in good academic standing and graduated with honors.(2020山东卷)经过这一切,她始终保持着良好的学术地位,并以优异的成绩毕业。
【词汇拓展】
graduation n.　　　　毕业
graduate from 毕业于(大学)
graduate in 毕业于(专业)
graduation ceremony 毕业典礼
graduation certificate 毕业证书
Have you kept in touch with your classmates after graduation
你毕业后和同学们还保持联系吗
The girl got married as soon as she graduated from university.
这个女孩大学一毕业就结婚了。
The graduation ceremony took place in the college auditorium.
毕业典礼在学院礼堂举行。
注意:graduate是一个短暂性动词,不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。
【迁移应用】用适当的介副词填空
(1)Mary graduated 　　　　　Medicine from Yale University last year.
(2)After graduating 　　　　　Harvard University,he returned to his motherland.
第十九组 take part in意为“参加,参与”,是及物动词短语。
Students in our school take part in all kinds of after-school activities actively.
我校学生积极参加各种课外活动。
How many countries will take part in the 2020 Olympic Games
将有多少国家参加2020年奥运会
【词汇辨析】
take part in中part前不加冠词,但是当part前有形容词修饰时,需加不定冠词,如take an active part in“积极参加”;take part in后面不跟宾语时,不使用介词in。
【迁移应用】选词填空(take part in/ join/ join in/ attend)
Many friends came to　　 　　　 my birthday party yesterday.
Some of them began to sing “Happy Birthday” to me,and soon others _them.We all enjoyed ourselves.
Because we had to get up early to school the next morning,we had to end the party at nine.
第二十组 frightened是形容词,用来描述人的心理感受,意为“受惊的,害怕的”。
At the sight of the dog,she was too frightened to move.
一看见这条狗,她吓得不敢动了。
Because of her last terrible experience,she is frightened to go out at night.
因为上次可怕的经历,她现在晚上害怕出门。
【词汇拓展】
fright n.　　　　　　　　惊吓,恐怖
frighten vt. 使惊恐,使害怕
frightening adj. 吓人的,令人害怕的
be frightened at/of...　　　害怕……
be frightened to death 吓得要死
frighten sb.into/out of doing sth. 恐吓某人做/不做某事
The eagle suddenly flew in the air and frightened me.
那只鹰突然飞上天空,吓了我一跳。
I had a frightening encounter with a poisonous snake.
我曾意外地遇到过一条毒蛇,吓得我要命。
Don’t frighten me into doing something I don’t want to do.
别威胁我去做我不想做的事。
【迁移应用】单句填空
(1)Were you 　　　(fright) at the sight of your mother’s 　　　　　(fright) look
(2)Mary was too 　　　　　(frighten) to tell her family the　　　　(frighten) scene because it frightened her 　　　　　death.
第二十一组 deal with意为“应对,应付”,是及物动词短语;还可表示“涉及;处理;论述;做生意”等。
I will get someone else to deal with them.我会另外找个人来对付他们。
We have dealt with that firm for many years.我们跟那家公司做生意已经很多年了。
We need to deal with the insecure nature of our telecom networks.
我们需要处理我们电信网络不安全性这个问题。
【词汇拓展】
make a deal 　　　　 达成协议;做成交易
That’s/It’s a deal. (口语)成交;就这么办吧。
a great/good deal of 大量,许多(后接不可数名词)
deal in 经营,做……生意
The factory has made a new deal with a buyer in Canada.这家工厂已经和加拿大的一位买家达成了一项新协议。
There is a great deal of evidence indicating that listening to soft music can reduce stress.有大量的证据表明,听轻音乐能减轻压力。
The store deals in silk,and we have dealt with it for many years.
这家商店做丝绸生意,我们与它有多年生意往来。
【词汇辨析】
deal with和do with都有“处理”的意思,但在疑问句中,deal with与how 连用;do with与what连用,what作do的宾语。
I don’t know how to deal with my spare time.=I don’t know what to do with my spare time.
我不知道怎样处理我的业余时间。
【迁移应用】完成句子
(1)这类问题如果处理不当,会造成极其严重的后果。
Such problems may prove fatal if not properly 　　　　　　　　　　.
(2)男孩们不知道放学后该做些什么。
The boys didn’t know what　　　　　 　　　themselves after school.
第二十二组 go all out意为“全力以赴,竭尽全力”,是不及物动词短语。
They will go all out to get exactly what they want.
他们将尽最大努力得到他们想要的东西。
We are sure to win the match so long as we go all out.
只要我们全力以赴,一定能赢得比赛。
【词汇拓展】
go against 　　违反;违背;反对
go by 走过;过去;依照
go down 下去;下沉;下降
go in for 从事于;酷爱;参加
go on 继续;发生;进行
go out 出去;熄灭
go through 经历;经受;翻阅,翻找
go up 上涨;上升;攀登;建立起来
go with 伴随;与……相配
go without 没有……也行;将就
Prices of fruit and vegetables have gone up.水果和蔬菜涨价了。
The noise was so loud that I couldn’t go on studying.噪音太大,我无法继续学习。
...climbers go through five ecosystems in the space of a few kilometers.(2019全国卷Ⅰ)……登山者在几千米的距离内经历了五个生态系统。
【迁移应用】用go的相关短语填空
(1)During her illness her weight 　　　　　from 50 kilos to 40 kilos.
(2)Now he is in trouble.We should 　　　　　to help him.
(3)It was evident that someone had 　　 　　　my possessions.
第二十三组 come to an end意为“结束;终止”,是不及物动词短语。
The meeting didn’t come to an end until midnight.会议直到午夜才结束。
All good things must come to an end,however beautiful an experience is.
再好的事情也有曲终人散的时候。
【词汇拓展】
put/bring an end to sth.(=put/bring sth.to an end) 　　　　结束某事,终止某事
end up with 　　　　以……结束
in the end 最后,终于
at the end of 在……的尽头
by the end of 到……为止
from beginning to end从头到尾
on end 　　　　　　竖着;直立着;连续地;持续地
The Three Gorges Dam has brought an end to the danger of flooding.
三峡大坝结束了洪水成灾的历史。
I have listened to the English song from beginning to end.
我把这首英文歌从头到尾听完了。
He is a wonderful companion and we can talk for hours on end.
他是个非常好的同伴,我们可以连续聊上好几个小时。
【迁移应用】用适当的介副词填空
(1)That horror movie made my hair stand 　　　　　end.
(2)It’s hoped that the talk can bring an end 　　　　　the war as soon as possible.
(3)He had finished his great works 　　　　　the end of 2018.
(4)It’s a pity that all his efforts to get that job ended up 　　　　　failure.
第二十四组 sharp adj.敏锐的，聪明的，锋利的，急剧的，尖刻的，剧烈的 sharply adv.急剧地，尖刻地 sharpen v.使变锋利，使提高keep a sharp eye on sb. 密切注意某人 have a sharp mind/brain 有敏锐的头脑a sharp increase/fall in prices 价格的急剧上涨/下跌 be sharp with sb. 对某人说话尖尖刻 a sharp pain 一阵剧痛“Is there a problem ”he asked____(sharp)
第二十五组 intelligent adj.有智慧的，聪明的，机智的，智能的 intelligence n.智力，智慧 intelligently adv.聪明地a highly intelligent child 非常聪明的孩子artificial intelligence (AI)人工智能
第二十六组 investigate v.调查，查明，研究 investigation n.调查 investigate an incident调查事件under investigation 正在调查中，接受She is still under______(investigate). 她仍在接受调查。第二十七组 gain v.
（1）获得赢得 gain one’s respect/trust 获得某人的尊重/信任（2）vt.从……中获益;得到(好处) gain sth by/from.…. 从……中获取某物;从……中获益 gain in sth 在……方面增加/增长 gain weight/confidence/experience增加体重/信心/经验· （3）n.收益;获利;财富 No pain,no gain(谚语)不劳则无获
(1)我们都从这次经历中获益了。We all_____the experience.(2)最近我的体重增加了。 I've____ recently.第二十八组 calm adj.镇静的；沉着的 vt.&vi.(使）平静；（使）镇静
He took a deep breath to calm himself down.
stay/remain/keep calm 保持镇静calm…down 使……平静（安静或镇静）calm down 平静；安静；镇静’
[词汇辨析]calm/quiet/still/silent辨析
①calm指“沉着的，镇静的”，指天气“无风的”，指海洋“风平浪静的”
②quiet平静的；安静的，指没有吵闹声、噪声
③still静止的，强调一动也不动
④silent沉默的，不说话的；无声的，指人时强调沉默不语；指环境时表示不喧闹的，无声的
[迁移应用]用keep calm; keep quiet; keep silent; keep still 填空
When facing danger, one should ______________;
when taken photos of, one should _____________;
when someone else is asleep, one should ________________;
when in class, one shouldn’t __________________about the teacher’s questions.
第二十九组 sight n.看见；看到
catch sight of 看见；瞥见at the sight of一看见lose sight of看不见；忽略；忘记lose one’s sight失明in/within sight在眼前out of one’s sight 在视线外
第三十组 rate n.比率 费用/v.对...评估，评价/划分等级
first-rate/second-rate...一流的...
at any rate /anyway无论无何 At any rate, the medical supplies will reach you within a week.
at this/that rate 这样/那样的话 If you go on at that rate,you will damage your health.
rating n.等级 排名
The university is highly rated for its research.
第三十一组 memorize v.记住 熟记
memory n.记忆
in memory of 为了纪念...
memorable adj.难忘的，值得纪念的
第三十二组 depend on 依靠 取决于...=rely on/ count on/ be up to
keep calm 保持冷静=stay calm [calm(sb/oneself) down 使...平静下来]
make the most of 利用= make the best of/ make (full) use of
When the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.
When He geys upset, He will take a few deep breaths to calm himself down.
The exam is coming, you should make the most of your time.
重要句式
1.I was looking at the photos on the noticeboard when I heard a voice behind me.(教材P2)我正在看布告栏上的照片,这时突然听到身后有个声音。
【句式剖析】这是一个sb.was/were doing sth.when...句型,其中的when是并列连词,意为“在那时”,相当于and then或and at the same time。
【句式拓展】when作并列连词时常用于以下句型中:
be doing sth.when...正在做……这时……
be about to do sth.when...=be on the point of doing sth.when...正要做……这时……
Tom was about to close the window when his attention was caught by a bird.汤姆正要关窗户,这时一只小鸟吸引了他的注意。
I had just finished my test paper when the bell rang.我刚写完试卷,铃声就响了。
【迁移应用】
单句填空
(1)I was wandering through the street　　　　　 a beggar stopped me for some money.
(2)Jack had just arrived home 　　　　　he received an urgent order.
(3)He was on the point of 　　　　　(run) away when the police came.
(4)I 　　　　(walk) along the river when I heard a drowning boy crying for help.
2.I had been too nervous to pay attention when he introduced himself!(教材P3)
他自我介绍时,我太紧张了,根本没注意!
【句式剖析】这是一个“too+adj.+(for sb./sth.) to do sth.”句型,表示“太……以至于不能做某事”。
The coat is too small for me to wear.这件外套太小了,我穿不上。
The gate is too narrow for a car to get through.这门太窄了,汽车过不去。
【句式拓展】该结构在大多数情况下表示否定意义,但在下列几种情况下,表示肯定意义:
(1)too...to...前有never,not,no longer,but,only,all等词时,这一结构表达肯定意义。
(2)not 置于动词不定式前,成为too...not to do结构时,原来表示否定意义的不定式再次受到否定,变为肯定意义,意为“太……不会不”或“非常……必定能……”。
(3)too 后为 anxious, eager, easy, glad, happy, pleased, excited, ready, satisfied, kind, willing等表示态度、心情、倾向等方面的形容词时,too 相当于very much,表示肯定意义。
The box is not too heavy for me to carry.这个箱子并不重,我提得动。
The kind girl is too ready to help others.这位善良的女孩非常乐意帮助别人。
It’s too wrong of you to have made such foolish mistakes.你犯这种愚蠢的错误实在是大错特错。
【迁移应用】
翻译句子
(1)I’ll be only too glad to join in your games.
(2)They are all too satisfied to get the results.
答案得到这样的成绩,他们都觉得很满意。
(3)She is too eager to find a new job.
答案她太渴望找到一份新工作了。
3.His words made me a lot more relaxed!(教材P5)他的话让我轻松多了!
【句式剖析】这是“make+宾语+宾语补足语”结构,形容词relaxed作宾语补足语。make作使役动词时,后面一般接复合宾语。
The smell of cooking makes me hungry.烧菜的味道令我感到饥饿。
The Internet makes our life and work more convenient.
互联网使我们的生活和工作更方便了。
These developments are likely to make our current problems with robocalls much worse.这些发展可能会使我们目前的预录电话问题更加严重。
【句式拓展】
(1)make+宾语+名词
(2)make+宾语+省略to的不定式
(3)make+宾语+过去分词
He has made it a rule to read English aloud in the morning.
他已养成了早上大声朗读英语的习惯。
She made her children wash their hands before eating.她要孩子们在吃东西前洗手。
The speaker raised his voice in order to make himself heard.
发言人提高了嗓音以便别人能听到他说的话。
注意:若此句型中作宾语补足语的名词为表示职位或头衔的名词,此名词前不加任何冠词;省略to的不定式作宾语补足语时,变为被动语态后,不定式须带to。
He was the youngest,but they decided to make him captain.
他最年轻,但他们仍决定选他当队长。
Children should be made to understand the importance of saving water.
应该让孩子们懂得节约用水的重要性。
【迁移应用】
用所给词的适当形式填空
(1)Taking some medicine made me 　　　　　(feel) much better.
(2)We should not make our plan 　　　　　(know) to everybody.
(3)The workers were made 　　　　　(work) over ten hours a day by the boss.
4.To help them do this,some senior high schools offer courses in time management.(教材P7)为了帮助他们做到这一点,一些高中开设了时间管理课程。
【句式剖析】to help them do this是动词不定式短语,在此处作目的状语。不定式作目的状语时,可以置于句首或句末,置于句首时通常用逗号与主句隔开。
We must do everything we can to help people in need.
我们必须尽一切努力帮助有需要的人。
To see distant objects clear,many people have to wear glasses.
为了能看清远处的物体,许多人不得不戴眼镜。
【句式拓展】
(1)逻辑主语:通常与句子的主语保持一致,逻辑主语与构成不定式的动词为主谓关系时,不定式用主动式,否则用被动式。
(2)与谓语动作的关系:是谓语动作的目的,一般发生在谓语动作之后。
(3)强调形式:为表示强调,可在不定式前加in order/so as,需要注意的是so as to 不能位于句首,但in order to可以。
(4)否定形式:不定式作目的状语时,其否定形式不能直接用“not+不定式”,而是用in order not to do或so as not to do。
He shouted and waved so as to/in order to be noticed.为了引起注意,他又喊又挥手。
In order to support the whole family,he worked hard.为了维持一家人的生计,他拼命工作。
I ran all the way in order not to/so as not to be late for school.
为了上学不迟到,我一路跑着来的。
【迁移应用】
用所给词的适当形式填空
(1)　　　　　 (learn) more about Chinese culture,Jack has decided to take Chinese folk music as an elective course.
(2)　　　　　 (free) ourselves from the physical and mental tensions,we each need deep thought and inner quietness.
(3)The children talked so loudly at the dinner table that I had to struggle　　　　(hear).
(4)When asked why he went there,he said he was sent there 　　(train) for a space flight.
5.Looking back on my high school life,the most important advice I’d give is these wonderful words from the writer Maya Angelou.(教材P9)回顾我的高中生活,我最重要的建议是从作家玛雅·安杰洛那里得到的这些精彩的话语。
【句式剖析】Looking back on my high school life是动词-ing形式短语,在此处作时间状语。
Hearing the news(=When they heard the news),they all jumped with joy.
当听到这个消息时,他们都高兴地跳了起来。
【句式拓展】
(1)动词-ing形式(短语)作状语时,主要表示时间、原因、结果、方式、伴随等。
(2)动词-ing形式作状语时,其逻辑主语是句子的主语,且与谓语动词所表示的动作同时进行。
(3)动词-ing形式的否定式是在前面加not。
(4)动词-ing形式的完成式表示动作在主句动作之前发生。
She was always gentle with her children,never hitting nor scolding them.
她对孩子一向很温和,从不打骂他们。
Not knowing the language,I found it hard to communicate with local people.
不懂当地语言,我发现与当地人交流很困难。
Having finished our compositions,we handed them in.写完作文后,我们就交上去了。
注意:动词-ing形式作结果状语,通常表示一个顺其自然、合乎情理的结果;不定式作结果状语时,通常表示出乎意料的结果,其前常加only以强调这一意外结果。
It rained heavily,causing severe flooding in that country.大雨滂沱,造成了那个国家洪水泛滥。
They reached the company out of breath,only to be told they were fired.
他们上气不接下气地赶到公司,不料被告知他们被开除了。
【迁移应用】
用所给词的适当形式填空
(1)The little girl dropped the bottle of milk on the ground,　　　　　(break) it into pieces.
(2)　　　　　(stand) on the top of the hill,I found the city more beautiful.
(3)We hurried to the airport only 　　　　　(find) the plane had taken off.
6....but the teacher spoke so fast that I couldn’t take everything down.(教材P11)
……但是老师说得太快了,我不能把一切都记下来。
【句式剖析】这是一个“so...that...”句型,意为“如此……以至于……”,其中so是副词,修饰fast;that连接结果状语从句。
He was so angry that he turned the table upside down.他很生气,把桌子掀翻了。
She was so ill that we had to send for a doctor.她病得很厉害,我们不得不请了一位医生来。
【句式拓展】
(1)so+adj./adv.+that+从句
so+adj.+a(n)+n.+that+从句
so+many/much/few/little+n.+that+从句
(2)such+a(n)+adj.+n.+that+从句
such+adj.+可数名词复数/不可数名词+that+从句
He is so good a student that we all want to make him our good example.
他是个优秀的学生,我们都想以他为榜样。
He has so little knowledge that he hasn’t found a satisfying job.
他学识浅薄,因此一直找不到满意的工作。
He was in such a hurry that he almost pushed me over on the stairs.
他这么急匆匆的,差点在楼梯上把我推下去。
当修饰复数名词的little意思相当于small或young时,仍然使用such...that...结构;在so/such...that...句型中,当so或such以及它们所修饰的部分位于句首时,主句采用部分倒装语序。
They are such little children that they can’t take care of themselves.他们年龄太小,不能照顾自己。
So badly was he injured that he had to be sent to the hospital.他的伤势很重,不得不被送往医院。
【迁移应用】
完成句子
(1)迈克没有钱,所以他不得不找一份工作。
Mike had　　　　　 　　　　　　he had to look for a job.
(2)书店里有如此多的好书,以至于我真不知道选哪本。
There were　　　　　 　　　　　　in the bookstore that I really didn’t know which to choose.
(3)汤姆是一个如此诚实的男孩,我们都喜欢他。
Tom is 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　that we all like him.
(4)天气如此恶劣,我们只好待在家里。
It was 　　　　　　　　　that we had no choice but to stay at home.
重点语法
基本句子结构
英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成六种,其他句式都是在这些基本句子结构的基础上进行扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这六种基本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。英语六种基本句型列式如下:
一:S V(主+谓)
二:S V P(主+系+表)
三:S V O(主+谓+宾)
四:S V IO DO(主+谓+间宾+直宾)
五:S V O C(主+谓+宾+宾补)
六:there be句型 该句型表达存在,看似一种无主语的“有”,其实是一种倒装句式:主语位于谓语动词 be 之后,there 仅为引导词,并无实际意义。be 与其后的主语在人称和数量上保持一致,有时态和情态的变化。如:
现在有 there is/are...
过去有 there was/were...
将来有 there will be.../there is/are going to be...
现在已经有 there has/have been...
可能有 there might be...
肯定有 there must be.../there must have been...
过去常有 there used to be...
似乎有 there seem/seems/seemed to be...
碰巧有 there happen/happens/happened to be...
该句型的变式结构是“There live/stand/come/go/lie/remain/exist/arrive...+主语+地点状语”。如:
There stands an old temple on the top of the mountain.山顶上有一座古庙。
There once lived an old man by the sea.从前有个老人住在海边。一单元　
第一组 senior adj.
[词汇拓展]
be senior to sb. a senior officer/manager
senior citizens
第二组 curious　adj.
[词汇拓展]
be curious to do sth be curious about
It is curious that...
out of curiosity with curiosity
第三组 impression
【词汇拓展】
impress vt.　　 　　　
impressive adj.
make/leave/have a(n)...impression on sb.
impress sb.with sth. impress sth.on/upon sb.
be impressed by/with...
第四组 tradition n.
[词汇拓展]
traditional adj.
It is traditional (for sb.)to do sth.
break with tradition by tradition
第五组eagerness　n.
[词汇拓展]
eager adj.
be eager for sth.
be eager for sb. to do sth. ..
渴望sth. be thirsty for/long for sth/be dying for/be greedy for
渴望去做sth. long to do sth./be dying to do sth./be keen to do
第六组 explore　 v.
[词汇拓展]
explore the unknown world
explore space
explore new cultures
第七组breathe
【词汇拓展】
breath n.　　　　　breathe in/out
out of breath
take a deep breath
hold one’s breath
第八组in panic
【词汇拓展】
panic→panicked→panicked→panicking
get into a panic　　　　
panic sb.into doing sth. There’s no panic.
第九组 turn around
【词汇拓展】
turn away　　 turn down turn back turn into
turn on turn off turn out turn over
turn to　　　　turn up
第十组embarrassed
【词汇拓展】
embarrass vt.　　　　　
embarrassing adj. embarrassment n.
to one’s embarrassment
第十一组 apply
【词汇拓展】
application n.　　　 applicant n. apply oneself to 　　　致力于
apply one’s mind to
apply...to...
第十二组 fit
be fit for　　 be fit to do
keep/stay fit fit in with
第十三组 experienced
【词汇拓展】
experience have experience in sth.
from/by experience be experienced in/at
第十四组argue
【词汇拓展】
argument n.　　　　 arguable adj.
argue with sb.about/over sth.
argue sb.into
argue sb.out of
argue against argue for
have an argument with sb.about/over sth.
argue about
第十五组 come along
【词汇拓展】
come about　 come across come back
come from
come off come on come out
come to come up come up with
第十六组 care about
【词汇拓展】
care for　　　　　 take care of
under/in the care of with care
take care
第十七组 take up
第十八组 graduate
【词汇拓展】
graduation n.　　　　
graduate from graduate in
graduation ceremony graduation certificate
第十九组 take part in
第二十组 frightened
【词汇拓展】
fright n.　　　　　　　　
frighten vt. frightening adj.
be frightened at/of...　　　be frightened to death
frighten sb.into/out of doing sth.
第二十一组 deal with
【词汇拓展】
make a deal 　　　　 That’s/It’s a deal.
a great/good deal of deal in
第二十二组 go all out
【词汇拓展】
go against 　　go by go down go in for go on
go out go through go up go with go without
第二十三组 come to an end
【词汇拓展】
put/bring an end to sth.(=put/bring sth.to an end) 　　　　
end up with 　　　　in the end
at the end of by the end of
from beginning to end
第二十四组 sharp adj.
sharply adv.
sharpen v.
keep a sharp eye on sb.
have a sharp mind/brain
a sharp increase/fall in prices
be sharp with sb.
a sharp pain
第二十五组 intelligent adj.
intelligence n.
intelligently adv.
a highly intelligent child
artificial intelligence (AI)
第二十六组 investigate v.
investigation n.
investigate an incident
under investigation
第二十七组 gain v.
（1） gain one’s respect/trust
（2）vt. gain sth by/from.….
gain in sth
gain weight/confidence/experience
第二十八组 calm
He took a deep breath to calm himself down.
stay/remain/keep calm
calm…down
calm down
第二十九组 sight n.
catch sight of
at the sight of
lose sight of
lose one’s sight
in/within sight
out of one’s sight
第三十组 rate
first-rate/second-rate......
at any rate /anyway
At any rate, the medical supplies will reach you within a week.
at this/that rate
If you go on at that rate,you will damage your health.
rating n.
The university is highly rated for its research.
第三十一组 memorize v.
memory n.
in memory of ...
memorable adj.
第三十二组 depend on ...=rely on/ count on/ be up to
keep calm =stay calm
[calm(sb/oneself) down ]
make the most of = make the best of/ make (full) use of
重要句式
1.I was looking at the photos on the noticeboard when I heard a voice behind me.(教材P2)
2.I had been too nervous to pay attention when he introduced himself!(教材P3)
3.His words made me a lot more relaxed!(教材P5)
4.To help them do this,some senior high schools offer courses in time management.(教材P7)
5.Looking back on my high school life,the most important advice I’d give is these wonderful words from the writer Maya Angelou.(教材P9)
6....but the teacher spoke so fast that I couldn’t take everything down.(教材P11)
重点语法
基本句子结构
英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成六种,其他句式都是在这些基本句子结构的基础上进行扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这六种基本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。英语六种基本句型列式如下:
一:S V(主+谓)
二:S V P(主+系+表)
三:S V O(主+谓+宾)
四:S V IO DO(主+谓+间宾+直宾)
五:S V O C(主+谓+宾+宾补)
六:there be句型 该句型表达存在,看似一种无主语的“有”,其实是一种倒装句式:主语位于谓语动词 be 之后,there 仅为引导词,并无实际意义。be 与其后的主语在人称和数量上保持一致,有时态和情态的变化。如:
现在有 there is/are...
过去有 there was/were...
将来有 there will be.../there is/are going to be...
现在已经有 there has/have been...
可能有 there might be...
肯定有 there must be.../there must have been...
过去常有 there used to be...
似乎有 there seem/seems/seemed to be...
碰巧有 there happen/happens/happened to be...
该句型的变式结构是“There live/stand/come/go/lie/remain/exist/arrive...+主语+地点状语”。如:
There stands an old temple on the top of the mountain.山顶上有一座古庙。
There once lived an old man by the sea.从前有个老人住在海边。

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