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专题16 任务型阅读（信息摘录）--【真题荟萃】 2022-2024年中考英语真题分类汇编
（2024·四川成都·中考真题）根据短文内容，完成图表中所缺信息。
Humans have long tried to predict (预测) the weather. From the hunters of ancient times to today’s pilots, predicting rain or shine can shape people’s life and make a difference.
In 650 BC, the Babylonians tried to predict the weather based on the appearance of clouds. Around 340 BC, Aristotle, a famous Greek thinker and scientist, wrote Meteorologica. It introduced the types of weather, such as rain, cloud and lightning. Aristotle believed that there was water, air and fire around the Earth. It was almost 2,000 years before his ideas were replaced by new ones.
By 300 BC in China, a calendar divided the year into 24 festivals gradually, each festival related to a type of weather, like the Rain Water (the start of the spring rains), the Waking of Insects (the spring thunder awakens sleeping insects) and so on. That was useful for farmers to plan when to plant and harvest (收获).
People used lots of ways to predict the weather over the centuries. You might have heard the expressions like “Red sky at night, sailor’s delight”, which suggests a red sky in the evening is followed by good weather. This has a basis in science, as does telling wind direction through smoke from the fire. On the other hand, some thought that if sheep crowded together, it meant rain. But there isn’t any science behind it.
The science of weather prediction really took off in the 1830s with the invention of the telegraph. It sent messages over hundreds of thousands of miles, so weather maps were drawn up and storm systems were studied. The next big step came in the 1920s with the invention of the “radiosonde”, a balloon carrying weather instruments high above the ground to collect information. Experts took the information and built a picture of the weather over the following few days.
Today, supercomputers are used to take data (数据) from the world and process it very fast to work out the weather. For example, they once helped predict where Hurricane Lee, which hit the US and Canada, would land nine days in advance (提前).
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（2024·四川凉山·中考真题）完成表格 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容，完成表格中所缺的信息，并将其答案的完整形式写在答题卡上相应的位置。每空一词。
Bring Nature Indoors
Indoor plants seem to just sit around without doing much, but in many ways they are the silent heroes of homes. Not only do they look beautiful, but they can lift our health in body and mind by making us feel good and taking away stress. What’s more, indoor plants are easy to look after and are not very expensive.
What are indoor plants
Indoor plants, also known as houseplants, are plants that like to grow indoors. Many of these kinds are not used to growing outside, especially in winter, they grow better inside because of the warmer condition. There are many kinds of indoor plants around us, such as peace lilies, spider plants and succulents.
Why are indoor plants good for us
There are many advantages about growing plants indoors. Plants around houses can improve our feelings. Studies have supported this and found that indoor plants can improve our creativity, focus and memory. There is also research showing that houseplants can clean the air around them by removing some harmful gases, such as HCHO (甲醛). Dr Tijana Blanusa said, “Plants catch and hold tiny polluted materials. They remove some harmful chemicals from cooking or painting. Peace lilies and devil’s ivy are the best.”
How to choose indoor plants
We can get plants from supermarkets, garden centers or online. Younger plants are often cheaper than fully grown ones. Caring for them is always full of joy. You water them, talk to them, see them grow up… Learning about the habits of each plant can bring a new interest and attention into our lives and help to connect our homes with nature.
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（2024·黑龙江绥化·中考真题）根据所给材料，提取信息，完成思维导图。
International Museum Day is on May 18th every year.
It started in 1977 and it has got much attention since then. 20,000 museums celebrated International Museum Day in 2009. They had events in more than 90 countries. In 2011, the official poster of International Museum Day was translated into 37 languages. In 2012, almost 30,000 museum s from 129 countries joined in the celebration.
Every year, many museums around the world join in International Museum Day. People celebrate it by holding fun, special and free activities. International Museum Day plays an important role in making people know museums are important for cultural exchanges (文化交流). During the International Museum Day celebration, many activities take place. There are some special activities from different countries. These special activities are different each year. Many groups around the world plan free trips to museums. Many people visit museums on this day.
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（2023·山东菏泽·中考真题）阅读下面短文，用英语完成思维导图。
Everyone sometimes feels that their life is going nowhere. Do you think that your life is stopping developing If so, please read our list of things to increase the quality of your life.
Keep healthy. Eat plenty of fruit and vegetables, drink lots of water, and avoid too much red meat. Take exercise to improve your mood and outlook. Go running, get down to the gym, or take a walk through nature.
Make a daily plan. Do you wake up in the morning with a bad feeling because there is just so much to get done Start each day by focusing on what to do, then make a list for that day. A few minutes spent making a list will prevent you from forgetting something important, and will help you order your tasks. Crossing completed jobs off your list will make you feel good.
Learn a skill. It is one of the most satisfying things you can do. A great way to learn a skill is to join a class. Not only will you learn, but you will make new friends. Whether it’s learning a foreign language or playing a musical instrument, there will be a class near your home.
Help others. Helping others is helping yourself. Not only do you feel good about yourself, but other people will benefit from your kindness. You might offer to help do some gardening for an older person. Helping others will make you feel that you have something to offer the world.
Follow the suggestions above and you will surely increase the quality of your life. Be positive, and be happy.

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（2023·黑龙江绥化·中考真题）根据所给材料，提取信息，完成思维导图
Dear Robert,
Thank you or your last e-mail! You know that we have learned a lot of knowledge here for four years. We are leaving our school in two weeks. It is time for us to say goodbye to our school, our teachers and schoolmates. You didn’t go to school last week. We had the graduation party in the school hall last Tuesday. It was a pity that you didn’t come to the graduation party. Let me tell you something about it.
All the student couldn’t wait to come to the school hall at 3: 00 p.m. Our teachers and parents were invited to the party, too. First, our monitor(班长) made a speech. He thanked our teachers and parents. Next, all the students exchanged presents. The most exciting moment was the show time. We sang, danced and played games. Our English teacher told a story which made us all laugh. Everyone was so happy. I think the wonderful party will always be in my mind. How is it going with you now Please write soon.
Yours,
Alice
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（2023·浙江金华·中考真题）阅读下列短文，在空白处填入与短文内容相符的信息，完成阅读摘记。每空不得超过三个词。
Welcome to Jinhua Science and Technology Museum!
The museum covers 11,000 square meters, with four theme exhibition halls for you to explore. So far, more than 500, 000 people have paid a visit since it was open in 2020. Here follows what you can see and do.
Life and Development
The first floor exhibition hall focuses on Life and Development. Here, you can learn about the origin and development of life, for example, how our brain is developing. You can also enjoy some pictures about the animals that have disappeared.
Exploration and Discovery
If you are interested in physics, the second floor is a good choice. It offers a good chance to do some hands-on activities. Some physics experiments are also allowed, which help you better understand different scientific phenomena(现象).
Design and Intelligence
Robot fans will surely be attracted by different robots on the third floor. Amazingly, the robots can draw, dance and even play the piano for you. Of course, you can also play games with them.
Earth and Universe
The hall on the fourth floor is about Earth and Universe, where you can experience kinds of activities about universe exploration(探索). The records of space exploration will give you a strong feeling of pride.
More fun is waiting for you! We are open from 9:00 am to 4:30 pm, Wednesday to Sunday, closed on Monday and Tuesday (except holidays and festivals). And we stop receiving visitors by 4:00 pm. Welcome to book your free tickets and visit us. For more information, please call us at 0579—82872222.
Jinhua Science and Technology Museum ◆Size: It covers 1 . ◆History: It has been open for over two years. ◆Opening time: It opens for five days a week. ◆Ticket price: Enter the museum 2 . ◆Telephone: Call 0579- 82872222 for more information.
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（2022·辽宁朝阳·中考真题）根据短文内容，完成表格，每空不超过三个词。
We sometimes say the lion is “the king of the jungle” because it is stronger and more dangerous than the other animals. Most other animals in the jungle run more slowly than the lion, so it can hunt better. The lion is the top animal in the land food chain.
In the sea, the shark is at the top of the food chain. Most other sea animals swim much more slowly than it. It can also use its big teeth to catch other sea animals and eat them.
What is at the top of the world's food chain Humans are! We are not the biggest or fastest, but we are the cleverest! We could not catch up with most animals, so we invented cars and now we can move the fastest. We could not fight better than a lion, so we invented guns. Now we can hunt the best.
People’s inventions help a lot, but they can be dangerous, too. For example, many years ago in Inner Mongolia, people used guns to kill a lot of wild wolves.
The wild wolves usually eat wild rabbits. But in recent years, the number of wild rabbits is becoming bigger and bigger because the number of wild wolves is getting smaller and smaller.
The wild rabbits competed for the grass with the sheep and cows. Much of the grassland became desert because the rabbits destroyed (毁坏) it seriously.
Remember that we are a part of the food chain, we are in danger, too! If we protect animals, we are protecting ourselves. Luckily, people have paid much attention to such problems. We will do more things to keep the balance of ecosystem in the future.
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（2022·黑龙江绥化·中考真题）根据所给材料，提取信息，完成思维导图
A School Trip
Attention, please! I have something important to say. We’ll go for a school trip to the science museum this Friday. Here are some rules that we have to follow.
To start with, you must be quiet in the museum. If you speak loudly, the workers in the museum will ask you to leave. Next, don’t take photos in the museum. Because it’s bad for the paintings. But you can take a pen and a notebook to write down some important things. Finally, keep the museum clean and tidy while visiting. By the way, please call 2436-7866 if you have any questions. I hope we will have a good time there. That’s all, thank you.
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（2022·四川成都·中考真题）完成图表。根据短文内容，完成图表中所缺信息。
Environmental protection is one of the hottest topics nowadays. It was also something that ancient Chinese paid great attention to. In fact, the world’s earliest environmental protection idea, ministry（部门）and law were all born in China. How did the ancient Chinese protect the environment
The world’s earliest idea of “managing state affairs（政事）through environmental protection”
Xunzi, a famous thinker in the Warring States Period, came up with the idea of “managing state affairs through environmental protection”. He wrote in his book that vegetation（植被）should be protected well by humans.
Guan Zhong, a government officer 400 years ahead of Xunzi, was also an environmental protection expert. He said “a king who cannot protect his vegetation is not doing a good job”.
The world’s earliest “environmental protection ministry”
Nine ministries set up by Shun, an ancient Chinese emperor, included “Yu”（虞）, an environmental protection ministry. The first “Yu” leader was Boyi, an environmental protection expert. He invented wells so people could drink clean water. He knew a lot about animals and also called for animal protection.
The world’s earliest “environmental protection law”
Over 4,000 years ago, Dayu, an ancient Chinese water-control expert and also an emperor, made a rule, not allowing people to cut down trees in March or catch fish in June, because it was the time when they grew quickly.
Almost 3,000 years ago, Tianlü, the first environmental protection law, appeared in Qin. It recorded many ancient environmental protection rules. Two of them were interesting: firstly, rivers should not be blocked （堵塞）; secondly, grass and trees should not be burned to be fertilizer（肥料） except for summer. The second one is inspiring even for today. It can help to keep air clean and fresh.
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（2022·辽宁锦州·中考真题）根据短文内容完成短文后的思维导图。
When you visit a foreign country, it is important to know how to ask for help politely. For example, you may ask “Where are the restrooms ” or “Could you please tell me where the restrooms are ” These are similar requests for directions. Both are correct, but the first one sounds less polite. That is because it is a very direct question. It is not enough to just ask a question correctly. We also need to learn how to be polite when we ask for help.
Good speakers change the way they speak in different situations. The expressions they use might depend on whom they are speaking to or how well they know each other. It is all right to ask your classmates direct questions because you know them well. However, if you say to your teacher, “When is the school trip ” this might sound impolite. But if you say, “Excuse me, Mr.West. Do you know when the school trip is ”, this will sound much more polite.
Usually polite questions are longer. They include expressions such as “Could you please... ” or “May I ask... ” It sounds more polite to say, “Peter, could you please tell me your address ” than “Peter, tell me your e-mail address.” Sometimes we even need to spend time leading into a request. For example, we might first say to a stranger, “Excuse me, I wonder if you can help me” or “I’m sorry to trouble you, but...” before asking for help.
It might seem more difficult to speak politely than directly. However, it is important to learn how to use the right language in different situations. This will help you communicate better with other people.
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参考答案：
1．science 2．farming 3．partly 4．use 5．process
【导语】本文讲述了长期以来，人类一直试图预测天气。
1．根据“The science of weather prediction really took off in the 1830s with the invention of the telegraph.”可知预测天气人们从以前靠经验到现在的利用科学，science“科学”，故填science。
2．根据“By 300 BC in China, a calendar divided the year into 24 festivals gradually…That was useful for farmers to plan when to plant and harvest (收获).”可知24节气可以在农业方面指导农民农作，farming“农业”，故填farming。
3．根据“People used lots of ways to predict the weather over the centuries…This has a basis in science, as does telling wind direction through smoke from the fire. On the other hand, some thought that if sheep crowded together, it meant rain. But there isn’t any science behind it.”可知几个世纪以来，人们用很多方法来预测天气，有部分是有科学依据的，partly“部分地”副词修饰形容词，故填partly。
4．根据“The science of weather prediction really took off in the 1830s with the invention of the telegraph.”可知电报的发明标志着现代科学在预测天气中的使用，use“使用”，故填use。
5．根据“Today, supercomputers are used to take data (数据) from the world and process it very fast to work out the weather.”可知超级计算机可以以非常快的速度从世界上获取并处理数据来计算天气。情态动词can后接动词原形，process“处理”，故填process。
6． silent 7．health 8． houseplants 9．winter 10．Why 11．Clean 12．polluted 13．get 14．expensive 15．with
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章介绍了什么是室内植物，为什么室内植物对我们有益以及如何选择室内植物。
6．根据“but in many ways they are the silent heroes of homes.”可知，室内植物是家里沉默的英雄。故填silent。
7．根据“Not only do they look beautiful, but they can lift our health in body and mind by making us feel good and taking away stress”可知，室内植物可以通过让我们感觉良好和消除压力来改善我们的身心健康。故填health。
8．根据“Indoor plants, also known as houseplants”可知，它们也称为houseplants“窒内植物”。故填houseplants。
9．根据“Many of these kinds are not used to growing outside, especially in winter, they grow better inside because of the warmer condition.”可知，室内植物在室内生长得更好，尤其是在冬季。故填winter。
10．根据“Why are indoor plants good for us ”可知，此处介绍了为什么室内植物对我们有益。故填Why。
11．根据“There is also research showing that houseplants can clean the air around them by removing some harmful gases”可知，室内植物可以通过去除一些有害气体来清洁周围的空气。clean“清洁”，动词，句首首字母大写。故填Clean。
12．根据“Plants catch and hold tiny polluted materials.”可知，植物能够捕捉并保存微小的污染物质。故填polluted。
13．根据“We can get plants from supermarkets, garden centers or online.”可知，我们可以从超市、花园中心或网上得到植物。故填get。
14．根据“Younger plants are often cheaper than fully grown ones. Caring for them is always full of joy.”可知，较年轻的植物往往比完全生长的植物便宜，反之，完全生长的植物比较年轻的植物更昂贵。expensive“昂贵的”，形容词。结合“than”可知，此处为比较级，空前有more，空格处用形容词原形。故填expensive。
15．根据“Caring for them is always full of joy.”可知，关心它们总是充满喜悦。be full of“充满”，可替换为be filled with“充满”。故填with。
16． May 18th/18 17． started/began attention 18． translated into 19． took part 20． all over
【导语】本文介绍了国际博物馆日。
16．根据“International Museum Day is on May 18th every year.”可知国际博物馆日在每年的5月18日。故填May；18th/18。
17．根据“It started in 1977 and it has got much attention since then.”可知国际博物馆日开始于1977年，从那以后，得到了很多关注。start和begin表示“开始”，此处用一般过去时。much后接名词，attention表示“关注”。故填started/began；attention。
18．根据“In 2011, the official poster of International Museum Day was translated into 37 languages. ”可知2011年，国际博物馆日的官方海报被翻译成37种语言。故填translated；into。
19．根据“In 2012, almost 30,000 museum s from 129 countries joined in the celebration.”可知2012年，来自129个国家的近3万家博物馆参加了庆祝活动。动词短语take part in表示“参加”，take用过去式took。故填took；part。
20．根据“Every year, many museums around the world join in International Museum Day.”可知每年，世界各地的许多博物馆都会参加国际博物馆日。all over表示“到处”。故填all；over。
21．exercise 22．list 23．increase 24．Learn a skill 25．your kindness
【导语】本文主要介绍了提高自己生活质量的方法。
21．根据“Keep healthy. Eat plenty of fruit and vegetables, drink lots of water, and avoid too much red meat. Take exercise to improve your mood and outlook. Go running, get down to the gym, or take a walk through nature.”可知保持健康需要吃得健康和锻炼，take exercise“锻炼”。故填exercise。
22．根据“Start each day by focusing on what to do, then make a list for that day”可知每天从专注于该做什么开始，然后列出当天的清单。make a list“列清单”。故填list。
23．根据“If so, please read our list of things to increase the quality of your life.”可知保持健康和制作日常计划都是提高你的生活质量的方法。suggestions to increase the quality of your life“提高你生活质量的建议”，故填increase。
24．根据“Learn a skill. It is one of the most satisfying things you can do. A great way to learn a skill is to join a class.”可知学习一项技能的好方法是参加一个班。故填Learn a skill。
25．根据“Help others. Helping others is helping yourself. Not only do you feel good about yourself, but other people will benefit from your kindness.”可知帮助别人就是帮助自己，你不仅自我感觉良好，其他人也会从你的善良中受益。题干中已有from，此处应用your kindness。故填your kindness。
26． last Tuesday 27． school hall 28． teachers parents 29． made speech 30． told story
【导语】本文是Alice写给Robert的信，信中介绍了毕业晚会的信息。
26．根据“We had the graduation party in the school hall last Tuesday”可知是上周二在学校礼堂举行了毕业晚会。故填last；Tuesday。
27．根据“All the student couldn’t wait to come to the school hall”可知毕业晚会在学校礼堂举行。故填school；hall。
28．根据“All the student couldn’t wait to come...Our teachers and parents were invited to the party”可知学生、老师和父母都来参加了毕业晚会。故填teachers；parents。
29．根据“our monitor(班长) made a speech”可知班长做了一个演讲。故填made；speech。
30．根据“Our English teacher told a story”可知英语老师讲了一个故事。故填told；story。
31．11,000 square meters 32．for free/for nothing 33．play games 34．physics 35．Life
【导语】本文主要介绍了金华科技馆。
31．根据“The museum covers 11,000 square meters, with four theme exhibition halls for you to explore.”可知，博物馆占地11000平方米，故填11,000 square meters。
32．根据“Welcome to book your free tickets and visit us.”可知，门票免费，for free/nothing“免费”符合句意，故填for free/nothing。
33．根据“Of course, you can also play games with them”可知，可以和机器人玩游戏，play games符合句意，故填play games。
34．根据“Some physics experiments are also allowed”可知，可以在这里做物理实验，physics“物理”符合句意，故填physics。
35．根据“Life and Development”可知，此处介绍“生活与发展”的展厅，故填Life。
36．faster than 37．The shark 38．helpful 39．bigger and bigger 40．will be done
【导语】本文主要介绍了生物的食物链，同时也提到了我们人类是食物链的一部分，我们也处于危险之中，所以在未来，我们需要做更多的事情来保持生态系统的平衡。
36．根据“ Most other animals in the jungle run more slowly than the lion,”可知狮子比丛林中的大多数其他动物跑得更快，faster than“比……更快”符合语境，故填faster than。
37．根据“In the sea, the shark is at the top of the food chain.”可知在海洋中，鲨鱼处于食物链的顶端。故填The shark。
38．根据“People’s inventions help a lot, but they can be dangerous,”可知人们的发明帮助很大，但也可能很危险，此空是作are的表语，表示“帮助的”，helpful符合语境，故填helpful。
39．根据“But in recent years, the number of wild rabbits is becoming bigger and bigger because the number of wild wolves is getting smaller and smaller.”可知由于野狼的数量越来越少，野兔的数量就越来越大。故填bigger and bigger。
40．根据“We will do more things to keep the balance of ecosystem in the future.”（在未来，我们将做更多的事情来保持生态系统的平衡。）此空是“more things”作主语，与动词之间是被动关系，且句子是一般将来时，应用一般将来时的被动语态：will be done。故填will be done。
41． science museum 42． be/keep quiet/silent 43． take photos/photographs/pictures 44． clean tidy 45． call 2436-7866
【导语】本文是一篇应用文，介绍学校去科学博物馆旅行的相关内容。
41．根据“We’ll go for a school trip to the science museum this Friday.”可知，是去科学博物馆的旅行，故填science；museum。
42．根据“To start with, you must be quiet in the museum.”可知，在博物馆要保持安静，故填be/keep；quiet/silent。
43．根据“Next, don’t take photos in the museum.”可知，不可以在博物馆拍照，故填take；photos/photographs/pictures。
44．根据“Finally, keep the museum clean and tidy while visiting.”可知，参观时要保持博物馆干净、整洁，故填clean；tidy。
45．根据“please call 2436-7866 if you have any questions”可知，如果有任何问题，可以拨打2436-7866。故填call；2436-7866。
46．Practice 47．considered 48．improved 49．right 50．smoothly
【导语】本文介绍了中国古代最早的环保理念、环保部门以及环保法律。
46．根据“In fact, the world’s earliest environmental protection idea, ministry（部门）and law were all born in China. How did the ancient Chinese protect the environment ”以及下文的介绍可知，本文主要是介绍中国古代最早的环境保护思想与实践的情况，practice“实践”，此处是作为文章的主题，实词首字母要大写，故填Practice。
47．根据“Xunzi, a famous thinker in the Warring States Period...He wrote in his book that vegetation（植被）should be protected well by humans.”可知，战国时期著名思想家荀子提出了“环保治国”的思想，即治理国家时应该考虑环境保护问题，consider“考虑”，是动词，此处是含有情态动词的被动结构，此处动词用过去分词形式，故填considered。
48．根据“The first “Yu” leader was Boyi, an environmental protection expert. He invented wells so people could drink clean water. He knew a lot about animals and also called for animal protection.”可知，第一位“虞”的领导是环保专家伯益。他发明了水井，这样人们就可以喝到干净的水，即提高了饮用水的质量，improve“提高”，动词用过去式，故填improved。
49．根据“Over 4,000 years ago, Dayu, an ancient Chinese water-control expert and also an emperor, made a rule, not allowing people to cut down trees in March or catch fish in June, because it was the time when they grew quickly.”可知，大禹制定了一条规则，不允许人们在三月砍伐树木，六月捕鱼，因为这段时间它们都长得很快，即在正确的时间才能得到木材和鱼，right“正确的”，形容词，故填right。
50．根据“Tianlü, the first environmental protection law, appeared in Qin. It recorded many ancient environmental protection rules. Two of them were interesting: firstly, rivers should not be blocked （堵塞）”可知，田律是第一部环境保护法，它记载了许多古代的环境保护条例。其中包括河流不应该堵塞，也就是应该确保河流畅通，smooth“流畅的”，形容词，修饰动词run用副词，故填smoothly。
51．different situations 52．To your classmates 53．longer 54．I’m sorry to trouble you, but… 55．Why/Purpose/The reason
【导语】本文主要讲述了如何使用不同的句子来提出问题或请求帮助。
51．根据“Good speakers change the way they speak in different situations. …But if you say, “Excuse me, Mr.West. Do you know when the school trip is ”, this will sound much more polite.”可知，此处是在不同的情境下改变说话方式。故填different situations。
52．根据“It is all right to ask your classmates direct questions because you know them well.”可知，此处是可以直接问同学们问题。故填To your classmates。
53．根据文中“Usually polite questions are longer. They include expressions such as “Could you please... ” or “May I ask... ” It sounds more polite to say, “Peter, could you please tell me your address ” than “Peter, tell me your e-mail address.””可知，礼貌地问问题会使问题的句子更长，故填longer。
54．根据文中““Excuse me, I wonder if you can help me” or “I’m sorry to trouble you, but...” before asking for help.”可知，此处应该回答对不起，但是……，故填I’m sorry to trouble you, but….。
55．根据文中“However, it is important to learn how to use the right language in different situations. This will help you communicate better with other people.”可知，然而，学习如何在不同的情况下使用正确的语言是很重要的。这将帮助你更好地与他人沟通。此处是为何正确使用语言的原因或目的，故填Why/Purpose/The reason。
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